2024年课标版高考英语第二轮专题练习--阅读理解 文体分类练5 说明文之生态环保类（含答案与解析）
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| 名称 | 2024年课标版高考英语第二轮专题练习--阅读理解 文体分类练5 说明文之生态环保类（含答案与解析） |  | |
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2024年课标版高考英语第二轮专题
文体分类练(五) 说明文之生态环保类
(限时:25分钟)
Passage 1
(2023河北邯郸一模)
Bee protection is a big issue these days in America,with people planting native pollinator gardens,setting up bee houses,and taking part in scientific activities to monitor local bee populations.And this is for good reason—in North America,a quarter of native bee species are at risk of extinction.Bees pollinate 35 percent of our global food supply and many of the wild plants our ecosystems depend on.
No Mow May,a movement that began in the UK,is now rapidly spreading throughout the US.Its popularity lies in its being simple:Just give bees a help during the crucial springtime by removing a chore from your list and letting your lawn grow for the month of May.This lets “lawn flowers” such as dandelions grow at a time when bee food is rare.
Dandelions,despite being pretty and useful,are non-native.Then why do we promote a movement that encourages their growth Here’s the basic answer—don’t let “perfect” be the enemy of “good”.Sure,it’d be great to turn your entire neighborhood into a bee kingdom of native plants,but that can take lots of time and money.
While dandelions have become the poster child for No Mow May,other plants—including native species—may also appear in your lawn.“Besides dandelions,there are many other plants that are going to be there,” says Dr.Claudio Gratton at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
In Massachusetts,scientists found 63 species of plants in lawns,30 percent of which were native to the state.Most of the Americans probably loved dandelions as children but have tended to hate them as adults because of American lawn culture,which allows no flowers.“No Mow May forces us to think about our relationship with nature.We should reflect on the way we have made nature suit our needs,and realize flowers play really important roles,” says Dr.Claudio Gratton.
1.What is the background to No Mow May in the US
A.Native bee species are increasing.
B.There is a tendency to protect bees.
C.Bees mainly depend on garden plants.
D.More people have no time to cut lawns.
2.What do we know about the No Mow May
A.It needs almost no cost.
B.Few Americans support it.
C.It is aimed at growing dandelions.
D.It appeals for careful attention to the lawns.
3.What does the underlined part “poster child” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A.Slight element. B.Rare exception.
C.Typical example. D.Difficult problem.
4.Which of the following agrees with American lawn culture
A.A bee-friendly lawn.
B.A regularly cut lawn.
C.A lawn growing naturally.
D.A lawn with native flowers.
Passage 2
(2023安徽安庆二模)
Interactive software that “reads” and analyses footprints left by black rhinos (犀牛)can be used to monitor the movements of the animals in the wild,giving conservationists a new way to keep watch on the endangered species and help keep it safe from poachers (偷猎者),according to a Duke University-led study.
The software,called the Footprint Identification Technique (FIT),uses advanced technology to analyze more than 100 measurements of a rhino’s footprint.Because each rhino’s footprint is as special as a human fingerprint,the analyzed images can be collected electronically in a global database of previously collected footprint images for matching.
“If you find a match,you can identify the individual animal who left the mark and,by plotting the locations of all the other places where marks have been seen,track its movements without disturbing it or coming into close enough contact with it,” said Zoe Jewell,a professor at Duke University’s Nicholas School of the Environment,who co-led the study and is co-creator of FIT.
“It’s a cost-effective approach that not only protects the health of the rhino and the human,but also brings a centuries-old tracking skill into the 21st Century,” she said.Jewell and her colleagues are now working with Namibia’s Ministry of Environment,Forestry and Tourism to train wildlife conservationists,land managers and local guides how to use FIT.
Namibia is home to an estimated 2,000 black rhinos,or about 90% of the species’ total population worldwide.Though legally owned by the government,the animals are distributed geographically on private lands across the country.
