江苏省无锡市2014年高三英语一轮复习（艺考生）：专题一冠词学生版

专题一 冠词
冠词的用法概述
【考点诠释】
冠词是历年高考的常考点。主要考查冠词在具 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )体语境中的运用，考查内容包括定冠词和不定冠词的用法区别，名词前不用冠词的情况，特指与泛指以及习语中的冠词用法。
考点1 不定冠词的用法
1．指人或事物的某一类，这是不定冠词的基本用法
A car runs faster than a truck．小汽车比卡车跑得快。
2．表示数量“一个”，但一般不能与one互换
Rome was not built in a day．罗马不是一天建起来的。
3．指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物
A Mr Li is waiting for you outside．一位李先生在外面等你。(不知道那位李先生是谁)
4．用于表示次数、速度、价格等意义的名词前，表示“每一”
①He goes home to see his parents once a month．他每月回家一次去看父母。
②He can gain five yuan an hour in the shop．他在这家商店每小时挣五元钱。
5．表示三餐的名词前有形容词修饰时，用不定冠词
①I only want a small supper because of cold．由于感冒晚饭我只想吃一点东西。
②People usually have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )quite a good dinner on festivals．人们在过节时通常会吃一顿相当丰盛的大餐。
6．有时在序数词前加不定冠词，表示“再…又”
①She invited him to come to the party a second time．她再次邀请他来参加聚会。
②Then a third boy came to join US．接着又一个孩子加人了我们。
7．有些物质名词以及抽象名词具体化时，可用不定冠词
a paper一份报纸；a tea一杯茶； ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a beauty一个美人；a surprise一件意想不到的事；a pity一件遗憾的事；an honor一个(件)光荣的人(事)
8．不定冠词还可以用于“a most+adj’．+n．”结构，注意在此结构中没有表示可比较的范围状语，“most”相当于“very”
Xiamen is a m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ost beautiful coastal city and I’11 come for a second time．厦门是个非常美丽的海滨城市，我还要再来一次。
9．不定冠词还可以用于“a+比较级+名词”结构，与否定词连用时，表示“从来没有比这更……”，具有最高级含义
I have never spent a more worrying day．我从未有过比这更烦人的一天。
10．用于短语搭配中
(1)“have/take+a(n)+与动词同形的名词”，表示动作的一次。如：
have/take a rest休息一会儿
have/take a look看一下
have/take a bath洗个澡
(2)“go out for a(n)+名词”，表示从事某项活动。如：
go out for a picnic去野餐
(3)用于习惯搭配中。如：
come to an end结束；dr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )op sb a line给某人写信；at a disadvantage处于不利地位；in a way从一方面说；in a word总之；in a sense就某种意义来说；with a view to为了，鉴于。
考点2：定冠词的用法
1．特指某(些)人或某(些)事物，这是定冠词的基本用法
①The books on the desk were published last month．桌子上的那些书是上个月出版的。
②The factory I me ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ntioned has installed a new assembly line．我提到的那家工厂已经安装了一条新的装配线。
③We were all lost in the beauty of nature．我们都被大自然的美所陶醉。
2．再次提到前面已出现的人或事物，表示特指
He told us a stor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y，but 1 was not interested in the story．他给我们讲了一个故事，但我对这个故事不感兴趣。
3．指谈话双方都知道的人或事物 。
We went to the station to see the manager off．我们去车站为经理送行。
4．用在某些可数名词单数前，用来指事物的整体(总称)以将其与其他事物区别开来
①The telephone was invented by Bell．电话是贝尔发明的。
②The elephant is much stronger than the horse．象比马强壮得多。
5．用在表示某国人的名词前
the Chinese中国人；the French法国人；the English英国人；
the Spanish西班牙人；the Japanese日本人。
6．某些形容词或分词前加定冠词the表示一类 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )人(表示复数)the homeless无家可归的人；the rich富人；the poor穷人；the blind盲人；the old老年人；the young年轻人；the strong强者；
the weak弱者；the sick病人；the wounded伤者。
7．在序数词前要加定冠词the(有时在序数词前加不定冠词，表示“再”“又”)
She lives on the twelfth floor．她住在十二楼。
8．在形容词最高级及形容词only(唯一的)，very(正是那个)，same(同样的)等前加定冠词the
①This is the most interesting film I have ever seen．这是我看过的最有趣的电影。
②He must be t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he only student who has ever been to the city in our class．他一定是我们班唯一去过那座城市的学生。
③That’s the very thing I’ve been looking for．那正是我要找的东西。
9．在表示一些独一无二的东西的名词前要用定冠词the
