2024年课标版高考英语第二轮专题练习--阅读理解 考点分类练9 词句猜测题(3)（含答案与解析）
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2024年课标版高考英语第二轮专题
考点分类练(九) 词句猜测题(3)
(限时:25分钟)
Passage 1
(2023湖南衡阳二模)
Do you ever feel guilty for relaxing,even after you’ve worked hard all day Do you feel like you should be doing more despite working full hours and nearing burnout You may be experiencing productivity dysmorphia(生产力畸形).It is a way to describe the feeling of failing to recognize your accomplishments and wanting to continue doing more,even when you’re running on fumes.
Author Anna Codrea-Rado who wrote an article about productivity dysmorphia claimed “it is the pursuit of productivity that drives us to do more while robbing us of the ability to enjoy any success we might encounter along the way”.
Highly competitive and job-led culture contributes to constantly pursuing productivity that eats away at other areas of life.In fact,you’re often praised for putting productivity above your well-being.Remember how schools rewarded perfect attendance Similarly,companies prefer employees who get the maxi-mum work done while taking the fewest possible breaks.Rewards like these have strengthened that rest is bad and that being constantly at work is the right thing to do.
Plus,the problem isn’t that the boss tells them to do it,but rather that they internalize the need to always be productive even when they’re going some-where to enjoy leisure time.Habits like these may be born out of the social pressure to find self-worth in work achievements.
Some writers have even begun describing rest as productive,as if people should stop relaxing if it doesn’t improve performance in some way.Not only does this mindset make it difficult to view and celebrate your achievements,but it also pushes you to build your entire life around work.The only milestones that matter are achieving work goals.The worst part There’s no sense of fulfillment when you reach these goals.
1.What do the underlined words “running on fumes” mean in paragraph 1
A.Tired. B.Excited.
C.Satisfied. D.Disappointed.
2.Which is the reason for constantly pursuing productivity
A.Minor competitiveness.
B.Pressure from jobs.
C.Instructions from the boss.
D.Internalized needs.
3.Which may be an example of productivity dysmorphia
A.A man completes work in working hours.
B.A man enjoys leisure time with his family.
C.A woman works everywhere at anytime.
D.A woman stops for a relaxation regularly.
4.What is the author’s attitude towards the description of some writers
A.Favorable. B.Negative.
C.Unconcerned. D.Neutral.
Passage 2
(2023安徽蚌埠三模)
Wheat and corn are used to make bread,pizza and other delicious foods,but in a few years they could also power your car.Renewable biofuels could soon replace the harmful fossil fuels that we’re used to using.It’s now well established that fossil fuels are incredibly harmful to our health and the environment and they’re not renewable,either.When so many people rely on petrol and diesel(柴油) to power vehicles,it makes sense to develop a renewable alternative that’s easy to use.
That’s where biofuel comes in.The most common biofuel produced globally is ethanol(乙醇),and it’s used frequently in Brazil and the US,while biodiesel is more popular in Europe.However,first-generation biofuels like ethanol have got issues that need fixing before they can go mainstream.It currently takes more ethanol than gasoline to produce the same amount of energy,for instance.Production is expensive,and several parts of the process sometimes use fossil fuels,which means that some biofuels aren’t actually carbon-free.
Some environmental campaigners also say that it would be more useful to grow crops for food rather than biofuel,and that growing crops for biofuel can cause problems with soil loss and deforestation.Using land for fuel rather than food can lead to an increase in food prices,too,and can affect natural habitats.
Crop and fat-based biofunels may not be perfect,but those aren’t the only biofuels available.Some organisations are creating biofuels with algae(海藻) instead.This process uses water and land that often isn’t suitable for many other situations,so it doesn’t take up space that’s useful for food production,and it often has better yields(产量) than other types of biofuel components.
There’s plenty of development beyond algae,too.Some companies even use seaweed.Scientists are also working on plans that will be able to abstract biofuels from household waste,wood chips and other junk—a move that could massively increase the material that’s viable for biofuel production.These second-generation biofuels could make biofuel far cheaper and more accessible,and help cut emissions down.
