2024年课标版高考英语第二轮专题练习--满分练1　阅读理解+七选五（含答案与解析）

中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2024年课标版高考英语第二轮专题
满分练(一)　阅读理解+七选五
(限时:40分钟)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2023福建厦门二模)
A Century In Circulation
THIS YEAR’S ANNUAL CLASSICS COLLECTION is particularly special given it is the magazine’s 100th anniversary year.Peeling back the covers of the thousands of editions,published in numerous countries,and dating back to the first issue in February 1922,is always a task we enjoy doing.
This collection offers a wide range of different subjects.Each one we hope will inform,delight,amuse and perhaps even confound(使惊讶) our readers:from stepping inside the French artist Pierre-Auguste Renoir’s inner circle of friends(‘Renoir’s Invitation To A Party’,page 90),to finding peace from depression in a solitary walk on the beach(‘The Day At The Beach’,page 110) and meeting a cat who held a family together as they began to fall apart(‘A Pretty Good Teacher,For A Cat’,page 22).
My favourite article,‘Exploits Of Charles’(page 104),is written by a mother about the increasingly odd behaviour of a little boy in her young son’s kindergarten class.What a handful this young Charles proves to be.His poor mother!,she thinks to herself.I’m certain you’ll enjoy this amusing and relatable account of a small boy adjusting to his new classmates and teacher.
With an endless supply of wonderful stories,surprising insights and experiences to share,Reader’s Digest remains a place to find fresh perspectives—and a great read.
Happy reading!
LOUISE WATERSON
Editor-in-Chief
1.Where can we read about a cat
A.On page 90.　 B.On page 110.
C.On page 22. D.On page 104.
2.Which article attracts Louise most
A.Renoir’s Invitation To A Party
B.The Day At The Beach
C.A Pretty Good Teacher,For A Cat
D.Exploits Of Charles
3.What is this text
A.Readers’ review.
B.Editor’s note.
C.Authors’ reflection.
D.Publisher’s acknowledgement.
B
(2023陕西安康一模)
Zhou Youguang was the inventor of Pinyin,a spelling system that converts (转化) Chinese characters into words with the Roman alphabet.The system,adopted by China in 1958,gives readers an important tool to pronounce the Chinese characters that they are unfamiliar with.
While it is not the first system to Romanize Chinese,Pinyin has become the most widely accepted tool to teach a language that has disparate dialects in different parts of China.
Beyond China’s borders,Pinyin allows the standardization of Chinese names.For instance,it’s a big reason why the name Westerners commonly use for the Chinese capital has shifted from “Peking” to “Beijing”.And it’s why many other such names have changed dramatically along with it.
And yet Zhou,the man behind one of the most important innovations in the 20th century,said he was unwilling to take on the task in the mid-1950s.At the time,he was an economist and only recently returned to China.
“I said I was an amateur and that I couldn’t do the job,” he told the BBC in 2012,laughing.“But they said,‘It’s a new job.Everybody is an amateur.’ Everybody urged me to change professions.So I did.In 1955,I abandoned economics and started studying writing systems.”
The committee led by Zhou spent three years working on its alphabetic system.“Some people made fun of us,joking that it had taken us a long time to deal with just 26 letters,” he said in the interview.
Others took the committee’s invention very seriously,however.The Chinese government immediately introduced Pinyin in schools.The international community eventually adopted it as the standard Romanization for Chinese writing,as well,with the United Nations doing so in 1986.
Before the invention of Pinyin,85% of Chinese people could not read.Now,about 95% can read.Pinyin has also played a vital role in determining the ways mobile phones and computers recognize Chinese characters.
4.Which of the following can replace the underlined word “disparate” in paragraph 2
A.Different. B.Ugly.
C.Standard. D.Understandable.
5.What did Mr.Zhou probably study in university
A.English. B.Chinese.
C.Computer. D.Economics.
6.What can be learned about Pinyin
A.It has twenty-six spelling rules.
B.It was introduced in schools in 1955.
C.The United Nations adopted it in 1986.
D.It is the first attempt to Romanize Chinese.
7.Which paragraph mainly focuses on the significance of Pinyin
A.Paragraph 5. B.Paragraph 6.
C.Paragraph 7. D.Paragraph 8.
C
(2023广东茂名二模)
Do you often compare yourself to other people Comparisons can help to make decisions and motivate you but they can also pull you into a comparison trap.
