2024届高考英语复习专题 探究高考命题特征 实现英语深度学习(共133张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2024届高考英语复习专题 探究高考命题特征 实现英语深度学习(共133张PPT) |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-11-03 08:19:18 | ||
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(共133张PPT)
探究高考命题特征 实现英语深度学习
2024届高考英语复习专题★★
2023年英语新高考四大难
听力难：英美音混合双打，完全听不懂
词汇难：生词量史上最大，堪比看天书
阅读难：文章题材极广泛，多领域融合
写作难：套用模板行不通，重语言应用
真题解读：
第一部分 听力 考查口头语篇的情境理解
关键能力
听力理解：
（1）获取具体信息。
（2）理解主旨要义，即提取或总结概括一段对话或独白的主旨要义。
（3）理解说话人的观点和态度。
（4）理解说话人的目的。
（5）推断，即根据相关信息，对话语发生的场合、说话人之间的关系
以及事件或活动的原因、过程、结果等进行推断。
W: Hello, Michael.
M: Hi, Sarah.
W: Are you attending the conference tomorrow morning at the Shelton Hotel
M: Yes. Are you
W: Yeah, but when I arrived home five minutes ago, I found that my car wouldn't start.
And John is in Brighton on business.
M: Do you know what's wrong with the car
W: I'm not exactly sure. I think there is a problem with the engine. Err…I wonder if you
could give me a ride to the hotel tomorrow morning.
M: Sure. When shall I be at your place
W: Well, what about 8: 00 From my place to Shelton, we have to drive through the
quarters, so we'd better leave early to avoid the traffic.
M: OK. No problem. It takes twenty minutes to reach your place. So I'll set off at 7:40. By
the way, do you also need me to drive you home tomorrow afternoon
W: No, John will be back then, and he'll get me home. Thank you, Michael.
M: That's okay. See you tomorrow.
2021 听力真题
14. Why did Sarah make the phone call
A. To ask a favor. B. To pass on a message. C. To make an appointment.
15. Where is Sarah now
A. In Brighton. B. At her home. C. At the Shelton Hotel.
16. What time is Michael leaving his place tomorrow morning
A. At 7：40. B. At 8：00. C. At 8：20.
17. What is the probable relationship between John and Sarah
A. Neighbors. B. Fellow workers. C. Husband and wife.
主题语境：求助——请同事捎她去开会
为什么求助？到哪里接？什么时间接？
1. 主播变化：更多样化、更口语化
2023听力
2. 语速变化：整体提升，接近真实
4. 词汇要求：灵活多变、语言地道
5. 能力要求：语言工具、信息整合
3. 选材特征：更情境化、更生活化
1. 主播变化：更多样化、更口语化
被部分考生和英语up主在网上狠狠吐槽。对于高考听力的男主播「嘴里含着……」「喉咙里卡……」「英国伦敦土音」→不公平的评价
男主播说话的口音，是比较地道的英国标准南部英语Standard Southern British（也可以称为通用英国英语GB），也就是俗称的标准英音。即便如此，无论是语言教学还是大众传媒，SSB都是最具通用性和代表性的英国口音。
部分考生吐槽听不明白，情况基本正常，一是英语教材与现实有不同程度的脱节在各国都是常态，二是浸染中国式英音多年的耳朵冷不丁听到正经英国人说话自然觉得落差大。英音录音要多听当代人的。当代SSB相对古老的RP（正宗英式口音），元音上的变化不少。现行的教材在这一点上可能有所滞后。
1. 主播变化：更多样化、更口语化
连读（用红色标出）、省音（用绿色标出）、变音（用蓝色标出）
Text 7 （话题：赶回家见友人，词数：101，时间：39”，语速：155词/分钟）
W: Jim will call on us this afternoon. Do you know where he is now
M: Er … wait. Let me see. He has sent two messages saying that he’s done with his work at the office and got a taxi and ... and he’ll arrive in twenty minutes.
W: We can’t keep him waiting outside our home. We have to hurry.
M: But it takes at least half an hour to get at the city center by bus. Look at the traffic.
W: Let’s get off. We can save at least twenty minutes by walking through the park.
M: Are you sure
W: Yes. A hundred percent.
年份 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 合计
2023 33 36 37 37 32 88 101 177 167 123 866
2022 34 33 41 28 38 66 142 130 179 164 855
2021 32 47 42 37 44 81 121 171 162 162 899
2020 24 36 36 36 45 64 59 155 230 179 864
2019 29 38 31 35 29 69 121 178 163 134 827
2019-2023年全国一卷听力“文本长度”分析（单位：词）
近五年的听力文本长度基本呈现出“循环式逐年增加”的趋势，整体语篇理解能力的提升符合《课程标准》中的语言能力目标：具有一定的语言意识和英语语感，在常见的具体语境中整合性地运用已有语言知识，理解口头和书面语篇所表达的意义，识别其恰当表意所采用的手段，有效地使用口语和书面语表达意义和进行人际交流（教育部，2020）。
2. 语速变化：整体提升，接近真实
年份 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 合计
2023 132 144 148 131 148 129 155 122 132 123 132
2022 120 141 129 112 143 132 121 113 126 107 120
2021 148 134 148 139 126 128 125 123 131 101 124
2020 160 166 154 144 150 148 148 141 148 145 147
2019 145 163 155 140 145 129 130 137 124 126 133
2019-2023年全国一卷听力“平均语速”分析（单位：词/分钟）
今年的高考语速虽然比2020年慢，但是比过去两年的语速要快，加上朗读者的“男英音，女美音”（同2023年1月浙江、山东听力主播）的变化，考生普遍感觉速度较快，理解难度偏大。我国中学英语教学大纲以及一些考试大纲曾经规定过的听力材料速度为100-120词/分钟（武遵民，2003）。今年的语速更接近日常交流，而不是朗读听力材料！
3. 选材特征：更情境化、更生活化
场景对话完全回归到真实生活情境中去，给人感觉生活化、真实度高，语言地道，较好地达成了真实语境下的语用考查目的。话题讨论深度较以往更加深入。
年份 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2023 周末计划 帮忙照看行李 计划探望友人 侍者算错账单 准备新年礼物 取消约会 赶回家见友人 偶获妹妹旧书 采访留学生 推荐订阅杂志
2022 找车位 赶飞机 感谢信 询问开馆时间 找酒店健身房 周末学生外出 给女儿选礼物 陪护狗帮孩子树信心 采访演员 邀请健康专家演讲
2021 出行原由 寻求帮助 照看孩子 催促回家 去除厨房异味 看足球赛 散步 谈论假期旅游 打电话求助 如何改进发音
2020 问路 维修理电视机 裁剪衣袖 谈论航班时间 如何改进文章 谈论周末活动 打电话取消会议 购物 采访著名插画家 演讲：陌生人闲谈
2019 医院看望病人 报名健身课程 商量见面地点 求职 参加音乐会 朋友生意停业 重返学校 父母对择业的影响 锻炼的益处 保护海鸟
2019-2023年全国一卷听力“语篇话题”分析
听力原文
Text 2 求助
W: Excuse me, could you mind my bags for a moment I want to buy some food at the convenience store. convenience store 便利店
M: No problem. But be quick. It was announced that my train will arrive in 10 minutes.
Text 3 计划与安排
W: Mark came out of hospital last Friday. Have you got a chance to visit him
M: I plan to see him this Saturday.
