江苏省无锡市2014年高三英语一轮复习（艺考生）：专题十一非谓语动词语气学生版

【知识要点】
定义：在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。分类：非谓语动词有动词不定式（the Infinitive）；动名词（the Gerund）；现在分词（the Present Participle）；过去分词（the Past Participle）??
一、动词不定式
不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，其否定形式 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )是“not to+动词原形”。不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。
1.不定式的时态及语态
时态 主动 被动 意义 例句 语态
一般 to do to be done 与 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )谓语动词同时发生或以后发生 I’m glad to see you. 当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式须用被动形式。如：He asked to be sent to work in Tibet.
This book is said to have been translated into many languages.
进行 to be doin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g 表示谓语的动作（情况）发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行 He pretended to be reading a book when I came in.
完成 to have done to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )have been done 先于谓语动作发生 We seem to have met each other before.
完成进行 to have been ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) doing 先于谓语动作发生而又延续到谓语动作发生后 He is said to have been studying abroad，but I don’t know which country he is studying in.
2.不定式的句法功能?
1）作主语：
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.在十分钟内完成这项工作很难。?
动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，例如上面一句可用如下形式：?
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.?
2）作表语：?
Her job is to clean the hall.她的工作就是打扫大厅。?
3）作宾语：?
常与不定式作宾语连用的动词有：wa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nt, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, ?refuse?, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer，afford，ask，decide，expect，intend，等。?
如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，如：?
Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.?
马克思认为研究俄国的形势很重要。?
动词不定式在介词but后面时，如果介词之前有 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )行为动词do的各种形式，那么这些介词后的不定式不带to；否则就要带to。另外在can’t choose but和can’t help but等后面的不定式也省略to。如：?
I have no choice but to stay here.我别无选择只有待在这儿。?
动词不定式作动词tell， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )show，understand，explain，teach，learn，advise，discuss等词的宾语时，前面常带疑问词。即：疑问词(how，when，where，what，who)...+to do。如：?
He gave us some advice on how to learn English. 他给了我们一些就如何学英语的建议。 ?
4）作宾语补足语：?
动词不定式作动词feel ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ),hear，see，watch，notice，observe等感官动词以及have,let，make等使役动词后面的宾语补足语时，不定式符号to要省略。但如果这些句子变成被动结构时，就必须带to符号。如：I saw him cross the road.我看到他过了街道。?
He was seen to cross the road.他被看到过了街道。?
5）作定语：?
作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。如：?
There is nothing to worry about.没有什么可担心的。?
如果不定式修饰time, place, way，可以省略介词：?
He has no place to live.他没有住的地方。?
This is the best way to work out this problem.这是解决这个问题的最好的办法。?
动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系：?
当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。试比较：?
Have you got anything to send ?
（你有什么东西要寄吗？——不定式to send的动作执行者是“你”）?
Have you got anything to be sent ?
（你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？——不定式to be sent的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”）用不定式作定语的几种情况?
不定式表将来?
I borrowed some books to read during my holiday.我借了几本书在假期里读。?
用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no,all，any等限定的中心词。如：?
He was the best man to do the job.他是做这项工作的最佳人选。?
She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.?
她是在奥运会上获得金牌的第一个女人。?
用于修饰的词是抽象名词时，常见的有：a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )bility，chance，idea，fact，excuse，promise，answer，reply，attempt，belief，way，reason，moment，time等。如：?
Do you have the ability to read and write English 你具备读、写英语的能力吗？?
6）作状语?
表目的? He worked day and night to get the money.为了挣钱，他日日夜夜的工作。?
注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：?
为了省钱，能用的方法都用上了。?
（×)To save money, every means has been tried.?
(√)To save money, he has tried every means.?
表结果?
He arrived late to find the train gone.他来晚了，结果发现火车开走了。?
常用only放在不定式前表示强调：?I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) visited him only to find him out.我来拜访他，结果发现他出去了。表原因?They were very sad to hear the news.听到这个消息他们非常伤心。?
表程度?It’s too dark for us to see anything.天太黑了，我们什么也看不清。?
The question is simple for him to answer.这道问题对他来说太容易回答了。?
作独立成分?To tell you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the truth, I don’t like the way he talked.?说实话，我不喜欢他说话的方式。?
3.不定式符号to的保留问题?
有时为了避免重复，可以用to来代替前面的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )不定式，这种情况常出现在下列动词后：expect，hope，wish，mean，prefer，care，forget，want，try以及be glad/happy；would like/love等后面。如：?
I haven’t been to Hong Kong，but I wish to. 我没去过香港，但我想去。?
—I didn’t tell him the news. 我没有告诉他那消息。?
—Oh，you ought to have.你应该告诉他的。
4.动词不定式的几种特殊结构?
1）for sb.to do 还是of sb.to do ?
“for+逻辑主语+不定式”结构称为 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )不定式复合结构，介词可用for或of。当形式主语句型中的表语是形容词，来描述不定式动作时，逻辑主语之前使用for；当它描述不定式的逻辑主语，说明其品质、特征或属性时，要用of，常见形容词有good，nice，clever，wise，foolish，stupid，honest，kind，polite，careful，cruel，brave，crazy等。?
2)too ... to结构?
在英语中，“too+adj./adv.+to do sth.”结构表示否定意义，意为“太……而不能……”。
也可用so...that句型来表示，但that从句必须用否定形式。如：?
You’re too young to understand such things.你太小了，还不能理解那些事情。?
=You’re so young that you can’t understand such things.?
注意：在下列场合下，too... to结构表示肯定意义：?
某些形容词与too...to 连用表示 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )肯定意义，too相当于very much。这些形容词多是表示心情的词和描述性的形容词。如：ready，glad，pleased，surprised，delighted，happy，easy，eager，thankful，anxious，willing，good，kind，true等。 ?
在too前加上only，but，all，simply或just时，too...to结构表示肯定意义。如：
I’m only too glad to meet you here again.再次见到你我太高兴了。??
二、动名词
动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。
1.动名词的形式：?
否定式：not+动名词?
1）一般式：?Seeing is believing.眼见为实。?
2）被动式：?He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。?
3）完成式：?We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。?
4）完成被动式：?He for ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )got having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.?
　　　　　　　　　　他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。?
5）否定式：not+动名词?I regret not following his advice.我后悔没听他的劝告。?
6）复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+动名词?
He suggested our trying it once again.他建议我们再试一次。?
His not knowing English troubled him a lot.他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。
2.动名词的句法功能：?
1）作主语：?Reading aloud is very helpful.朗读是很有好处的。?