The FIT software can also do a survey of footprints throughout the protected area and take measurements from each footprint to estimate the number of rhinos in that area.This can be useful information for calculation resource needs to monitor the animals effectively.This creates an interactive library that anti-poaching patrols(反偷猎巡逻)can use to search for animals at the highest risk,including those whose footprints haven’t been showing up in recent years.
5.What is the purpose of the software
A.To promote the development of technology.
B.To protect black rhinos from being hunted.
C.To analyze the footprints of illegal poachers.
D.To save endangered species across the world.
6.What’s the advantage of the software
A.It owns various functions.
B.It goes to the market.
C.It is perfectly practical.
D.It is more than popular.
7.What does Zoe Jewell say about the approach
A.It brings the best advantage for the lowest cost.
B.It helps increase the population of black rhinos.
C.It raises people’s awareness of the environment.
D.It strengthens the tie between humans and nature.
8.Which of the following best describes the future of rhinos
A.Optimistic. B.Hopeless.
C.Worrying. D.Uncertain.
Passage 3
(2023 四川凉山二诊)
These days,Earth Day is celebrated every year on April 22 in schools and cities across the United States.There are class projects,programs,tree plantings and many other official events.So,it may be hard to realize that when it first started,Earth Day was considered a radical(激进的) protest.
The modern environmental movement began in the 1960s.It was a time of the generation gap.Young people were acting out against their parents’ way of life.College campuses were rocked by demonstration against the war in Vietnam and other issues.In the middle of this,in 1970,a US senator(参议员) from Wisconsin named Gaylord Nelson came up with the idea for Earth Day.As he later explained it,the idea was to channel “the student anti-war energy” into the environmental cause.
A lot of young people felt that science was the enemy.This was in spite of the fact that a lot of the people who were warning the public about air and water pollution and animals in danger were scientists.After all,wasn’t it technology—cars,housing developments and factories—that was causing the problem by spreading pollution and destroying nature Some adults who had thought Earth Day supporters had gone too far made fun of them.They called them “tree huggers”.
Environmentalists were right that technology had to be controlled.Laws and regulations were needed to make sure that both industry and science acted responsibly.Still,science got a bad name.It was as if you had to choose either science or nature.You couldn’t have both.
Lately,though,the situation has changed.We have come to see that science and the environment do not have to be enemies.Technology can be used to protect the environment,not destroy it.Look at all the advances in clean energy that have come from science.Just as Earth Day has evolved,so has our view of science and nature.We know today that we do not have to choose between the two.Instead,we understand that science is one of the main tools we can use to protect the environment.You can be a scientist and a “tree hugger”.That’s big advancement for science and great news for trees.
9.What do students usually do on Earth Day
A.Cut down trees.
B.Join in a protest.
C.Launch an investigation.
D.Complete a class project.
10.Why did Gaylord Nelson suggest celebrating Earth Day
A.To encourage young students to protect nature.
B.To direct the public’s attention to environmental changes.
C.To take students’ attention away from anti-war demonstration.
D.To narrow the generation gap between young people and their parents.
11.What did some adults think of “tree huggers”
A.Too extreme. B.Quite rational.
C.Very knowledgeable. D.Really considerate.
12.Which statement is supported by the author
A.People have to choose either science or nature.
B.Nowadays science can serve to protect the environment.
C.Science has been playing a positive part the whole time.
D.The development of science does harm to the environment.
