江苏省无锡市2014年高三英语一轮复习（艺考生）：专题五动词和动词短语学生版
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| 名称 | 江苏省无锡市2014年高三英语一轮复习（艺考生）：专题五动词和动词短语学生版 |  | |
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| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2015-03-14 14:43:24 | ||
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【知识要点】
一．动词
动词是英语中的重要词类之一,也是高考英语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )中的一个考查热点 它是英语语言综合运用中的灵魂,没有动词的句子,就不是完整的句子可以将动词进行分类学习
一 在句子中否定词前移的动词类
在主从复合句中,若主句的主语为第一人称,这 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )类动词后面接含否定意义的宾语从句时,要把从句的否定词转移到主句中去 这类动词有think, believe, expert, imagine, suppose, feel, guess, fancy等 例如:
To tell you the truth ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), I don't suppose he can give you any help in such a short time,
A. do I B. can't he
C. can he D. don't you (答案为C)
在回答对方提问时,这类动词的常用句式为“I expect so/not” 例如:
—We don't believe we can make such an attempt, can we
—I expect not.
二 计划未能实现的动词类
此类动词常用过去完成时,其 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )后接动词不定式作宾语,或用于一般过去时,其后接不定式的完成式表示虚拟语气,或表达原来的计划未能实现 这类动词有intend, mean, plan, expect, hope, think, want, suppose等 例如:
I had meant to tell ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) you about it yesterday, but the snowstorm prevented me.
They hoped to hav ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e stayed there a week, but the word came. I had to come back.
三 表示将来时间的动词类
这类动词常用一般现在时 现在进行时 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )表示将来时间 它们有come, go, leave, start, arrive, move, begin, fall, see, stay, take off等 例如:
Your plane takes off at a quarter past two in the afternoon.
四 表示“据说”意义的动词类
此类动词常用过去分词形式,表示“据说” “据 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )报道”等意思 常见句式为“It + be + 过去分词+ that从句” 这类动词有decide, say, know, report, think, believe, suppose, declare, announce等 注意: order, suggest, request后面的that从句中常用虚拟语气,也可省略should, 直接用动词原形来表示 例如:
It is ordered ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) that this design (should) be given up as quickly as possible.
It is announced that two teams will have a game in our school.
五 使用替代词的动词类
此类动词后面常接so/n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ot作宾语,以此回答或代替前面的句子或主从复合句中的从句及谓语动词 这类动词有believe, guess, imagine, expect, hope, would like等 例如:
—Will it rain this weekend
—I expect so/not.
六 混合使用在被动结构中的动词类
此类动词常用“动词be + 过去分词” ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )结构,这种结构既表示被动意义,又表示一种状态 常见的这种结构有be surprised, be astonished, be discouraged, be pleased, be disappointed, be frightened, be satisfied, be absorbed, be born, be dressed, be devoted, be seated, be engaged in, be obliged to, be supposed to, be supplied with, be connected with, be equipped with, be married to等 例如:
These years they have been engaged in building the Three Gorges.
You are supposed to send for a doctor immediately.
七 能带同源宾语的动词类
有些不及物动词后面可以接词源相同的名词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )作宾语,即同源宾语 这一名词前面往往有一个修饰语或另一个名词的所有格 这类动词有die, smile, live, dream, laugh, smell, run, sing, whistle, fight等 例如:
He died a heroic death.
He smiled a forced smile.
Then they lived a dog's life.
The lady laughed a hearty laugh.
八 瞬间动词类
瞬间动词(又叫终止性动词)表示动作 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )不能延续,在肯定句中不能与表达一段时间的状语连用 这类动词有go, come, leave, start, return, begin, arrive, stop, finish, borrow, lend, open, close, die, become, break, join, kill, marry, graduate等 比较:
They have become friends since they met in Shanghai. (错误)
They have been friends since they met in Shanghai. (正确)
My grandfather has died for ten years. (错误)
My grandfather has been dead for ten years. (正确)
九 带介词to的动词词组类
这类动词词组有lead to(导致), ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )stick to(坚持), refer to(提及), look forward to(盼望), belong to(属于), object to(反对), be/get used to(习惯于), be accustomed to(习惯于), adjust to(适应), adapt to(适应), put an end to(结束), devote ... to(献身于), set to(开始积极的做), get down to(着手), give one's life to(献身于), prefer + v-ing ... to + v-ing(与……比更喜欢……), come to(谈到), be supposed to(反对), agree to, add to等 例如:
The red-letter day he has been looking forward to is coming today!
My brother objects to being made fun of him.
十 与冠词连用,表示“拍” “打” “拉” “抓”意义的动词类
这类动词有pat, tap, hit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), beat, strike, take, catch, grasp, pull, seize等 这类动词常用的句式为“主语+ 及物动词+ sb + 介词+ the + 身体部位” 例如:
The angry father caught his son by the arm.
The naughty boy hit the man on the nose.
十一 感官使役动词类
这类动词后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )补足语的时候,表示动作已经完成或表示动作的全过程;后接动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语时,表示动作正在进行,后接过去分词时表示一个被动动作已经完成 但在被动结构中作主语补足语的动词不定式要带to 这类动词有see, look at, watch, notic, observe, hear, feel, listen to, make, let等 例如:
I saw two boys playing football on the playground.
We often heard this song sung by our students after class.
When I stayed a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t home, I often made my little brother cry, but last week, I was made to cry by my little brother.
十二 系动词类
能用作系动词的词后面常接形容词或名词作 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )表语,此时动词没有进行时态和被动语态 这类动词有be, appear, become, feel, look, sound, seem, taste, prove, remain, smell, grow, turn, go, come, run, fall, make, remain, continue, stand, lie, sit, exist等 例如:
This roasted duck looks good and smells delicious.
On hearing the news he looked sad and he looked at me sadly.
My brother remained silent all time at the meeting.
The speech he made proved disappointing.
十三 后接动名词作宾语的动词类
此类动词及短语动词后面接动名词作宾语 这类 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )动词和短语动词有mind, risk, avoid, enjoy, escape, keep, suggest, appreciate, practise, delay, finish, forbid, deny, feel like, look forward to, can't help, keep(on), miss, be used to, excuse, be worth, imagine, put off, give up等 例如:
He is consider ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing finishing pratising playing the notes in order not to disturb others.
The tiger escaped being killed by the hunter.
十四 后接动词不定式作宾语的动词类
这类动词后面常接动词不定式作宾语 它们 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )有afford, agree, aim, arrange, ask, choose, decide, demand, determine, expect, refuse, wish, hope, order, promise, pretend, offer, happen, seem, make up one's mind, used, be about, be able, have等 例如:
She pretended not to see me when I passed by.
My father earns a l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ow salary every month, so he can't afford to buy such an expensive car.
十五 后面既可接动词不定式又可接动名词的动词类
这类动词的后面既可接动词不定式又可接动名 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词 其中区别不大的有begin, continue, like, love, prefer, start, hate 意义有明显区别的有try to do(努力做), try doing(试着做), mean to do(打算), mean doing(意味着做), can't help doing(忍不住做), can't help to do(不能帮助做), remember doing(记得做过), remember to do(记住去做), regret doing (后悔做过), forget to do(忘记去做), forget doing(忘记做过), stop to do sth(停下正做的事去做另外一件事), stop doing sth(停止正在做的事), go on to do sth(接着做另一件事), go on doing sth(继续做某事) 例如:
I am too busy today, s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o I can't help to wash the dishes. 今天太忙,我不能帮助刷盘子了
Hearing the story, I can't help laughing heartily. 听到这个故事,我情不自禁地笑了起来
十六 表示“需要”意义的动词类
这类动词后面既可以直接接动名词,也可 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )接动词不定式的被动式,但二者均可表示被动含义 这类动词有need, want, require, deserve等 例如:
The new teaching bu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ilding needs painting. (= The new teaching building needs to be painted.)
Your suggestion dese ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rves reconsidering. (= Your suggestion deserves to be reconsidered.)
十七 用在虚拟语气中的动词类
表示应该(或规劝 命令 建议 要求 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))等意义的动词后面,宾语从句中的谓语动词要用“should + 动词原形”的形式,其中should常常可以省略 这类动词有order, suggest, insist, advise, command, demand, require等 例如:
Captain Cook commanded his men (should) jump into the sea.
The police required that I (should) turn up.
十八 用主动形式表示被动意义的动词类
这类动词常用主动形式表示被动的意义, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )其后常跟副词well, easily, poorly, 用来说明主语的特点 性质或状态等 这类动词有break, burn, cook, cut, drive, eat, iron, keep, play, sell, last, open, shut, wear, wash, write, translate, print, run, read, operate等 例如:
The clothes my mother bought for me last year washed well.
The pen writes smoothly.
十九 不能用于被动语态和进行时的动词类
这类动词不能用于被动语态,它们用作谓语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )动词时,也不能用于进行时 这类动词(短语)有become, cost, have, last, hold(容纳), fit, stand(忍受), suit, belong to, consist, exist, depend, happen, take place, run out(用完), break out, give out(耗尽), go out(熄灭), burst forth(突然爆发)等 例如:
The car in the garage belongs to my elder brother.
The chair gave out under the fat man.
The fuel ran out on the way.
二十 后接反身代词作宾语的动词类
这类动词后面常接反身代词作宾 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语 它们有enjoy, seat, present, teach, help, devote, call, find, force等 例如:
He taught himself law when free and devoted himself to teaching.
He devoted himself to the revolution many years ago.
The boy called himself a fool when he was told to leave the garden.