5.Why are biofuels supposed to replace fossil fuels
A.Fossil fuels are difficult to produce.
B.Fossil fuels are harmful to vehicles.
C.Biofuels are economical and attainable.
D.Biofuels are eco-friendly and sustainable.
6.What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A.The potential of gasoline.
B.The advantages of biofuels.
C.The popularity of ethanol in Europe.
D.The problems with first-generation biofuels.
7.Why is algae used to create biofuels by some organisations
A.It can reduce soil loss.
B.It is often more productive.
C.It occupies no land to grow.
D.It helps to lower food prices.
8.What does the underlined word “viable” in the last paragraph probably mean
A.Stable. B.Durable.
C.Workable. D.Flexible.
Passage 3
(2023陕西西安三模)
In a major step forward for monitoring the biodiversity of marine(海洋的) systems,a new study published in the journal Environmental DNA details how Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute(MBARI) researchers are using autonomous underwater robots to sample environmental DNA(eDNA),which allows scientists to detect the presence of aquatic species from the tiny bits of genetic(遗传学的) material they leave behind.This “DNA soup” offers clues about biodiversity changes in sensitive areas and the presence of rare or endangered species—all critical to understanding and preserving a healthy ocean.
Researchers combined two novel autonomous platforms developed by MBARI for this study—the Long-Range Autonomous Underwater Vehicle(LRAUV) and the Environmental Sample Processor(ESP).The LRAUV can travel for weeks at a time and for hundreds of kilometers.It can enable more frequent sampling in remote sites than traditional research ships.The ESP is a robotic “laboratory-in-a-can” that filters(过滤) seawater and preserves eDNA for future study.By equipping an LRAUV with ESP technology,researchers can monitor the ocean better.
“We know that eDNA is an incredibly powerful tool for studying ocean communities,but we’ve been limited by what we can accomplish using expensive crewed research ships.Now,autonomous technology is helping us make better use of our time and resources to study previously unsurveyed regions of the ocean,” said Kobun Truelove,a biological oceanographer at MBARI and the lead author of the paper.
Marine biodiversity is a measure of the abundance of individuals and species in the ocean.This interconnected mixture of organisms supports food webs,produces the air we breathe,and regulates our climate.Autonomous tools like the LRAUV and ESP enable MBARI researchers to monitor changes in sensitive ecosystems in ways that were not possible previously.
“Ship-based research will continue to play an important role in oceanographic studies,but adding new autonomous technology to the toolkit will expand capacity for research,monitoring,and resource management,” said Truelove.
9.What do the underlined words “aquatic species” in paragraph 1 refer to
A.Those living in water.
B.Those growing near water.
C.Those becoming endangered.
D.Those consuming eDNA.
10.What can the LRAUV do
A.Filter seawater effectively.
B.Preserve eDNA for future study.
C.Travel for months at a time in the ocean.
D.Reach remote areas of the ocean frequently.
11.What can we infer from Truelove’s words
A.Autonomous technology is more economical and efficient.
B.Ship-based research is more time-saving and energy-saving.
C.Autonomous robots have entirely replaced traditional research ships.
D.Crewed research ships help researchers study new parts of the ocean.
