2024年课标版高考英语第二轮专题练习--七选五　考点分类练2　词汇复现类（含答案与解析）

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2024年课标版高考英语第二轮专题
考点分类练(二)　词汇复现类
(限时:25分钟)
Passage 1
(2023四川成都适应性模拟)
In your life,sometimes you may be asked to speak in front of a large group of people.Although it sounds a little scary,even those with stage fright can speak successfully to the group with adequate preparation.
Practice your speech before the big day.　1　 If possible,practice the speech in front of a friend or a family member to get used to saying it to real people.If you feel you must have note cards,limit the amount to about three cards.This will force you to keep your speech concise and help you keep your eyes focused on your audience.
Remember why you’ve been invited to speak.If you’re battling fear over speaking to a large group of people,keep your mind on the fact that you were selected for this important role.The speech organizers must have seen something valuable in you or your expertise.
　2　
Remember that fear of public speaking is very common.　3　 Most of the people in the audience would be feeling the same fear and stress that you do in your position.Knowing this may make you feel better.
　4　 What you say should be tailored to why you’re there and who you’re speaking to in order to avoid sounding general.If speaking to a charity group,mention the good work certain specific individuals have done for the cause.If speaking at a business conference,briefly state why you want to help these people.
Keep eye contact with the crowd.　5　 Pick one person in each section and look at him while you’re speaking.After each important point in your speech,switch your focus to another section.When you focus only on one person at a time,the size of the crowd isn’t as frightening.
A.A good memory is really helpful.
B.Show appreciation to your audience.
C.Mention your audience in your speech.
D.The more you have it memorized,the better.
E.In fact,it’s normal to feel nervous or stressed out before a big speech.
F.Separate the crowd into three sections mentally as you get up to speak.
G.The knowledge of other people’s respect for you should reduce some of the fear.
Passage 2
(2023广东湛江二模)
Many people describe volunteering as merely an unpaid job where you put in the effort and get nothing in return.　1　Actually,volunteering has many benefits and you are always encouraged to volunteer your time to do what you are passionate about.
　2　 Volunteering time to enrich your community is a great way to broaden your perceptions of the world.It will enrich your life,familiarize you with your community,and connect you to people and ideas that will positively impact your perspective for the rest of your life.And by surrounding yourself with people who are dedicated to making the world better,you can learn so much about how the world works.
It is statistically proven that people who volunteer regularly are healthier both physically and mentally.Individuals who have volunteered throughout their lifetime typically live longer and have better psychological well-being.In addition to the health benefits,volunteering gives people a unique sense of purpose by serving those around them.　3　
Besides,working alongside individuals who also care about improving their surroundings will allow you to broaden your network of friends.　4　Additionally,it will help you better understand the circumstances of other members.
Whether you’re passionate about animal rights or helping the homeless,you can find a valuable way to donate your time.　5　They can be a great place to find opportunities to give back to the place you call home.Besides,you can check websites like Volunteer-Match or Idealist for volunteer opportunities that fit your interests and abilities.
A.However,it is not true to a certain extent.
B.How can you get involved in your community
C.Many towns and cities have community centers.
D.Why is it important for you to volunteer your time
E.Volunteering may even help you develop the expertise.
F.You’ll have more opportunities to meet lots of new people.
G.The sense of giving back and contributing to society is unequalled.
Passage 3
(2023四川成都二诊)
Real policemen hardly recognize any resemblance between their lives and what they see on TV.
　1　He has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court.He has to know nearly as much law as a professional lawyer,and what is more,he has to apply it on his feet,in the dark and rain,running down a street after someone he wants to talk to.
　2　 He will spend most of his working life typing millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad,unimportant people who are guilty of stupid crimes.
Most television crime drama is about finding the criminal:as soon as he’s arrested,the story is over.　3　 Except in very serious cases like murders and terrorist attacks,little effort is spent on searching.
A third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant pressures:First,as members of a police force,they always have to behave absolutely in accordance with the law.　4　 They can hardly ever do both.Most of the time some of them have to break the rules in small ways.
If the detective has to deceive the world,the world often deceives him.　5　 And this separation the detective feels between himself and the rest of the world is deepened by the simple-mindedness—as he sees it—of citizens,social workers,doctors,law-makers,and judges,who,instead of eliminating crime,punish the criminals less severely in the hope that this will make them reform.