二．动词短语
短语动词是高考考查的一个热点，分析近年高考试题可知，高考对动词短语的考查主要有以下几个方式。
（一）、不同的动词，后面加上相同的小品词
使用频率较高的这类动词有： ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )call, cut, come, go, get, go, look, put, set, turn, take, pay, pick, make等。常见的介词或副词有：in, off, out, up, away, for, on, over等。
1. 动词+ away构成的短语动词有：
throw away扔掉；put away ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )把……收拾好；give away捐赠，分发；carry away运走；run away 潜逃；跑开；go away 走开
2. 动词+ for构成的短语动词有：
answer for负责；provide f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )or供养；call for要求；plan for打算，为……计划；hope for希望，期待；ask for索取，寻找；send for派人去请；go for努力获取；pay for偿还，赔偿；wait for等待; look for寻找等。
3. 动词+ on构成的短语动词有：
try on试穿，试验；put on穿上，上 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )演；have on穿着，戴着；pull on穿，戴；hold on不挂断，坚持，继续；carry on继续开展，坚持；keep on继续；go on继续；get on上（车）；come on赶快等。
4. 动词+ over构成的短语动词有：
come over过来；ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd over移交；go over仔细检查，复习；get over克复，恢复；look over检查；think over仔细考虑；take over接受，接管；hand over 移交；turn over翻转等等。
5. 动词+ up构成的短语动词有：
bring up抚育，培养；ca ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ll up召唤，打电话给；come up走进，上来; cut up切碎; fix up修理；give up放弃；go up 上升，增长；grow up 长大；look up尊敬，向上看，查寻；make up虚构，弥补，组成；put up举起，搭建；pick up 捡起，（开车）接某人，偶然得到；set up建立，创（纪录）; send up发射; show up 揭露，露面；turn up出现，把……调高一点; take up占据，开始从事等等。
6. 动词+ out构成的短语动词有：
come out出来; go out出去， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )熄灭; look out留神，当心; walk out走出; set out出发，开始; put out扑灭，生产; give out发出，发表; hand out分发; pick out挑选; find out找出，发现; speak out大声地说; turn out生产，打扫; get out出去，离开; work out计算出，解决，实行，行得通; carry out实现，执行; bring out出版；start out 出发，动身等等。
（二）、同一个动词后面加上不同的小品词（即介词或副词）
常见的这类动词有：break，die, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) call, cut, come, go, get, go, look, put, set, turn, take, pay, pick, make等等。
1. break + 介词/ 副词的短语动词有：
break down击败，摧毁，发 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )生故障，（身体）垮掉；break out爆发；break through突破，突围；break off 中断，突然停止；break up打碎，分解，驱散；break in闯入（不及物）；break into破门而入（及物）；break away突然离开，逃脱，脱离等等。
2. bring +介词的短语动词有：
bring about使发生；b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ring back拿回来，使恢复；bring down打倒，降低；bring in引进；bring out出版，生产；bring up培养，养育；bring over把……带来等等。
3. come + 介词/ 副词的短语动词有：
come in进来；come from ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 来自于……；come about产生；come over过来; come out出来，出现；come by从旁经过；come up上来，走进; come across偶遇；come along发生，进步；come after跟着……来；come back回来；come around绕道而来；come down下来；come on快点，赶快等等。
4. cut + 介词的短语动词有：
cut in插嘴，插入；cut i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nto切入；cut across抄近路；cut back减少；cut off切断；cut up切碎; cut away砍掉；cut down砍倒，削减；cut out剪取，剪掉；cut through通过，穿过等等。
5. call + 介词/ 副词的短语动词有：
call after以……的名字来命 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )名；call for要求；call back叫回，召回，回忆；call up使人想起，给某人打电话；call on号召，拜访某人；call in （at）在某地稍作逗留，邀请；call off取消等等
6. get + 介词/ 副词的短语动词有：
get about传播；get thr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ough到达，做完，通过，度过，打通（电话）；get in进入，陷入；get on上车，进展，融洽相处；get off下车，下来；get out出去，离开；get over 克服；get across通过，被理解；get along与……融洽相处；get away离开，脱身等等。
7. give + 介词/ 副词的短语动词有：
give up放弃；gi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve in屈服，投降; give away赠送，捐赠，无意中泄漏，错过；give over移交，交出；give off放出，发出，排出；give out分发，散发，放出（光，热）；give back归还。
8. go + 介词/ 副词的短语动词有：
go ahead着手，开始（做）， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )进行；go along进展，前进；go around流传，传播；go away离去，走开；go beyond超过；go by过去，流逝；go down下降；go up上升；go for喜欢；go off离开，停止；go on继续，发生；go over复习，温习；go through经历，穿过等等。
9. look + 介词/ 副词的短语有：
look after照顾 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，照料；look away把目光移开；look around环顾；look at看；look down朝下看；look for寻找；look into调查；look out当心；look over检查；look through浏览，检查；look up向上看，查阅等等。
10. turn + 介词/ 副词的短语动词有：
turn about / roun ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d（使）向后转，回头，转身；turn against（使）反对（某人）；turn away转过脸去，拒绝；turn back往回走；turn down调低，关小，拒绝；turn in上缴，上交；turn into（使）变成；turn off关掉；turn on打开；turn out熄灭，生产；turn over翻过来；turn to求助于，转向；turn up调高，到达，出现等等。
11. put + 介词/ 副词的短语动词有：
put aside把……放在一边 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，积蓄；put away把……收拾好，积蓄；put back把……放回原处；put down放下，镇压；put forward提出，建议；put in放进；put off推迟，拖延；put on穿上，戴上，增加，上演；put out生产出，出版；put up举起等等。
12. be / get / become + 过去分词/ 形容词+ 介词的短语动词有：
be dressed in穿着；b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e fond of 爱好，喜爱；be lost in沉溺于；be located in位于；be addicted to沉溺于；be used to习惯于；be curious about对……好奇；be engaged in忙于……；be glad to乐意……；be convinced of确信，认识到；be aware of知道；be worried about担心等等。
13. 动词+ 副词+ 介词的短语动词有：
add up to合计达； ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )break away from从……脱离开；come up with找到，提出；catch up with赶上；get down to开始认真地做某事；go in for参加，追求；keep away from远离；keep up with跟上；date back to追溯到；put up with忍受，容忍；run out of用完；watch out for当心；look down upon瞧不起；go ahead with开始，着手；go along with一起去，同意；hold on to坚持等等。
（三）、动词不同，小品词也不同。这一类题应该是最难的，因为它考查面广且灵活多变。
【例】She’s having ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a lot of trouble with the new computer, but she doesn’t know whom to__________ .
A. turn to B. look for C. deal with D. talk about
【解析】turn to“求助于”；l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ook for“寻找”；deal with“处理”；talk about“谈论”。句意是“她使用这部新电脑一直有麻烦，但她不知道该找谁帮忙。”故正确答案为A。
【考点诠释】
考点一、考查动词词义辨析
这类试题的四个选项是在结构上都很相近的动词。要做好这类试题，必须明确各个动词的词义和用法，然后根据题意需要选用合适的动词。
例Recently, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) these companies have _______ some workers because of the drop in economy.
A. hired B. dismissed C. refused D. employed
考点二、 考查近义动词辨析
这类试题的四个选项无 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )论在意义上还是在结构上都是很相近的动词。面对这类试题，必须要从四个动词的语义差别、用法特点等入手才能选出符合题意的动词。
例When his brothe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r was to cross the street, he was knocked down by a truck and badly _______。
A. injured B damaged C. harmed D. destroyed
考点三、考查动词与其宾语的固定搭配
英语中有许多动词与其宾语有固定的搭配和习惯用法。碰到这类试题时，解答的关键是弄清题意，然后根据题意选择符合固定搭配或习惯用法的动词。
例 With modern equ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ipment, many mysteries have _______ to light in recent years.
A. bought B. come C. thrown D. appeared
考点四、 考查动词与其宾补的固定搭配
英语中有些动词后跟宾补时，有其固定搭配 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，如let/have/make sb. do sth.，get/force sb. to do sth.，allow/permit/forbid sb. to do sth.等。解答这类试题的关键是分析句子结构，找到作宾补的不定式，然后看不定式前是否有不定式符号to，最后确定该用什么动词。
例The card reads: ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“Dear Mom and Dad, they are _______ everyone write home. Love, Joey.”
A. advising B. suggesting C. letting D. making
考点五、 考查系动词
动词作系动词用时，后面常接 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )形容词、名词、分词和不定式等，此时动词没有进行时和被动语态。这类动词有：appear, become, feel, look, sound, seem, taste, prove, remain, stay, smell, grow, turn, go, come, fall, stand, lie, exist等。解答这类试题的关键首先是弄清题意，然后是分析句子结构，由此可判断出该动词是否用作系动词，最后确定所要填入的答案。
例The effect of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the medicine on this kind of disease remains _______.
A. seen B. to be seen C. seeing D. to see
【备考提示】1. 全面牢固地掌握英语基础知识 高考英语单项选择题几乎覆盖了中学阶段所有的语言项目,这就要求同学们必须打好基本功
2．着重训练在具体的语境中灵 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )活运用语言知识的能力 近几年的高考单项选择题越来越重视情景的设置,几乎每一道题都放在实际的交际中会出现的语境中进行考查
考点六、考查同根动词短语的辨析
这类试题的四个选项都是由同一个动词加不同的介 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词或副词构成。从历年高考试题来看，那些搭配能力强、语义丰富的常用动词短语是命题的重点对象。解答这类试题时，一定要在理解语境的基础上，从语义逻辑、固定搭配、前后关系等角度去确定答案。
例How I wish that I co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uld _______ my ideas in simple and wonderful English when chatting on the net.
A. set out B. set off C. set in D. set up
考点七、考查同根介词或副词的动词短语的辨析
这类试题的四个选项是由不同的动词加相同的介词或副词构成。解答这类试题的关键首先还是弄清题意，然后选出符合题意和句子结构需要的动词短语。
例When I was twenty, I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )had to _______ before graduation and work in a clothes shop to help support my family.
A. drop out ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. come out C. leave out D. stay out
例Take care during the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )holidays! Drinking too much can _______ heart disease and cause high blood pressure.
A. contribute ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to B. relate to C. attend to D. devote to
考点八、考查不同动词构成的动词短语的辨析
这类试题的四个选项是由四个不同的动词构成的动词短语。解答这类试题的关键是根据题干意思，选出符合题意的动词短语。
例The society ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )today offers the young generation more chances to _______ their talent and skills.
A. give out B. take in C. show off D. carry on
考点九、考查“动词+副词+介词”短语的辨析
这类试题的四个选项要么是四个不同动词，但 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )副词相同、介词不同的动词短语；要么是四个动词相同、副词相同、介词不同的动词短语。解答这类试题时，弄清题意诚然重要，但还要注意该短语的尾词是介词、副词还是不定式符号to，切忌想当然。
例—Do you know the plan his daughter will _______ spread a lot
—Really I don’t know it yet.
A. get down to B. come up to C. live up to D. look up to
例 “I can’t __ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_____ your rudeness any more，leave the room，”shouted Mary.（2009武汉调研）
A. put up to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. put up from C. put up into D. put up with
【备考提示】1. 全面牢固地掌握英语基础知识 高考英语单项选择题几乎覆盖了中学阶段所有的语言项目,这就要求同学们必须打好基本功
2．着重训练在具体的语境中灵活运 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )用语言知识的能力 近几年的高考单项选择题越来越重视情景的设置,几乎每一道题都放在实际的交际中会出现的语境中进行考查
动词用法与辨析
◆典型陷阱题分析◆
1. If you want to sell your product you must _____ it.
A. advertise B. advertise for
C. advertise on D. advertise to
2. No matter how m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uch you’ve learned and how high a standard of education you have had, you must _______ the people heart and soul.