W: Aren’t you going to the conference then
M: No. It has been rescheduled for next Monday. reschedule 重新安排
Text 4 因算错账退顾客钱
M: Sorry, Miss. We made a terrible mistake adding up the bill. Here is the ten dollars we have to return to you. add up the bill 算账
W: Oh, I didn’t notice that. It’s OK. Don‘t blame the waiter. He’s been really nice.
4. 词汇要求：灵活多变、语言地道
Text 8 意外获得姐姐的一本旧书
W: Morning, Mark.
M: Morning, Clara. How was your weekend
W: Great. I went to my grandpa’s. He invited us to pick vegetables on his farm. My daughter had a great time there. What about you
M: Oh, I had a truly incredible experience. I dropped by a yard sale on Saturday and got several books.
W: Novels
M: A novel and two poetry collections. As I leafed through the novel, a piece of paper fell out. It was an air ticket from 2012. The flight was from Los Angeles to Chicago and the name on the ticket was Ashley Louis.
W: Was it
M: Yes. Ashley, my sister. In 2012, she lived in Los Angeles and her husband worked in Chicago. Both of them often flew between two cities. I asked the seller where he got the book. He said it was bought at a second-hand bookstore in Los Angeles three years ago. Last year, he and his family moved from Los Angeles to Philadelphia.
W: So, all the way cross the country, your sister’s old book landed in your hands. That’s really crazy.
incredible 难以置信的 drop by 偶然访问（某人或某地）；顺便访问
yard sale 庭院拍卖 poetry collection 诗集
leaf through 迅速翻阅
Text 9 在印第安纳州上大学的感受
W: Victor, you’ve been here in Indiana for six weeks now. How are you feeling
M: I think I’ve got used to college life, going to classes, working out and hanging out with my friends. Though there’s pressure to meet deadlines, life here is never boring.
W: What’s been hard about being an Indiana basketball player
M: Well, the training is very competitive, weightlifting and running every day. It’s not like high school. In high school, I really didn’t have to do that. I’m just trying to get used to it. And I think I am.
W: At this point, how do you see yourself fitting into this group
M: I think we’re all different. George is from Britain. Chris and Leo are from Australia. I’m from France. And the rest are Americans. But I get along with everybody. You know, we are really starting to bond. It’s great to see how we grow each day as a team.
W: Thanks, Victor. I wish you a very happy and fruitful stay in Indiana.
meet deadlines 在规定的时间内完成任务或达到目标
competitive 竞争的 weightlifting 举重
bond 增强（与某人的）信任关系 fruitful 硕果累累的；成功的
Text 10 鼓励订阅杂志《闲人》
W: Good evening, dear listeners. When was the last time you enjoyed leisure activities Do you want to live a full and happy life Today, I‘m going to introduce you to a magazine that features the art of living. The Idler was launched by Tom Hodgkinson, back in 1993. With the intention of providing a bit of fun, freedom and achievement in the busy world, it is now published bimonthly. In every issue, you will find an interesting mix of interviews and essays on the good life, history, philosophy, arts and fashion photography. You will find much to laugh at and much useful stuff as well, from recipes for making bacon to guides to housekeeping. If you ever felt that there is more to life than boring jobs, then why not subscribe to it The Idler is a cheering read that makes you feel better about life. You can download the application and subscribe today to get your first issue free.
launch 发行 bimonthly 两月一次；一月两次
issue （杂志或报刊的）期 subscribe to 订阅
构词法词汇、熟词生义现象增多，大量地道表达词块的高频使用，刷新历史。
构词法：overcharge, rudeness, weatherman, reschedule, outing, appointment, competitive, weightlifting, fruitful, regain, bimonthly, housekeeping, old-fashioned, wide-ranging, student-targeted, lecturer ...
熟词生义：mind (照料), leaf through (迅速翻阅), land in your hands (落在你手中), bond (团结在一起), read (n.读物) ...
固定词块：... get pretty crazy, taking a short cut home, drop by, a yard sale, fall out, work out, hang out, meet deadlines, fit into, subscribe to, download the application ...
5. 能力要求：语言工具、信息整合
年份 获取具体信息 简单推断 推断态度 主旨与要义
2023 9 9 1 1
2022 11 7 1 1
2021 16 3 0 1
2020 11 9 0 0
2019 7 10 2 1
《课程标准》：听力理解主要考查学生从口语语篇中获取信息和观点的能力。听力训练中识别主旨、细节、意图、态度等技能。
2019-2023年全国一卷听力“考点统计”分析
5. 能力要求：语言工具、信息整合
题干设置灵活度高，难度大，聚焦考生在扎实的语言基础上的对信息的整合、转换、推理以及快速反应和变通能力。
题号 考点 命题方式 具体信息
1 细节理解 考查同义词转换 go to the cinema→watch a film
2 细节理解 考查同义词转换 mind my bags→take care of her bags
3 细节理解 考查挑选有效信息 this Saturday/this Saturday
4 推理判断 考查同义词推理 ten dollars we have to return to you→For the overcharge
5 主旨大意 考查文字推理与归纳 get Steve a book for the new year→buying a present
2023年全国一卷听力“能力考查”分析
5. 能力要求：语言工具、信息整合
对话 题号 考点 命题方式 具体信息
Text 6 6 推理判断 考查同义推理 got a taxi...and he'll arrive in twenty minutes. → in a taxi now
7 细节理解 考查同义转换 We need to talk ... do it in person → Talk to Sara in person
Text 7 8 推理判断 考查同义推理 this Saturday/this Saturday
9 推理判断 考查同义推理 save at least twenty minutes by walking through the park → Taking a short cut home
Text 8 10 细节理解 考查同义转换 I went to my grandpa’s → She visited her grandpa
11 细节理解 考查同义转换 an air ticket → a plane ticket
12 推理判断 考查选择性推理 Mark在书店老板搬家后的Philadelphia买到这本书，因此推断Mark也住在Philadelphia。
13 细节理解 考查同义转换 Ashley, my sister → Brother and sister
5. 能力要求：语言工具、信息整合
对话 题号 考点 命题方式 具体信息
Text 9 14 推理判断 考查推理与归纳 连续提问，加上感谢和祝福可推知女生为记者。
15 细节理解 考查同义转换 competitive, every day, trying to get used to → adapting to the intense training
16 细节理解 考查同义转换 Britain, Australia, France, Americans → from different countries
17 观点态度 考查同义转换 starting to bond, grow each day as a team → getting stronger