　　　　　　　Collecting stamps is interesting.集邮很有趣。?
当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。?
It’s no use quarreling.争吵是没用的。?
2）作表语：?In the ant c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ity, the queen’s job is laying eggs.在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。?
3）作宾语：?They haven’t finished building the dam.他们还没有建好大坝。?
　　　　　　　We have to prevent the air from being polluted.我们必须阻止空气被污染。?
注意：动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )如上面两个例句。此外，动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it，如：?We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。?
要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：?
enjoy, finish, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) suggest, avoid， excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit（承认），deny, mind, permit, forbid, practice, risk（冒险）, appreciate, be busy, be worth, feel like, can’t stand, can’t help, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent...(from),keep ...from, stop...(from）,protect...from, set about, be engaged in, spend...(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like?
4）作定语：?
He can’t walk without a walking?stick.他没有拐杖不能走路。?
Is there a swimming pool in your school 你们学校有游泳池吗？?
5）作同位语：?
The cave, his hiding?place is secret.那个山洞，他藏身的地方很秘密。?
His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged.?
他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。??
三、现在分词
现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。
1.现在分词的形式?
否定式：not+现在分词?
1）现在分词的主动语态：?
现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。如：?
They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。?
Having done his homework, he played basketball.做完作业，他开始打篮球。?
2）现在分词的被动语态：?
一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作。?
The problem being discussed is very important.正在被讨论的问题很重要。?
Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.?
被告诉了好几遍，这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。
2.现在分词的句法功能：?
1）作定语：?
现在分词作定语，当分词单独作定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语作定语放在名词后。?
In the following years he worked even harder.?
在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。?
The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor’s father.?
正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。?
现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：?
in the following years 也可用in the years that followed;?
the man speaking to the teacher?
可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.?
2）现在分词作表语：?
The film being shown in the cinema is exciting.正在这家上演的电影很棒。?
The present situation is inspiring.当前的形势鼓舞人心。?
be+doing既可能表示现在进行时， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )也可能是现在分词作表语，它们的区别在于be+doing表示进行的动作是进行时，而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。?
3）作宾语补足语：?
如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ee, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。如：?
Can you hear her singing the song in the next room？你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？?
He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。?
4）现在分词作状语 ?
作时间状语?(While)Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.?
在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。?
作原因状语?Being a League member, he is always helping others.?
由于是共青团员，他经常帮助他人。?
作方式状语，表示伴随?He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他待在家里，又擦又洗。?
作条件状语?(If)Playing al ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l day, you will waste your valuable time.要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。 作结果状语? He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces.他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。?
作目的状语 ?He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了。?
作让步状语? Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.?
虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。?
与逻辑主语构成独立主格 ?
I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard.?
我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。?
All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.?
所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。?
Time permitting, we’ll do another two exercises.?
如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。?
有时也可用with (without)+名词（代词宾格）+分词形式?
With the lights burning, he fell asleep.他点着灯睡着了。?
作独立成分 ?
Judging from(by)his appearance, he must be an actor. ?
从外表看，他一定是个演员。?
Generally speaking, girls are more careful.?
一般说来，女孩子更细心。??
四、过去分词
过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾?ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求，要一一记住。?
过去分词的句法功能：
1.过去分词作定语?
Our class went on an organized trip last Monday.?
上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。?
Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting.?
当选为委员的人将出席这次会。?
注意当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词作定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
2.过去分词作表语?
The window is broken.窗户破了。?
They were frightened at the sad sight.他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。?
注意：be+过去分词，如果表示状态是系表结构，如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别：The window is broken.（系表）?
The window was broken by the boy.（被动）?
有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的，不表示被动，只表示完成。如：?
boiled water（开水）?
fallen leaves（落叶）?
newly arrived goods（新到的货）?
the risen sun（升起的太阳）?
the changed world（变了的世界）?
这类过去分词有：gone, come, fa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )llen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。
3.过去分词作宾语补足语 ?
I heard the song sung several times last week.上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。?
有时过去分词作with短语中的宾语补足语：?
With the work done, they went out to play.工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。
4.过去分词作状语?
1）表示原因?Praised by ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the neighbors, he became the pride of his parents. ?
　　　　　　　　受到邻居们的表扬，他成为父母的骄傲。?
2）表示时间?Once seen, it can never be forgotten.?
　　　　　　　　　一旦它被看见，人们就忘不了。?
3）表示条件?Given more t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ime, I’ll be able to do it better.如果给予更多的时间，我能做得更好。?
4）表示让步?Though told o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.?
　　　　　　　虽然被告之有危险，他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。?
　　　　　　　Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave.?
　　　　　　　心中充满了希望与恐惧，他走进?山洞。??
【考点诠释】
考点一、考查谓语动词与非谓语动词的识别
英语句子至少应该包括主语与谓语两部 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )分, 而多数情况下谓语都由动词来充当。如果对句子成分划分不清，把谓语动词与非谓语动词混淆, 做题效果可想而知。要克服这一毛病，关键在于正确判断、识别动词在句中是否充当谓语。如：
1. The children (p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lay) _____ the violin over there will go on the stage next week.
考点二、考查作状语的非谓语动词的辨析
作状语的非谓语动词主要考查其各种形式的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )辨析，即是选择动词不定式、现在分词还是过去分词作状语, 不同的状语对非谓语动词的要求不同。 动词不定式主要作目的、结果和原因状语；现在分词和过去分词主要作时间、原因、条件、让步、方式和伴随状语，两者不同之处在于：现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作,即它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，它们之间的关系是主动关系，而过去分词作状语时，虽然它的逻辑主语也是句子的主语，但过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。请看下面例题：
1.____tired of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Tom’s all-talk-no-action attitude, Julia decided to do the job all by herself.
A) To get B) To have got
C) Getting D) Have got
考点三、考查非谓语动词逻辑主语的分辨
非谓语动词虽然在句中不作谓 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语，但仍然有自己逻辑上的主语。历年各种考试的重点在于正确分辨非谓语动词的逻辑主语是什么，两者之间是主动关系还是被动关系，特别是非谓语动词作状语的时候。我们知道，当非谓语动词放在句首作状语的时候，一般来说，它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，那么，当它的逻辑主语不是句子的主语时，又会出现什么现象呢？请看下面例题：
1. The last bus (go)____, we had to walk home.
2. Weather (permit)__ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )__, the spaceship will be launched tomorrow evening.