答案：
Passage 1
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。“No Mow May”运动起源于英国,并在北美迅速扩展开来。通过这项活动,人们可以为草坪留下自由生长的花,以此让蜜蜂授粉。这一活动不仅有利于生态环境,而且可以让人反思自己与自然的关系。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段可知,No Mow May在美国的背景是有一种保护蜜蜂的趋势。
2.A 推理判断题。根据第二段可推知,这项运动几乎不用任何费用。
3.C 词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“other plants—including native species—may also appear in your lawn”可知,蒲公英是“No Mow May”运动扩展后常见的花,而这项运动也会让草坪上长出其他种类的花。即蒲公英是“No Mow May”运动的典型例子。故可推断,画线部分意为“典型例子”。
4.B 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Its popularity lies in its being simple:Just give bees a help during the crucial springtime by removing a chore from your list and letting your lawn grow for the month of May.”及最后一段中“Most of the Americans probably loved dandelions as children but have tended to hate them as adults because of American lawn culture,which allows no flowers.”可知,一块定期修剪的草坪才是符合美国草坪文化的。
Passage 2
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款新的软件,这款名为FIT的软件可以用来监控野生动物的活动,同时帮助保护主义者来监视濒危物种,并保护这些濒危物种免受偷猎者的伤害。
5.B 细节理解题。根据第一段“Interactive software that ‘reads’ and analyses footprints left by black rhinos can be used to monitor the movements of the animals in the wild,giving conservationists a new way to keep watch on the endangered species and help keep it safe from poachers,according to a Duke University-led study.”可知,交互式软件可以用来监控野生动物的活动,同时给保护主义者提供了一种新的方法来监视濒危物种,并帮助保护它们免受偷猎者的伤害。
6.C 细节理解题。根据第二段“The software,called the Footprint Identification Technique (FIT),uses advanced technology to analyze more than 100 measurements of a rhino’s footprint.Because each rhino’s footprint is as special as a human fingerprint,the analyzed images can be collected electronically in a global database of previously collected footprint images for matching.”可知,这款软件可以通过采集犀牛的足迹,然后会和先前收集的足迹图像的全球数据库进行匹配。可推知,这款软件是非常实用的。
7.A 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“‘It’s a cost-effective approach that not only protects the health of the rhino and the human,but also brings a centuries-old tracking skill into the 21st Century,’ she said.”可知,Zoe Jewell认为它以最低的成本带来最大的优势。
8.A 推理判断题。根据第一段和最后一段可知,FIT 软件可以用来监控野生动物的活动,同时帮助保护主义者来监视濒危物种,并保护这些濒危物种免受偷猎者的伤害。FIT可以对整个保护区的足迹进行调查,并对每个足迹进行测量,以估计该区域的犀牛数量,因而未来犀牛的数量应该是朝着人们期望的方向发展。
Passage 3
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了地球日的起源和发展以及作者希望人们转变观念——科学可以为保护环境服务。
9.D 细节理解题。根据第一段中“There are class projects,programs,tree plantings and many other official events.”可知,学生通常在地球日可以完成班级项目。故选D项。
10.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中“As he later explained it,the idea was to channel ‘the student anti-war energy’ into the environmental cause.”可知,盖洛德·尼尔森是想把学生的注意力从反战示威上转移开。故选C项。
11.A 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Some adults who had thought Earth Day supporters had gone too far made fun of them.They called them ‘tree huggers’.”可知,一些成年人认为地球日的支持者的做法太过火了,换句话说,一些成年人认为地球日的支持者们的做法太极端了。故选A项。
12.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Instead,we understand that science is one of the main tools we can use to protect the environment.”可知,作者支持的观点是现如今科学可以为保护环境服务。故选B项。
词汇积累:
1.(Passage 1)at risk of冒着……危险
2.(Passage 1)popularity n.受欢迎
3.(Passage 1)be native to原产于,源于……的
4.(Passage 1)reflect on仔细考虑,思考
5.(Passage 2)keep watch on监视
6.(Passage 2)show up出现
7.(Passage 3)protest n.抗议,反对
8.(Passage 3)demonstration n.游行示威
9.(Passage 3)regulation n.规章制度,法规
熟词生义:
(Passage 2)plot vt.(在地图上)画出
(Passage 3)rock vt.使震惊,惊吓
长难句分析:
(Passage 2)This creates an interactive library that anti-poaching patrols(反偷猎巡逻)can use to search for animals at the highest risk,including those whose footprints haven’t been showing up in recent years.