A.He can’t get any evidence from the witnesses.
B.In real life,finding criminals is seldom much of a problem.
C.Little of his time is spent in chatting.
D.Sometimes he can chat with others to relax himself.
E.Second,as expensive public servants,they have to get results.
F.The first difference is that a policeman’s real life revolves round criminal law.
G.Hardly anyone he meets tells him the truth.
Passage 4
(2023河北张家口二模)
Want to lower your blood pressure,lose weight and reduce the risk of diseases Go take a walk.
Walking,as a simple activity most of us do without much thought,offers a host of vital health benefits.　1　 It also contributes to improved bone strength,energy and mental health,among other things.Despite these advantages,our busy lives can be roadblocks.But there are simple ways to help you put one foot in front of the other.
Make it a habit.　2　 For busy folks who might forget to walk,you’d better put it in your calendar.Laterally give yourself an appointment—schedule it as “me time”.Over time,you will make walking one of your habits.
　3　 To avoid predictability or boredom,get others to join you.Whether it’s a co-worker,a family member or a friend,having someone else by your side can be a big encouragement.
Make it work.Office types needn’t be confined (限制) to your desks.If circumstances allow,consider a walking meeting.Group discussions can take place during a walk.Or,when you can,walk around the building during phone calls.　4　
Make use of technology.There’s no shortage of high tech fitness tools and apps designed to follow your every move.And it’s certainly fine to keep score.　5　 Instead,use those that count the amount of time you’re walking ideally 10 minutes or more in a given stretch.
With these tips to help you,you are sure to benefit a lot from walking.
A.Make it a group outing.
B.Make it a family activity.
C.Repetition is the mother of routine.
D.Seeing these scores can get you inspired.
E.And instead of sending email,walk over to talk to them.
F.But don’t choose trackers that simply monitor your step numbers.
G.For example,walking just 30 minutes a day can lower your risk of cancer.
答案：
Passage 1
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要就如何在众人面前克服恐惧,进行成功的演讲提出了若干建议。
1.D　根据上文“Practice your speech before the big day.”可知,在重要日子到来之前,练习你的演讲。故该空对上文做补充说明,指出练习是为了记得更好。故选D项。
2.G　根据上文“Remember why you’ve been invited...valuable in you or your expertise.”可知,上文提到演讲组织者一定是看中了你的价值或是你的专业知识才邀请你的,故该空承接上文,说明这一行为的影响:其他人会因此对你尊敬,你也会减少一些恐惧。故选G项。
3.E　根据上文“Remember that fear of public speaking is very common.”可知,上文指出公开演讲的害怕是非常普遍的,该空承接上文,即说明在重要的演讲之前,感到紧张或是有压力是正常的。故选E项。
4.C　根据下文“What you say should be tailored...briefly state why you want to help these people.”可知,这一段主要讲了在演讲中,要提到你的听众。故选C项。
5.F　根据下文“Pick one person in each section...the size of the crowd isn’t as frightening.”可知,下文提到了section,可与F项中three sections对应,说明把人群分为三个部分。故选F项。
Passage 2
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些志愿服务的好处。
1.A　根据空前“Many people describe volunteering as merely an unpaid job where you put in the effort and get nothing in return.”可知,A项“However,it is not true to a certain extent.”作为过渡句,表示与上句的转折关系,其中it指代的就是上句提到的内容,且空后“Actually,volunteering has many benefits and you are always encouraged to volunteer your time to do what you are passionate about.”也是对A项的进一步解释。
2.D　根据本段空后内容可知,此处是在具体解释志愿服务的好处,这也是对D项“Why is it important for you to volunteer your time ”问题的回答。
3.G　根据空前“In addition to the health benefits,volunteering gives people a unique sense of purpose by serving those around them.”可知,此处的这种独特的使命感指的就是G项“The sense of giving back and contributing to society is unequalled.”中的回馈社会和为社会做贡献的感觉,且sense为词义复现。