这两个非谓语动词短语的逻辑主语都不是句子的主语，而是分别有它自己的逻辑主语，
请再看下面例题：
3. The work (finish) _____, they may go home.
4. The problem (discus ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s) _____ at the meeting- room now, the workers had to wait outdoors.
考点四、考查非谓语动词时态与语态的把握
非谓语动词虽然在句中不作谓语，但它仍然具有动 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词的特征，即可以有自己的主语(逻辑主语),也可以有时态和语态的变化。非谓语动词的各种时态形式都是依据句子的谓语动词的时态形式而变化的。一般情况下，如果非谓语动词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作同时或之后发生, 就用非谓语动词的一般式或进行式(侧重强调动作正在进行)；如果非谓语动词所表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，就用非谓语动词的完成式(特别强调动作发生的先后)。非谓语动词的语态在于正确把握非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动关系还是被动关系。例如：
____ that Bob ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )had got promoted, his friends came to congratulate him.
A) Heard B) Having heard
C) Hear D) To hear
考点五、考查非谓语动词作主语时句式的转变
非谓语动词（动词不定式或动名词） ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )作主语主要考查其句式的转变，习惯上通常把it作为形式主语放在句首，作题时要善于分辨这种形式上的转变。请看下面例题：
1. It is an honor for me (be) _____ your English teacher.
2. It is no use of us (wait) _____ at home like this.
考点六、考查作定语的非谓语动词的判断
非谓语动词作定语主要考查非谓语动词作后置定 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语的情况，这里关键要把握住非谓语动词与其逻辑主语之间是主动行为还是被动行为,以及非谓语动词表示的动作发生的时间性，即是正在进行或已经完成还是将要发生。一般来说，用现在分词一般式作定语往往表示动作是主动行为且正在进行当中，如果动作是被动行为且正在进行当中，就用现在分词一般式的被动语态；用过去分词作定语往往表示动作是被动行为且已经完成; 用动词不定式作定语表示将要发生的动作，如果是被动行为，就用动词不定式一般式的被动语态。 例如：
1. The boy (cry)____ over there is my younger brother.
考点七、分词与动词不定式作状语的区别
【例题1】Bradon worked ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )for hours after school money for his education．
A．making B．to make C．made D．having made
【例题2】One Sunday s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )everal former classmates gathered at Tom’s， their high school reunion the year before．
A．talking about ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B．to talk about C．talked about D．having talked about
考点八、现在分词与过去分词的区别
【例题3】When I caught ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )him me，I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop．
A．cheated B．cheating C．to cheat D．to have cheated
考点九、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别
【例题4】The old wome ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n spoke to the girl again，raising her voice a bit，but still no answer
A．received B．receiving C．had received D．to receive
【例题5】Tom stood the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re， what he could do for the poor man sitting beside him．
A．wondered B．to wonder C．having wondered D．wondering
考点十、三种表示被动意义的非谓语形式：to be done，done。being done的区别
近三年高考中有一些地区考查了to be done，done，being done的区别，这一考点应引起考生的重视。
【例题6】the NO.5 subwa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y line， in October，2007，has greatly improved the traffic conditions in Beijing．
A．opened B．was opened C．being opened D．to be opened
1.状语从句在高考中的考查重点：
1.不定式的时态和语态；
2.不定式的功能：不定式的形容词性功能、不定式的副词性功能、不定式的名词性功能；
3.不定式的省略；
4.不定式的否定形式；
5.不定式的搭配形式；
6.独立主格结构；
7.v-ing分词名词性功能；
8.v-ing分词形容词性功能；
9.v-ing分词副词性功能；
10.过去分词与现在分词一般式的区别；
11.过去分词与现在分词主动完成式的区别；
12.过去分词与现在分词一般被动式的区别；
2.非谓语动词的做题步骤
1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了。
2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。
3、判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。
4、判断时间关 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )系。方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing。
非谓语动词考点
◆典型陷阱题分析◆
1. Everyone in ou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r class was working hard and doing what we could _______ a good college.
A. enter B. to enter
C. entering D. entered
请再看类似例句：
(1) They did what they could to comfort her. 他们尽量安慰她。
(2) They did everything they could to save her life. 他们尽一切力量拯救她的性命。
(3) He studi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )es as hard as he could to catch up with his classmates. 他拼命学习以便赶上他的同学。
值得指出的是，这也并不是说今后只要遇到类似结构的题就一定选带to不定式。请看以下试题：
(4) He ran as fast as he could _____ to catch the early bus.
A. to hope B. hope
C. hoping D. hoped
(5) He spent every minute he could _____ spoken English.
A. practise B. to practise
C. practising D. practised
(6) Before going ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )abroad he devoted all he could _______ his oral English.
A. improve B. to improve
C. improving D. to improving
2. He knows noth ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing about it, so he can’t help _______ any of your work.
A. doing B. to do
C. being doing D. to be done
比较以下结构：
can’t help to do sth = 不能帮助做某事
can’t help doing sth = 禁不住做某事，情不自禁地做某事
又如下面一题：
She can’t help ____ the house because she’s busy making a cake.
A cleaning B. to clean
C. cleaned D. being cleaned
再请看以下试题：
While shopping, p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eople sometimes can’t help _____ into buying something they don’t really need.
A. to persuade B. persuading
C. being persuaded D. be persuaded
3. All her time _______ experiments, she has no time for films.
A. devoted to do B. devoted to doing
C. devoting to doing D. is devoted to doing
请做以下类似题：
(1) All the p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )reparations for the project ______, we’re ready to start.
A. completed B. have been completed
C. had been completed D. been completed
(2) Such _______ the case, I couldn’t help but______ him.
A. being, support B. was, support
C. has been, supporting D. is, to support
比较以下各题：
(1) All the pre ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )parations for the project ______, and we’re ready to start.
A. completed B. have been completed
C. had been completed D. been completed
(2) Such _______ the case, I couldn’t help but______ him.
A. being, support B. was, support
C. has been, supporting D. is, to support
4. The purpose of new ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )technologies is to make life easier, ______ it more difficult.
A. not make B. not to make
C. not making D. do not make
请做以下类似试题：
The purpose of the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) scheme is not to help the employers but _____ work for young people.
A. provide B. to provide
C. providing D. provided
5. The murde ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rer was brought in, with his hands ______ behind his back.
A. to be tied B. being tied
C. tied D. having tied
请看下面一题：
Anyone ______ trying to take knives on heard flights would be caught by the police.
A. finds B. found
C. being found D. will find
比较下面两题：
(1) The court hear ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s about 120 cases a year; visitors are welcome to see a case ______.