A. serve B. serve for
C. serve to D. serve on
请看以下类似例子：
(1) I _____ you yesterday, but you weren’t in.
A. rang B. rang to
C. rang with D. rang to
(2) Neither of her parents wanted her to _____ her cousin.
A. marry B. marry to
C. marry with D. marry for
(3) How can I _____ you, Mr. Green
A. contact B. contact with
C. contact to D. contact for
3. According to th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e rules, students must not ______ their books during examinations.
A. read B. watch
C. notice D. look at
4. “I love travel ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing. I hope to go with you this time.” “But does your mother _____ you to go ”
A. let B. agree
C. allow D. promise
5. If they _______ to make heart-felt apologies soon we will have to bring an action against them.
A. disagreed B. refused
C. agreed D. hoped
6. They own two cars, not to _____ a motorbike.
A. speak B. say
C. talk D. mention
7. “Do your paren ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ts agree to your doing that ” “Yes, of course. In fact, they always ______ me to try something new.”
A. hope B. suggest
C. support D. encourage
顺便说一句，以下英汉语表达也有类似差别，请注意：
汉语说“希望某人做某事”，但英语不说 hope sb to do sth。
汉语说“同意某人做某事”，但英语不说 agree sb to do sth。
汉语说“不同意某人做某事”，但英语不说disagree sb to do sth。
汉语说“害怕某人做某事”，但英语不说 fear sb to do sth。
汉语说“拒绝某人做某事”，但英语不说 refuse sb to do sth。
汉语说“惩罚某人做某事”，但英语不说 punish sb to do sth。
汉语说“建议某人做某事”，但英语不说 suggest sb to do sth。
汉语说“建议某人做某事”，但英语不说 propose sb to do sth。
汉语说“赞成某人做某事”，但英语不说 approve sb to do sth。
汉语说“安排某人做某事”，但英语不说 arrange sb to do sth。
汉语说“要求某人做某事”，但英语不说 demand sb to do sth。
汉语说“感谢某人做某事”，但英语不说 thank sb to do sth。
汉语说“指导某人做某事”，但英语不说 guide sb to do sth。
汉语说“祝贺某人做某事”，但英语不说 congratulate sb to do sth。
汉语说“阻止某人做某事”，但英语不说 prevent sb to do sth。
汉语说“通知某人做某事”，但英语不说 inform sb to do sth。
汉语说“欢迎某人做某事”，但英语不说 welcome sb to do sth。
汉语说“陪伴某人做某事”，但英语不说 accompany sb to do sth。
要表示以上汉语意思，英语需改用其他说法。如：
advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事
wish sb to do sth / hope for sb to do sth 希望某人做某事
arrange for sb to do sth 安排某人做某事
demand of sb to do sth 要求某人做某事
thank sb for doing sth 感谢某人做了某事
congratulate sb on doing sth 祝贺某人做了某事
prevent sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
等等。
8. Nowadays ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )everyone hopes to ______ good education so as to get a good job in the future.
A. accept B. accept a
C. receive D. receive a
9. Wearing dark glasses can _______ your eyes from the sun.
A. care B. prevent
C. defend D. protect
10. Mr. Smith ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) was in great need of money, so he ____ $2 000 for his car.
A. paid B. took
C. cost D. spent
11. There are many kinds _____, but I don’t know which to buy.
A. to be chosen B. to choose from
C. to choose D. for choosing
请做以下试题：
(1) “We have sen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t out two best players to the sports meet. What about you ” “Well, not yet. We have few ______, I’d say.”
A. chosen B. to choose
C. to be chosen D. to choose from
(2) “I’d like to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )buy an expensive camera.” “Well, we have several models ______.”
A. to pick up B. to pick
C. to choose D. to choose from
12. I _____ him not to go abroad, but he wouldn’t listen.
A. persuaded B. tried to persuade
C. have persuaded D. was persuaded
13. When she came ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )several days later, she found that all things still _______ where she had _______ them.
A. lay; laid B. laid; laid
C. lay; lain D. lying; lain
请做下题：
(1) The hens _____ 50 eggs last week, but this week they aren’t _____.
A. lay, lying B. laid, laying
C. lay, laying D. lied, lying
(2) The girl ______ on the ground _____ to me that had _____ the purse on the desk.
A. lying, lay, laid B. lying, lied, laid
C. lie, lied, lay D. lay, lied, lain
14. He _____ a visit to the factory and was warmly _____ by the workers there.
A. took, welcome B. took, welcomed
C. paid, welcome D. paid, welcomed
15. The boy said that the fish his mother cooked tasted ______.
A. good B. well
C. to be good D. to be well
◆精编陷阱题训练◆
1. We’re so ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )busy that no one in the office can _____ for any other work.
A. spare B. be spared
C. share D. be shared
2. He regards that book _____ one of the worst that he’s _____ read.
A. to be, ever B. to be, never
C. as, ever D. as, never
3. “Did you get a job ” “No, I ______, but it’s no use.”
A. expected B. tried to
C. managed to D. planned
4. “Do you know that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Jack ______ a postman for about six years ” “Yes, I see.”
A. has become B. has turned
C. has changed D. has been
5. The thing tha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t ______ is not whether you fail or not, but whether you try or not.
A. matters B. cares
C. considers D. minds
6. I don’t want ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the green coat. It is red and black colors that ______ me very well.
A. suit B. fit
C. suits D. fits
7. “Will another fifty be enough ” “Just twenty will ______.”
A. work B. do
C. suit D. fit
8. Goodbye, Mr Carter — my secretary will _____ you to the door.
A. send B. lead
C. drive D. show
9. This kind of cancer can be cured, provided it is ______ early.
A. got B. gained
C. seen D. caught
10. We haven ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )’t enough books for everyone; some of you will have to _____.
A. help B. enjoy
C. share D. spare
11. He asked her to marry him and she _____ him.
A. answered B. received
C. accepted D. agreed
12. My worst fe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ars were _____ when I saw what the exam questions were.
A. done B. seen
C. finished D. realized
13. The plan looks good on paper, but will it _____
A. work B. pass
C. agree D. does
14. What’s the matter with the radio Why isn’t it _____
A. broadcasting B. working
C. doing D. sounding
15. High unempl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oyment _____ the government billions of pounds in lost taxes.
A. spends B. takes
C. uses D. costs
16. It’s hard to rescue drowning people because they _____ so much.
A. sink B. swim
C. jump D. struggle
17. She went to t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he station to meet her husband, but _____ him in the crowd.
A. passed B. recognized
C. missed D. lost
18. I missed what was happening because I wasn’t ______ very closely.
A. noticing B. running
C. watching D. glancing
19. If you lend me a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) pound, it will _____ me having to go to the bank.
A. save B. share
C. serve D. help
20. Don’t _______ your breath trying to persuade them; they’ll never listen.
A. use B. waste
C. spend D. put
21. He has spent li ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ttle time on his lessons this term, so he _____ to fail the exam.
A. expects B. hopes
C. wishes D. requires
22. He will never ______ anything if he doesn’t work hard.
A. hope B. wish
C. achieve D. succeed
短语动词考点
◆典型陷阱题分析◆
1. When he realized ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the police had seen him, the man ______ the exit as quickly as possible.
A. made off B. made for C. made out D. made up
2. Now and then they would ______ our house and have a talk with us.
A. call on B. drop in at C. drop in on D. drop in
3. “Why didn’t you write ” “My ink has _______.”
A. used up B. run out of C. given away D. given out
4. I think you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r health will soon ______ if you have a holiday on the seaside.
A. give up B. pick up C. take up D. get up
◆精编陷阱题训练◆
1. To our su ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rprise the stranger _____ to be an old friend of my mother’s.
A. turned out B. turned up C. set out D. set up
2. All the girls swam in the lake except two, who _____ halfway.
A. gave off B. gave up C. gave away D. gave out
3. If the new arrang ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ement doesn’t _____, we’ll go back to the old one.
A. work over B. work out C. work up D. work in
4. “Have great chan ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ges taken place in your village ” “Yes, A new school was ______ in the village last year.”
A. held up B. set up C. sent up D. brought up
5. I had to ______ because someone else wanted to use the phone.
A. give up B. put up C. hang up D. ring up
6. Elephants would ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )______ if men were allowed to shoot as many as they wished.
A. die down B. die out C. die away D. die off
7. My study of b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iology has ______ much of my spare time, but it has given me a great deal of enjoyment.
A. taken off B. taken down C. taken up D. taken away
8. The plan ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ___ just because people were unwilling to co-operate(合作).
A. broke down B. pulled down C. turned down D. put down
9. The government ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) has _______ the parents to work with teachers in the education of their children.
A. asked for B. called for C. looked for D. paid for
10. John has p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ut on so much weight recently that his mother has to ______ all his trousers to his measure.
A. let out B. give away C. bring in D. make up
11. I can ______ some noise while I’m studying, but I can’t stand very loud noise.
A. put up with B. get rid of C. have effect on D. keep away from
12. The moth ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er often tells her son to be a good boy, warning him to ______ trouble.
A. hold back from B. keep out of C. break away from D. get rid of
13. To my surpr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ise, the manager ______ 30 dollars from my salary without any good reason.
A. cut off B. held up C. brought down D. kept back
14. Steven has a lot ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of work to _______ in the office since he has been away for quite a few days.
A. take up B. make up C. work out D. carry out
15. Although Jan ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e agrees with me on most points, there was one on which she was unwilling to _______.
A. give out B. give in C. give away D. give off
16. You should ______ what your parents expect of you.
A. live up to B. stand up to C. look up to D. run up to
17. I can har ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dly believe my eyes. What a poor composition you have _______. There are so many wrong spellings in it.
A. turned into B. turned off C. turned to D. turned in
18. “Why don’t we ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )go for a picnic this weekend ” “Good idea! I would ______ the car and you’ll prepare the food.”
A. look after B. take care of C. see about D get down to
19. How I wish ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) that I could ______ my ideas in simple and wonderful English when chatting on the net.
A. set out B. set off C. set over D. set up
20. Some kinds of ani ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mals can _______ the color of their surroundings.
A. take on B. dress up C. put on D. get into
【高考试题放送】
〖10全国Ⅰ〗The wor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )kers ______ the glasses and marked on each box “ This Side Up”
A. carried B. delivered C. pressed D. packed
〖考点〗动词词义辨析
〖10全国Ⅱ〗My mother opened drawer to _________the knives and spoons.
A. put away B. put up C. put on D. put together
〖10福建〗More and ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities space.
A. in search of B. in place of C. for lack of D. for fear of
〖10福建〗We’ve just ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )moved into a bigger house and there’s a lot to do. Let’s it.
A. keep up with B. do away with C. get down to D. look forward to
〖10福建〗– In this day a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd age, women can have children and jobs as well.