Text 10 18 细节理解 考查同义转换 launched by Tom Hokinson→founder of the magazine
19 推理判断 考查同义推理 mix, much, from...to → wide-ranging
20 推理判断 考查推理与归纳 You can...subscribe to, get your first issue free → to do a promotion
听力部分第一节中的5个简短对话考查的是学生对简单信息的理解和判断能力，一般包含购物、预约等日常生活话题的简短对话。
第二节中，学生听到5 段长独白或对话，题型包括主旨大意、材料细节、推理判断、态度观点，考察学生的词汇、语音、语法、对英美文化的了解以及简单逻辑思维能力。
从整体来看，听力更多是对语言能力中语言技能的考查，其中还包含少部分文化意识、逻辑判断能力的考察。
听力小结：
（1）理解词汇。
（2）理解具体信息。
（3）理解主旨要义。
（4）理解观点、态度
（5）理解目的。
（6）推断。
（7）理解文章结构、类型。能运用语篇知识，辨别不同文章体裁，理解文章内部逻辑关系和作者为使行文连贯使用的各种衔接手段。
阅读（共两节，满分 50 分）
第一节 阅读理解：考查书面语篇的主题意义理解
阅读理解
1. 语篇长度：基本稳定，平均略低
2. 语篇难度：有所提升，C/D突出
3. 能力考查：更加全面，关键能力
4. 词汇句法：要求提高，必备知识
阅读A 阅读B 阅读C 阅读D 七选五 完形填空 语法填空 读后续写 合计
2023 205 334 318 337 239 227 197 320 2177
2022 234 338 292 335 252 236 221 313 2221
2021 284 320 293 283 266 210 198 316 2170
平均长度 241 331 301 318 252 224 205 316 2189
阅读A 阅读B 阅读C 阅读D 合计
2023 272 448 405 428 1553
2022 304 448 403 468 1623
2021 335 394 400 389 1518
平均长度 304 430 403 428 1565
1. 语篇长度：基本稳定，平均略低
2021-2023年全国一卷阅读理解“文本长度”分析
阅读理解“文本+选项长度”分析
近三年新高考试题语篇的“文本长度”和“文本+选项长度”总体稳定，为命题和教学中的语篇选择起到了很好的指向性作用！
阅读A 阅读B 阅读C 阅读D 七选五 完形填空 语法填空 读后续写
2023 易读度 54.6 67.0 44.9 40.3 69.9 67.8 55.0 77.6
年级水平 9.3 7.3 12.0 12.0 6.5 7.3 10.7 4.7
2022 易读度 64.6 68.8 63.5 52.8 62.8 75.4 26.9 71.8
年级水平 6.9 7.1 8.6 11.7 8.7 5.4 12.0 7.0
2021 易读度 66.4 71.7 31.6 22.5 66.9 74.6 73.2 84.4
年级水平 7.2 7.7 12.0 12.0 7.1 6.0 6.6 4.1
常规分析——2021-2023年全国一卷阅读理解“语篇易读度”分析
2. 语篇难度：有所提升，C/D突出
《中国英语能力等级量表》
China’s Standards of English Language Ability
下载：中华人民共和国教育部网站
学习：《中国考试》2023年第2期，2022年12期
基于《中国英语能力等级量表》的难度分析
“《中国英语能力等级量表》新成果发布暨《量表》应用研讨会”，2023 年 8 月 18-20 日，北京
基于《等级量表》的BCD篇“难度等级报告图”和“能力等级报告表”
分析工具：“阅读分析指南针”，网址https://www./tester/
基于《等级量表》的四套全国卷“能力等级报告表”对比分析
分析工具：“阅读分析指南针”，网址https://www./tester/
新高考全国 I 卷 新高考全国Ⅱ卷 A B C D 平均 A B C D 平均
词汇难度 4.94 4.68 4.97 5.02 4.90 4.00 4.57 5.07 4.91 4.64
句法难度 4.00 3.98 5.08 4.97 4.51 3.96 3.77 4.89 5.38 4.50
文本难度 4.41 4.88 4.98 5.01 4.82 3.99 4.79 5.19 4.88 4.71
全国甲卷 全国乙卷 A B C D 平均 A B C D 平均
词汇难度 4.85 4.00 4.27 4.79 4.48 4.99 4.69 4.81 4.82 4.83
句法难度 4.64 4.73 4.93 4.00 4.58 3.72 4.74 4.90 4.90 4.57
文本难度 4.85 4.12 4.28 4.74 4.50 5.06 4.77 4.54 4.90 4.82
阅读理解是学习和使用英语的一项基本能力。英语科的阅读理解能力归纳为 7 项具体能力。（《基于高考评价体系的英语科考试内容改革实施路径》，陈康，2019，教育部考试中心）
序号 能力考查 具体情况 考查说明
1 理解词汇 4篇阅读文本 多个合成词、派生词、转换词
2 理解具体信息 C篇的30题 需要归纳概括具体信息
3 理解主旨要义 D篇的32题 识别或总结概括文章或段落的主旨要义
4 理解观点、态度 C篇的31题 D篇的35题 了解和分析直接的和理解隐含的观点、态度
5 理解目的 B篇的26题 理解作者直接和间接表达的目的
6 推断 D篇的34题 推断作者未明确说明的事件或活动的原因、过程、结果，推断人物或事物的特性，推断人物的情绪或语气等。
7 理解文章结构、类型 每篇都应用 运用语篇知识，辨别不同文章体裁，理解文章内部逻辑关系和作者为使行文连贯使用的各种衔接手段。
3. 能力考查：更加全面，关键能力
3. 能力考查：更加全面，关键能力
2021新高考I卷 2022新高考I卷 2023新高考I卷
阅读理解 细节理解8题 推理判断2题 词义猜测1题 主旨大意1题 标题归纳1题 写作意图1题 观点态度1题 细节理解9题 推理判断3题 词义猜测1题 主旨大意1题 文章来源1题 细节理解7题
推理判断5题
词义猜测1题
主旨大意1题
观点态度1题
阅读部分的考点仍以细节理解题和推理判断题为主（细节理解减少，推理判断增加），减少了对标题归纳、写作意图、文章来源题的考查。另外，阅读题目的设置形式不仅仅是提问式的，还有填空式的，例如D篇的第33题。
4. 词汇句法：要求提高，必备知识
※限定性从属句子（17个）：包括定语从句、状语从句和名词性从句等。最长句：40个词。
句法分析
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and come to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together. ” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
※复杂名词短语（41个）：包括由形容词、所有格、介词短语、定语从句、现在分词或过去分词等修饰的名词短语。
句法分析
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and come to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
※非限定性动词短语（11个）：包括动词不定式、现在分词、动名词短语和过去分词短语等。
句法分析
★ 结论与启示
1. 句子复杂 —— C篇限制性从属句子、复杂性短语和非限定性短语较多，达到了14、38和14个，D篇限制性从属句子和复杂性短语达到了17和41个，最长句子到达了40个词。
2. 话题抽象 —— C篇介绍了数字极简主义的要求和工作原理，教读者如何采用这种原理，倡导简单的数字生活方式；D篇陈述了“群体智慧”效应。这个两个话题学生比较陌生，难度偏大。
3. 要求较高 —— 在有限的时间里，在精神高度紧张的答题状态中，要想实现对不熟悉的词、短语、句子的深入理解，主题的把握，对大部分学生而言确有难度。
词汇情况
1. 课标词汇：主体内容，各层兼顾
2. 变化词汇：派生词汇，合成词汇
3. 超标词汇：重新认识，有别考纲
序号 课标词 语篇用词 熟词生义
A篇 1 rent ** rental bike v [名词动化] 骑自行车
2 economic** economical around adv [熟词生义] 存在着，出现
3 sustain** sustainable cover v [熟词生义] 涵盖，包括
4 strategy* strategic bike v [名词动化] 骑自行车
5 addition* additional around adv [熟词生义] 存在着，出现
6 departure** depart cover v [熟词生义] 涵盖，包括
B篇 1 fish fishery trap v [熟词生义] 吸收，留存
2 construction** construct clear adj [熟词生义] 透明的
3 system* ecosystem life n [熟词生义] 生物，活物
4 ecology** ecological treat v [熟词生义] 处理
5 organ** organism self-repair n [合成词] 自行修复
6 eco-machine n [合成词] 生态机器
7 fiberglass n [合成词] 玻璃纤维
C篇阅读理解，文本中出现课标词的合成词、派生词或转换词共13个，课标未收录词1个，declutter。
选择性必修阶段掌握的词汇（用**标识），共12个。
序号 课标词 语篇用词 选项用词
1 minimum minimalism/minimalist philosophical
theoretical
statistical
historical
clear-up
add-on
check-in
take-over
选项中出现了4个派生词，4个合成词
2 detail detailed 3 explore exploration 4 philosophy** philosophy/philosophical 5 examine examination 6 tolerate intolerable 7 option optional 8 participate** participants 9 sustain** sustainable** 10 necessary necessity 11 mind mindless 12 tool toolbox 13 life lifestyle （C篇） The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt** this philosophy** if you decide it’s right for you. To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations** of digital minimalism, starting with an examination** of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable**, 动before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy. Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive** benefits to the things you value. In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear these participants**’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps** they encountered** that you should avoid. The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable** digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure** to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances**.