A. argued B. to be argued
C. to be arguing D. being argued
(2) The silence of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the library was sometimes broken by an occasional cough or by the sound of pages _______.
A. turned B. having turned
C. to be turned D. being turned
6. Remind me _______ the medicine tomorrow.
A. of taking B. taking
C. to take D. take
比较以下三个结构：
remind sb of sth = 使某人想起某事
remind sb of doing sth = 提醒某人做过某事（暗示动作已发生）
remind sb to do sth = 提醒某人去做某事（暗示动作尚未发生）
请看两个例句：
I reminded him of his promise. 我提醒他做过的诺言。
My wife reminded me of seeing that film. 我妻子提醒我曾经看过那部电影。
Can you remind me to phone her tomorrow 你明天能否提醒我给她打电话
7. Once your busines ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s becomes international, _____ constantly will be part of your life.
A. you fly B. your flight
C. flight D. flying
8. Not only should ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )you get used ______ under difficult conditions but you also you pay more attention ______ your work well.
A. to work, to do B. to working, to doing
C. to work, to doing D. to working, to do
类似地，以下各结构中的 to 也是介词，不是不定式符号，后接动词时也应用动名词，而不是动词原形：
look forward to doing sth 盼望做某事
be opposed to doing sth 反对做某事
object to doing sth反对做某事
stick to doing sth 坚持做某事
get down to doing sth 开始做某事
take to doing sth 喜欢上做某事
admit to doing 承认做了某事
pay attention to doing sth 注意做某事
devote one’s time to doing sth 把某人的时间用于(奉献于)做某事
be equal to doing sth 等于做某事，能胜任做某事
What do you say to doing sth 你认为做某事怎么样
9. Both of my parents ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )insisted _______ a computer for me, but I don’t think it is necessary.
A. to buy B. buying
C. on buying D. in buying
10. “Do you hav ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e anything more ______, sir ” “No. You can have a rest or do something else.”
A. typing B. to be typed
C. typed D. to type
比较：
Are you going to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Shanghai Do you have anything to take to your son 你要去上海吗？你有什么东西要带给你儿子吗？
I’m going to S ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hanghai next week. I have a lot of things to take with me. 下个星期我要去上海，我随身要带很多东西去。
11. She took her son, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ran out of the house, _____ him in the car and drove quickly to the nearest doctor’s office.
A. put B. to put
C. putting D. having put
类似地如：
I got out of the taxi, _____ the fare and dashed into the station.
A. paid B. paying
C. to pay D. having paid
但是，下面一题稍有不同：
Hearing the news, he ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rushed out, ______ the book ______ on the table and disappeared into the distance.
A. left; lain open B. leaving; lying open
C. leaving; lie opened D. left; lay opened
12. The boss insisted ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that every minute ______ made full use of ______ the work well.
A. be, to do B. was, doing
C. be, doing D. was, to do
请看以下类似例子：
(1) The old pro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )fessor told us every part of the materials should be made use of ______ the power station.
A. to build B. building
C. build D. built
(2) Does the way you t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hought of _______ the water clean make any sense
A. making B. to make
C. how to make D. having made
13. The manag ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ the next year.
A. carried out B. carrying out
C. carry out D. to carry out
请做以下类似试题：
(1) Who do you think you’d like _____ with you, a boy or a girl
A. to have go B. to have to go
C. to have gone D. having to go
(2) Who did the boss _____ his car this time
A. make wash B. make to wash
C. make washing D. making to wash
(3) You can n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ever imagine what great difficulty I had ______ your house all by myself.
A. found B. finding
C. to find D. for finding
14. How happy we a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re! The holiday we have been looking forward _______ at last.
A. to has come B. to have come
C. to having come D. has come
请做以下类似试题：
(1) The man you referred to _____ just now.
A. comes B. come
C. coming D. came
(2) The theory he sticks to ______ to be of no use in our studies.
A. proves B. prove
C. proving D. be proved
(3) The work he devoted his time to _____ worth praising.
A. was B. be
C. being D. been
(4) I think this is the very work that we must finish ____ her.
A. to help B. help
C. helping D. helped
(5) Which do you enjoy ____ your weekend, swimming or fishing
A. spending B. being spent
C. spend D. to spend
(6) What the boy enjoys _____ to have a room of his own.
A. being B. to be
C. is D. are
(7) Nothing that he suggested _____ to be of any use.
A. prove B. proved C. proving D. to prove
(8) The old house we paid a visit _____ at the top of the hill.
A. standing B. to stand
C. to standing D. to stands
(9) The life he is now used _____ quite different from ours.
A. is B. to be
C. to being D. to is
(10) The work he paid special attention _____ to nothing.
A. came B. to come
C. to coming D. to came
(11) The result what ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) he said would lead _____ his regret in the future.
A. is B. to be
C. to being D. to was
15. _______ the road round to the right and you’ll find his house.
A. Follow B. Following
C. To follow D. Followed
假若将此题改为下面这样：
_______ the road round to the right, you’ll find his house.
A. Follow B. Following
C. To follow D. Followed
但是，若改成下面一题这样：
_______ the road ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )round to the right, the blind man asked a boy to guide him.
A. Follow B. Following
C. To follow D. Followed
请做以下试题：
(1) _______ to th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e top of the hill, and you can see the whole of the town.
A. Get B. To get
C. Getting D. Having got
(2) ______ the milk and set a good example to the other children.
A. Drink B. To drink
C. Drinking D. Having drinking
(3) ______ me, and then try to copy what I do.
A. Watch B. Watching
C. To watch D. Have watching
(4) _____ through this book and tell me what you think of it.
A. Look B. Looking
C. To look D. Having looked
(5) _____ it with me and I’ll see what I can do.
A. Leave B. Leaving
C. If you leave D. When left
(6) _____ down the radio — the baby’s asleep in the next room.
A. Turn B. Turning
C. to turn D. To have turned
(7) _____ some of this juice — perhaps you will like it.
A. Try B. Trying
C. To try D. To have tried
(8) ______ him enough time to get home before you telephone.
A. Give B. To give
C. Giving D. Given
(9) ______ left when you get to the end of the street.
A. Keep B. Keeping
C. To keep D. Kept
(10) ______ your hand over your mouth when you cough.
A. Put B. Putting
C. To put D. To be putting
(11)______ until the lights have turned to green.
A. Wait B. To wait
C. Waiting D. Having waited
(12) ______ the pieces of cloth with a loose stitch before finally sewing them together.
A. Join B. To join
C. Joining D. Joined
(13) I don’t want to listen a long story — just _____ me the result.