--I can’t agree more. It’s great to have the two .
A. linked B. related C. connected D. combined
〖10上海〗In ancient ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )times, people rarely traveled long distances and most farmers only traveled the local market.
A. longer than B. more than C. as much as D. as far as
〖10安徽〗No matter ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )how low you consider yourself, there is always someone ______you wishing they were that high
A. getting rid of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. getting along with C. Looking up to D. looking down upon
〖10安徽〗----How did you like Nick’s performance last night
----To be honest, his singing didn’t _______to me much
A. appeal B . belong C refer D. occur
〖10江西〗Parents ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) _______ much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.
A attach B pay C link D apply
〖10江西〗Smell the flo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )wers before you go to sleep, and you may just ______ sweet dreams.
A keep up with B put up with C end up with D catch up with
〖10江西〗We give dogs tim ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e, space and love we c an spare, and _____, dogs give us their all.
A in all B in fact C in short D in return
〖10山东〗Sam __ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )___ some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it.
A. brought up B. looked up C. picked up D. set up
〖10山东〗Your house is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) always so neat—how do you ______ it with three children
A. manage B. serve C. adapt D. construct
〖10天津〗Joining ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the firm as a clerk, he got rapid promotion , and as a manager.
A. ended up ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. dropped out C. came back D. started off
〖10天津〗He tel ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ephoned the travel agency to three air tickets to London.
A. order B. arrange C. take D. book
〖10四川〗Some people eat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )with their eyes. They prefer to order what nice.
A. looks B. smells C. feels D. tastes
〖10四川〗Jenny was loo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )king for a seat when, luckily, a man and left．
A．took up B．got up C．shut up D．set up
〖10江苏〗Thousands of for ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eigners were______ to the Shanghai World Expo the day it opened.
A. attended B. attained C. attracted D. attached
〖10江苏〗The exp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eriment has_________ the possibility of the existence of any life on that planet, but it does not mean there is no life on other planets.
A. found out B. pointed out C. ruled out D. carried out
〖10江苏〗So far ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )we have done a lot to build a low-carbon economy, but it is________ ideal. We have to work still harder.
A. next to B. far from C. out of D. due to
〖10陕西〗You look well. T ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he air and the sea foods in Sanya must _____ you, I suppose.
A. agree with B. ag ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ree to C. agree on D. agree about
〖10湖北〗Just as the clo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )thes a person wears , the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time, his house his personality.
A. resembles B. strengthens C. reflects D. shapes
〖10湖北〗Had he her promise, she would have made it to Yale University.
A. looked up t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o B. lived up to C. kept up with D. come up with
〖10湖北〗It is i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )llegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money favors to them.
A. in preferenc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e to B. in place of C. in agreement with D. in exchange for
〖10辽宁〗Thousands of pe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ople _______ to watch yesterday’s match against Ireland.
A．turned on B． ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )turned in C．turned around D．turned out
〖10辽宁〗The new movie ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) _____ to be one of the biggest money-makers of all time .
A. promises B. agrees c. pretends D. declines
〖10浙江〗The majorit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y of people in the town strongly the plan to build a playground for children.
A．consider B．support C．confirm D．submit
〖10浙江〗After that, he ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) knew he could any emergency by doing what be could to the best of his ability.
A．get away with B．get on with C．get through D．get across
【2011全国卷,34】W ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )illiam found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to .
A.disappear B.fall C.fail D.damage
【2011全国卷II,10】Mary, I_____John of his promise to help you.
A. told B. reminded C. warned D. advised
【2011天津卷,6】I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a bank account after I made﹩1,000 by doing a part-time job during the summer vacation.
A.borrowed B.opened C.entered D.ordered
【2011江苏卷,28】——Are you still mad at her
——Not really, but I can’t ______ that her remarks hurt me.
A．deny B．refuse C．reject D．decline
【2011福建卷,28】 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )I’d prefer to my judgment until I find all the evidence.
A.show B. express C.pass D.reserve
【2011安徽卷,21】As the sto ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ry______, the truth about the strange figure is slowly discovered.
A. begins B. happens C. ends D. develops
【2011湖北卷,26】Know ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ledge and learning are important if we want to be successful, but they may also________ our thinking.
A. direct B. limit C. change D. improve
【2011湖北卷,27】The min ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ister said. “We are ready for discussions with any legal parties, but we’ll never_______ with criminals.”
A. negotiate B. quarrel C. argue D. consult
【答案】A
【2011湖北卷,28】Clin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ical evidence began to__________, suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activities than had been predicted from experiments in animals.
A. operate B. strengthen C. approve D. accumulate
【2011辽宁卷,22】What ar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e you doing out of bed, Tom You're to be asleep. ,
A. supposed B. known C. thought D. considered
【2011辽宁卷,24】You are old enough to your own living.
A.win B. gain C. take D. earn
【2011全国卷,26】I c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )an the house being untidy, but I hate it if it’s not clean.
A. come up with B.put up with C. turn to D.stick to
【2011天津卷,8】She ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store.
A.turned down B.dealt with C.took after D.came across
【2011山东卷,25】They are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )broadening the bridge to ________ the flow of traffic.
A. put off B. speed up C. turn on D. work out
【2011江苏卷,30】——You look upset. What’s the matter？
—— I had my proposal _______ again.
A．turned over B．turned on C．turned off D．turned down
【2011福建卷,31】Born int ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o a family with three brothers, David was to value the sense of sharing.
A.brought up B.turned down C.looked after D.held back
【2011安徽卷, 34】I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f you _____faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price. A. come across B. care about C. look for D. focus upon 【2011浙江卷,6】The school isn’t the one I really wanted to go to ,but I suppose I’ll just have to __________it,
A. make the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )best of B. get away from C. keep an eye on D. catch up with
【2011浙江卷,12】 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of ______at a hotel for the night.
A. putting down B. putting off C. putting on D. putting up
【2011四川卷,7】To get a b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )etter grade, you should __________the notes again before the test.
A. go over B. get over C. turn over D. take over
【2011四川卷,14】I of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ten the words I don’t know in the dictionary or on the lnternet.
A.look up B.look at C. look for D.look into
【2011陕西卷,25】Some inse ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cts________the color of their surroundings to protect themselves.
A. take in B. take off C. take on D. take out
【2011湖北卷,29】The gove ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rnment has taken measures to _________ the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.
A. take down B. bring down C. hand down D. tear down
【2011辽宁卷,26】The exam results will be on Friday afternoon.
A. put down B. put off C. put up D. put away
【2011江西卷35】You can’t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )predict everything. Often things don’t ____ as you expect.
A.run out B.break out C.work out D. put out.
【2012江西卷】30．We ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )were all agreed that the cottage would a perfect holiday home for the family.
A．make B．turn C．take D．have
【2012全国II】12. We ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ______ to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day.
A. set about B. set up C. set out D. set down
13. 【2012天津卷】 Parents ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )and children should communicate more to ________the gap between them so that they can understand
each other better.
A. open B. narrow C. widen D. leave
【2012浙江卷】15.Armed ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) with the information you have gathered, you can_______ preparing your business plan.
A. set out B. set about C. set off D. set up
【2012浙江卷】12.According ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to scientists, our mental abilities begin to______ from the age of 27 after reaching the highest level at 22.
A. get away B. drop in C. check out D. hold on
（2013年高考英语新课标II卷）2. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Would you like to_____ with us to the film tonight
A. come along B. come off C. come across D. come through
（2013年高考英语新课标II卷）8. Th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e watch was very good, and he____ 20 percent down for it.
A. paid B. cost C. bought D. spent
（2013年高考英语新课标I卷）30. A ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t the last moment, Tom decided to_____ a new character to make the story seem more likely.
A. put up B. put in C. put on D. put off
（2013年高考英语浙江卷 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )）9. When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to ______it with important points.
A. conclude B. lead C. avoid D. hold
（2013年高考英语浙江卷）12. A go ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )od listener takes part in the conversation, ______ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing.
A. realizing B. copying C. offering D. misunderstanding
（2013年高考英语浙江卷）17. Bear ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s ______ fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough to last them through their winter sleep.
A. pack up B. build up C. bring up D. take up
（2013年高考英语安徽卷）26. Tra ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ditionally, college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they______on their life journey.
A. give up ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. settle down C. get through D. set off
核心考点五 动词和动词短语
1．(2013 南昌一中月考)T ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )housands of visitors were ________ to the Xi'an International Horticultural Exposition the day it opened.
A．adopted B．accepted C．attracted D．attached
2．(2013 河北三校联合模拟) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )I didn't want to drive all the way to New York by myself，so I ________ Anna，my best friend of ten years，to ride with me.
A．convinced B．consulted C．adopted D．admitted
3．(2013 合肥二模)When th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e book，Twilight，was first ________，it was immediately well received by readers.
A．brought up B．brought down C．brought about D．brought out
4．(2013 厦门一中高三模拟)—Do you know why the teacher asks for me
—He wants you to ________ your absence last night.
A．account for B．call for C．send for D．reach for
5．(2013 黑龙江高考适 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )应性考试)When realizing the guard of the supermarket had spotted him，the thief ________ the exit quickly.
A．made for B．made out C．made up D．made into
6．(2013 河北唐山模拟)The b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ell rang and every student had to ________ their examination papers.
A．give up B．give away C．give out D．give in
7．(2013 桂林部分学校高三质检)T ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he happiest people don't have the best of everything.They just ________ everything.
A．get away from B ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )．make the best of C．fix attention on D．catch up with
8．(2013 广西百所高中联考)The ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )two－year－old girl who was ________ twice and ignored by 18 people has finally died in a hospital.
A．run up B．run away C．run after D．run over
9．(2013 福州质检)Many gre ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at artists were not famous in their own time，and people only started to ________ them many years later.
A．remind B．appreciate C．inspire D．assist
10．It is our respons ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ibility to ________ that the country's health care publications are beneficial to the people.
A．satisfy B．compromise C．quarrel D．ensure
11．(2013 安徽十校素质 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )检测)His injuries are extremely serious，but he's expected to ________.
A．pull in B．pull through C．pull up D．pull over
12．(2013 成都部分高中高三 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )质检)How can Margot ________ from her illness in this room when it is so dirty and dusty？It will only make her worse.
A．suffer B．recover C．discover D．return
13．(2013 南京部分学校高三联考 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))Suddenly I realized that I had stayed here long and ________ to say goodbye to the host.
A．raised B．rose C．lifted D．stood
14．(2013 重庆部分学校高三联考)At ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the edge of the grass，there's a sign saying“________ the grass”．
A．Keep up B．Keep away C．Keep off D．Keep back
15．(2013 烟台高三联合测试 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))As the train ran faster and faster，the lights of the city were soon ________.