12.What can be the best title for the text
A.Researchers Discover a “DNA Soup”
B.Autonomous Technology Needs Improving
C.Robots Sample eDNA to Monitor Ocean Health
D.The Biodiversity of the Ocean Needs Protection
答案：
Passage 1
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。本文说明了“生产力畸形”概念的产生,其形成的原因,以及对人们生活的影响。
1.A 词句猜测题。根据第一段的“Do you feel like you should be doing more despite working full hours and nearing burnout ”以及画线词上文“It is a way to describe the feeling of failing to recognize your accomplishments and wanting to continue doing more,even when you’re”可知,生产力畸形是在你极度疲劳的状态下,仍然想继续工作,对自己已完成的工作没有成就感的一种体验。故画线部分意思是“疲惫的”。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段的“Highly competitive and job-led culture contributes to constantly pursuing productivity that eats away at other areas of life.”和第四段的“Plus,the problem isn’t that the boss tells them to do it,but rather that they internalize the need to always be productive even when they’re going some-where to enjoy leisure time.”可知,内化的需求是我们不断追求生产力的原因。
3.C 推理判断题。根据第一段的“Do you feel like you should be doing more despite working full hours and nearing burnout You may be experiencing productivity dysmorphia.”可推知,文章对“生产力畸形”的解释——在极度疲劳的状态下,仍然想继续工作,对自己已完成的工作没有成就感,故而“无论何时何地都在工作”符合定义。
4.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段可推知,本文作者对一些作家的描述持否定态度。
Passage 2
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了可再生生物燃料目前存在的问题和好处,以及对它的展望。
5.D 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Renewable biofuels could soon replace the harmful fossil fuels...that’s easy to use.”可推知,化石燃料对我们的健康和环境有害,而且它们也是不可再生的,而生物燃料是环保和可持续的,所以要用生物燃料取代化石燃料。
6.D 主旨大意题。根据第二段中“However,first-generation biofuels like ethanol have got issues...which means that some biofuels aren’t actually carbon-free.”可知,第二段主要讲述了第一代生物燃料的问题。
7.B 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Some organisations are creating biofuels with algae instead...than other types of biofuel components.”可推知,用藻类制造生物燃料不会占用对粮食生产有用的空间,而且具有更好的产量,所以是效率更高。
8.C 词句猜测题。根据最后一段中画线单词前文“Scientists are also working on plans that will be able to abstract biofuels from household waste,wood chips and other junk—a move that could massively increase the material”可推知,此处应该是增加可用于生物燃料生产的材料,所以viable应该是“可行的”之意,和C项“Workable”意思相近。
Passage 3
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了对环境DNA进行采样以监测海洋健康的最新技术。
9.A 词句猜测题。根据上下文语境以及上文的“In a major step forward for monitoring the biodiversity of marine systems”可知,科学家监测的是海洋生物,所以画线词也应该指的是“海洋中的生物”。故选A项。
10.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The LRAUV can travel for weeks at a time and for hundreds of kilometers.It can enable more frequent sampling in remote sites than traditional research ships.”可知,远程自主水下航行器(LRAUV) 可以经常到达海洋的偏远地区。故选D项。
11.A 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Now,autonomous technology is helping us make better use of our time and resources to study previously unsurveyed regions of the ocean” 可知,自主技术更加经济、高效。故选A项。
12.C 主旨大意题。通读全文,特别是根据第一段中的“In a major step forward for monitoring the biodiversity of marine systems...leave behind.”可知,本文主要介绍了对环境DNA进行采样以监测海洋健康的最新技术。故选C项。
词汇积累:
1.(Passage 1)guilty adj.内疚的,羞愧的
2.(Passage 1)fail to do sth.未能做某事
3.(Passage 1)accomplishment n.成绩,成就
4.(Passage 1)pursuit n.追求
5.(Passage 1)rob sb.of sth.剥夺某人某物
6.(Passage 1)encounter vt.遇到,遭遇
7.(Passage 1)sense of fulfillment成就感
8.(Passage 2)alternative n.替代品
9.(Passage 2)take up 占据
10.(Passage 2)abstract adj.抽象的
11.(Passage 3)preserve vt.保护
12.(Passage 3)autonomous adj.自动的
13.(Passage 3)abundance n.大量,丰盛
14.(Passage 3)regulate vt.控制,管理
熟词生义:
(Passage 2)move n.措施
(Passage 3)detail vt.详述
长难句分析:
(Passage 1)Plus,the problem isn’t that the boss tells them to do it,but rather that they internalize the need to always be productive even when they’re going some-where to enjoy leisure time.