A. tell B. telling
C. to tell D. to be telling
(14) Why stand there watching — _____ and help us!
A. come B. coming
C. to come D. to be coming
(15) Don’t waste your money on silly things — ______ it.
A. save B. to save
C. saving D. having saved
(16) First ______ the rice by washing it, then ______ it in boiling water.
A. prepare, cook B. preparing, cooking
C. preparing, cook D. prepare, cooking
(17) To test eggs, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) _____ them in a bowl of water: if they float they’re bad, if they sink they’re good.
A. put B. putting
C. to put D. to be putting
(18) ______ French well, she went to France to live with his cousins.
A. Study B. To study
C. Studying D. Having studied
(19) _____ late in the morning, Mr. Smith turned off the alarm.
A. Sleep B. To sleep
C. Sleeping D. Having slept
(20) ______ the flies out, we had to shut all the doors and windows.
A. Keep B. To keep
C. Keeping D. Having kept
(21) ______ their ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )service, the workers of the hotel are active in learning English.
A. Improving B. To improve
C. Improve D. Having improved
◆精编陷阱题训练◆
1. He looked arou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd and caught a man ______ his hand into the pocket of a passenger.
A. put B. to be putting
C. to put D. putting
2. When you’re lea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rning to drive, _______ a good teacher makes a big difference.
A. have B. having
C. and have D. and having
3. I felt it a great honor ______ to speak to you.
A. to ask B. asking
C. to be asked D. having asked
4. I would love _ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )______ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
A. to go B. to have gone
C. going D. having gone
5. Before yo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )u decide to leave your job, _______ the effect it will have on your family.
A. consider B. considering
C. to consider D. considered
6. Robert is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )said _______ abroad, but I don’t know what country he studied in.
A. to have studied B. to study
C. to be studying D. to have been studying
7. It is said th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at in Australia there is more land than the government knows _______.
A. it what to do with B. what to do it with
C. what to do with it D. to do what with it
8. Anyone _______ bags, boxes, or whatever, was stopped by the police.
A. seen carry B. seen carrying
C. saw to carry D. saw carrying
9. Mr Reed made up ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) his mind to devote all he had to _______ some schools for poor children.
A. set up B. setting up
C. have set up D. having set up
10. The discovery of new evidence led to _______.
A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief
C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught
11. She looks for ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ward every spring to _______ the flower-lined garden.
A. visit B. paying a visit
C. walk in D. walking in
12. To test eggs, _ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )______ them in a bowl of water: if they float they’re bad, if they sink they’re good.
A. put B. putting
C. to put D. to be putting
13. “Where is David ” “He is upstairs ______ ready to go out.”
A. to get B. getting
C. to be getting D. having got
14. “Mum, why do ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) you always make me eat an egg every day ” “________ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.”
A. Get B. Getting
C. To get D. to be getting
15. He was reading his book, completely _______ to the world.
A. lost B. losing
C. to lose D. to have lost
16. We looked everywhere for the keys, but they are nowhere _______.
A. to find B. to have found
C. to be found D. being found
17. The boy ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _______.
A. not to B. not to do
C. not do it D. do not do
18. A cook will be i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mmediately fired if he is found _______ in the kitchen.
A. smoke B. smoking
C. to smoke D. smoked
19. Finding her car stolen, _______.
A. a policeman was asked to help
B. the area was searching thoroughly
C. it was looked for everywhere
D. she hurried to a policeman for help
20. “How do you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers ” “The key ______ the problem is to meet the demand ______ by the customers.”
A. to solving, making B. to solving, made
C. to solve, making D. to solve, made
21. “What do you think made Mary so upset ” “_______ her new bike.”
A. As she lost B. Lost
C. Losing D. Because of losing
22. The research ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) is so designed that once _______ nothing can be done to change it.
A. begins B. having begun
C. beginning D. begun
23. Though _ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_______ money, his parents managed to send him to university.
A. lacked B. lacking of
C. lacking D. lacked in
24. Tony was very unhappy for _______ to the party.
A. having not been invited B. not having invited
C. having not invited D. not having been invited
25. Though I ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve often heard this song _______. I have never heard you _______ it.
A. being sung, sang B. sang, singing
C. sung, sing D. to be sung, to sing
26. He is a man of few words, and seldom speaks until _______ to.
A. spoken B. speaking
C. speak D. be spoken
28. When I hand ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed the report to John, he said that George was the person _______.
A. to send B. for sending it
C. to send it to D. for sending it to
29. _______ on time, this medicine will be quite effective.
A. Taking B. Being taken
C. Taken D. Having taken
30. The film star walked to his car, ______ a crowd of journalists.
A. followed by B. following by
C. to follow D. to be followed by
31. After describ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing the planned improvements, she went on _______ how much they would cost.
A. to explain B. explaining
C. to be explaining D. having explained
32. Please excuse me _______ your letter by mistake.
A. to open B. to have opened
C. for opening D. in opening
33. Please remember _______ the plants while I’m away.
A. watering B. to be watering
C. to water D. being watering
34. Certainly I posted your letter — I remember ______ it.
A. posting B. to post
C. to be posting D. have posted
35. Stop _______ me to hurry up. I can only go so fast.
A. to tell B. telling
C. to have told D. having told
36. Remember _______ off the light when _______ to bed.
A. turning, going B. to turn, to go
C. turning, to go D. to turn, going
37. _______ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player.
A. Having given B. To give
C. Giving D. Given
38. _______ in 1636, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Harvard is one of the most famous universities in the United States.
A. Being founded B. It was founded
C. Founded D. Founding
39. The lady sai ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d she would buy a gift for her daughter with the ________.
A. 20 dollars remained B. 20 dollars to remain
C. remained 20 dollars D. remaining 20 dollars
40. The picture _______ on the wall is painted by my nephew.
A. having hung B. hanging
C. hangs D. being hung
41. With a lot of d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ifficult problems ________, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.
A. settled B. setting
C. to settle D. being settled
42. Having a trip ab ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )road is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _______ whether they will enjoy it.
A. to see B. to be seen
C. seeing D. seen
43. Tony was very unhappy for _______ to the party.
A. having not been invited B. not having invited
C. having not invited D. not having been invited
44. “Good morn ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing. Can I help you ” “I’d like to have this package _______.”
A. be weighed B. to be weighed
C. to weigh D. weighed
45. What have we said _______ her so happy
A. makes B. to make
C. made D. has made
46. What wor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ried the child most was ______ to visit his mother in the hospital.