A．left off B．left alone C．left behind D．left out
一．动词
动词是英语中的重要词类之一,也是高考英语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )中的一个考查热点 它是英语语言综合运用中的灵魂,没有动词的句子,就不是完整的句子可以将动词进行分类学习
一 在句子中否定词前移的动词类
在主从复合句中,若主句的主语为第一人称,这 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )类动词后面接含否定意义的宾语从句时,要把从句的否定词转移到主句中去 这类动词有think, believe, expert, imagine, suppose, feel, guess, fancy等 例如:
To tell you the truth ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), I don't suppose he can give you any help in such a short time,
A. do I B. can't he
C. can he D. don't you (答案为C)
在回答对方提问时,这类动词的常用句式为“I expect so/not” 例如:
—We don't believe we can make such an attempt, can we
—I expect not.
二 计划未能实现的动词类
此类动词常用过去完成时,其 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )后接动词不定式作宾语,或用于一般过去时,其后接不定式的完成式表示虚拟语气,或表达原来的计划未能实现 这类动词有intend, mean, plan, expect, hope, think, want, suppose等 例如:
I had meant to tell ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) you about it yesterday, but the snowstorm prevented me.
They hoped to hav ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e stayed there a week, but the word came. I had to come back.
三 表示将来时间的动词类
这类动词常用一般现在时 现在进行时 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )表示将来时间 它们有come, go, leave, start, arrive, move, begin, fall, see, stay, take off等 例如:
Your plane takes off at a quarter past two in the afternoon.
四 表示“据说”意义的动词类
此类动词常用过去分词形式,表示“据说” “据 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )报道”等意思 常见句式为“It + be + 过去分词+ that从句” 这类动词有decide, say, know, report, think, believe, suppose, declare, announce等 注意: order, suggest, request后面的that从句中常用虚拟语气,也可省略should, 直接用动词原形来表示 例如:
It is ordered ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) that this design (should) be given up as quickly as possible.
It is announced that two teams will have a game in our school.
五 使用替代词的动词类
此类动词后面常接so/n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ot作宾语,以此回答或代替前面的句子或主从复合句中的从句及谓语动词 这类动词有believe, guess, imagine, expect, hope, would like等 例如:
—Will it rain this weekend
—I expect so/not.
六 混合使用在被动结构中的动词类
此类动词常用“动词be + 过去分词” ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )结构,这种结构既表示被动意义,又表示一种状态 常见的这种结构有be surprised, be astonished, be discouraged, be pleased, be disappointed, be frightened, be satisfied, be absorbed, be born, be dressed, be devoted, be seated, be engaged in, be obliged to, be supposed to, be supplied with, be connected with, be equipped with, be married to等 例如:
These years they have been engaged in building the Three Gorges.
You are supposed to send for a doctor immediately.
七 能带同源宾语的动词类
有些不及物动词后面可以接词源相同的名词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )作宾语,即同源宾语 这一名词前面往往有一个修饰语或另一个名词的所有格 这类动词有die, smile, live, dream, laugh, smell, run, sing, whistle, fight等 例如:
He died a heroic death.
He smiled a forced smile.
Then they lived a dog's life.
The lady laughed a hearty laugh.
八 瞬间动词类
瞬间动词(又叫终止性动词)表示动作 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )不能延续,在肯定句中不能与表达一段时间的状语连用 这类动词有go, come, leave, start, return, begin, arrive, stop, finish, borrow, lend, open, close, die, become, break, join, kill, marry, graduate等 比较:
They have become friends since they met in Shanghai. (错误)
They have been friends since they met in Shanghai. (正确)
My grandfather has died for ten years. (错误)
My grandfather has been dead for ten years. (正确)
九 带介词to的动词词组类
这类动词词组有lead to(导致), ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )stick to(坚持), refer to(提及), look forward to(盼望), belong to(属于), object to(反对), be/get used to(习惯于), be accustomed to(习惯于), adjust to(适应), adapt to(适应), put an end to(结束), devote ... to(献身于), set to(开始积极的做), get down to(着手), give one's life to(献身于), prefer + v-ing ... to + v-ing(与……比更喜欢……), come to(谈到), be supposed to(反对), agree to, add to等 例如:
The red-letter day he has been looking forward to is coming today!
My brother objects to being made fun of him.
十 与冠词连用,表示“拍” “打” “拉” “抓”意义的动词类
这类动词有pat, tap, hit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), beat, strike, take, catch, grasp, pull, seize等 这类动词常用的句式为“主语+ 及物动词+ sb + 介词+ the + 身体部位” 例如:
The angry father caught his son by the arm.
The naughty boy hit the man on the nose.
十一 感官使役动词类
这类动词后接不带to的动词不定式作宾语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )补足语的时候,表示动作已经完成或表示动作的全过程;后接动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语时,表示动作正在进行,后接过去分词时表示一个被动动作已经完成 但在被动结构中作主语补足语的动词不定式要带to 这类动词有see, look at, watch, notic, observe, hear, feel, listen to, make, let等 例如:
I saw two boys playing football on the playground.
We often heard this song sung by our students after class.
When I stayed a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t home, I often made my little brother cry, but last week, I was made to cry by my little brother.
十二 系动词类
能用作系动词的词后面常接形容词或名词作 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )表语,此时动词没有进行时态和被动语态 这类动词有be, appear, become, feel, look, sound, seem, taste, prove, remain, smell, grow, turn, go, come, run, fall, make, remain, continue, stand, lie, sit, exist等 例如:
This roasted duck looks good and smells delicious.
On hearing the news he looked sad and he looked at me sadly.
My brother remained silent all time at the meeting.
The speech he made proved disappointing.
十三 后接动名词作宾语的动词类
此类动词及短语动词后面接动名词作宾语 这类 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )动词和短语动词有mind, risk, avoid, enjoy, escape, keep, suggest, appreciate, practise, delay, finish, forbid, deny, feel like, look forward to, can't help, keep(on), miss, be used to, excuse, be worth, imagine, put off, give up等 例如:
He is consider ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing finishing pratising playing the notes in order not to disturb others.
The tiger escaped being killed by the hunter.
十四 后接动词不定式作宾语的动词类
这类动词后面常接动词不定式作宾语 它们 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )有afford, agree, aim, arrange, ask, choose, decide, demand, determine, expect, refuse, wish, hope, order, promise, pretend, offer, happen, seem, make up one's mind, used, be about, be able, have等 例如:
She pretended not to see me when I passed by.
My father earns a l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ow salary every month, so he can't afford to buy such an expensive car.
十五 后面既可接动词不定式又可接动名词的动词类
这类动词的后面既可接动词不定式又可接动名 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词 其中区别不大的有begin, continue, like, love, prefer, start, hate 意义有明显区别的有try to do(努力做), try doing(试着做), mean to do(打算), mean doing(意味着做), can't help doing(忍不住做), can't help to do(不能帮助做), remember doing(记得做过), remember to do(记住去做), regret doing (后悔做过), forget to do(忘记去做), forget doing(忘记做过), stop to do sth(停下正做的事去做另外一件事), stop doing sth(停止正在做的事), go on to do sth(接着做另一件事), go on doing sth(继续做某事) 例如:
I am too busy today, s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o I can't help to wash the dishes. 今天太忙,我不能帮助刷盘子了
Hearing the story, I can't help laughing heartily. 听到这个故事,我情不自禁地笑了起来
十六 表示“需要”意义的动词类
这类动词后面既可以直接接动名词,也可 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )接动词不定式的被动式,但二者均可表示被动含义 这类动词有need, want, require, deserve等 例如:
The new teaching bu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ilding needs painting. (= The new teaching building needs to be painted.)
Your suggestion dese ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rves reconsidering. (= Your suggestion deserves to be reconsidered.)
十七 用在虚拟语气中的动词类
表示应该(或规劝 命令 建议 要求 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))等意义的动词后面,宾语从句中的谓语动词要用“should + 动词原形”的形式,其中should常常可以省略 这类动词有order, suggest, insist, advise, command, demand, require等 例如:
Captain Cook commanded his men (should) jump into the sea.
The police required that I (should) turn up.
十八 用主动形式表示被动意义的动词类
这类动词常用主动形式表示被动的意义, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )其后常跟副词well, easily, poorly, 用来说明主语的特点 性质或状态等 这类动词有break, burn, cook, cut, drive, eat, iron, keep, play, sell, last, open, shut, wear, wash, write, translate, print, run, read, operate等 例如:
The clothes my mother bought for me last year washed well.
The pen writes smoothly.
十九 不能用于被动语态和进行时的动词类
这类动词不能用于被动语态,它们用作谓语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )动词时,也不能用于进行时 这类动词(短语)有become, cost, have, last, hold(容纳), fit, stand(忍受), suit, belong to, consist, exist, depend, happen, take place, run out(用完), break out, give out(耗尽), go out(熄灭), burst forth(突然爆发)等 例如:
The car in the garage belongs to my elder brother.
The chair gave out under the fat man.
The fuel ran out on the way.
二十 后接反身代词作宾语的动词类
这类动词后面常接反身代词作宾 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语 它们有enjoy, seat, present, teach, help, devote, call, find, force等 例如:
He taught himself law when free and devoted himself to teaching.
He devoted himself to the revolution many years ago.
The boy called himself a fool when he was told to leave the garden.