D篇阅读理解，文本中出现课标词的合成词、派生词或转换词共12个，课标未收录词3个，分别是dominant，correlated，
follow-up 。
选择性必修阶段掌握的词汇（用**标识），共12个。
序号 课标词 文本用词 选项用词
1 statistic** statistician
dominant
underlying
accuracy
occasional
unclear
dismissive
doubtful
approving
选项中出现了一个超标词汇，7个派生词
2 capital capitalize 3 estimate** overestimate/estimation/ underestimate 4 technology technical 5 accurate** accuracy 6 significant significantly 7 dominate** dominant 8 share shared 9 argue argument 10 reduce reduction 11 limit** limitations 12 imply** implications On March 7, 1907, the English statistician** Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom** of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation** he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate**. This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and come to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy** of the estimate will go down. But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon**. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained** from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant** response.动 Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations** and many questions remain, the potential** implications** for group discussion and decision-making are enormous**.
1.重新定义——新课标对超纲词汇进行了重新定义，只要新课标词汇表里面出现的词，它的派生词、合成词或转换词在命题中都被视为不超纲，词的外延被扩大了n倍，难。
2.改变认识——现在的“新课标理念”不同于“以前的考试说明”，新课标词汇表中的单词不是考纲词汇，它的派生词、合成词和转换词都不算超纲词。
3.适当扩大——选择性必修阶段应掌握的词分别占到了4%和3.8%，两篇文章还出现了4个新课标未收录的词，难度较大。
3. 超标词汇：重新认识，有别考纲
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, Iowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
28. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America
A. Loss of wetlands. B. Popularity of water sports.
C. Pollution of rivers. D. Arrival of other wild animals.
29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph
A. Acquire. B. Export. C. Destroy. D. Distribute.
30. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934
A. The stamp price has gone down. B. The migratory birds have flown away.
C. The hunters have stopped hunting. D. The government has collected money.
31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story B. The National Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
问题—解决模式(Problem—Solution)
问题—解决模式一般由四部分组成：情景(situation)、问题(problem)、反应(response)、评价／结果(evaluation／result)，它们构成线性序列关系。其中，“情景”指问题产生的背景；“问题”指情景中一个待做出反应／解决的方面；“反应”指解决问题的办法；“评价”指对问题解决有效性的评估，“结果”指事件解决结果。在模式的四要素中，“问题” “反应”属必要成分，“情景”“评价”和“结果”则属可选成分，在许多此类语篇中并不出现。另外，如果评价是否定的，一般说来作者会转而求助于其他解决方式，那么问题—解决模式在语篇中会重复出现，直到问题得到有效解决。
问题—解决模式是日常英语中极为常见的语篇模式，经常用于说明文、广告、科技文章、实验报告、新闻报道以及故事、小说等文学作品中。
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.
28. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America
A. Loss of wetlands. B. Popularity of water sports.
C. Pollution of rivers. D. Arrival of other wild animals.
29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph
A. Acquire. B. Export. C. Destroy. D. Distribute.
情景(situation)、问题(problem)、反应(response)、评价／结果(evaluation／result)
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
情景(situation)、问题(problem)、反应(response)、评价/结果(evaluation/result)
30. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934
A. The stamp price has gone down. B. The migratory birds have flown away.
C. The hunters have stopped hunting. D. The government has collected money.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
情景(situation)、问题(problem)、反应(response)、评价/结果(evaluation/result)
31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story B. The National Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
生词标注问题
32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence
A. It can be measured by an IQ test. B. It helps to exercise a person’s mind.
C. It includes a set of emotional skills. D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.
33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2
A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept.
C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction.
34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant.
C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence
A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies.
C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives.
现象解释型
phenomenon explanation attitude
即，要自问自答三个问题：
（1） 这篇文章讲的是什么现象？
（2） 作者从哪几个方面解释了现象？
（3） 对每个解释的态度如何？（正评价还是负评价）
Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
大众化在某些情况下改变了情商（情绪智力）的原始含义。许多人现在误以为情商几乎是一个人品性中不能用智商测试来衡量的值得拥有的所有东西，比如性格、动机、信心、心理稳定性、乐观主义和“人际交往技巧”。研究表明，情商技巧可能有助于这些品质的形成，但这些品质的大多数远远超出了基于技能的情商。
32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence
A. It can be measured by an IQ test. B. It helps to exercise a person’s mind.
C. It includes a set of emotional skills. D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.
考查的是段落中语句间的衔接
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.
我们更倾向于将情商描述为一组特定的技能，可以用于好的或坏的目的。准确理解他人感受的能力可能会被医生用来找到最好的帮助病人的方法，而骗子可能会用它来控制潜在的受害者。情感上的聪明并不一定能使人成为有道德的人。
考查语篇中使用具体的例子阐明观点。首尾呼应的段落主题句
33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2
A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept.
C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction.
衔接上段
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
尽管关于情商的流行观点远远超出了研究所能合理支持的范围，但大众化的总体效果是利大于弊。这种普及最积极的方面是那些对促进社会福利感兴趣的雇主、教育工作者和其他人对情感有着新的和迫切需要的重视。情绪智力的普及有助于公众和研究人员重新评估情绪的功能，以及情绪如何在日常生活中适应地为人们服务。
考查语篇中作者的态度
34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence
A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies.
C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives.
尽管情商的持续流行是可取的，但我们希望这种关注将激发人们对情感科学和学术研究的更大兴趣。我们希望，在未来几十年里，科学的进步将为研究人们如何管理自己的生活提供新的视角。情商，若将研究重点关注于智力和情感，也许能为我们指明正确的方向。
行文逻辑：现象（大众化导致大众对情感智力的误解）——正确的解释——大众化利大于弊——利就是促进研究的深化
Human speech contains more than 2000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages.
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned(对称), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure(结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic era, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. “The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.
2022新高考I卷 阅读理解D篇
32. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damian Blasi's research focus on
A. Its variety. B. Its distribution.
C. Its quantity. D. Its development.
33. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B. They could not open and close their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A. Supporting evidence for the research results.
B. Potential application of the research findings.
C. A further explanation of the research methods.
D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.
35.What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds
A. It is key to effective communication.
B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C. It is a complex and dynamic system.
D. It drives the evolution of human beings.
Para. 1 A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related
changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now
found in half the world’s languages.
Para. 2 Now a team … led by Damián Blasi … has found how and why this trend arose.