4.F　根据空前“Besides,working alongside individuals who also care about improving their surroundings will allow you to broaden your network of friends.”可知,扩大朋友圈就是意味着交更多朋友,这与F项“You’ll have more opportunities to meet lots of new people.”内容一致。
5.C　根据空后“They can be a great place to find opportunities to give back to the place you call home.”可知,此处的“They”指的就是C项“Many towns and cities have community centers.”中community centers。建议人们可以去社区中心开展志愿服务工作,符合上下文语境。
Passage 3
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍的是现实生活中的警察与电视上的警察的不同之处。
1.F　首段为本文的总述,讲述的是现实中的警察与电视上的警察几乎没有什么相似之处。根据下文“He has to know exactly what actions are crimes and what evidence can be used to prove them in court.He has to know nearly as much law as a professional lawyer,and what is more”并结合第五段首句“A third big difference between the drama detective and the real one is the unpleasant pressures”的提示可知,此空应为分述第一点区别,F项讲述的为第一点区别,符合文章结构特点。故选F项。
2.C　根据下文“He will spend most of his working life typing millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad,unimportant people who are guilty of stupid crimes.”可知,第二点区别应该是现实生活中警察的时间如何度过的。C项讲述的内容与下文一致。故选C项。
3.B　根据下文“Except in very serious cases like murders and terrorist attacks,little effort is spent on searching.”可知,除了在谋杀和恐怖袭击等非常严重的案件中,真正的警察很少花时间在搜索犯人上。由此可推断,此空处与寻找罪犯有关系,B项中的finding criminals与空后的searching讲述的内容一致,符合语境。故选B项。
4.E　根据上文“First,as members of a police force,they always have to behave absolutely in accordance with the law.”可知,此处讲述的是首先作为警员他们要守法;结合空后的“They can hardly ever do both.”可知,此空处应分析警察的第二种行为标准。E项中的Second承接上文中的First,且内容一致,均是讲述现实中警察的行为标准,符合语境。故选E项。
5.G　根据上文“If the detective has to deceive the world,the world often deceives him.”可知,此处讲述的是关于“欺骗”话题。G项讲述的是没人告诉他们真相,也属于欺骗,符合语境。故选G项。
Passage 4
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说、、、、、、、明文。文章主要介绍了步行的好处以及一些简单但是能够帮助你多走路的方法。
1.G　根据上文“Walking,as a simple activity most of us do without much thought,offers a host of vital health benefits.”可知,本段主要讲述的是步行带来的好处。G项“For example,walking just 30 minutes a day can lower your risk of cancer.”符合语境。
2.C　根据本段主旨句“Make it a habit.”可知,本段建议让走路成为一种习惯。C项中的“routine”和“habit”对应。故选C项。
3.A　根据下文“To avoid predictability or boredom,get others to join you.”可知,本段建议人们为了避免枯燥无聊,让别人加入。A项“Make it a group outing.”符合语境。
4.E　根据上文“Office types needn’t be confined...walk around the building during phone calls.”可知,本段内容建议工作期间人们的活动范围不要局限于办公桌附近,要尝试大家一起散步,从而在散步中解决问题,也可以在打电话时迈开步子,所以此处也是建议人们离开办公桌多步行。E项“And instead of sending email,walk over to talk to them.”符合语境。
5.F　根据段落主题句“Make use of technology.”可知,本段建议人们使用高科技健身工具和应用程序来进行监测,因此F项“But don’t choose trackers that simply monitor your step numbers.”符合语境,和后句内容形成对比。
词汇积累:
1.(Passage 1)scary adj.吓人的
2.(Passage 1)stage fright 怯场
3.(Passage 1)adequate adj.足够的,适当的
4.(Passage 1)concise adj.简洁的
5.(Passage 1)battle vt.与……作斗争
6.(Passage 1)switch vt.改变
7.(Passage 2)in return作为回报
8.(Passage 2)be passionate about对于……很热情
9.(Passage 2)be dedicated to致力于,献身于
10.(Passage 2)surround yourself with喜欢结交(某类人)
11.(Passage 3)resemblance n.相似
12.(Passage 3)apply vt.使用,应用
13.(Passage 3)deepen vt.加深
14.(Passage 3)eliminate vt.消除
15.(Passage 3)witness n.目击者
16.(Passage 4)circumstance n.情况
长难句分析:
(Passage 1)If you’re battling fear over speaking to a large group of people,keep your mind on the fact that you were selected for this important role.
分析:本句为复合句。If you’re battling fear over speaking to a large group of people为if引导的条件状语从句;that you were selected for this important role为同位语从句,修饰the fact。
句意:如果你正在为与一大群人交谈而努力使自己不害怕,那就把注意力放在你被选中担任这个重要角色的事实上。
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