二．动词短语
短语动词是高考考查的一个热点，分析近年高考试题可知，高考对动词短语的考查主要有以下几个方式。
（一）、不同的动词，后面加上相同的小品词
使用频率较高的这类动词有： ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )call, cut, come, go, get, go, look, put, set, turn, take, pay, pick, make等。常见的介词或副词有：in, off, out, up, away, for, on, over等。
1. 动词+ away构成的短语动词有：
throw away扔掉；put away ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )把……收拾好；give away捐赠，分发；carry away运走；run away 潜逃；跑开；go away 走开
2. 动词+ for构成的短语动词有：
answer for负责；provide f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )or供养；call for要求；plan for打算，为……计划；hope for希望，期待；ask for索取，寻找；send for派人去请；go for努力获取；pay for偿还，赔偿；wait for等待; look for寻找等。
3. 动词+ on构成的短语动词有：
try on试穿，试验；put on穿上，上 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )演；have on穿着，戴着；pull on穿，戴；hold on不挂断，坚持，继续；carry on继续开展，坚持；keep on继续；go on继续；get on上（车）；come on赶快等。
4. 动词+ over构成的短语动词有：
come over过来；ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd over移交；go over仔细检查，复习；get over克复，恢复；look over检查；think over仔细考虑；take over接受，接管；hand over 移交；turn over翻转等等。
5. 动词+ up构成的短语动词有：
bring up抚育，培养；ca ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ll up召唤，打电话给；come up走进，上来; cut up切碎; fix up修理；give up放弃；go up 上升，增长；grow up 长大；look up尊敬，向上看，查寻；make up虚构，弥补，组成；put up举起，搭建；pick up 捡起，（开车）接某人，偶然得到；set up建立，创（纪录）; send up发射; show up 揭露，露面；turn up出现，把……调高一点; take up占据，开始从事等等。
6. 动词+ out构成的短语动词有：
come out出来; go out出去， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )熄灭; look out留神，当心; walk out走出; set out出发，开始; put out扑灭，生产; give out发出，发表; hand out分发; pick out挑选; find out找出，发现; speak out大声地说; turn out生产，打扫; get out出去，离开; work out计算出，解决，实行，行得通; carry out实现，执行; bring out出版；start out 出发，动身等等。
（二）、同一个动词后面加上不同的小品词（即介词或副词）
常见的这类动词有：break，die, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) call, cut, come, go, get, go, look, put, set, turn, take, pay, pick, make等等。
1. break + 介词/ 副词的短语动词有：
break down击败，摧毁，发 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )生故障，（身体）垮掉；break out爆发；break through突破，突围；break off 中断，突然停止；break up打碎，分解，驱散；break in闯入（不及物）；break into破门而入（及物）；break away突然离开，逃脱，脱离等等。
2. bring +介词的短语动词有：
bring about使发生；b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ring back拿回来，使恢复；bring down打倒，降低；bring in引进；bring out出版，生产；bring up培养，养育；bring over把……带来等等。
3. come + 介词/ 副词的短语动词有：
come in进来；come from ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 来自于……；come about产生；come over过来; come out出来，出现；come by从旁经过；come up上来，走进; come across偶遇；come along发生，进步；come after跟着……来；come back回来；come around绕道而来；come down下来；come on快点，赶快等等。
4. cut + 介词的短语动词有：
cut in插嘴，插入；cut i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nto切入；cut across抄近路；cut back减少；cut off切断；cut up切碎; cut away砍掉；cut down砍倒，削减；cut out剪取，剪掉；cut through通过，穿过等等。
5. call + 介词/ 副词的短语动词有：
call after以……的名字来命 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )名；call for要求；call back叫回，召回，回忆；call up使人想起，给某人打电话；call on号召，拜访某人；call in （at）在某地稍作逗留，邀请；call off取消等等
6. get + 介词/ 副词的短语动词有：
get about传播；get thr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ough到达，做完，通过，度过，打通（电话）；get in进入，陷入；get on上车，进展，融洽相处；get off下车，下来；get out出去，离开；get over 克服；get across通过，被理解；get along与……融洽相处；get away离开，脱身等等。
7. give + 介词/ 副词的短语动词有：
give up放弃；gi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve in屈服，投降; give away赠送，捐赠，无意中泄漏，错过；give over移交，交出；give off放出，发出，排出；give out分发，散发，放出（光，热）；give back归还。
8. go + 介词/ 副词的短语动词有：
go ahead着手，开始（做）， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )进行；go along进展，前进；go around流传，传播；go away离去，走开；go beyond超过；go by过去，流逝；go down下降；go up上升；go for喜欢；go off离开，停止；go on继续，发生；go over复习，温习；go through经历，穿过等等。
9. look + 介词/ 副词的短语有：
look after照顾 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，照料；look away把目光移开；look around环顾；look at看；look down朝下看；look for寻找；look into调查；look out当心；look over检查；look through浏览，检查；look up向上看，查阅等等。
10. turn + 介词/ 副词的短语动词有：
turn about / roun ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d（使）向后转，回头，转身；turn against（使）反对（某人）；turn away转过脸去，拒绝；turn back往回走；turn down调低，关小，拒绝；turn in上缴，上交；turn into（使）变成；turn off关掉；turn on打开；turn out熄灭，生产；turn over翻过来；turn to求助于，转向；turn up调高，到达，出现等等。
11. put + 介词/ 副词的短语动词有：
put aside把……放在一边 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，积蓄；put away把……收拾好，积蓄；put back把……放回原处；put down放下，镇压；put forward提出，建议；put in放进；put off推迟，拖延；put on穿上，戴上，增加，上演；put out生产出，出版；put up举起等等。
12. be / get / become + 过去分词/ 形容词+ 介词的短语动词有：
be dressed in穿着；b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e fond of 爱好，喜爱；be lost in沉溺于；be located in位于；be addicted to沉溺于；be used to习惯于；be curious about对……好奇；be engaged in忙于……；be glad to乐意……；be convinced of确信，认识到；be aware of知道；be worried about担心等等。
13. 动词+ 副词+ 介词的短语动词有：
add up to合计达； ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )break away from从……脱离开；come up with找到，提出；catch up with赶上；get down to开始认真地做某事；go in for参加，追求；keep away from远离；keep up with跟上；date back to追溯到；put up with忍受，容忍；run out of用完；watch out for当心；look down upon瞧不起；go ahead with开始，着手；go along with一起去，同意；hold on to坚持等等。
（三）、动词不同，小品词也不同。这一类题应该是最难的，因为它考查面广且灵活多变。
【例】She’s having ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a lot of trouble with the new computer, but she doesn’t know whom to__________ .
A. turn to B. look for C. deal with D. talk about
【解析】turn to“求助于”；l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ook for“寻找”；deal with“处理”；talk about“谈论”。句意是“她使用这部新电脑一直有麻烦，但她不知道该找谁帮忙。”故正确答案为A。
【考点诠释】
考点一、考查动词词义辨析
这类试题的四个选项是在结构上都很相近的动词。要做好这类试题，必须明确各个动词的词义和用法，然后根据题意需要选用合适的动词。
例Recently, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) these companies have _______ some workers because of the drop in economy.
A. hired B. dismissed C. refused D. employed
考点二、 考查近义动词辨析
这类试题的四个选项无 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )论在意义上还是在结构上都是很相近的动词。面对这类试题，必须要从四个动词的语义差别、用法特点等入手才能选出符合题意的动词。
例When his brothe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r was to cross the street, he was knocked down by a truck and badly _______。
A. injured B damaged C. harmed D. destroyed
考点三、考查动词与其宾语的固定搭配
英语中有许多动词与其宾语有固定的搭配和习惯用法。碰到这类试题时，解答的关键是弄清题意，然后根据题意选择符合固定搭配或习惯用法的动词。
例 With modern equ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ipment, many mysteries have _______ to light in recent years.
A. bought B. come C. thrown D. appeared
考点四、 考查动词与其宾补的固定搭配
英语中有些动词后跟宾补时，有其固定搭配 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，如let/have/make sb. do sth.，get/force sb. to do sth.，allow/permit/forbid sb. to do sth.等。解答这类试题的关键是分析句子结构，找到作宾补的不定式，然后看不定式前是否有不定式符号to，最后确定该用什么动词。
例The card reads: ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“Dear Mom and Dad, they are _______ everyone write home. Love, Joey.”
A. advising B. suggesting C. letting D. making
考点五、 考查系动词
动词作系动词用时，后面常接 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )形容词、名词、分词和不定式等，此时动词没有进行时和被动语态。这类动词有：appear, become, feel, look, sound, seem, taste, prove, remain, stay, smell, grow, turn, go, come, fall, stand, lie, exist等。解答这类试题的关键首先是弄清题意，然后是分析句子结构，由此可判断出该动词是否用作系动词，最后确定所要填入的答案。
例The effect of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the medicine on this kind of disease remains _______.
A. seen B. to be seen C. seeing D. to see
【备考提示】1. 全面牢固地掌握英语基础知识 高考英语单项选择题几乎覆盖了中学阶段所有的语言项目,这就要求同学们必须打好基本功
2．着重训练在具体的语境中灵 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )活运用语言知识的能力 近几年的高考单项选择题越来越重视情景的设置,几乎每一道题都放在实际的交际中会出现的语境中进行考查
考点六、考查同根动词短语的辨析
这类试题的四个选项都是由同一个动词加不同的介 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词或副词构成。从历年高考试题来看，那些搭配能力强、语义丰富的常用动词短语是命题的重点对象。解答这类试题时，一定要在理解语境的基础上，从语义逻辑、固定搭配、前后关系等角度去确定答案。
例How I wish that I co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uld _______ my ideas in simple and wonderful English when chatting on the net.
A. set out B. set off C. set in D. set up
考点七、考查同根介词或副词的动词短语的辨析
这类试题的四个选项是由不同的动词加相同的介词或副词构成。解答这类试题的关键首先还是弄清题意，然后选出符合题意和句子结构需要的动词短语。
例When I was twenty, I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )had to _______ before graduation and work in a clothes shop to help support my family.
A. drop out ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. come out C. leave out D. stay out
例Take care during the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )holidays! Drinking too much can _______ heart disease and cause high blood pressure.
A. contribute ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to B. relate to C. attend to D. devote to
考点八、考查不同动词构成的动词短语的辨析
这类试题的四个选项是由四个不同的动词构成的动词短语。解答这类试题的关键是根据题干意思，选出符合题意的动词短语。
例The society ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )today offers the young generation more chances to _______ their talent and skills.
A. give out B. take in C. show off D. carry on
考点九、考查“动词+副词+介词”短语的辨析
这类试题的四个选项要么是四个不同动词，但 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )副词相同、介词不同的动词短语；要么是四个动词相同、副词相同、介词不同的动词短语。解答这类试题时，弄清题意诚然重要，但还要注意该短语的尾词是介词、副词还是不定式符号to，切忌想当然。
例—Do you know the plan his daughter will _______ spread a lot
—Really I don’t know it yet.
A. get down to B. come up to C. live up to D. look up to
例 “I can’t __ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_____ your rudeness any more，leave the room，”shouted Mary.（2009武汉调研）
A. put up to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. put up from C. put up into D. put up with
【备考提示】1. 全面牢固地掌握英语基础知识 高考英语单项选择题几乎覆盖了中学阶段所有的语言项目,这就要求同学们必须打好基本功
2．着重训练在具体的语境中灵活运 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )用语言知识的能力 近几年的高考单项选择题越来越重视情景的设置,几乎每一道题都放在实际的交际中会出现的语境中进行考查
动词用法与辨析
◆典型陷阱题分析◆
1. If you want to sell your product you must _____ it.
A. advertise B. advertise for
C. advertise on D. advertise to
2. No matter how m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uch you’ve learned and how high a standard of education you have had, you must _______ the people heart and soul.
A. serve B. serve for
C. serve to D. serve on
请看以下类似例子：
(1) I _____ you yesterday, but you weren’t in.
A. rang B. rang to
C. rang with D. rang to
(2) Neither of her parents wanted her to _____ her cousin.