分析:本句为复合句。that anti-poaching patrols(反偷猎巡逻)can use to search for animals at the highest risk为that引导的定语从句;whose footprints haven’t been showing up in recent years为whose引导的定语从句。
句意:这创建了一个交互式库,反偷猎巡逻队可以使用它来搜索风险最高的动物,包括那些近年来没有出现脚印的动物。
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2024年课标版高考英语第二轮专题
文体分类练(五) 说明文之生态环保类
(限时:25分钟)
Passage 1
(2023河北邯郸一模)
Bee protection is a big issue these days in America,with people planting native pollinator gardens,setting up bee houses,and taking part in scientific activities to monitor local bee populations.And this is for good reason—in North America,a quarter of native bee species are at risk of extinction.Bees pollinate 35 percent of our global food supply and many of the wild plants our ecosystems depend on.
No Mow May,a movement that began in the UK,is now rapidly spreading throughout the US.Its popularity lies in its being simple:Just give bees a help during the crucial springtime by removing a chore from your list and letting your lawn grow for the month of May.This lets “lawn flowers” such as dandelions grow at a time when bee food is rare.
Dandelions,despite being pretty and useful,are non-native.Then why do we promote a movement that encourages their growth Here’s the basic answer—don’t let “perfect” be the enemy of “good”.Sure,it’d be great to turn your entire neighborhood into a bee kingdom of native plants,but that can take lots of time and money.
While dandelions have become the poster child for No Mow May,other plants—including native species—may also appear in your lawn.“Besides dandelions,there are many other plants that are going to be there,” says Dr.Claudio Gratton at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
In Massachusetts,scientists found 63 species of plants in lawns,30 percent of which were native to the state.Most of the Americans probably loved dandelions as children but have tended to hate them as adults because of American lawn culture,which allows no flowers.“No Mow May forces us to think about our relationship with nature.We should reflect on the way we have made nature suit our needs,and realize flowers play really important roles,” says Dr.Claudio Gratton.
1.What is the background to No Mow May in the US
A.Native bee species are increasing.
B.There is a tendency to protect bees.
C.Bees mainly depend on garden plants.
D.More people have no time to cut lawns.
2.What do we know about the No Mow May
A.It needs almost no cost.
B.Few Americans support it.
C.It is aimed at growing dandelions.
D.It appeals for careful attention to the lawns.
3.What does the underlined part “poster child” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A.Slight element. B.Rare exception.
C.Typical example. D.Difficult problem.
4.Which of the following agrees with American lawn culture
A.A bee-friendly lawn.
B.A regularly cut lawn.
C.A lawn growing naturally.
D.A lawn with native flowers.
Passage 2
(2023安徽安庆二模)
Interactive software that “reads” and analyses footprints left by black rhinos (犀牛)can be used to monitor the movements of the animals in the wild,giving conservationists a new way to keep watch on the endangered species and help keep it safe from poachers (偷猎者),according to a Duke University-led study.
The software,called the Footprint Identification Technique (FIT),uses advanced technology to analyze more than 100 measurements of a rhino’s footprint.Because each rhino’s footprint is as special as a human fingerprint,the analyzed images can be collected electronically in a global database of previously collected footprint images for matching.
“If you find a match,you can identify the individual animal who left the mark and,by plotting the locations of all the other places where marks have been seen,track its movements without disturbing it or coming into close enough contact with it,” said Zoe Jewell,a professor at Duke University’s Nicholas School of the Environment,who co-led the study and is co-creator of FIT.
“It’s a cost-effective approach that not only protects the health of the rhino and the human,but also brings a centuries-old tracking skill into the 21st Century,” she said.Jewell and her colleagues are now working with Namibia’s Ministry of Environment,Forestry and Tourism to train wildlife conservationists,land managers and local guides how to use FIT.
Namibia is home to an estimated 2,000 black rhinos,or about 90% of the species’ total population worldwide.Though legally owned by the government,the animals are distributed geographically on private lands across the country.
The FIT software can also do a survey of footprints throughout the protected area and take measurements from each footprint to estimate the number of rhinos in that area.This can be useful information for calculation resource needs to monitor the animals effectively.This creates an interactive library that anti-poaching patrols(反偷猎巡逻)can use to search for animals at the highest risk,including those whose footprints haven’t been showing up in recent years.