分析:本句为复合句。not...but连接并列的表语从句that the boss tells them to do it和that they internalize the need to always be productive;even when they’re going some-where to enjoy leisure time为when引导的时间状语从句。
句意:另外,问题不在于老板让他们这么做,而在于他们把保持高效率的需求内在化了,即使他们要去某个地方享受休闲时光。
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2024年课标版高考英语第二轮专题
考点分类练(九) 词句猜测题(3)
(限时:25分钟)
Passage 1
(2023湖南衡阳二模)
Do you ever feel guilty for relaxing,even after you’ve worked hard all day Do you feel like you should be doing more despite working full hours and nearing burnout You may be experiencing productivity dysmorphia(生产力畸形).It is a way to describe the feeling of failing to recognize your accomplishments and wanting to continue doing more,even when you’re running on fumes.
Author Anna Codrea-Rado who wrote an article about productivity dysmorphia claimed “it is the pursuit of productivity that drives us to do more while robbing us of the ability to enjoy any success we might encounter along the way”.
Highly competitive and job-led culture contributes to constantly pursuing productivity that eats away at other areas of life.In fact,you’re often praised for putting productivity above your well-being.Remember how schools rewarded perfect attendance Similarly,companies prefer employees who get the maxi-mum work done while taking the fewest possible breaks.Rewards like these have strengthened that rest is bad and that being constantly at work is the right thing to do.
Plus,the problem isn’t that the boss tells them to do it,but rather that they internalize the need to always be productive even when they’re going some-where to enjoy leisure time.Habits like these may be born out of the social pressure to find self-worth in work achievements.
Some writers have even begun describing rest as productive,as if people should stop relaxing if it doesn’t improve performance in some way.Not only does this mindset make it difficult to view and celebrate your achievements,but it also pushes you to build your entire life around work.The only milestones that matter are achieving work goals.The worst part There’s no sense of fulfillment when you reach these goals.
1.What do the underlined words “running on fumes” mean in paragraph 1
A.Tired. B.Excited.
C.Satisfied. D.Disappointed.
2.Which is the reason for constantly pursuing productivity
A.Minor competitiveness.
B.Pressure from jobs.
C.Instructions from the boss.
D.Internalized needs.
3.Which may be an example of productivity dysmorphia
A.A man completes work in working hours.
B.A man enjoys leisure time with his family.
C.A woman works everywhere at anytime.
D.A woman stops for a relaxation regularly.
4.What is the author’s attitude towards the description of some writers
A.Favorable. B.Negative.
C.Unconcerned. D.Neutral.
Passage 2
(2023安徽蚌埠三模)
Wheat and corn are used to make bread,pizza and other delicious foods,but in a few years they could also power your car.Renewable biofuels could soon replace the harmful fossil fuels that we’re used to using.It’s now well established that fossil fuels are incredibly harmful to our health and the environment and they’re not renewable,either.When so many people rely on petrol and diesel(柴油) to power vehicles,it makes sense to develop a renewable alternative that’s easy to use.
That’s where biofuel comes in.The most common biofuel produced globally is ethanol(乙醇),and it’s used frequently in Brazil and the US,while biodiesel is more popular in Europe.However,first-generation biofuels like ethanol have got issues that need fixing before they can go mainstream.It currently takes more ethanol than gasoline to produce the same amount of energy,for instance.Production is expensive,and several parts of the process sometimes use fossil fuels,which means that some biofuels aren’t actually carbon-free.
Some environmental campaigners also say that it would be more useful to grow crops for food rather than biofuel,and that growing crops for biofuel can cause problems with soil loss and deforestation.Using land for fuel rather than food can lead to an increase in food prices,too,and can affect natural habitats.
Crop and fat-based biofunels may not be perfect,but those aren’t the only biofuels available.Some organisations are creating biofuels with algae(海藻) instead.This process uses water and land that often isn’t suitable for many other situations,so it doesn’t take up space that’s useful for food production,and it often has better yields(产量) than other types of biofuel components.
There’s plenty of development beyond algae,too.Some companies even use seaweed.Scientists are also working on plans that will be able to abstract biofuels from household waste,wood chips and other junk—a move that could massively increase the material that’s viable for biofuel production.These second-generation biofuels could make biofuel far cheaper and more accessible,and help cut emissions down.
5.Why are biofuels supposed to replace fossil fuels
A.Fossil fuels are difficult to produce.