the earth地球； ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the moon月亮；the sun太阳；the sky天空；the universe宇宙；the world世界；the air空中；the ground地面。
It is the east，and Juliet is the sun．那是东方，而朱丽叶就是太阳。
10．用于时间、重量等单位名词之前，表示每一个单位
①The boat is hired by the hour．小船按小时出租。
②There are two or three apples to the pound．每磅有两三个苹果。
11．在表示方位、方向的名词前用定冠词the
in the east/south/west/north在东/南/西/北方；on the right/left在右/左边。
12．在表江河、海洋、山脉、群岛、沙漠、海峡、海湾等专有名词前，要用定冠词the
the Yellow River黄河； ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the Rhine莱茵河；the Pacific太平洋；the Red Sea红海；the Himalayas喜马拉雅山脉；the British Isles不列颠群岛；the Taiwan Strait台湾海峡；the Sahara Desert撒哈拉沙漠。
13．用在逢“十”的数词前，指世纪的某个年代
in the 1980s/1980’s在20世纪80年代。
14．乐器名称前用定冠词the
She plays the piano best in her class．她钢琴在班上弹得最好。
15．在姓氏的复数形式前加定冠词the表示“……一家”
the Browns布朗一家；the Lis姓李的一家。
16．用在“动词+sb+介词+the+表身体部位的名词”这一固定结构中
hit sb in the face打某人的脸；
take sb by the arm/hand抓住某人的胳膊/手；
pat sb on the shoulder拍某人的肩；
hit sb on the head打某人的头。
特别提示
在该结构中，不能用物主代词替代定冠词，常用于该结构的动词有pat，strike，beat，hit，catch，put，take等。
17．在短语搭配中
in the end最后；come t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o the point谈到正题；on the contrary相反；in the morning在早晨；in the distance在远处；in the water在水中；on：the subject of关于……的主题；on the air在广播。
考点3 不用冠词的情况
1．可数名词复数表示泛指时，以及抽象名词和物质名词表示一
①Where there’s smoke，there’s fire．无风不起浪。
②Many hands make light work．人多好做事。
2．三餐、球类运动、娱乐名称、节日、星期、月份和日期前一般不用冠词，表季节的名词前用不用the意思没有区别
①play football/ba ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sketball/volleyball踢足球/打篮影打排球；play chess/cards下棋/打牌；New Year’s Day元旦(“the Spring Festival春节”例外)。
②He had nothing for breakfast this morning．他今天早上没有吃早饭。
特别提示
有时在星期、月份和日期前加不定冠词，表示泛指。如：on a Monday在一个礼拜一；a very wet April一个雨水很多的四月。
3．在学科、语言、称呼语、大部分疾病名称或表头衔的名词前，不用冠词
①I think physics is more interesting than maths．我认为物理比数学有趣。
②What’s the matter，Granny 奶奶，出什么事了吗
③Cancer is a terrible disease．癌症是一种可怕的疾病。
4．在turn(作“变成”解)后作表语的名词前，不用冠词
He has turned doctor．他已是名医生了。
5．在as，though引导的倒装分句中 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，名词前不用冠词Child as/though Tom is，you can’t fool him．虽然汤姆是个孩子，但你不能欺骗他。
6．在专有名词(洲名、人名、城市名、街道名、港口名、航空站名、火车站名、公园名、机关名及院校名)之前，一般不用冠词
Asia亚洲；Mary玛丽；Shanghai上海；Wall Street华尔街；
Pearl Harbor珍珠港；Beihai Park北海公园；Beijing University北京大学。
7．在一些固定短语中，名词前不用冠词
at night在夜里；at hom ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e在家；day after day 日复一日；by telephone打电话；in danger在危险中；on purpose故意地。
考点4 有无冠词，意义不同
by day在白天 by the day按天计算
in case of以防 in the case of就……来说
in charge of负责，管理 in the charge of由……负责
in office执政 in the office在办公室
in sight(of)看见 in the sight(of)在……看来
go to sea去当水手 go to the sea到海边去
out of question毫无疑问 out of the question不可能
take advice征求意见take the advice听从劝告
be of age成年 be of all age同龄
go to church去做礼拜 go to the church去教堂
in prison坐牢 in the prison在监狱
特别提示
当地点名词表示地点时，其前用定冠词；表示在这一地点所发生的活动时，其前不加冠词。如：
He went to the bed ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )and fetched me a magazine before he went to bed,他睡觉前到床边给我拿了本杂志。
典例：George could ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n’t remember when he first met Mr．Anderson，but he was sure it was Sunday because everybody was at church．
A．/；the B．the；/ C．a；/ D．/；a
◆典型陷阱题分析◆
1. “Do you know ______ English for ‘帅哥’ ” “I’m afraid I don’t. I’m not interested in _______ English language.”
