2024年课标版高考英语第二轮专题练习--阅读理解 考点分类练4 推理判断题(2)（含答案与解析）
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2024年课标版高考英语第二轮专题
考点分类练(四) 推理判断题(2)
(限时:25分钟)
Passage 1
(2023安徽淮南二模)
From the time I was a young girl,all I wanted was to play outside.I used the ferns (蕨类植物) in my childhood backyard to raise myself up muddy Pacific Northwest slopes (斜坡),sat by the edge of the property’s wooded stream and imagined it was a winding river.
Hours were spent on horseback,prepared with bags and snacks to ride the same path over and over,always dreaming up a new experience.As an adult,my interests are consistent,though the landscape has shifted.For the last four years,I have had the opportunity to explore our Earth’s most remote cold water locations as an underwater videographer and ocean-focused naturalist,developing an appreciation and understanding for challenging corners of the globe.Though my travels have taken me from Antarctica to the Arctic,it’s the temperate in-between that captivates me.During the last four years,Southeast Alaska,particularly the Inian Islands in its incredible wildness and productivity,has stolen my attention.My name is Alyssa Adler,I am the Inian Islands Institute’s 2019 Scientist in Residence and National Geographic grant recipient for project Tall Trees in Cold Seas.
The natural beauty of the Inians is pure,but the environment works for it.Massive rushing tides (潮水) flood the Hobbit Hole twice daily,like an angry river.Sometimes I learn some meaningful and useful lessons the hard way.Transportation of extensive dive equipment required the help of people in Ketchikan,Gustavus and other places.These lessons only allow my respect for this region to the full,teaching me how to be successful.I need to learn and understand the power and network of Southeast Alaska,both in the water and out.It’s all worth it to roll into the salty Pacific Ocean,turn on my cameras as I sink to the seafloor,and shine my lights on early spring in the Inian Islands.
1.What is the purpose of the first paragraph
A.To share an amazing story.
B.To introduce a unique plant.
C.To suggest a special river.
D.To explain the author’s wish.
2.What does the underlined word “captivate” mean in paragraph 2
A.Surprise. B.Discourage.
C.Worry. D.Attract.
3.What do you think of Alyssa Adler’s job
A.Boring. B.Demanding.
C.Challenging. D.Well-paid.
4.What message does the text convey
A.Love breaks down barriers.
B.Hard work finally pays off.
C.Ups and downs make one strong.
D.Enthusiasm fuels devotion.
Passage 2
(2023广东湛江二模)
As you walk around the UK in March,you might notice that some people are wearing a daffodil(水仙花) on their coats.The British wear these yellow flowers to show they support one of this country’s best-known charities:the Marie Curie Cancer Care.
The Marie Curie Cancer Care tries to ensure everyone diagnosed with cancer is cared for in the best possible way.It also helps fund research into possible cures through other organizations.Founded in 1948,it has been continuing with its goal ever since.
The charity was named after Marie Curie,a renowned scientist.She experimented with newly-discovered elements to create the theory of radioactivity.Unfortunately,over-exposure to the radioactive elements made her develop a disease and die in 1934.Marie Curie won the Nobel Prize in two different fields.Because of her pioneering work which led to chemotherapy (化学疗法),the charity shared the name of Marie Curie.
The daffodil is one of the first plants to flower during spring in the UK,which marks the return of flowering plants to the ecosystem after winter.Because of this,the charity uses the daffodil as a metaphor for bringing life to other people through charitable giving.
Everyone you see wearing a daffodil has donated money to the charity,but each daffodil is worth only what you want to pay for it.The charity does ask that you stick to a minimum amount of ￡1.
The charity encourages people to start wearing their daffodils at the start of March,when the “Great Daffodil Appeal” kicks off.But that doesn’t mean you can only wear them in March.People are sometimes seen walking around with daffodils on their clothes all year round.
5.What does it mean when the British wear a daffodil on their coats
A.They support a charity.
B.They are recovering from cancer.
C.They’ve been helped by a charity.
D.They’ve been diagnosed with cancer.
6.What does the underlined word “renowned” in paragraph 3 mean
A.Beautiful. B.Modest.
C.Famous. D.Humorous.
7.Why was the charity named after Marie Curie
A.Because patients required that.
B.Because it was launched by her.
C.Because she greatly supported it.
D.Because it could show respect for her.
8.What can we learn about the daffodil from the text
A.It can be used as medicine.
B.It’s thought to stand for hope.