B.Fossil fuels are harmful to vehicles.
C.Biofuels are economical and attainable.
D.Biofuels are eco-friendly and sustainable.
6.What is paragraph 2 mainly about
A.The potential of gasoline.
B.The advantages of biofuels.
C.The popularity of ethanol in Europe.
D.The problems with first-generation biofuels.
7.Why is algae used to create biofuels by some organisations
A.It can reduce soil loss.
B.It is often more productive.
C.It occupies no land to grow.
D.It helps to lower food prices.
8.What does the underlined word “viable” in the last paragraph probably mean
A.Stable. B.Durable.
C.Workable. D.Flexible.
Passage 3
(2023陕西西安三模)
In a major step forward for monitoring the biodiversity of marine(海洋的) systems,a new study published in the journal Environmental DNA details how Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute(MBARI) researchers are using autonomous underwater robots to sample environmental DNA(eDNA),which allows scientists to detect the presence of aquatic species from the tiny bits of genetic(遗传学的) material they leave behind.This “DNA soup” offers clues about biodiversity changes in sensitive areas and the presence of rare or endangered species—all critical to understanding and preserving a healthy ocean.
Researchers combined two novel autonomous platforms developed by MBARI for this study—the Long-Range Autonomous Underwater Vehicle(LRAUV) and the Environmental Sample Processor(ESP).The LRAUV can travel for weeks at a time and for hundreds of kilometers.It can enable more frequent sampling in remote sites than traditional research ships.The ESP is a robotic “laboratory-in-a-can” that filters(过滤) seawater and preserves eDNA for future study.By equipping an LRAUV with ESP technology,researchers can monitor the ocean better.
“We know that eDNA is an incredibly powerful tool for studying ocean communities,but we’ve been limited by what we can accomplish using expensive crewed research ships.Now,autonomous technology is helping us make better use of our time and resources to study previously unsurveyed regions of the ocean,” said Kobun Truelove,a biological oceanographer at MBARI and the lead author of the paper.
Marine biodiversity is a measure of the abundance of individuals and species in the ocean.This interconnected mixture of organisms supports food webs,produces the air we breathe,and regulates our climate.Autonomous tools like the LRAUV and ESP enable MBARI researchers to monitor changes in sensitive ecosystems in ways that were not possible previously.
“Ship-based research will continue to play an important role in oceanographic studies,but adding new autonomous technology to the toolkit will expand capacity for research,monitoring,and resource management,” said Truelove.
9.What do the underlined words “aquatic species” in paragraph 1 refer to
A.Those living in water.
B.Those growing near water.
C.Those becoming endangered.
D.Those consuming eDNA.
10.What can the LRAUV do
A.Filter seawater effectively.
B.Preserve eDNA for future study.
C.Travel for months at a time in the ocean.
D.Reach remote areas of the ocean frequently.
11.What can we infer from Truelove’s words
A.Autonomous technology is more economical and efficient.
B.Ship-based research is more time-saving and energy-saving.
C.Autonomous robots have entirely replaced traditional research ships.
D.Crewed research ships help researchers study new parts of the ocean.