A. the, the B. the, 不填
C. 不填, the D.不填, 不填
(1) 当语言名词表特指意义，其前可用定冠词。如：
The English spoken in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) America and Canada is a little different from that spoken in England. 美国和加拿大讲的英语与英国讲的英语有点不同。
(2) 当语言名词表示某一语言中的对应词时，其前要用定冠词。如：
What’s the English for this 这个东西用英语怎么说
(3) 当在语言名词后加上 language一词时，也要用冠词。如：
There have bee ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n many changes in the history of the English language. 英语发展过程中有很多变革。
2. I couldn’t remem ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ber the exact date of the storm, but I knew it was ______ Sunday because everybody was at ______ church.
A. a, the B. a, 不填
C. 不填, a D. 不填, 不填
He came on the Sunday and went away on the Monday. 他星期日来，星期一就走了。
My birthday happened to be on a Saturday. 我的生日碰巧是星期六。
3. Which person do ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )you refer to, the one with ______ long hair or the one with _______ long beard
A. a, a B. 不填，不填
C. a, 不填 D. 不填，a
He has gray hairs. 他有几根白发了。
He has gray hair. 他满头白发了。
而beard 则通常只用作可数名词，且指的是一个人所有的胡须，而不是指一根胡须，它的复数形式，通常是指多个人的胡须，而不是指多根胡须，如：
He no longer wears a beard. 他不再留胡须。
Not all men grow beards. 并不是所有的男人都留胡须。
4. I once watched __ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_____ one-act play, which was played by _______ 11-year-old boy.
A. a, a B. an, an
C. a, an D. an, a
(1) Before he was arre ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sted, he had taken _______ one-month holiday, and stayed in the country with ________ 18-year-old girl, one of his students.
A. a, a B. an, an
C. a, an D. an, a
(2) We hired _______ one-eyed man to play in our film, and we gave him _______ 100-pound check for just one minute.
A. a, an B. an, a
C. a, a D. an, an
5. “Have you seen _ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )____ pen I left it here this morning.” “Is it _____ black one I think I saw it somewhere.”
A. a, the B. the, the
C. a, a D. the, a
“Have you seen _____ pen I left it here this morning.” “Is it _____ black one I found it in the corner.”
A. a, the B. the, the
C. a, a D. the, a
请再看一个类似的例子：
“Have you seen __ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_____ new bike I put it here just now.” “Is it _______ white one A boy has ridden it away.”
A. a; a B. a; the
C. the; the D. the; a
6. My friend Mary ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is _____ beautiful girl and _____ girl everyone likes to work with.
A. a, a B. a, the
C. the, a D. the, the
请再做以下试题：
(1) Jim is _______ brave boy and _______ boy never fearing anything.
A. a, a B. a, the
C. the, a D. the, the
(2) It is really __ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_____ useful dictionary and _______ dictionary every one of us needs.
A. a, a B. a, the
C. the, a D. the, the
◆精编陷阱题训练◆
1. Since tasti ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng the excitement of _____ big city life, she never wants to live in _____ country again.
A. the, the B. 不填，不填
C. the, 不填 D. 不填，the
2. The operat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ion is _____ success and the patient is now out of _____ danger.
A. a, the B. a, 不填
C. 不填, the D. 不填，不填
3. As _____ writer, he was _____ complete failure.
A. a, a B. a, the
C. 不填，不填 D. a, 不填
4. How strange! These years my birthday always falls _____.
A. on the Sunday B. on a Sunday
C. on Sunday D. at a Sunday
5. This is _____ best kind of _____ pen you can get here.
A. the, the B. the, a
C. the, 不填 D. a, the
6. As is known to us ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )all, _____ tiger is in _____ danger of becoming extinct.
A. the, a B. the, 不填
C. a, 不填 D. 不填, the
7. He spent too much t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ime talking on ______ phone while we were all busy at _____ work.
A. the, 不填 B. a, 不填
C. 不填, 不填 D. the, the
8. As _______ unemploy ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ment is very high at the moment, it’s very difficult for people to find _______ work.
A. the, 不填 B.不填，不填
C. the, a D. an, the
9. Apartments ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in cities can be quite high. Renters are paying up to $1,000 per month for _______ bedroom apartment.
A. one a B. the one C. one D. a one
10. The educatio ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n of ______ young is always ______ hot and serious topic.
A. 不填, 不填 B. the, a
C. 不填, the D. the, 不填
11. I often have conv ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ersations with John over ______ telephone, while keep in touch with Tom by ______ letter.