C.It’s widely worn worldwide.
D.It’s sold to the wearers at a high price.
Passage 3
(2023陕西渭南一模)
Many studies have shown the learning-by-teaching effect.Students who spend time teaching what they’ve learned show better understanding and ability to remember knowledge than students who simply spend the same time re-studying.But why does teaching help
Researchers did a study to test their idea that teaching improves the teacher’s learning because it forces the teacher to find back what they’ve learned.They asked 124 students to spend ten minutes studying a text with numbers on a topic which is completely new to them.They told the students they could take notes while studying,but would teach the material afterwards without notes.After studying the text,the students were divided into four groups.In one group the students spent five minutes giving a lesson on the study material without notes.The other groups either spent the same time completing arithmetic(算术) problems,teaching with a script(讲稿) or writing down all they could remember from the text—a form of recalling practice.A week later,all the students took a surprise test of their knowledge and understanding of the text.
The important finding is that the teaching-without-notes group and the recalling-practice group performed better than the group that completed arithmetic problems and the group that taught with a script.
The researchers said the result shows that the benefits of the learning-by-teaching method are caused by recalling practice;that is,the learning-by-teaching method works only when the teaching includes recalling the taught materials.
The new findings have a practical suggestion for how the learning-by-teaching method is used in education.In order to make sure that students learn and remember an educational material,they should internalize(内化) the material before presenting it to others,rather than depend on notes during the presentation process.
9.Why does the author give a question in paragraph 1
A.To look for readers’ answer.
B.To introduce the topic.
C.To keep a sense of mystery.
D.To show off his knowledge.
10.What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A.Why the study started.
B.How the study was done.
C.How many people joined in the study.
D.What conclusion the researchers made.
11.What should be stressed in school education according to the author
A.Previewing-by-teaching.
B.Note-taking.
C.Learning-by-teaching.
D.Mind-mapping.
12.Where is the text probably from
A.A history textbook. B.A newspaper.
C.A guideline. D.A detective novel.
答案：
Passage 1
[语篇解读]本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者讲述了自己对于工作的热情,尽管工作充满挑战,仍旧充满激情。
1.D 推理判断题。根据第一段“From the time I was a young girl...sat by the edge of the property’s wooded stream and imagined it was a winding river.”可知,本段主要讲述了作者的愿望,其目的是解释作者的愿望。
2.D 词义猜测题。根据第二段的“Though my travels have taken me from Antarctica to the Arctic”可知,主从句是转折关系,因此推断此处意为“吸引我的是中间的温和性”。故画线词与D项“吸引”意思相近。
3.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Sometimes I learn some meaningful and useful lessons the hard...seafloor,and shine my lights on early spring in the Inian Islands.”可知,Alyssa Adler工作不容易,有时候很艰难。由此推知,Alyssa Adler的工作具有挑战性。
4.D 推理判断题。根据第二段的“Hours were spent on horseback,prepared with bags and snacks to ride the same path over and over,always dreaming up a new experience.As an adult,my interests are consistent,though the landscape has shifted.”可知,作者对旅行充满激情;结合第三段的“It’s all worth it to roll into the salty Pacific Ocean,turn on my cameras as I sink to the seafloor,and shine my lights on early spring in the Inian Islands.”可推断,作者对工作的激情激发了奉献精神。
Passage 2
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。在三月,很多英国人会戴着水仙花,以此来表示他们支持一个慈善机构:玛丽·居里癌症护理中心。文章介绍了该慈善机构,科学家居里夫人及其成就。
5.A 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“The British wear these yellow flowers to show they support one of this country’s best-known charities:the Marie Curie Cancer Care.”可知,英国人在外套上戴水仙花代表支持一个慈善机构。
6.C 词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“The charity was named after Marie Curie,”和后文“Because of her pioneering work which led to chemotherapy,the charity shared the name of Marie Curie.”可知,科学家玛丽·居里很出名,画线单词意为“著名的”。
7.D 推理判断题。根据第三段的“Because of her pioneering work which led to chemotherapy,the charity shared the name of Marie Curie.”可知,该慈善机构以Marie Curie命名是为了对这位伟大的科学家表示尊敬。