A. his not allowing B. his not being allowed
C his being not allowed D. having not being allowed
47. “Which sweater is yours ” “The one _______ No. 9.”
A. that marked B. was marked with
C. which marked D. marked with
48.If the car won’t start, _____ it.
A. try push B. try pushing
C. to try pushing D. to try to push
49. They stayed up u ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ntil midnight _____ the old year out and the new year in.
A. and saw B. to see
C. seeing D. for seeing
２０１３－－２０１０年高考题
1. 2013年高考英语【安徽卷】32 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). ______ in the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring children’s love of art.
A. To found B. Founding C. Founded D. Having founded
2. 2013年高考英语【北京卷】21 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). Volunteering gives you a chance ______ lives, including your own.
A. change B. changing C. changed D. to change
3. 2013年高考英语【安徽卷 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )】 24. ______ the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level.
A. Find B. Finding C. To find D. Found
4. 2013年高考英语【 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )安徽卷】29. When we saw the road ______ with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.
A. block B. to block C. blocking D. blocked
试比较：面对困难，我们决不放弃。
Facing difficulties, we will never give up.
Faced with difficulties, we will never give up.
5. 2013年高考英语【福建卷】 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )22. _____ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
A. Known B. Having known C. Knowing D. Being known
6. 2013年高考英语【福 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )建卷】32. Anyone, once ____ positive for H7N9 flu virus, will receive free medical treatment from our government.
A. to be tested B. being tested C. tested D. to test
7. 2013年高考英语【湖南卷】25 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )．The sun began to rise in the sky，________ the mountain in golden light.
A．bathed B．bathing C．to have bathed D．having bathed
8. 2013年高考英语【湖南卷】29．Y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ou cannot accept an opinion ________to you unless it is based on facts.
A．offering B．to offer C．having offered D．offered
9. 2013年高考英语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )【湖南卷】31．________ warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnights so I could refill it.
A．Staying B．Stayed B．To stay D．Stay
【小窍门】1.挑出句子的主干很关键，尤其当句子很长的时候。首先要挑出句子的动词，然后看到底哪个是谓语，这样主干就明了。
2. 第二步中，我们首先要排除选动词原形的选 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )项。然后看不定式是否恰当，只要是表示目的，选它无疑。否则，就要看分词和主干的主语或宾语是主动还是被动关系。尤其要注意，作状语时，考虑分词能否用完成时。而作定语，切不可用分词的完成时。如：
The internation ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )al agreement, intended to encourage children not to smoke and help people to kick the habit, was signed on 27 February.
The manager, having ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )made it clear to us that he didn’t agree with us, left the meeting room.
10. 2013年高考英语【江苏 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )卷】24. Lionel Messi, ______ the record for the most goals in a calendar year, is considered the most talented football player in Europe.
A. set B. setting C. to set D. having set
11. 2013年高考英语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )【江西卷】34. If _____ to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once.
A. asked B. to ask C. asking D. having asked
12. 2013年高考英语【辽宁卷】 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )28. Laura was away in Paris for over a week. When she got home, there was a pile of mail ______ for her.
A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. was waiting
13. 2013年高考英语【 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )山东卷】25. The room is empty except for a bookshelf _____ in one corner.
A. standing B. to stand C. stands D. stood
14. 2013年高考英语【山东卷】29. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) I stopped the car _____ a short break as I was feeling tired.
A. take B. taking C. to take D. taken
15. 2013年高考英语【 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )山东卷】33. _______ at the cafeteria before, Tina didn’t want to eat there again.
A. Having eaten B. to eat C. Eat D. Eating
16. 2013年高考英语【陕 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )西卷】13. Let those in need ______ that we will go all out to help them.
A. to understand ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. understand C. understanding D. understood
17. 2013年高考英语【陕西卷 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )】14. The witnesses ______ by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.
A. questioned B. being questioned C. to be questioned D. having questioned
18. 2013年高考英语【上海卷 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )】31. The judge gave no hint of what they thought, so I left the room really ______.
A. to be worried B. to worry C. having worried D. worried
19. 2013年高考英语【上海卷】3 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )2. The students are looking forward to having an opportunity ______ society of real-life experience.
A. explore B. to explore C. exploring D. explored
20. 2013年高考英语【上海 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )卷】34. Young people may risk ______ deaf if they are exposed to very loud music every day.
A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone
21. 2013年高考英语【上海卷】 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )35. Sophia got an e-mail ______ her credit card account number.
A. asking for B. ask for
C. asked for D. having asked for
22. 2013年高考英语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )【四川卷】8. ______ which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice.
A. Not knowing B. Knowing not C. Not known D. Known not
23. 2013年高考英语【四川卷】10. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )The airport _______ next year will help promote tourism in this area.
A. being completed ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. to be completed C. completed D. having been completed
24. 2013年高考英语【天津卷】10. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words ______ in daily conversations.
A. using B. to use C. having used D. used
25. 2013年高考英语【新课标II卷】5 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). I got to the office earlier that day, ______ the 7:30 train from Paddington
A. caught B. to have caught C. to catch D. having caught
26. 2013年高考英语【新课标I卷 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )】22. They might just have a place ________ on the writing course— why don’t you give it a try
A. leave B. left C. leaving D. to leave
27. 2013年高考英 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语【新课标I卷】28. The drive wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police ________ .
A. not to do B. not to C. not do D. do not
28. 2013年高考英语【新课标I卷 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )】35. The sunlight is white and blinding, _______ hard-edged shadows on the ground.
A. throwing ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. being thrown C. to throw D. to be thrown
29. 2013年高考英 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语【浙江卷】7. _______ how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.
A. Hearing B. Hear C. Having heard D. To be hearing
30. 2013年高考英 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语【浙江卷】19. There are some health problems that, when ______ in time, can become bigger ones later on.
A. not treated B. not being treated
C. not to be treated D. not have been treated
31. 2013年高考英语【重庆卷】30. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, ______ me stories till I fell asleep.
A. having told B. telling C. told D. to tell
32. 2013年高考英语【重庆卷】3 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )4. The engine just won't start. Something seems ______ wrong with it.
A. to go B. to have gone C. going D. having gone
【2012江西卷】33．Having fin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ished her project, she was invited by the school to the new students.
A．speaking B．having spoken C．to speak D．to have spoken
【2012江西卷】35．J ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ohn has really got the job because he showed me the official letter him it.
A．offered B．offering C．to offer D．to be offered
【2012湖南卷】31. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )The lecture, ____ at 7:00 pm last night, was followed by an observation of the moon with telescopes.