Para. 3 They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned(对称), making it hard to produce labiodentals
Para. 4 The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture
Para. 5 These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
Para. 6 This research overturns the popular view…
概括—具体模式(general-specific)该模式又名一般—特殊模式(general-particular)、综合—例证模式(general-example)或预览—细节模式(preview-detail)。在这种类型的语篇中，开头部分为一般的陈述或总体轮廓，后面则提供具体的例证或细节描述。该模式通常由三部分组成：概括陈述，具体陈述和总结陈述。其中“总结陈述”是对语篇内容的总结，但有的篇章没有明显的总结部分。
① Human speech contains more than 2000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages.
② More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
32. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damian Blasi's research focus on
A. Its variety. B. Its distribution.
C. Its quantity. D. Its development.
③ They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned(对称), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure(结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
他们发现古代成人的上下门牙是对称的, 使下唇与上齿接触形成唇齿音的过程变得困难。后来，我们的下巴变成了覆牙合结构, 更容易发出这样的声音。
④The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large.
33. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B. They could not open and close their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
⑤ Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic era, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A. Supporting evidence for the research results.
B. Potential application of the research findings.
C. A further explanation of the research methods.
D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.
⑥ This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. “The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.
但我们今天发现的各种语音是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物。
35.What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds
A. It is key to effective communication.
B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C. It is a complex and dynamic system.
D. It drives the evolution of human beings.
阅读理解题第一部分的四篇语篇阅读中，第一篇为应用文，题型基本是细节理解，可直接从原文中获取答案，难度相对简单; 其他三篇语篇类型多变，多为说明文和记叙文，题型设置上更强调归纳推理能力，无法直接从原文中获取答案，难度相对提高。从语篇类型角度而言，通过阅读理解来熟悉多种类型的语篇，有助于学生了解不同语篇的特征结构和表达方式，提高学生的阅读归纳、逻辑推理等多种阅读技巧。
说明文常见结构：
总分式（总分、分总、总分总）、递进式、对照式。
常见语篇模式：
问题—解决模式(The problem-solution pattern)，
概括—具体模式(The general-specific pattern)，
假设—真实模式(The hypothetical-real pattern)，
提问—回答模式(The question-answer pattern)，
匹配模式(The matching pattern)。
(1)问题—解决模式(Problem—Solution)
问题—解决模式一般由四部分组成：情景(situation)、问题(problem)、反应(response)、评价／结果(evaluation／result)，它们构成线性序列关系。其中，“情景”指问题产生的背景；“问题”指情景中一个待做出反应／解决的方面；“反应”指解决问题的办法；“评价”指对问题解决有效性的评估，“结果”指事件解决结果。在模式的四要素
中，“问题”“反应”属必要成分，“情景”“评价”和“结果”则属可选成分，在许多此类语篇中并不出现。另外，如果评价是否定的，一般说来作者会转而求助于其他解决方式，那么问题—解决模式在语篇中会重复出现，直到问题得到有效解决。
研究发现，问题—解决模式是日常英语中极为常见的语篇模式，经常用于说明文、广告、科技文章、实验报告、新闻报道以及故事、小说等文学作品中。
(2)概括—具体模式(general-specific)
一般—特殊模式(general-particular)
综合—例证模式(general-example)
预览—细节模式(preview-detail)。
在这种类型的语篇中，开头部分为一般的陈述或总体轮廓，后面则提供具体的例证或细节描述。该模式通常由三部分组成：概括陈述，具体陈述和总结陈述。其中“总结陈述”是对语篇内容的总结，但有的篇章没有明显的总结部分。
概括陈述
—具体陈述1
—具体陈述2
—具体陈述3
—具体陈述n
—总结陈述
概括陈述
—具体陈述
—更具体陈述1
—更具体陈述2
—更具体陈述n
—总结陈述
此模式有两种体现形式：
(3)主张—反应模式(claim-response)
假设—真实模式(hypothetical-rea1)
主张—反主张模式(claim-counterclaim)。
该模式的宏观结构一般由“情景”“主张”“反应”等三部分构成，其中“主张”和“反应”为核心或必要成分。在主张部分，作者陈述他人或自己的已经说过但没有认同其真实性的观点或情况；在反应部分，作者阐明自己的观点，即支持或反驳、肯定或否定，并阐述理由。需要指出的是，“反应”有时不一定是作者本人的看法或观点，而是作者提出另一方的反主张或者是描述真实的情况。主张—反应模式是论辩类语篇的典型模式。
(4)提问 —回答模式
提问 —回答模式(question-answer pattern)与问题 —解决模式有异曲同工之妙，但该模式一般会以一个明显的问题开头引题，接着在语篇的展开中探寻该问题的理想答案。该模式的宏观结构是“情景”“提问”“回答”与肯定或否定“评价”，但主要成分是“提问”和“回答”。情景是非必要元素(optiona1)，若对回答持肯定评价就表明语篇的终结但有时可忽略，若是否定评价(Negative Evaluation／Rejection)则要进行模式循环，直到出现令人满意的回答。
(5)匹配比较模式(matching pattern)
这种语篇模式包括两种类型：一是一致匹配关系(matching compatibility relation)，即语篇的部分内容具有共同性或相似性的细节；二是对立匹配关系(matching contrast relation)，即语篇的部分内容具有相互对立或差异的细节。语境、反义或否定词的运用等决定了匹配模式的表现形式，且这两种形式经常相互结合、共同存在。匹配模式的重要手段就是“重复”，即句法与语义结构上的对应。重复包括简单重复(simple repetition)、复杂重复(complex repetition)、省略(ellipsis)、替代(substitution)与解释(paraphrase)。此外，借助词汇释义、标识和问题回答等可识别匹配模式，该模式常与其他模式交叉运用于语篇之中。
第二节 阅读七选五
重点考查语篇中衔接与连贯
My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. 36 So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.
The place wasn’t entirely authentic, though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing (水管) worked. 37 Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, “Ouverture des portes,” in perfect French. That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it.
Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. 38 French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.
39 On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!
In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency. You can tell this by cafés life. French cafés are always crowded. 40 When do these people work The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously — so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.
My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. 36 So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.
A. Not all the customers are tourists.
B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
因果关系
The place wasn’t entirely authentic, though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing (水管) worked. 37 Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, “Ouverture des portes,” in perfect French. That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it.
A. Not all the customers are tourists.
B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
首句为段落主题句：说明本段
主要内容是介绍公寓设施的情况。
Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. 38 French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.
他们吃得很好，而且从不发胖。食物是如此美味，你不需要吃太多就能使你快乐。法国草莓尝起来不像硬纸板。相反，它们会像美味小炸弹一样在你嘴里爆炸。
A. Not all the customers are tourists.
B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
Opinions and Facts
39 On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!
上段they eat great food and never gain weight. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
A. Not all the customers are tourists.
B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
语义连贯：上一段关于法国人吃的少但是不胖的话题，E选项引起下文，给出了法国人吃的少的另一个原因‘物价贵”。
In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency. You can tell this by cafés life. French cafés are always crowded. 40 When do these people work The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously — so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.