8.B 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“Because of this,the charity uses the daffodil as a metaphor for bringing life to other people through charitable giving.”可知,水仙花被认为代表着希望。
Passage 3
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项重要的研究,研究发现学生在教学中学习更有助于增强学习效果。
9.B 推理判断题。根据第一段第二句话“Students who spend time teaching what they’ve learned show better understanding and ability to remember knowledge than students who simply spend the same time re-studying.”和第二段第一句话可知,本篇文章主要讲述在教学中学习更能增强学生的学习效果。由此可知,第一段提出问题的原因在于进一步介绍本篇文章的主题。故选B项。
10.B 主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“They asked 124 students to spend ten minutes studying a text with numbers on a topic which is completely new to them.”“After studying the text,the students were divided into four groups.”以及“A week later,all the students took a surprise test of their knowledge and understanding of the text.”可知,第二段主要介绍实验的过程,也就是这个实验是怎么做的。故选B项。
11.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,作者认为在教学中学习有利于教育实践,学生应该在教学中学习。由此可推知,在学校教育中,应该强调的是在教学中学习。故选C项。
12.B 推理判断题。文章主要讲述了一项重要的研究,研究发现学生在教学中学习更有助于增强学习效果。所以此文章最有可能出自报纸。故选B项。
词汇积累:
1.(Passage 1)over and over 反复,再三
2.(Passage 1)dream up虚构出,凭空想出
3.(Passage 1)consistent adj.始终如一的,一贯的
4.(Passage 1)incredible adj.难以置信的
5.(Passage 1)to the full 充分地,完全地
6.(Passage 2)be diagnosed with被诊断为
7.(Passage 2)be named after以……命名
8.(Passage 2)stick to遵守
9.(Passage 3)take notes 记笔记
10.(Passage 3)present v.展现,显示
熟词生义:
1.(Passage 1)steal vt.赢得
2.(Passage 2)flower vi.开花
长难句分析:
(Passage 3)Students who spend time teaching what they’ve learned show better understanding and ability to remember knowledge than students who simply spend the same time re-studying.
分析:本句为复合句。who spend time teaching what they’ve learned为定语从句,修饰先行词Students;其中what引导宾语从句,what在从句中作learned的宾语;and为并列连词,连接并列的宾语better understanding和ability;to remember knowledge为动词不定式作定语,修饰ability;who simply spend the same time re-studying为定语从句,修饰先行词students。
句意:花时间教授他们所学知识的学生比那些只花同样时间重新学习的学生表现出更好的理解和记忆能力。
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2024年课标版高考英语第二轮专题
考点分类练(四) 推理判断题(2)
(限时:25分钟)
Passage 1
(2023安徽淮南二模)
From the time I was a young girl,all I wanted was to play outside.I used the ferns (蕨类植物) in my childhood backyard to raise myself up muddy Pacific Northwest slopes (斜坡),sat by the edge of the property’s wooded stream and imagined it was a winding river.
Hours were spent on horseback,prepared with bags and snacks to ride the same path over and over,always dreaming up a new experience.As an adult,my interests are consistent,though the landscape has shifted.For the last four years,I have had the opportunity to explore our Earth’s most remote cold water locations as an underwater videographer and ocean-focused naturalist,developing an appreciation and understanding for challenging corners of the globe.Though my travels have taken me from Antarctica to the Arctic,it’s the temperate in-between that captivates me.During the last four years,Southeast Alaska,particularly the Inian Islands in its incredible wildness and productivity,has stolen my attention.My name is Alyssa Adler,I am the Inian Islands Institute’s 2019 Scientist in Residence and National Geographic grant recipient for project Tall Trees in Cold Seas.
The natural beauty of the Inians is pure,but the environment works for it.Massive rushing tides (潮水) flood the Hobbit Hole twice daily,like an angry river.Sometimes I learn some meaningful and useful lessons the hard way.Transportation of extensive dive equipment required the help of people in Ketchikan,Gustavus and other places.These lessons only allow my respect for this region to the full,teaching me how to be successful.I need to learn and understand the power and network of Southeast Alaska,both in the water and out.It’s all worth it to roll into the salty Pacific Ocean,turn on my cameras as I sink to the seafloor,and shine my lights on early spring in the Inian Islands.
1.What is the purpose of the first paragraph
A.To share an amazing story.
B.To introduce a unique plant.
C.To suggest a special river.
D.To explain the author’s wish.
2.What does the underlined word “captivate” mean in paragraph 2
A.Surprise. B.Discourage.
C.Worry. D.Attract.
3.What do you think of Alyssa Adler’s job
A.Boring. B.Demanding.
C.Challenging. D.Well-paid.
4.What message does the text convey
A.Love breaks down barriers.