Whether it’s the number of goals you’ve scored at football or how many books you’ve read,it’s easy to compare yourself to someone else.Scientists say it’s a natural behaviour that helps humans learn from each other,live happily together and achieve more.Although comparing can be good for you,it’s not always helpful and you can find yourself stuck in a comparison trap.This is when you always measure yourself against others and base your feelings on how well they seem to be doing.
Becky Goddard-Hill is a child therapist (someone who helps children understand their feelings) and author of Create Your Own Confidence.She says that comparisons can make us feel good and bad about ourselves.“Comparing up” means seeing someone doing better than you and using that to inspire yourself to aim higher and try harder.However,Goddard-Hill says,“Sometimes it can make you feel rubbish about yourself and knock your confidence.” “Comparing down” is when you see someone who seems like they’re not doing as well as you.This might make you feel you’re doing well,says Goddard-Hill,but it can also stop you wanting to improve.
If your feelings depend on what other people are doing,“Surround yourself with cheerleaders,” suggests Goddard-Hill.Notice how people make you feel and spend time with friends who celebrate your strengths rather than compare themselves to you.If you follow social media accounts that make you feel you are failing in any way,unfollow them.“Find ones that make you laugh or show you lovely places instead,” she says.Finally,focus on your own achievements and how you can improve.“The best person you can compete with is yourself,” says Goddard-Hill.
8.How does a comparison trap affect us
A.It makes us focus on our own behaviour.
B.It stops us from learning from each other.
C.It prevents us from living happily together.
D.It bases our feelings on others’ achievements.
9.What’s true about “Comparing up” and “Comparing down”
A.Both of them usually enhance our confidence.
B.Both of them have advantages and disadvantages.
C.The former is positive while the latter is negative.
D.The former makes us feel good while the latter makes us feel bad.
10.What does Goddard-Hill suggest
A.Aiming to be our best.
B.Trying to be the best.
C.Trying to be a cheerleader.
D.Valuing someone else’s achievements.
11.In which section of the magazine can you find the passage
A.Achievement. B.Entertainment.
C.Health. D.Politics.
D
(2023安徽安庆二模)
Homemade biodiesel (生物柴油) helps you speed past the gas station towards fuel independence.Our expert outlines processing used cooking oil in a small DIY plant.
If you’re guiding your household towards a more self-sufficient lifestyle,maybe you’d like to add do-it-yourself fuel to your list of goals.Biodiesel can be created from waste vegetable oil or animal fats,which you can collect free from restaurants,or you can grow soybeans (大豆) to press your own oil.Process the oil with a couple of chemicals to produce homemade fuel that can run any device—including pickups,cars,and home heating systems.
First,find a reliable source of raw material.Try sourcing used cooking oil from restaurants,functional food companies.If you’re planning to sell your biodiesel,begin by analyzing the available raw material supply,and make plans to size your operation accordingly.Next,build your plant,sized to your raw material supply.A small family operation can fit in the corner of a garage,within the footprint of a single parking space.Allow enough space for a water heater,a tank for storing your incoming feedstock,and a tank for washing your fuel.For starters aim to line up enough feedstock to meet your family’s fuel requirements.
If you’re collecting used cooking oil from restaurants,expect that 20 percent of the material you gather will be water and bits of fried food.Water is not your friend when making biodiesel,so you’ll need to remove it by heating the oil and allowing the contaminants (污染物) to settle to the bottom before you pour the oil of the top.You’ll have to make a plan for getting rid of the oily wastewater.
Home biodiesel production is not without risks.Making your own fuel will require great attention to detail and safety.Now you know the basics of how to make biodiesel,but you’ll need to research carefully before you begin production.
12.Where can you get the materials of biodiesel
A.Oil plants. B.Varied restaurants.
C.Abandoned garages. D.Local companies.
13.What is the author’s attitude to the use of biodiesel
A.Tolerant. B.Positive.
C.Unwilling. D.Opposed.
14.What can we infer about biodiesel production from the last two paragraphs
A.It needs enough water.
B.It goes without any risks.
C.It requires little attention.
D.It needs to be improved.
15.What is the text mainly about
A.Some research on biodiesel.
B.An experiment on biodiesel.
C.The importance of biodiesel.
D.One way to make biodiesel.
Ⅱ.七选五
(2023四川成都三诊)
The human brain is the command centre for the nervous system and enables thoughts,memory,movement and emotions.
　1　 As the population ages,the challenges for the preservation of brain health increase.It is therefore vital for seniors to understand how to protect it.