法国咖啡馆总是很拥挤。并不是所有的顾客都是游客。这些人（法国当地人）什么时候工作？
A. Not all the customers are tourists.
B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
“七选五”，检测学生对于语篇全文和语段上下文大体含义的理解能力和对文章逻辑结构的分析能力，考察的同样是学生的语篇理解能力和逻辑思维能力，还可能涉及一些生活常识或文化常识。
七选五要从文章及段落的结构、设空的位置入手，以词汇关联和逻辑关联两大线索进行解题，要加强讲练结合，通过训练来强化学生的解题思维，通过讲评来了解学生的知识漏洞及解题方法的欠缺。
了解语篇的内在结构——微观和宏观的组织方式。句子之间的衔接和连贯关系，句子的信息展开方式等，属于语篇的微观结构；语篇类型、语篇格式、语篇中段与段的关系，语篇各部分与语篇主体之间的关系等，属于语篇的宏观结构。
七选五备考策略
Eating out as a cook allows you to taste surprising ingredients in dishes. ___18___ Unusual flavors excite you and unique interpretations of dishes have you asking the waiter exactly what was added to make the food so flavorful. That might not excite your non-cook friends and family, but for you, it’s a great way to learn and improve. ___19___.
A. Going out to eat becomes a whole other experience.
B. It is also likely to potentially inspire you to try to cook the meals in your own kitchen.
阅读七选五通常是说明文，建议从语篇结构、语篇内容、语篇逻辑结构三个维度入手解题。
借用文本结构图、思维导图等帮助学生理清文本结构，分析语篇组织结构所隐含的逻辑关系，分析段落之间、句际之间的逻辑关系和衔接方式，匹配的关键词。留意代词it、人称代词变化及相似句式，以增强解题的针对性和有效性。
解题三步曲
看位置
定方向
段落小标题—形式统一，主题句
段首—主题句/启下
段中—承上/启下/承上启下
段尾—总结/承上/承上启下
找词汇
锁选项
原词/同词复现
代词指代
思逻辑
核答案
并列递进
转折对比
顺序因果
解释例证
语义场
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.
Some of our 41 are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little. Once, we 42 along Chalk Creek. I was 43 that our 15-month-old boy would fall into the creek（小溪）. I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot. That lasted about ten minutes. He was 44 , and his crying let the whole campground know it. So 45 tying him up, I just kept a close eye on him. It 46 — he didn't end up in the creek. My three-year-old, however, did.
41. A. ideas B. jokes C. memories D. discoveries
42. A. camped B. drove C. walked D. cycled
43. A. annoyed B. surprised C. disappointed D. worried
44. A. unhurt B. unfortunate C. uncomfortable D. unafraid
45. A. due to B. instead of C. apart from D. as for
46. A. worked B. happened C. mattered D. changed
Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we 47 , but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly 48 our peaceful morning trip. The 49 picked up and thunder rolled. My husband stopped fishing to 50 the motor. Nothing. He tried again. No 51 . We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor. As we all sat there 52 , a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed（拖）us back. We were 53 .
Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage, we are filled with a sense of 54 , wondering what camping fun and 55 we will experience next.
47. A. signed up B. calmed down C. checked out D. headed off
48. A. arranged B. interrupted C. completed D. recorded
49. A. wind B. noise C. temperature D. speed
50. A. find B. hide C. start D. fix
51. A. luck B. answer C. wonder D. signal
52. A. patiently B. tirelessly C. doubtfully D. helplessly
53. A. sorry B. brave C. safe D. right
54. A. relief B. duty C. pride D. excitement
55. A. failure B. adventure C. performance D. conflict
完形填空考什么？
1、考查考生是否能在掌握文章主旨大意和正确理解句与句、段与段之间的内在联系的基础上，准确运用动词、名词、形容词、副词、介词等的能力；
2、考查词汇在篇章的不可替代性（唯一性）。
课标：语篇中各要素之间存在复杂的关系，如句与句、段与段、标题与正文、文字与图表之间的关系。这些关系涉及语篇的微观和宏观组织结构。句子内部的语法结构、词语搭配、指代关系、句子的信息展开方式等，属于语篇的微观组织结构。语篇中段与段的关系以及语篇各部分与语篇主题之间的关系，则属于语篇的宏观组织结构。
完形填空从不同层面考查语篇内的信息关联
句内层面：43，44，46，47，48
句际层面：45，49，50，51，52，53
段际层面：42
篇章层面：41，54，55
第二节（共10小题; 每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”. 56 is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we
57 (human) are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will 58 (undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ____59____ (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it But that’s how nature is — always leaving us ____60____(astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ____61____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure ____62____offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ____63____ (ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in ____64____(I).While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is ____65____ must to visit!
56. What 57. humans 58. undoubtedly 59. hotter 60. astonished
61. was 62. and 63. aching 64. mine 65. a
考查使用正确的语法形式表达语篇的主题意义
The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). 56 (cover) an area about three times 57 size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 58 (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority 59 (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP 60 (design) to reflect the guiding principle of "protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, 61 leaving behind precious natural assets(资产) for future generations". The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 62 (population) and homes of giant pandas, and 63 (eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
Giant pandas also serve 64 an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species 65 live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
56. Covering 57. the 58. were 59. to increase 60. is designed
61. and 62. populations 63. eventually 64. as 65. that
长难句
题号 考点
56 非谓语动词
57 冠词
58 时态与主谓一致
59 非谓语动词
60 时态、语态与主谓一致
61 连词
62 名词复数
63 形容词副词转换
64 介词
65 定语从句关系词
应用文——考查基于主题创设语篇的能力
2023 年全国甲卷
(适用地区：四川、广西、贵州、西藏）
学校举办以英语用讲中国故事为主题的征文活动， 请以一位中国历史人物为题写一篇短文投稿， 内容包括：
1.人物事迹；
2.意义：
3.启示。
2023 年全国乙卷
(适用地区：内蒙古、陕西、甘肃、青海、宁夏、新疆、江西、河南）
以向学校英文报投稿的方式，用英语描述在暑假所学到的一项新技能的经历及从中获得的体验和感受。
全国甲、乙卷的应用文体裁都是短文投稿类，利于学生写作空间的延展，不注重固定的写作格式，更重视内容的搭建和要点衔接。
2023 年新课标 I 卷
(适用地区：山东、广东、湖南、湖北、河北、江苏、福建、浙江）
假定你是李华， 你校外教 Ryan 准备将学生随机分为两人一组， 让大家课后练习口语，你认为此分组办法存在问题，请给外教写一封邮件， 内容包括：
1.说明问题：
2.提出建议。
2023年新高考 I 卷和北京卷都以建议信为主要写作载体，符合新课标“能用英语做事情”的要求，贴近学习与社会生活。
2023 年北京卷
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友 Jim 正在策划一次以“绿色北京”为主题的社团活动，他 发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：
1.
探究高考命题特征 实现英语深度学习
2024届高考英语复习专题★★
2023年英语新高考四大难
听力难：英美音混合双打，完全听不懂
词汇难：生词量史上最大，堪比看天书
阅读难：文章题材极广泛，多领域融合
写作难：套用模板行不通，重语言应用
真题解读：
第一部分 听力 考查口头语篇的情境理解
关键能力
听力理解：
（1）获取具体信息。
（2）理解主旨要义，即提取或总结概括一段对话或独白的主旨要义。
（3）理解说话人的观点和态度。
（4）理解说话人的目的。
（5）推断，即根据相关信息，对话语发生的场合、说话人之间的关系
以及事件或活动的原因、过程、结果等进行推断。
W: Hello, Michael.
M: Hi, Sarah.
W: Are you attending the conference tomorrow morning at the Shelton Hotel
M: Yes. Are you
W: Yeah, but when I arrived home five minutes ago, I found that my car wouldn't start.