B.Hard work finally pays off.
C.Ups and downs make one strong.
D.Enthusiasm fuels devotion.
Passage 2
(2023广东湛江二模)
As you walk around the UK in March,you might notice that some people are wearing a daffodil(水仙花) on their coats.The British wear these yellow flowers to show they support one of this country’s best-known charities:the Marie Curie Cancer Care.
The Marie Curie Cancer Care tries to ensure everyone diagnosed with cancer is cared for in the best possible way.It also helps fund research into possible cures through other organizations.Founded in 1948,it has been continuing with its goal ever since.
The charity was named after Marie Curie,a renowned scientist.She experimented with newly-discovered elements to create the theory of radioactivity.Unfortunately,over-exposure to the radioactive elements made her develop a disease and die in 1934.Marie Curie won the Nobel Prize in two different fields.Because of her pioneering work which led to chemotherapy (化学疗法),the charity shared the name of Marie Curie.
The daffodil is one of the first plants to flower during spring in the UK,which marks the return of flowering plants to the ecosystem after winter.Because of this,the charity uses the daffodil as a metaphor for bringing life to other people through charitable giving.
Everyone you see wearing a daffodil has donated money to the charity,but each daffodil is worth only what you want to pay for it.The charity does ask that you stick to a minimum amount of ￡1.
The charity encourages people to start wearing their daffodils at the start of March,when the “Great Daffodil Appeal” kicks off.But that doesn’t mean you can only wear them in March.People are sometimes seen walking around with daffodils on their clothes all year round.
5.What does it mean when the British wear a daffodil on their coats
A.They support a charity.
B.They are recovering from cancer.
C.They’ve been helped by a charity.
D.They’ve been diagnosed with cancer.
6.What does the underlined word “renowned” in paragraph 3 mean
A.Beautiful. B.Modest.
C.Famous. D.Humorous.
7.Why was the charity named after Marie Curie
A.Because patients required that.
B.Because it was launched by her.
C.Because she greatly supported it.
D.Because it could show respect for her.
8.What can we learn about the daffodil from the text
A.It can be used as medicine.
B.It’s thought to stand for hope.
C.It’s widely worn worldwide.
D.It’s sold to the wearers at a high price.
Passage 3
(2023陕西渭南一模)
Many studies have shown the learning-by-teaching effect.Students who spend time teaching what they’ve learned show better understanding and ability to remember knowledge than students who simply spend the same time re-studying.But why does teaching help
Researchers did a study to test their idea that teaching improves the teacher’s learning because it forces the teacher to find back what they’ve learned.They asked 124 students to spend ten minutes studying a text with numbers on a topic which is completely new to them.They told the students they could take notes while studying,but would teach the material afterwards without notes.After studying the text,the students were divided into four groups.In one group the students spent five minutes giving a lesson on the study material without notes.The other groups either spent the same time completing arithmetic(算术) problems,teaching with a script(讲稿) or writing down all they could remember from the text—a form of recalling practice.A week later,all the students took a surprise test of their knowledge and understanding of the text.
The important finding is that the teaching-without-notes group and the recalling-practice group performed better than the group that completed arithmetic problems and the group that taught with a script.
The researchers said the result shows that the benefits of the learning-by-teaching method are caused by recalling practice;that is,the learning-by-teaching method works only when the teaching includes recalling the taught materials.
The new findings have a practical suggestion for how the learning-by-teaching method is used in education.In order to make sure that students learn and remember an educational material,they should internalize(内化) the material before presenting it to others,rather than depend on notes during the presentation process.
9.Why does the author give a question in paragraph 1
A.To look for readers’ answer.
B.To introduce the topic.
C.To keep a sense of mystery.
D.To show off his knowledge.
10.What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A.Why the study started.
B.How the study was done.
C.How many people joined in the study.
D.What conclusion the researchers made.
11.What should be stressed in school education according to the author
A.Previewing-by-teaching.
B.Note-taking.
C.Learning-by-teaching.
D.Mind-mapping.
12.Where is the text probably from
A.A history textbook. B.A newspaper.
C.A guideline. D.A detective novel.