A. starting B. being started C. to start D. to be started
【2012湖南】23. Time, ____ correctly, is money in the bank.
A. to use B. used C. using D. use
【2012湖南】21. We've had ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a good start, but next, more work needs ____ to achieve the final success.
A. being done B. do C. to be done D. to do
【2012重庆卷】31. Before y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ou quit your job, ______how your family would feel about your decision.
A. consider B. considering C. to consider D. considered
【2012重庆卷】28. We’re ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ving a meeting in half an hour. The decision ______ at the meeting will in the future of our company.
A. to be made B. being made C. made D. having been made
【2012重庆卷】23.______to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.
A. Having been as ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ked B. To ask C. Having asked D. To be asked
【2012辽宁卷】29. This ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) machine is very easy . Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.
A. operat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing B. to be operating C. operated D. to operate
【2012辽宁卷】25. The o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ld couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog them.
A. to follow B. following C. followed D. follows
【2012四川卷】6. Tom took ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a taxi to the airport, only _____ his plane high up in the sky.
A. finding B. to find C. being found D. to have found
【2012四川卷】8. I loo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ked up and noticed a snake ______ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.
A. to wind B. wind C. winding D. wound
【2012四川卷】12. Before ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )driving into the city, you are required to get your car ____.
A. washed B. wash C. washing D. to wash
【2012四川卷】16. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )I make $2,000 a week, 60 surely won’t make ______ difference to me.
A. that a big ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. a that big C. big a that D. that big a
【2012陕西卷】15. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )________ in a long queue, we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad .
A. Standing B. To stand C. Stood D. Stand
【2012陕西卷】22.If he take ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s on this work, he will have no choice but ______ an even greater challenge.
A. meets B. meeting C. meet D. to meet
【2012北京卷】23. One ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) learns a language by making mistakes and ______ them.
A. corrects B. correct C.to correct D. correcting
【2012北京卷】27. _______ with care, one tin will last for six weeks.
A. Use B. Using C. Used D. To use
【2012全国II】15. The o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ld man sat in front of the television every evening, happy _____ anything that happened to be on.
A. to watch B. watching C. watched D. to have watched
【2012全国II】10. To ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ny lent me the money, ______that I’d do as much for him.
A. hoping B. to hope C. hoped D. having hoped
【2012北京卷】32. Bird ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s’ singing is sometimes a warning to other birds ________ away.
A. to stay B. staying C. stayed D. stay
【2012天津卷】He got up ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )late and hurried to his office, _________the breakfast untouched.
A. left B. to leave C. leaving D. having left
【2012全国新课程】32. Fil ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )m has a much shorter history, especially when_ such art forms as music and painting.
A. having compared to B. comparing to
C. compare to D. compared to
【2012全国新课程】28. The party will be held in the garden, weather .
A. permitting B. to permit
C. permitted D. permit
【2012山东卷】35. Af ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ter completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope ________.
A. providing B. provided
C. having provided D. provide
【2012山东卷】26. G ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eorge returned after the war, only _______ that his wife had left him.
A. to be told B. telling
C. being told D. told
【2012福建卷】22. 一 Have you figured out how much the trip will cost
—$4,000, or like that.
A. anything B. everything C. something D. nothing
【2012福建卷】28. China re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from in the South China Sea.
A. attacking B. having attacked C. being attacked D. having been attacked
【2012福建卷】34. Pressed ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) from his parents, and ______that he has wasted too much time , the boy is determined to stop playing video games.
A. realizing B. realized C. to realize D. being realized
【2012浙江卷】11."I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t's a such nice place," Mother said as she sat at the table________ for customs.
A. to be reserved B. Living reserved C. reserving D. reserved
【2012浙江卷】8.I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) think Tom, as the head of a big department, should cither study regularly or______ his job.
A. quits B. to quit C. quitting D. quit
【2012浙江卷】3.N ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it's better______silent.
A. remain B. be remaining C. having remained D. to remain
【2012江苏卷】31._____an i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mportant decision more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.
A. Based B. Basing C. Base D. To base
【2012安徽卷】30. When for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
A. asking B. asked C. having asked D. to be asked
【2012安徽卷】24. I rememb ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ered the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.
A. locking B. to lock C. having locked D. to have locked
【2011全国卷,27】The nex ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t thing he saw was smoke from behind the house.
A.rose B.rising C. to rise D.risen
【2011全国卷II,15】The isl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )and, to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.
A. joining ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. to join C. joined D. having joined
【2011全国卷II,18】Sa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rah pretended to be cheerful,_ nothing about the argument.
A. says B. said C. to say D. saying
【2011北京卷,25】It’s important for the figures regularly.
A. to be updated B. to have been updated C. to update D. to have updated
【2011北京卷,33】Sit d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )own, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired, on you feet.
A. to keep B. keeping C. having kept D. to have kept
【2011天津卷,7】Passengers ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )are permitted only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.
A.to carry B. carrying C. to be carried D. being carried
【2011天津卷,12】 into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.
A. Translating B. Translated C. To translate D. Having translated
【2011上海春招,34】 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Mike found his missing car in the street outside his house, newly cleaned and polished.
A. looked B. to look C. looking D. to be looking
【2011上海春招,36】 in 1955, Disneyland in California is regarded by many as the original fun park.
A. Opened B. Having opened C. Opening D. Being opened
【2011上海春招,40】Harri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )son Ford is thought to be one of the few movie stars as a carpenter before.
A. to work B. to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )be working C. to have worked D. to have been working
【2011山东卷,27】Look over ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )there—there’s a very long, winding path up to the house.
A. leading B. leads C. led D. to lead
【2011江苏卷,31】Recently ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a survey prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.
A．compared B．comparing C．compares D．being compared
【2011福建卷,23】Tsin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ghua University, in 1911, is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded
【2011福建卷,27】The d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ifference in thickness and weight from the earlier version makes the iPad 2 more comfortable .
A. held B. holding C. be held D. to hold
【2011安徽卷, 30】Tom ask ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier
into small pieces.
A. break B. breaking C. broken D. to break
【2011浙江卷,3】Bat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s are surprisingly long-lived creatures, some a life span of around 20 years.
A.having B had C. have D. to have
【2011浙江卷,14】Even the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) best writers sometimes find themselves for words.
A. lose B. lost C. to lose D. having lost
【2011浙江卷,19】If they ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city
by their enthusiastic supporters.
A. being cheered B. be cheered C. to be cheered D. were cheered
【2011四川卷,2】Ladex does’t feel like abroad. Her parents are old.