And John is in Brighton on business.
M: Do you know what's wrong with the car
W: I'm not exactly sure. I think there is a problem with the engine. Err…I wonder if you
could give me a ride to the hotel tomorrow morning.
M: Sure. When shall I be at your place
W: Well, what about 8: 00 From my place to Shelton, we have to drive through the
quarters, so we'd better leave early to avoid the traffic.
M: OK. No problem. It takes twenty minutes to reach your place. So I'll set off at 7:40. By
the way, do you also need me to drive you home tomorrow afternoon
W: No, John will be back then, and he'll get me home. Thank you, Michael.
M: That's okay. See you tomorrow.
2021 听力真题
14. Why did Sarah make the phone call
A. To ask a favor. B. To pass on a message. C. To make an appointment.
15. Where is Sarah now
A. In Brighton. B. At her home. C. At the Shelton Hotel.
16. What time is Michael leaving his place tomorrow morning
A. At 7：40. B. At 8：00. C. At 8：20.
17. What is the probable relationship between John and Sarah
A. Neighbors. B. Fellow workers. C. Husband and wife.
主题语境：求助——请同事捎她去开会
为什么求助？到哪里接？什么时间接？
1. 主播变化：更多样化、更口语化
2023听力
2. 语速变化：整体提升，接近真实
4. 词汇要求：灵活多变、语言地道
5. 能力要求：语言工具、信息整合
3. 选材特征：更情境化、更生活化
1. 主播变化：更多样化、更口语化
被部分考生和英语up主在网上狠狠吐槽。对于高考听力的男主播「嘴里含着……」「喉咙里卡……」「英国伦敦土音」→不公平的评价
男主播说话的口音，是比较地道的英国标准南部英语Standard Southern British（也可以称为通用英国英语GB），也就是俗称的标准英音。即便如此，无论是语言教学还是大众传媒，SSB都是最具通用性和代表性的英国口音。
部分考生吐槽听不明白，情况基本正常，一是英语教材与现实有不同程度的脱节在各国都是常态，二是浸染中国式英音多年的耳朵冷不丁听到正经英国人说话自然觉得落差大。英音录音要多听当代人的。当代SSB相对古老的RP（正宗英式口音），元音上的变化不少。现行的教材在这一点上可能有所滞后。
1. 主播变化：更多样化、更口语化
连读（用红色标出）、省音（用绿色标出）、变音（用蓝色标出）
Text 7 （话题：赶回家见友人，词数：101，时间：39”，语速：155词/分钟）
W: Jim will call on us this afternoon. Do you know where he is now
M: Er … wait. Let me see. He has sent two messages saying that he’s done with his work at the office and got a taxi and ... and he’ll arrive in twenty minutes.
W: We can’t keep him waiting outside our home. We have to hurry.
M: But it takes at least half an hour to get at the city center by bus. Look at the traffic.
W: Let’s get off. We can save at least twenty minutes by walking through the park.
M: Are you sure
W: Yes. A hundred percent.
年份 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 合计
2023 33 36 37 37 32 88 101 177 167 123 866
2022 34 33 41 28 38 66 142 130 179 164 855
2021 32 47 42 37 44 81 121 171 162 162 899
2020 24 36 36 36 45 64 59 155 230 179 864
2019 29 38 31 35 29 69 121 178 163 134 827
2019-2023年全国一卷听力“文本长度”分析（单位：词）
近五年的听力文本长度基本呈现出“循环式逐年增加”的趋势，整体语篇理解能力的提升符合《课程标准》中的语言能力目标：具有一定的语言意识和英语语感，在常见的具体语境中整合性地运用已有语言知识，理解口头和书面语篇所表达的意义，识别其恰当表意所采用的手段，有效地使用口语和书面语表达意义和进行人际交流（教育部，2020）。
2. 语速变化：整体提升，接近真实
年份 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 合计
2023 132 144 148 131 148 129 155 122 132 123 132
2022 120 141 129 112 143 132 121 113 126 107 120
2021 148 134 148 139 126 128 125 123 131 101 124
2020 160 166 154 144 150 148 148 141 148 145 147
2019 145 163 155 140 145 129 130 137 124 126 133
2019-2023年全国一卷听力“平均语速”分析（单位：词/分钟）
今年的高考语速虽然比2020年慢，但是比过去两年的语速要快，加上朗读者的“男英音，女美音”（同2023年1月浙江、山东听力主播）的变化，考生普遍感觉速度较快，理解难度偏大。我国中学英语教学大纲以及一些考试大纲曾经规定过的听力材料速度为100-120词/分钟（武遵民，2003）。今年的语速更接近日常交流，而不是朗读听力材料！
3. 选材特征：更情境化、更生活化
场景对话完全回归到真实生活情境中去，给人感觉生活化、真实度高，语言地道，较好地达成了真实语境下的语用考查目的。话题讨论深度较以往更加深入。
年份 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
2023 周末计划 帮忙照看行李 计划探望友人 侍者算错账单 准备新年礼物 取消约会 赶回家见友人 偶获妹妹旧书 采访留学生 推荐订阅杂志
2022 找车位 赶飞机 感谢信 询问开馆时间 找酒店健身房 周末学生外出 给女儿选礼物 陪护狗帮孩子树信心 采访演员 邀请健康专家演讲
2021 出行原由 寻求帮助 照看孩子 催促回家 去除厨房异味 看足球赛 散步 谈论假期旅游 打电话求助 如何改进发音
2020 问路 维修理电视机 裁剪衣袖 谈论航班时间 如何改进文章 谈论周末活动 打电话取消会议 购物 采访著名插画家 演讲：陌生人闲谈
2019 医院看望病人 报名健身课程 商量见面地点 求职 参加音乐会 朋友生意停业 重返学校 父母对择业的影响 锻炼的益处 保护海鸟
2019-2023年全国一卷听力“语篇话题”分析
听力原文
Text 2 求助
W: Excuse me, could you mind my bags for a moment I want to buy some food at the convenience store. convenience store 便利店
M: No problem. But be quick. It was announced that my train will arrive in 10 minutes.
Text 3 计划与安排
W: Mark came out of hospital last Friday. Have you got a chance to visit him
M: I plan to see him this Saturday.
W: Aren’t you going to the conference then
M: No. It has been rescheduled for next Monday. reschedule 重新安排
Text 4 因算错账退顾客钱
M: Sorry, Miss. We made a terrible mistake adding up the bill. Here is the ten dollars we have to return to you. add up the bill 算账
W: Oh, I didn’t notice that. It’s OK. Don‘t blame the waiter. He’s been really nice.
4. 词汇要求：灵活多变、语言地道
Text 8 意外获得姐姐的一本旧书
W: Morning, Mark.
M: Morning, Clara. How was your weekend
W: Great. I went to my grandpa’s. He invited us to pick vegetables on his farm. My daughter had a great time there. What about you
M: Oh, I had a truly incredible experience. I dropped by a yard sale on Saturday and got several books.
W: Novels
M: A novel and two poetry collections. As I leafed through the novel, a piece of paper fell out. It was an air ticket from 2012. The flight was from Los Angeles to Chicago and the name on the ticket was Ashley Louis.
W: Was it
M: Yes. Ashley, my sister. In 2012, she lived in Los Angeles and her husband worked in Chicago. Both of them often flew between two cities. I asked the seller where he got the book. He said it was bought at a second-hand bookstore in Los Angeles three years ago. Last year, he and his family moved from Los Angeles to Philadelphia.