5.What is the purpose of the software
A.To promote the development of technology.
B.To protect black rhinos from being hunted.
C.To analyze the footprints of illegal poachers.
D.To save endangered species across the world.
6.What’s the advantage of the software
A.It owns various functions.
B.It goes to the market.
C.It is perfectly practical.
D.It is more than popular.
7.What does Zoe Jewell say about the approach
A.It brings the best advantage for the lowest cost.
B.It helps increase the population of black rhinos.
C.It raises people’s awareness of the environment.
D.It strengthens the tie between humans and nature.
8.Which of the following best describes the future of rhinos
A.Optimistic. B.Hopeless.
C.Worrying. D.Uncertain.
Passage 3
(2023 四川凉山二诊)
These days,Earth Day is celebrated every year on April 22 in schools and cities across the United States.There are class projects,programs,tree plantings and many other official events.So,it may be hard to realize that when it first started,Earth Day was considered a radical(激进的) protest.
The modern environmental movement began in the 1960s.It was a time of the generation gap.Young people were acting out against their parents’ way of life.College campuses were rocked by demonstration against the war in Vietnam and other issues.In the middle of this,in 1970,a US senator(参议员) from Wisconsin named Gaylord Nelson came up with the idea for Earth Day.As he later explained it,the idea was to channel “the student anti-war energy” into the environmental cause.
A lot of young people felt that science was the enemy.This was in spite of the fact that a lot of the people who were warning the public about air and water pollution and animals in danger were scientists.After all,wasn’t it technology—cars,housing developments and factories—that was causing the problem by spreading pollution and destroying nature Some adults who had thought Earth Day supporters had gone too far made fun of them.They called them “tree huggers”.
Environmentalists were right that technology had to be controlled.Laws and regulations were needed to make sure that both industry and science acted responsibly.Still,science got a bad name.It was as if you had to choose either science or nature.You couldn’t have both.
Lately,though,the situation has changed.We have come to see that science and the environment do not have to be enemies.Technology can be used to protect the environment,not destroy it.Look at all the advances in clean energy that have come from science.Just as Earth Day has evolved,so has our view of science and nature.We know today that we do not have to choose between the two.Instead,we understand that science is one of the main tools we can use to protect the environment.You can be a scientist and a “tree hugger”.That’s big advancement for science and great news for trees.
9.What do students usually do on Earth Day
A.Cut down trees.
B.Join in a protest.
C.Launch an investigation.
D.Complete a class project.
10.Why did Gaylord Nelson suggest celebrating Earth Day
A.To encourage young students to protect nature.
B.To direct the public’s attention to environmental changes.
C.To take students’ attention away from anti-war demonstration.
D.To narrow the generation gap between young people and their parents.
11.What did some adults think of “tree huggers”
A.Too extreme. B.Quite rational.
C.Very knowledgeable. D.Really considerate.
12.Which statement is supported by the author
A.People have to choose either science or nature.
B.Nowadays science can serve to protect the environment.
C.Science has been playing a positive part the whole time.
D.The development of science does harm to the environment.