12.What can be the best title for the text
A.Researchers Discover a “DNA Soup”
B.Autonomous Technology Needs Improving
C.Robots Sample eDNA to Monitor Ocean Health
D.The Biodiversity of the Ocean Needs Protection
答案：
Passage 1
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。本文说明了“生产力畸形”概念的产生,其形成的原因,以及对人们生活的影响。
1.A 词句猜测题。根据第一段的“Do you feel like you should be doing more despite working full hours and nearing burnout ”以及画线词上文“It is a way to describe the feeling of failing to recognize your accomplishments and wanting to continue doing more,even when you’re”可知,生产力畸形是在你极度疲劳的状态下,仍然想继续工作,对自己已完成的工作没有成就感的一种体验。故画线部分意思是“疲惫的”。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段的“Highly competitive and job-led culture contributes to constantly pursuing productivity that eats away at other areas of life.”和第四段的“Plus,the problem isn’t that the boss tells them to do it,but rather that they internalize the need to always be productive even when they’re going some-where to enjoy leisure time.”可知,内化的需求是我们不断追求生产力的原因。
3.C 推理判断题。根据第一段的“Do you feel like you should be doing more despite working full hours and nearing burnout You may be experiencing productivity dysmorphia.”可推知,文章对“生产力畸形”的解释——在极度疲劳的状态下,仍然想继续工作,对自己已完成的工作没有成就感,故而“无论何时何地都在工作”符合定义。
4.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段可推知,本文作者对一些作家的描述持否定态度。
Passage 2
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了可再生生物燃料目前存在的问题和好处,以及对它的展望。
5.D 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Renewable biofuels could soon replace the harmful fossil fuels...that’s easy to use.”可推知,化石燃料对我们的健康和环境有害,而且它们也是不可再生的,而生物燃料是环保和可持续的,所以要用生物燃料取代化石燃料。
6.D 主旨大意题。根据第二段中“However,first-generation biofuels like ethanol have got issues...which means that some biofuels aren’t actually carbon-free.”可知,第二段主要讲述了第一代生物燃料的问题。
7.B 推理判断题。根据第四段中“Some organisations are creating biofuels with algae instead...than other types of biofuel components.”可推知,用藻类制造生物燃料不会占用对粮食生产有用的空间,而且具有更好的产量,所以是效率更高。
8.C 词句猜测题。根据最后一段中画线单词前文“Scientists are also working on plans that will be able to abstract biofuels from household waste,wood chips and other junk—a move that could massively increase the material”可推知,此处应该是增加可用于生物燃料生产的材料,所以viable应该是“可行的”之意,和C项“Workable”意思相近。
Passage 3
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了对环境DNA进行采样以监测海洋健康的最新技术。
9.A 词句猜测题。根据上下文语境以及上文的“In a major step forward for monitoring the biodiversity of marine systems”可知,科学家监测的是海洋生物,所以画线词也应该指的是“海洋中的生物”。故选A项。
10.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The LRAUV can travel for weeks at a time and for hundreds of kilometers.It can enable more frequent sampling in remote sites than traditional research ships.”可知,远程自主水下航行器(LRAUV) 可以经常到达海洋的偏远地区。故选D项。
11.A 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Now,autonomous technology is helping us make better use of our time and resources to study previously unsurveyed regions of the ocean” 可知,自主技术更加经济、高效。故选A项。
12.C 主旨大意题。通读全文,特别是根据第一段中的“In a major step forward for monitoring the biodiversity of marine systems...leave behind.”可知,本文主要介绍了对环境DNA进行采样以监测海洋健康的最新技术。故选C项。
词汇积累:
1.(Passage 1)guilty adj.内疚的,羞愧的
2.(Passage 1)fail to do sth.未能做某事
3.(Passage 1)accomplishment n.成绩,成就
4.(Passage 1)pursuit n.追求
5.(Passage 1)rob sb.of sth.剥夺某人某物
6.(Passage 1)encounter vt.遇到,遭遇
7.(Passage 1)sense of fulfillment成就感
8.(Passage 2)alternative n.替代品
9.(Passage 2)take up 占据
10.(Passage 2)abstract adj.抽象的
11.(Passage 3)preserve vt.保护
12.(Passage 3)autonomous adj.自动的
13.(Passage 3)abundance n.大量,丰盛
14.(Passage 3)regulate vt.控制,管理
熟词生义:
(Passage 2)move n.措施
(Passage 3)detail vt.详述
长难句分析:
(Passage 1)Plus,the problem isn’t that the boss tells them to do it,but rather that they internalize the need to always be productive even when they’re going some-where to enjoy leisure time.
分析:本句为复合句。not...but连接并列的表语从句that the boss tells them to do it和that they internalize the need to always be productive;even when they’re going some-where to enjoy leisure time为when引导的时间状语从句。
句意:另外,问题不在于老板让他们这么做,而在于他们把保持高效率的需求内在化了,即使他们要去某个地方享受休闲时光。
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