A. 不填；the B. 不填；a
C. the；不填 D. the; a
12. —John has put f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )orward _______ most challenging question for us to answer.
—Yes, it really is. I have never heard _______ harder one.
A. the; 不填 B. 不填; the
C. the; the D. a; a
13. “What about _ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_____ school ” “It is as good, as anybody can see, _____ school as No 1 Middle School Attached to Hunan Normal University.”
A. a; the B. the; a
C. a; a D. the; the
14. The market f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )or ______ used computers is getting larger and larger as______ years go on.
A. 不填, 不填 B. the, 不填
C. the, the D. 不填, the
15. “Charley Oakley ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), ______ NBA All-star, hasn’t missed ______ game in the past three years.” “I can hardly believe it.”
A. an; the B. a; the
C. the; a D. an; a
16. In the market ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), vegetables are sold by _______ kilogram, I mean, by _______ weight.
A. the; 不填 B.不填; 不填
C. the; the D.不填；the
17. Many people ag ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ree that ______ knowledge of English is a must in _____ international trade today.
A. the, an B. a, 不填
C. the, the D. 不填, the
18. The cakes are d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )elicious. I’d like to have _______ third one as _______ second one I ate was too small.
A. the, the B. a, the
C. the, a D. a, a
19. ________ England of those years was _______ England in peace.
A. 不填, 不填 B. The, an
C. The, 不填 D. 不填, an
20. — Did you happen to see _______ black and _______ white cat
— Are they missing I told you to take care of them.
A. a; 不填 B. the; 不填
C. the; the D. a; the
【试题放送】
（1）.【2013年高考 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )英语福建卷】21. The “Chinese Dream” is ______ dream to improve people’s well-being and ______ dream of harmony, peace and development.
A. the; a B. a; a C. a; the D. the; the
（2）.【2013年高考英语江西卷 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )】32. Animals are obviously ______ lower form of life than _______ man.
A. a ; / B. the ; the C. a ; the D. / ; /
（3）.【2013年高考 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )英语山东卷】22. It was ______ cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across ____ night sky.
A. 不填；a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; 不填
（4）.【2013年高考英语陕西卷 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )】19. Marco Polo is said to have sailed on Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in I thirteenth century.
A. the; a B. a; / C. /; the D. the; the
（5）.【2013年高考英语新课 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )标II卷】13.Four and half hours of discussion took us up to midnight, and break for cheese, chocolate and tea with sugar.
A. a; a B. the; the C.不填；the D. a;不填
（6）.【2013年高考英语新课标 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )I卷】31. India attained independence in 1947, after long struggle.
A.不填;a B. the; a C. an;不填 D. an; the
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A. a; an B. a; 不填 C. 不填; the D. the; an
（8）.【2013年高考英语重 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )庆卷】32. The parents were shocked by news that their son needed operation on his knee.
A. a;/ B. the; / C. the; an D. a; an
【2012全国II】7. He missed ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ______ gold in the high jump, but will get _____ second chance in the long jump.
A. the; the B. /; a C. the; a D. a; /
【2012四川卷】18. We ar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e said to be living in ____ Information Age, ____ time of new discoveries and great changes.
A. an; the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. 不填; the C. 不填; a D. the; a
【2012安徽卷】21. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Carl is studying food science at college and hopes to open up meat processing factory of his own one day.
A. / ； a B. / ；the C. the ; a D. the ; the
【2012辽宁卷】21. I wo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ke up with bad headache, yet by evening the pain had gone.
A. the; the B. the; an C. a; the D. a; an
【2012全国新课程】22. Sara ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h looked at finished painting with satisfaction.
A.不填；a B. a; the C. the; 不填 D. the; a
【2012山东卷】29. Being a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ble to afford _______ drink would be ______ comfort in those tough times.
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（2011浙江卷,2﹚Experts thi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nk that __________recently discovered painting may be ________ Picasso.
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（2011全国卷,33﹚It ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is generally accepted that boy must learn to stand up and fight like man.
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（2011四川卷,18﹚Dr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ).Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us, “ fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge.”
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（2011重庆卷,26﹚In communi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cation, a smile is usually __________ strong sign of a friendly and _______ open attitude.
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（2011江西卷,22﹚I ------It’s said John will be in a job paying over $60,000 ________ year.
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（2010山东﹚If we sit near ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) _______ front of the bus, we’ll have _______ better view.
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（2010江苏﹚The v ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )isitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that_______ people from all walks of life are working hard for_____ new Jiangsu.
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（2010辽宁﹚There ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) are over 58, 000 rocky objects in ______ space, about 900 of which could fall down onto _______ earth.
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