A. study B. studying C. studied D.to study
【2011四川卷,11】Simon ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )made a big bamboo box the little sick bird till it could fly.
A.keep B.kept C.keeping D.to keep
【2011四川卷,16】 an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous.
A.Offer B.Offering C.Offered D.To offer
【2011重庆卷,29】More TV p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rograms, according to government officials, will be produced
people’s concern over food safety.
A.to raise B.raising C.to have raised D. having raised
【2011重庆卷,33】Mic ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself
of his own dreams.
A. reminding B. to remind C. reminded D. remind
【2011陕西卷,14】Clair ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e had her luggage an hour before her plane left.
A.check B.checking C.to check D.checked
【2011陕西卷,20】More hi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ghways have been built in China,_ it much easier for people to travel form one place to another.
A. making B. made C. to make D. having made
【2011湖南卷,21】The abilit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y an idea is as important as the idea itself
A expressing B expressed C to express D to be expressed
【2011湖南卷,23】The p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )layers from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game .
A selecting B to select C selected D having selected
【2011湖南卷,29】Do ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) you wake up every morning energetic and ready to start a new day
A. feel B. to feel C. feeling D. felt
【2011辽宁卷,30】 arou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.
A. Gather B. To gather C. Gathering D. To be gathering
【2011江西卷32】On r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eceiving a phone call from his wife she had a fall, Mr. Gorden immediately rushed home from his office.
A. says B.said C.saying D.to say
【2011辽宁卷,23】Twenty stu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dents want to attend the class that aims to teach to read fast.
A. what B. who C. how D. why
〖10福建〗Lots of rescue w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )orkers were working around the clock, supplies to Yushu, Qinghai Province after the earthquake.
A. sending B. to send C. having sent D. to have sent
〖10福建〗In Apri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l, thousands of holidaymakers remained abroad due to the volcanic ash cloud.
A. sticking B. stuck C. to be stuck D. to have stuck
〖10上海〗Lucy has a great ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues with her stories.
A. amused B. amusing C. to amuse D. to be amused
〖10上海〗 the c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ity center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.
A. Approaching B. Approached C. To approach D. To be approached
〖10上海〗Thai is the o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nly way we can imagine the overuse of water in students’ bathrooms.
A. reducing B. to reduce C. reduced D. reduce
〖10安徽〗He had a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) wonderful childhood, _____with his mother to all corners of the world
A. travel B. to travel C. traveled D. traveling
〖10湖南〗Listen! Do you hear someone for help
A. calling B. call C. to call D. called
〖10湖南〗Dina, for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.
A. struggling ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. struggled C. having struggled D. to struggle
〖10湖南〗So far nobody has claimed the money in the library.
A. discovered B. to be discovered
C. discovering D. having discovered
〖10江西〗The lady walked ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) around the shops, _______ an eye out for bargains.
A keep B kept C keeping D to keep
〖10江西〗There were many talented actors out there just waiting ______.
A to discover B to be discovered C discovered D being discovered
〖10山东〗I have a lot of readings _____ before the end of this term.
A. completin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g B. to complete C. completed D. being completed
〖10天津〗It rained h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eavily in the south, serious flooding in several provinces.
A. caused B. having caused C. causing D. to cause
〖10四川〗A great number o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f students said they were forced to practise the piano.
A. to questio ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n B. to be questioned C. questioned D. questioning
〖10四川〗The lawyer li ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )stened with full attention, to miss any point.
A. not trying ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. trying not C. to try not D. not to try
〖10全国Ⅰ〗Mrs.White ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )showed her students some old maps ______ from the library.
A. to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing
〖10全国Ⅰ〗With Father’s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Day around the corner ,I have taken some money out of the bank ______ presents for my dad.
A. buy B. to buy C. buying D. to have bought
〖10江苏〗The retire ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d man donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu ,________the students to return to their classrooms.
A. enabling B. having enabled C. to enable D. to have enabled
〖10 陕西〗_____ fro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )m the top of the tower, the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees .
A. Seen B. Seeing C. Having seen D. To see
〖10 陕西〗His first ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) book next month is based on a true story.
A. published B. to be published C. to publish D. being published
〖10全国Ⅱ〗Though_________to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.
A. surprising B. as surprised C. surprised D being surprised
〖10辽宁〗We were ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )astonished _______ the temple still in its original condition.
A. finding ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. to find C. find D. to be found
〖10辽宁〗Alexander tried to get his work _______in the medical circles.
A. to recognize B. recognizing C. recognize D. recognized
〖10北京〗 at my ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) classmates’ faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.
A. Looking B. Look C. To look D. Looked
〖10北京〗I’m calling ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to inquire about the position in yesterday’s China Daily.
A. advertised B. to be advertised
C. advertising D. having advertised
〖10重庆〗The news ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) shocked the public, _______to great concern about students’ safety at school.
A. having led B. led C. leading D. to lead
〖10重庆〗Many buildings i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n the city need repairing, but the one ______first is the library.
A. repaired B. being repaired C. repairing D. to be repaired
〖10浙江〗The traffic rul ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e says young children under the age of four and less than 40 pounds must be in a child safety seat.
A. being weighed B. to weigh C. weighed D. weighing
核心考点十一　非谓语动词
1．________ as th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e “first lady of speech”，Dr, Lillian Glass is recognized as one of the world's leading experts on communication skills.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
A．Knowing B．Having known C．Known D．To be known
2．—Why do you look sad
—There are so many problems ________.
A．remaining to settle B．remained settling
C．remaining to be settled D．remained to be settled
．A few days a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )fter the interview，I received a letter ________ me admission to the university.
A．offering B．offered C．having offered D．to be offered
4．—We didn't find the Blacks ________ the lecture.
—No one had told him about ________ a lecture the following day.
A．to attend；there to be B．attending；there being
C．attended；there be D．attend；there was
5．Only ________ acc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ording to the directions can the medicine be quite effective.
A．taking B．taken C．being taken D．having been taken
6．The man we followe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d suddenly stopped and looked as if ________ whether he was going in the right direction.
A．seeing B．having seen C．to see D．to have seen
7．—Hi，Mary.Would you like to go to the concert this evening
—Sorry，Tom.________ tomorrow's lessons，I have no time to go out with you.
A．Not preparing B．Not having prepared
C．Not to prepare D．Being not prepared
8．Every student in our ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) class had an application form in his hand，but no one knew which office ________.
A．to send it to B．to send it
C．to be sent to D．to have it sent
9．—O'Neal works hard.
—So he does.He i ( http: /