Exercise regularly.Regular physical exercise tends to help fight against the natural reduction in brain connections that occur during aging.Multiple studies show that physically active people are less likely to experience a decline in their mental function and have a lower risk of developing brain disease.　2　
Have a “right” nap.Having a nap after lunch can be good for your brain and many seniors have developed such a good habit for long.　3　 While a 30-min to 90-min nap has brain benefits,anything longer than an hour and a half may create problems with cognition,the ability to think and form memories.
　4　 Your brain is similar to a muscle—you need to use it or lose it.There are many things that you can do to keep your brain in shape,such as doing crossword puzzles,reading,or playing cards.You can also learn something new such as musical instruments,drawing,or even digital bine different types of activities to increase the effectiveness.
Eat a Mediterranean diet.Studies show people who closely follow a Mediterranean diet are less likely to have brain disease than people who don’t follow the diet.　5　 However,we at least know that omega fatty acids found in olive oil and other healthy fats are vital for your cells to function correctly.
A.Stay mentally active.
B.Explore new interests if possible.
C.But keep in mind that the length matters.
D.Your diet plays a large role in your brain health.
E.The benefits result from increased blood circulation.
F.Maintaining a healthy brain is the primary goal in pursuing health.
G.Further research is needed to decide which parts of the diet help brain the most.
答案：
Ⅰ.
A
[语篇解读]本文是一篇应用文。文章是一本杂志的编者注。
1.C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Each one we hope will inform,delight,amuse and perhaps even confound our readers:from...and meeting a cat who held a family together as they began to fall apart (‘A Pretty Good Teacher,For A cat’,page 22).”可知,我们在第22页可以读到一只猫的故事。
2.D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“My favourite article,‘Exploits Of Charles’ (page 104),is written by a mother about the increasingly odd behaviour of a little boy in her young son’s kindergarten class.”可知,《查尔斯的事迹》最吸引露易丝。
3.B　推理判断题。通读全文,根据第一段中的“THIS YEAR’S ANNUAL CLASSICS COLLECTION is particularly special given it is the magazine’s 100th anniversary year.”等内容,以及文章结尾落款“Editor-in-Chief (主编)”可知,本文是一本杂志的编者注。
B
[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。周有光老人在文中回顾了拼音方案出台前后的一些鲜为人知的细节。
4.A　词义猜测题。根据画线词下文“dialects in different parts of China”及常识可知,不同地区的方言是不同的。由此可知,画线词disparate与different(不同的)意思一致。故选A项。
5.D　推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Everybody urged me to change professions.So I did.In 1955,I abandoned economics and started studying writing systems.”可知,周有光在大学里学的很可能是经济学。故选D项。
6.C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“The international community eventually adopted it as the standard Romanization for Chinese writing,as well,with the United Nations doing so in 1986.”可知,联合国于1986年采用了拼音。故选C项。
7.D　主旨大意题。根据第八段“Before the invention of Pinyin,85% of Chinese people could not read.Now,about 95% can read.Pinyin has also played a vital role in determining the ways mobile phones and computers recognize Chinese characters.”可知,选项给出的这四段中,只有第八段讲的是发明拼音的意义:提高国民识字率、有利于数字化技术普及。故选D项。
C
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在生活中,我们经常容易陷入比较陷阱,从而影响自己。专家建议我们要关注自己,和自己比较。
8.D　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“Although comparing can be good for you,it’s not always helpful and you can find yourself stuck in a comparison trap.This is when you always measure yourself against others and base your feelings on how well they seem to be doing.”可知,比较陷阱会让我们总是把自己的感受建立在别人的成就上。
9.B　推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“‘Comparing up’ means seeing someone doing better than you and using that to inspire yourself to aim higher and try harder.However,...well,says Goddard-Hill,but it can also stop you wanting to improve.”可知,攀比和比差都既有优点又有缺点。