答案：
Passage 1
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。“No Mow May”运动起源于英国,并在北美迅速扩展开来。通过这项活动,人们可以为草坪留下自由生长的花,以此让蜜蜂授粉。这一活动不仅有利于生态环境,而且可以让人反思自己与自然的关系。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段可知,No Mow May在美国的背景是有一种保护蜜蜂的趋势。
2.A 推理判断题。根据第二段可推知,这项运动几乎不用任何费用。
3.C 词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“other plants—including native species—may also appear in your lawn”可知,蒲公英是“No Mow May”运动扩展后常见的花,而这项运动也会让草坪上长出其他种类的花。即蒲公英是“No Mow May”运动的典型例子。故可推断,画线部分意为“典型例子”。
4.B 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Its popularity lies in its being simple:Just give bees a help during the crucial springtime by removing a chore from your list and letting your lawn grow for the month of May.”及最后一段中“Most of the Americans probably loved dandelions as children but have tended to hate them as adults because of American lawn culture,which allows no flowers.”可知,一块定期修剪的草坪才是符合美国草坪文化的。
Passage 2
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一款新的软件,这款名为FIT的软件可以用来监控野生动物的活动,同时帮助保护主义者来监视濒危物种,并保护这些濒危物种免受偷猎者的伤害。
5.B 细节理解题。根据第一段“Interactive software that ‘reads’ and analyses footprints left by black rhinos can be used to monitor the movements of the animals in the wild,giving conservationists a new way to keep watch on the endangered species and help keep it safe from poachers,according to a Duke University-led study.”可知,交互式软件可以用来监控野生动物的活动,同时给保护主义者提供了一种新的方法来监视濒危物种,并帮助保护它们免受偷猎者的伤害。
6.C 细节理解题。根据第二段“The software,called the Footprint Identification Technique (FIT),uses advanced technology to analyze more than 100 measurements of a rhino’s footprint.Because each rhino’s footprint is as special as a human fingerprint,the analyzed images can be collected electronically in a global database of previously collected footprint images for matching.”可知,这款软件可以通过采集犀牛的足迹,然后会和先前收集的足迹图像的全球数据库进行匹配。可推知,这款软件是非常实用的。
7.A 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句“‘It’s a cost-effective approach that not only protects the health of the rhino and the human,but also brings a centuries-old tracking skill into the 21st Century,’ she said.”可知,Zoe Jewell认为它以最低的成本带来最大的优势。
8.A 推理判断题。根据第一段和最后一段可知,FIT 软件可以用来监控野生动物的活动,同时帮助保护主义者来监视濒危物种,并保护这些濒危物种免受偷猎者的伤害。FIT可以对整个保护区的足迹进行调查,并对每个足迹进行测量,以估计该区域的犀牛数量,因而未来犀牛的数量应该是朝着人们期望的方向发展。
Passage 3
[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了地球日的起源和发展以及作者希望人们转变观念——科学可以为保护环境服务。
9.D 细节理解题。根据第一段中“There are class projects,programs,tree plantings and many other official events.”可知,学生通常在地球日可以完成班级项目。故选D项。
10.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中“As he later explained it,the idea was to channel ‘the student anti-war energy’ into the environmental cause.”可知,盖洛德·尼尔森是想把学生的注意力从反战示威上转移开。故选C项。
11.A 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Some adults who had thought Earth Day supporters had gone too far made fun of them.They called them ‘tree huggers’.”可知,一些成年人认为地球日的支持者的做法太过火了,换句话说,一些成年人认为地球日的支持者们的做法太极端了。故选A项。
12.B 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Instead,we understand that science is one of the main tools we can use to protect the environment.”可知,作者支持的观点是现如今科学可以为保护环境服务。故选B项。
词汇积累:
1.(Passage 1)at risk of冒着……危险
2.(Passage 1)popularity n.受欢迎
3.(Passage 1)be native to原产于,源于……的
4.(Passage 1)reflect on仔细考虑,思考
5.(Passage 2)keep watch on监视
6.(Passage 2)show up出现
7.(Passage 3)protest n.抗议,反对
8.(Passage 3)demonstration n.游行示威
9.(Passage 3)regulation n.规章制度,法规
熟词生义:
(Passage 2)plot vt.(在地图上)画出
(Passage 3)rock vt.使震惊,惊吓
长难句分析:
(Passage 2)This creates an interactive library that anti-poaching patrols(反偷猎巡逻)can use to search for animals at the highest risk,including those whose footprints haven’t been showing up in recent years.
分析:本句为复合句。that anti-poaching patrols(反偷猎巡逻)can use to search for animals at the highest risk为that引导的定语从句;whose footprints haven’t been showing up in recent years为whose引导的定语从句。
句意:这创建了一个交互式库,反偷猎巡逻队可以使用它来搜索风险最高的动物,包括那些近年来没有出现脚印的动物。
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