A. marry B. marry to
C. marry with D. marry for
(3) How can I _____ you, Mr. Green
A. contact B. contact with
C. contact to D. contact for
3. According to th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e rules, students must not ______ their books during examinations.
A. read B. watch
C. notice D. look at
4. “I love travel ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing. I hope to go with you this time.” “But does your mother _____ you to go ”
A. let B. agree
C. allow D. promise
5. If they _______ to make heart-felt apologies soon we will have to bring an action against them.
A. disagreed B. refused
C. agreed D. hoped
6. They own two cars, not to _____ a motorbike.
A. speak B. say
C. talk D. mention
7. “Do your paren ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ts agree to your doing that ” “Yes, of course. In fact, they always ______ me to try something new.”
A. hope B. suggest
C. support D. encourage
顺便说一句，以下英汉语表达也有类似差别，请注意：
汉语说“希望某人做某事”，但英语不说 hope sb to do sth。
汉语说“同意某人做某事”，但英语不说 agree sb to do sth。
汉语说“不同意某人做某事”，但英语不说disagree sb to do sth。
汉语说“害怕某人做某事”，但英语不说 fear sb to do sth。
汉语说“拒绝某人做某事”，但英语不说 refuse sb to do sth。
汉语说“惩罚某人做某事”，但英语不说 punish sb to do sth。
汉语说“建议某人做某事”，但英语不说 suggest sb to do sth。
汉语说“建议某人做某事”，但英语不说 propose sb to do sth。
汉语说“赞成某人做某事”，但英语不说 approve sb to do sth。
汉语说“安排某人做某事”，但英语不说 arrange sb to do sth。
汉语说“要求某人做某事”，但英语不说 demand sb to do sth。
汉语说“感谢某人做某事”，但英语不说 thank sb to do sth。
汉语说“指导某人做某事”，但英语不说 guide sb to do sth。
汉语说“祝贺某人做某事”，但英语不说 congratulate sb to do sth。
汉语说“阻止某人做某事”，但英语不说 prevent sb to do sth。
汉语说“通知某人做某事”，但英语不说 inform sb to do sth。
汉语说“欢迎某人做某事”，但英语不说 welcome sb to do sth。
汉语说“陪伴某人做某事”，但英语不说 accompany sb to do sth。
要表示以上汉语意思，英语需改用其他说法。如：
advise sb to do sth 建议某人做某事
wish sb to do sth / hope for sb to do sth 希望某人做某事
arrange for sb to do sth 安排某人做某事
demand of sb to do sth 要求某人做某事
thank sb for doing sth 感谢某人做了某事
congratulate sb on doing sth 祝贺某人做了某事
prevent sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
等等。
8. Nowadays ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )everyone hopes to ______ good education so as to get a good job in the future.
A. accept B. accept a
C. receive D. receive a
9. Wearing dark glasses can _______ your eyes from the sun.
A. care B. prevent
C. defend D. protect
10. Mr. Smith ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) was in great need of money, so he ____ $2 000 for his car.
A. paid B. took
C. cost D. spent
11. There are many kinds _____, but I don’t know which to buy.
A. to be chosen B. to choose from
C. to choose D. for choosing
请做以下试题：
(1) “We have sen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t out two best players to the sports meet. What about you ” “Well, not yet. We have few ______, I’d say.”
A. chosen B. to choose
C. to be chosen D. to choose from
(2) “I’d like to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )buy an expensive camera.” “Well, we have several models ______.”
A. to pick up B. to pick
C. to choose D. to choose from
12. I _____ him not to go abroad, but he wouldn’t listen.
A. persuaded B. tried to persuade
C. have persuaded D. was persuaded
13. When she came ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )several days later, she found that all things still _______ where she had _______ them.
A. lay; laid B. laid; laid
C. lay; lain D. lying; lain
请做下题：
(1) The hens _____ 50 eggs last week, but this week they aren’t _____.
A. lay, lying B. laid, laying
C. lay, laying D. lied, lying
(2) The girl ______ on the ground _____ to me that had _____ the purse on the desk.
A. lying, lay, laid B. lying, lied, laid
C. lie, lied, lay D. lay, lied, lain
14. He _____ a visit to the factory and was warmly _____ by the workers there.
A. took, welcome B. took, welcomed
C. paid, welcome D. paid, welcomed
15. The boy said that the fish his mother cooked tasted ______.
A. good B. well
C. to be good D. to be well
◆精编陷阱题训练◆
1. We’re so ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )busy that no one in the office can _____ for any other work.
A. spare B. be spared
C. share D. be shared
2. He regards that book _____ one of the worst that he’s _____ read.
A. to be, ever B. to be, never
C. as, ever D. as, never
3. “Did you get a job ” “No, I ______, but it’s no use.”
A. expected B. tried to
C. managed to D. planned
4. “Do you know that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Jack ______ a postman for about six years ” “Yes, I see.”
A. has become B. has turned
C. has changed D. has been
5. The thing tha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t ______ is not whether you fail or not, but whether you try or not.
A. matters B. cares
C. considers D. minds
6. I don’t want ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the green coat. It is red and black colors that ______ me very well.
A. suit B. fit
C. suits D. fits
7. “Will another fifty be enough ” “Just twenty will ______.”
A. work B. do
C. suit D. fit
8. Goodbye, Mr Carter — my secretary will _____ you to the door.
A. send B. lead
C. drive D. show
9. This kind of cancer can be cured, provided it is ______ early.
A. got B. gained
C. seen D. caught
10. We haven ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )’t enough books for everyone; some of you will have to _____.
A. help B. enjoy
C. share D. spare
11. He asked her to marry him and she _____ him.
A. answered B. received
C. accepted D. agreed
12. My worst fe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ars were _____ when I saw what the exam questions were.
A. done B. seen
C. finished D. realized
13. The plan looks good on paper, but will it _____
A. work B. pass
C. agree D. does
14. What’s the matter with the radio Why isn’t it _____
A. broadcasting B. working
C. doing D. sounding
15. High unempl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oyment _____ the government billions of pounds in lost taxes.
A. spends B. takes
C. uses D. costs
16. It’s hard to rescue drowning people because they _____ so much.
A. sink B. swim
C. jump D. struggle
17. She went to t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he station to meet her husband, but _____ him in the crowd.
A. passed B. recognized
C. missed D. lost
18. I missed what was happening because I wasn’t ______ very closely.
A. noticing B. running
C. watching D. glancing
19. If you lend me a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) pound, it will _____ me having to go to the bank.
A. save B. share
C. serve D. help
20. Don’t _______ your breath trying to persuade them; they’ll never listen.
A. use B. waste
C. spend D. put
21. He has spent li ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ttle time on his lessons this term, so he _____ to fail the exam.
A. expects B. hopes
C. wishes D. requires
22. He will never ______ anything if he doesn’t work hard.
A. hope B. wish
C. achieve D. succeed
短语动词考点
◆典型陷阱题分析◆
1. When he realized ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the police had seen him, the man ______ the exit as quickly as possible.
A. made off B. made for C. made out D. made up
2. Now and then they would ______ our house and have a talk with us.
A. call on B. drop in at C. drop in on D. drop in
3. “Why didn’t you write ” “My ink has _______.”
A. used up B. run out of C. given away D. given out
4. I think you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r health will soon ______ if you have a holiday on the seaside.
A. give up B. pick up C. take up D. get up
◆精编陷阱题训练◆
1. To our su ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rprise the stranger _____ to be an old friend of my mother’s.
A. turned out B. turned up C. set out D. set up
2. All the girls swam in the lake except two, who _____ halfway.
A. gave off B. gave up C. gave away D. gave out
3. If the new arrang ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ement doesn’t _____, we’ll go back to the old one.
A. work over B. work out C. work up D. work in
4. “Have great chan ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ges taken place in your village ” “Yes, A new school was ______ in the village last year.”
A. held up B. set up C. sent up D. brought up
5. I had to ______ because someone else wanted to use the phone.
A. give up B. put up C. hang up D. ring up
6. Elephants would ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )______ if men were allowed to shoot as many as they wished.
A. die down B. die out C. die away D. die off
7. My study of b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iology has ______ much of my spare time, but it has given me a great deal of enjoyment.
A. taken off B. taken down C. taken up D. taken away
8. The plan ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ___ just because people were unwilling to co-operate(合作).
A. broke down B. pulled down C. turned down D. put down
9. The government ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) has _______ the parents to work with teachers in the education of their children.
A. asked for B. called for C. looked for D. paid for
10. John has p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ut on so much weight recently that his mother has to ______ all his trousers to his measure.
A. let out B. give away C. bring in D. make up
11. I can ______ some noise while I’m studying, but I can’t stand very loud noise.
A. put up with B. get rid of C. have effect on D. keep away from
12. The moth ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er often tells her son to be a good boy, warning him to ______ trouble.
A. hold back from B. keep out of C. break away from D. get rid of
13. To my surpr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ise, the manager ______ 30 dollars from my salary without any good reason.
A. cut off B. held up C. brought down D. kept back
14. Steven has a lot ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of work to _______ in the office since he has been away for quite a few days.
A. take up B. make up C. work out D. carry out
15. Although Jan ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e agrees with me on most points, there was one on which she was unwilling to _______.
A. give out B. give in C. give away D. give off
16. You should ______ what your parents expect of you.
A. live up to B. stand up to C. look up to D. run up to
17. I can har ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dly believe my eyes. What a poor composition you have _______. There are so many wrong spellings in it.
A. turned into B. turned off C. turned to D. turned in
18. “Why don’t we ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )go for a picnic this weekend ” “Good idea! I would ______ the car and you’ll prepare the food.”
A. look after B. take care of C. see about D get down to
19. How I wish ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) that I could ______ my ideas in simple and wonderful English when chatting on the net.
A. set out B. set off C. set over D. set up
20. Some kinds of ani ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mals can _______ the color of their surroundings.
A. take on B. dress up C. put on D. get into
【高考试题放送】
〖10全国Ⅰ〗The wor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )kers ______ the glasses and marked on each box “ This Side Up”
A. carried B. delivered C. pressed D. packed
〖考点〗动词词义辨析
〖10全国Ⅱ〗My mother opened drawer to _________the knives and spoons.
A. put away B. put up C. put on D. put together
〖10福建〗More and ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities space.
A. in search of B. in place of C. for lack of D. for fear of
〖10福建〗We’ve just ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )moved into a bigger house and there’s a lot to do. Let’s it.
A. keep up with B. do away with C. get down to D. look forward to
〖10福建〗– In this day a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd age, women can have children and jobs as well.
--I can’t agree more. It’s great to have the two .
A. linked B. related C. connected D. combined
〖10上海〗In ancient ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )times, people rarely traveled long distances and most farmers only traveled the local market.