10.A　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Finally,focus on your own achievements and how you can improve.‘The best person you can compete with is yourself,’ says Goddard-Hill.”可知,Becky Goddard-Hill建议我们与自己竞争,力争做最好的自己就好。
11.C　推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“Becky Goddard-Hill is a child therapist (someone who helps children understand their feelings) and author of Create Your Own Confidence.She says that comparisons can make us feel good and bad about ourselves.”可知,文章主要讲述的是比较会让我们陷入比较陷阱,从而产生心理问题,所以这篇文章选自健康专栏。
D
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍一种加工废食用油的DIY的方法。
12.B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Biodiesel can be created from waste vegetable oil or animal fats,which you can collect free from restaurants,or you can grow soybeans (大豆) to press your own oil.”可知,生物柴油需要的材料可以从餐馆免费收集获得。
13.B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Process the oil with a couple of chemicals to produce homemade fuel that can run any device—including pickups,cars,and home heating systems.”可知,作者对于生物柴油的使用是乐观的,积极的。
14.D　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Water is not your friend when making biodiesel,so you’ll need to remove it by heating the oil and allowing the contaminants (污染物) to settle to the bottom before you pour the oil of the top.”可知,制造生物柴油时,不需要水,选项A错误;根据最后一段“Home biodiesel production is not without risks.Making your own fuel will require great attention to detail and safety.Now you know the basics of how to make biodiesel,but you’ll need to research carefully before you begin production.”可知,家用生物柴油的生产有一定的风险,选项B错误;制造自己的燃料需要非常注意细节,选项C错误;在开始生产之前你需要仔细研究生产过程,即说明这种方法需要改进。故选D项。
15.D　主旨大意题。通读全文,根据第一段“Homemade biodiesel(生物柴油) helps you speed past the gas station towards fuel independence.Our expert outlines processing used cooking oil in a small DIY plant.”同时结合第三段中描述DIY的过程,可知,本文主要介绍一种加工废食用油的DIY的方法。
Ⅱ.
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章提出了一些保持大脑健康的小措施。
1.F　下文“As the population ages,the challenges for the preservation of brain health increase.It is therefore vital for seniors to understand how to protect it.”指出保护大脑健康至关重要,推测其原因应该是大脑健康对人们而言很重要。选项F指出保持大脑健康是追求健康的首要目的,与下文联系紧密,符合语境。故选F项。
2.E　上文“Multiple studies show that physically active people are less likely to experience a decline in their mental function and have a lower risk of developing brain disease.”指出,运动活跃的人患脑部疾病的风险较低。选项E则指出这类人患病风险低的原因是血液循环的增加,前后文构成因果关系,符合语境。故选E项。
3.C　上文“Having a nap after lunch can be good for your brain and many seniors have developed such a good habit for long.”指出午休对大脑健康好;下文“While a 30-min to 90-min nap has brain benefits,anything longer than an hour and a half may create problems with cognition,the ability to think and form memories.”指出,虽然午睡好,但是超过一个半小时的午睡会导致认知等方面的问题,这说明午睡虽重要,但要注意时长。选项C正好指出午睡时长很重要,符合语境。故选C项。
4.A　下文“Your brain is similar to a muscle—you need to use it or lose it.There are many things that you can do to keep your brain in shape,such as doing crossword puzzles,reading,or playing cards.”指出,大脑也需要通过填字游戏等活动保持其活跃,而大脑活跃就是一种精神层面的活跃。选项A指出要保持精神活跃,与下文联系紧密,符合语境。故选A项。
5.G　下文“However,we at least know that omega fatty acids found in olive oil and other healthy fats are vital for your cells to function correctly.”指出了已知的一些对大脑健康有帮助的食物。选项G指出,究竟是饮食中的哪部分对大脑帮助最大还有待进一步研究,而下文却提出了几种已知有帮助的食物,前后文存在转折关系,也用副词However“然而”进行过渡了,上下文联系紧密,符合语境。故选G项。
词汇积累:　
1.(A)given prep.考虑到
2.(A)anniversary n.周年纪念(日)
3.(B)shift v.变换,变动
4.(B)dramatically adv.戏剧性地
5.(B)innovation n.创新
6.(B)take on 承担,接受
7.(B)abandon vt.放弃
8.(C)comparison n.比较
9.(C)trap n.陷阱
10.(七选五)nervous adj.神经系统的
11.(七选五)age vi.变老
12.(七选五)vital adj.至关重要的
熟词生义:
1.(A)cover n.封面
2.(C)measure vt.估量,判定
3.(C)knock vt.打击
4.(D)press vt.榨油
长难句分析:
If you’re collecting used cooking oil from restaurants,expect that 20 percent of the material you gather will be water and bits of fried food.
分析:本句为主从复合句,“If you’re collecting used cooking oil from restaurants”为If引导的条件状语从句;“that 20 percent of the material you gather will be water and bits of fried food”为that引导的宾语从句;you gather为定语从句。
句意:如果你从餐馆收集用过的食用油,预计你收集的材料中有20%是水和油炸食品的残渣。
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