答案：
Passage 1
[语篇解读]本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者讲述了自己对于工作的热情,尽管工作充满挑战,仍旧充满激情。
1.D 推理判断题。根据第一段“From the time I was a young girl...sat by the edge of the property’s wooded stream and imagined it was a winding river.”可知,本段主要讲述了作者的愿望,其目的是解释作者的愿望。
2.D 词义猜测题。根据第二段的“Though my travels have taken me from Antarctica to the Arctic”可知,主从句是转折关系,因此推断此处意为“吸引我的是中间的温和性”。故画线词与D项“吸引”意思相近。
3.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“Sometimes I learn some meaningful and useful lessons the hard...seafloor,and shine my lights on early spring in the Inian Islands.”可知,Alyssa Adler工作不容易,有时候很艰难。由此推知,Alyssa Adler的工作具有挑战性。
4.D 推理判断题。根据第二段的“Hours were spent on horseback,prepared with bags and snacks to ride the same path over and over,always dreaming up a new experience.As an adult,my interests are consistent,though the landscape has shifted.”可知,作者对旅行充满激情;结合第三段的“It’s all worth it to roll into the salty Pacific Ocean,turn on my cameras as I sink to the seafloor,and shine my lights on early spring in the Inian Islands.”可推断,作者对工作的激情激发了奉献精神。
Passage 2
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。在三月,很多英国人会戴着水仙花,以此来表示他们支持一个慈善机构:玛丽·居里癌症护理中心。文章介绍了该慈善机构,科学家居里夫人及其成就。
5.A 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“The British wear these yellow flowers to show they support one of this country’s best-known charities:the Marie Curie Cancer Care.”可知,英国人在外套上戴水仙花代表支持一个慈善机构。
6.C 词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“The charity was named after Marie Curie,”和后文“Because of her pioneering work which led to chemotherapy,the charity shared the name of Marie Curie.”可知,科学家玛丽·居里很出名,画线单词意为“著名的”。
7.D 推理判断题。根据第三段的“Because of her pioneering work which led to chemotherapy,the charity shared the name of Marie Curie.”可知,该慈善机构以Marie Curie命名是为了对这位伟大的科学家表示尊敬。
8.B 推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“Because of this,the charity uses the daffodil as a metaphor for bringing life to other people through charitable giving.”可知,水仙花被认为代表着希望。
Passage 3
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了一项重要的研究,研究发现学生在教学中学习更有助于增强学习效果。
9.B 推理判断题。根据第一段第二句话“Students who spend time teaching what they’ve learned show better understanding and ability to remember knowledge than students who simply spend the same time re-studying.”和第二段第一句话可知,本篇文章主要讲述在教学中学习更能增强学生的学习效果。由此可知,第一段提出问题的原因在于进一步介绍本篇文章的主题。故选B项。
10.B 主旨大意题。根据第二段中的“They asked 124 students to spend ten minutes studying a text with numbers on a topic which is completely new to them.”“After studying the text,the students were divided into four groups.”以及“A week later,all the students took a surprise test of their knowledge and understanding of the text.”可知,第二段主要介绍实验的过程,也就是这个实验是怎么做的。故选B项。
11.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段可知,作者认为在教学中学习有利于教育实践,学生应该在教学中学习。由此可推知,在学校教育中,应该强调的是在教学中学习。故选C项。
12.B 推理判断题。文章主要讲述了一项重要的研究,研究发现学生在教学中学习更有助于增强学习效果。所以此文章最有可能出自报纸。故选B项。
词汇积累:
1.(Passage 1)over and over 反复,再三
2.(Passage 1)dream up虚构出,凭空想出
3.(Passage 1)consistent adj.始终如一的,一贯的
4.(Passage 1)incredible adj.难以置信的
5.(Passage 1)to the full 充分地,完全地
6.(Passage 2)be diagnosed with被诊断为
7.(Passage 2)be named after以……命名
8.(Passage 2)stick to遵守
9.(Passage 3)take notes 记笔记
10.(Passage 3)present v.展现,显示
熟词生义:
1.(Passage 1)steal vt.赢得
2.(Passage 2)flower vi.开花
长难句分析:
(Passage 3)Students who spend time teaching what they’ve learned show better understanding and ability to remember knowledge than students who simply spend the same time re-studying.
分析:本句为复合句。who spend time teaching what they’ve learned为定语从句,修饰先行词Students;其中what引导宾语从句,what在从句中作learned的宾语;and为并列连词,连接并列的宾语better understanding和ability;to remember knowledge为动词不定式作定语,修饰ability;who simply spend the same time re-studying为定语从句,修饰先行词students。
句意:花时间教授他们所学知识的学生比那些只花同样时间重新学习的学生表现出更好的理解和记忆能力。
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