A. longer than B. more than C. as much as D. as far as
〖10安徽〗No matter ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )how low you consider yourself, there is always someone ______you wishing they were that high
A. getting rid of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. getting along with C. Looking up to D. looking down upon
〖10安徽〗----How did you like Nick’s performance last night
----To be honest, his singing didn’t _______to me much
A. appeal B . belong C refer D. occur
〖10江西〗Parents ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) _______ much importance to education. They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.
A attach B pay C link D apply
〖10江西〗Smell the flo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )wers before you go to sleep, and you may just ______ sweet dreams.
A keep up with B put up with C end up with D catch up with
〖10江西〗We give dogs tim ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e, space and love we c an spare, and _____, dogs give us their all.
A in all B in fact C in short D in return
〖10山东〗Sam __ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )___ some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it.
A. brought up B. looked up C. picked up D. set up
〖10山东〗Your house is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) always so neat—how do you ______ it with three children
A. manage B. serve C. adapt D. construct
〖10天津〗Joining ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the firm as a clerk, he got rapid promotion , and as a manager.
A. ended up ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. dropped out C. came back D. started off
〖10天津〗He tel ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ephoned the travel agency to three air tickets to London.
A. order B. arrange C. take D. book
〖10四川〗Some people eat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )with their eyes. They prefer to order what nice.
A. looks B. smells C. feels D. tastes
〖10四川〗Jenny was loo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )king for a seat when, luckily, a man and left．
A．took up B．got up C．shut up D．set up
〖10江苏〗Thousands of for ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eigners were______ to the Shanghai World Expo the day it opened.
A. attended B. attained C. attracted D. attached
〖10江苏〗The exp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eriment has_________ the possibility of the existence of any life on that planet, but it does not mean there is no life on other planets.
A. found out B. pointed out C. ruled out D. carried out
〖10江苏〗So far ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )we have done a lot to build a low-carbon economy, but it is________ ideal. We have to work still harder.
A. next to B. far from C. out of D. due to
〖10陕西〗You look well. T ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he air and the sea foods in Sanya must _____ you, I suppose.
A. agree with B. ag ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ree to C. agree on D. agree about
〖10湖北〗Just as the clo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )thes a person wears , the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time, his house his personality.
A. resembles B. strengthens C. reflects D. shapes
〖10湖北〗Had he her promise, she would have made it to Yale University.
A. looked up t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o B. lived up to C. kept up with D. come up with
〖10湖北〗It is i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )llegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money favors to them.
A. in preferenc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e to B. in place of C. in agreement with D. in exchange for
〖10辽宁〗Thousands of pe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ople _______ to watch yesterday’s match against Ireland.
A．turned on B． ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )turned in C．turned around D．turned out
〖10辽宁〗The new movie ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) _____ to be one of the biggest money-makers of all time .
A. promises B. agrees c. pretends D. declines
〖10浙江〗The majorit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y of people in the town strongly the plan to build a playground for children.
A．consider B．support C．confirm D．submit
〖10浙江〗After that, he ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) knew he could any emergency by doing what be could to the best of his ability.
A．get away with B．get on with C．get through D．get across
【2011全国卷,34】W ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )illiam found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to .
A.disappear B.fall C.fail D.damage
【2011全国卷II,10】Mary, I_____John of his promise to help you.
A. told B. reminded C. warned D. advised
【2011天津卷,6】I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a bank account after I made﹩1,000 by doing a part-time job during the summer vacation.
A.borrowed B.opened C.entered D.ordered
【2011江苏卷,28】——Are you still mad at her
——Not really, but I can’t ______ that her remarks hurt me.
A．deny B．refuse C．reject D．decline
【2011福建卷,28】 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )I’d prefer to my judgment until I find all the evidence.
A.show B. express C.pass D.reserve
【2011安徽卷,21】As the sto ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ry______, the truth about the strange figure is slowly discovered.
A. begins B. happens C. ends D. develops
【2011湖北卷,26】Know ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ledge and learning are important if we want to be successful, but they may also________ our thinking.
A. direct B. limit C. change D. improve
【2011湖北卷,27】The min ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ister said. “We are ready for discussions with any legal parties, but we’ll never_______ with criminals.”
A. negotiate B. quarrel C. argue D. consult
【答案】A
【2011湖北卷,28】Clin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ical evidence began to__________, suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activities than had been predicted from experiments in animals.
A. operate B. strengthen C. approve D. accumulate
【2011辽宁卷,22】What ar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e you doing out of bed, Tom You're to be asleep. ,
A. supposed B. known C. thought D. considered
【2011辽宁卷,24】You are old enough to your own living.
A.win B. gain C. take D. earn
【2011全国卷,26】I c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )an the house being untidy, but I hate it if it’s not clean.
A. come up with B.put up with C. turn to D.stick to
【2011天津卷,8】She ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store.
A.turned down B.dealt with C.took after D.came across
【2011山东卷,25】They are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )broadening the bridge to ________ the flow of traffic.
A. put off B. speed up C. turn on D. work out
【2011江苏卷,30】——You look upset. What’s the matter？
—— I had my proposal _______ again.
A．turned over B．turned on C．turned off D．turned down
【2011福建卷,31】Born int ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o a family with three brothers, David was to value the sense of sharing.
A.brought up B.turned down C.looked after D.held back
【2011安徽卷, 34】I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f you _____faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price. A. come across B. care about C. look for D. focus upon 【2011浙江卷,6】The school isn’t the one I really wanted to go to ,but I suppose I’ll just have to __________it,
A. make the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )best of B. get away from C. keep an eye on D. catch up with
【2011浙江卷,12】 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of ______at a hotel for the night.
A. putting down B. putting off C. putting on D. putting up
【2011四川卷,7】To get a b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )etter grade, you should __________the notes again before the test.
A. go over B. get over C. turn over D. take over
【2011四川卷,14】I of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ten the words I don’t know in the dictionary or on the lnternet.
A.look up B.look at C. look for D.look into
【2011陕西卷,25】Some inse ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cts________the color of their surroundings to protect themselves.
A. take in B. take off C. take on D. take out
【2011湖北卷,29】The gove ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rnment has taken measures to _________ the high prices of daily goods to keep the market stable.
A. take down B. bring down C. hand down D. tear down
【2011辽宁卷,26】The exam results will be on Friday afternoon.
A. put down B. put off C. put up D. put away
【2011江西卷35】You can’t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )predict everything. Often things don’t ____ as you expect.
A.run out B.break out C.work out D. put out.
【2012江西卷】30．We ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )were all agreed that the cottage would a perfect holiday home for the family.
A．make B．turn C．take D．have
【2012全国II】12. We ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ______ to paint the whole house but finished only the front part that day.
A. set about B. set up C. set out D. set down
13. 【2012天津卷】 Parents ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )and children should communicate more to ________the gap between them so that they can understand
each other better.
A. open B. narrow C. widen D. leave
【2012浙江卷】15.Armed ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) with the information you have gathered, you can_______ preparing your business plan.
A. set out B. set about C. set off D. set up
【2012浙江卷】12.According ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to scientists, our mental abilities begin to______ from the age of 27 after reaching the highest level at 22.
A. get away B. drop in C. check out D. hold on
（2013年高考英语新课标II卷）2. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Would you like to_____ with us to the film tonight
A. come along B. come off C. come across D. come through
（2013年高考英语新课标II卷）8. Th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e watch was very good, and he____ 20 percent down for it.
A. paid B. cost C. bought D. spent
（2013年高考英语新课标I卷）30. A ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t the last moment, Tom decided to_____ a new character to make the story seem more likely.
A. put up B. put in C. put on D. put off
（2013年高考英语浙江卷 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )）9. When the group discussion is nearing its end, make sure to ______it with important points.
A. conclude B. lead C. avoid D. hold
（2013年高考英语浙江卷）12. A go ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )od listener takes part in the conversation, ______ideas and raising questions to keep the talk flowing.
A. realizing B. copying C. offering D. misunderstanding
（2013年高考英语浙江卷）17. Bear ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s ______ fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough to last them through their winter sleep.
A. pack up B. build up C. bring up D. take up
（2013年高考英语安徽卷）26. Tra ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ditionally, college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they______on their life journey.
A. give up ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. settle down C. get through D. set off
核心考点五 动词和动词短语
1．(2013 南昌一中月考)T ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )housands of visitors were ________ to the Xi'an International Horticultural Exposition the day it opened.
A．adopted B．accepted C．attracted D．attached
2．(2013 河北三校联合模拟) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )I didn't want to drive all the way to New York by myself，so I ________ Anna，my best friend of ten years，to ride with me.
A．convinced B．consulted C．adopted D．admitted
3．(2013 合肥二模)When th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e book，Twilight，was first ________，it was immediately well received by readers.
A．brought up B．brought down C．brought about D．brought out
4．(2013 厦门一中高三模拟)—Do you know why the teacher asks for me
—He wants you to ________ your absence last night.
A．account for B．call for C．send for D．reach for
5．(2013 黑龙江高考适 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )应性考试)When realizing the guard of the supermarket had spotted him，the thief ________ the exit quickly.
A．made for B．made out C．made up D．made into
6．(2013 河北唐山模拟)The b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ell rang and every student had to ________ their examination papers.
A．give up B．give away C．give out D．give in
7．(2013 桂林部分学校高三质检)T ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he happiest people don't have the best of everything.They just ________ everything.
A．get away from B ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )．make the best of C．fix attention on D．catch up with
8．(2013 广西百所高中联考)The ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )two－year－old girl who was ________ twice and ignored by 18 people has finally died in a hospital.
A．run up B．run away C．run after D．run over
9．(2013 福州质检)Many gre ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at artists were not famous in their own time，and people only started to ________ them many years later.
A．remind B．appreciate C．inspire D．assist
10．It is our respons ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ibility to ________ that the country's health care publications are beneficial to the people.
A．satisfy B．compromise C．quarrel D．ensure
11．(2013 安徽十校素质 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )检测)His injuries are extremely serious，but he's expected to ________.
A．pull in B．pull through C．pull up D．pull over
12．(2013 成都部分高中高三 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )质检)How can Margot ________ from her illness in this room when it is so dirty and dusty？It will only make her worse.
A．suffer B．recover C．discover D．return
13．(2013 南京部分学校高三联考 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))Suddenly I realized that I had stayed here long and ________ to say goodbye to the host.
A．raised B．rose C．lifted D．stood
14．(2013 重庆部分学校高三联考)At ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the edge of the grass，there's a sign saying“________ the grass”．
A．Keep up B．Keep away C．Keep off D．Keep back
15．(2013 烟台高三联合测试 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))As the train ran faster and faster，the lights of the city were soon ________.
A．left off B．left alone C．left behind D．left out