W: So, all the way cross the country, your sister’s old book landed in your hands. That’s really crazy.
incredible 难以置信的 drop by 偶然访问（某人或某地）；顺便访问
yard sale 庭院拍卖 poetry collection 诗集
leaf through 迅速翻阅
Text 9 在印第安纳州上大学的感受
W: Victor, you’ve been here in Indiana for six weeks now. How are you feeling
M: I think I’ve got used to college life, going to classes, working out and hanging out with my friends. Though there’s pressure to meet deadlines, life here is never boring.
W: What’s been hard about being an Indiana basketball player
M: Well, the training is very competitive, weightlifting and running every day. It’s not like high school. In high school, I really didn’t have to do that. I’m just trying to get used to it. And I think I am.
W: At this point, how do you see yourself fitting into this group
M: I think we’re all different. George is from Britain. Chris and Leo are from Australia. I’m from France. And the rest are Americans. But I get along with everybody. You know, we are really starting to bond. It’s great to see how we grow each day as a team.
W: Thanks, Victor. I wish you a very happy and fruitful stay in Indiana.
meet deadlines 在规定的时间内完成任务或达到目标
competitive 竞争的 weightlifting 举重
bond 增强（与某人的）信任关系 fruitful 硕果累累的；成功的
Text 10 鼓励订阅杂志《闲人》
W: Good evening, dear listeners. When was the last time you enjoyed leisure activities Do you want to live a full and happy life Today, I‘m going to introduce you to a magazine that features the art of living. The Idler was launched by Tom Hodgkinson, back in 1993. With the intention of providing a bit of fun, freedom and achievement in the busy world, it is now published bimonthly. In every issue, you will find an interesting mix of interviews and essays on the good life, history, philosophy, arts and fashion photography. You will find much to laugh at and much useful stuff as well, from recipes for making bacon to guides to housekeeping. If you ever felt that there is more to life than boring jobs, then why not subscribe to it The Idler is a cheering read that makes you feel better about life. You can download the application and subscribe today to get your first issue free.
launch 发行 bimonthly 两月一次；一月两次
issue （杂志或报刊的）期 subscribe to 订阅
构词法词汇、熟词生义现象增多，大量地道表达词块的高频使用，刷新历史。
构词法：overcharge, rudeness, weatherman, reschedule, outing, appointment, competitive, weightlifting, fruitful, regain, bimonthly, housekeeping, old-fashioned, wide-ranging, student-targeted, lecturer ...
熟词生义：mind (照料), leaf through (迅速翻阅), land in your hands (落在你手中), bond (团结在一起), read (n.读物) ...
固定词块：... get pretty crazy, taking a short cut home, drop by, a yard sale, fall out, work out, hang out, meet deadlines, fit into, subscribe to, download the application ...
5. 能力要求：语言工具、信息整合
年份 获取具体信息 简单推断 推断态度 主旨与要义
2023 9 9 1 1
2022 11 7 1 1
2021 16 3 0 1
2020 11 9 0 0
2019 7 10 2 1
《课程标准》：听力理解主要考查学生从口语语篇中获取信息和观点的能力。听力训练中识别主旨、细节、意图、态度等技能。
2019-2023年全国一卷听力“考点统计”分析
5. 能力要求：语言工具、信息整合
题干设置灵活度高，难度大，聚焦考生在扎实的语言基础上的对信息的整合、转换、推理以及快速反应和变通能力。
题号 考点 命题方式 具体信息
1 细节理解 考查同义词转换 go to the cinema→watch a film
2 细节理解 考查同义词转换 mind my bags→take care of her bags
3 细节理解 考查挑选有效信息 this Saturday/this Saturday
4 推理判断 考查同义词推理 ten dollars we have to return to you→For the overcharge
5 主旨大意 考查文字推理与归纳 get Steve a book for the new year→buying a present
2023年全国一卷听力“能力考查”分析
5. 能力要求：语言工具、信息整合
对话 题号 考点 命题方式 具体信息
Text 6 6 推理判断 考查同义推理 got a taxi...and he'll arrive in twenty minutes. → in a taxi now
7 细节理解 考查同义转换 We need to talk ... do it in person → Talk to Sara in person
Text 7 8 推理判断 考查同义推理 this Saturday/this Saturday
9 推理判断 考查同义推理 save at least twenty minutes by walking through the park → Taking a short cut home
Text 8 10 细节理解 考查同义转换 I went to my grandpa’s → She visited her grandpa
11 细节理解 考查同义转换 an air ticket → a plane ticket
12 推理判断 考查选择性推理 Mark在书店老板搬家后的Philadelphia买到这本书，因此推断Mark也住在Philadelphia。
13 细节理解 考查同义转换 Ashley, my sister → Brother and sister
5. 能力要求：语言工具、信息整合
对话 题号 考点 命题方式 具体信息
Text 9 14 推理判断 考查推理与归纳 连续提问，加上感谢和祝福可推知女生为记者。
15 细节理解 考查同义转换 competitive, every day, trying to get used to → adapting to the intense training
16 细节理解 考查同义转换 Britain, Australia, France, Americans → from different countries
17 观点态度 考查同义转换 starting to bond, grow each day as a team → getting stronger
Text 10 18 细节理解 考查同义转换 launched by Tom Hokinson→founder of the magazine
19 推理判断 考查同义推理 mix, much, from...to → wide-ranging
20 推理判断 考查推理与归纳 You can...subscribe to, get your first issue free → to do a promotion
听力部分第一节中的5个简短对话考查的是学生对简单信息的理解和判断能力，一般包含购物、预约等日常生活话题的简短对话。
第二节中，学生听到5 段长独白或对话，题型包括主旨大意、材料细节、推理判断、态度观点，考察学生的词汇、语音、语法、对英美文化的了解以及简单逻辑思维能力。
从整体来看，听力更多是对语言能力中语言技能的考查，其中还包含少部分文化意识、逻辑判断能力的考察。
听力小结：
（1）理解词汇。
（2）理解具体信息。
（3）理解主旨要义。
（4）理解观点、态度
（5）理解目的。
（6）推断。
（7）理解文章结构、类型。能运用语篇知识，辨别不同文章体裁，理解文章内部逻辑关系和作者为使行文连贯使用的各种衔接手段。
阅读（共两节，满分 50 分）
第一节 阅读理解：考查书面语篇的主题意义理解
阅读理解
1. 语篇长度：基本稳定，平均略低
2. 语篇难度：有所提升，C/D突出
3. 能力考查：更加全面，关键能力
4. 词汇句法：要求提高，必备知识
阅读A 阅读B 阅读C 阅读D 七选五 完形填空 语法填空 读后续写 合计
2023 205 334 318 337 239 227 197 320 2177
2022 234 338 292 335 252 236 221 313 2221
2021 284 320 293 283 266 210 198 316 2170
平均长度 241 331 301 318 252 224 205 316 2189
阅读A 阅读B 阅读C 阅读D 合计
2023 272 448 405 428 1553
2022 304 448 403 468 1623
2021 335 394 400 389 1518
平均长度 304 430 403 428 1565
1. 语篇长度：基本稳定，平均略低
2021-2023年全国一卷阅读理解“文本长度”分析
阅读理解“文本+选项长度”分析
近三年新高考试题语篇的“文本长度”和“文本+选项长度”总体稳定，为命题和教学中的语篇选择起到了很好的指向性作用！
阅读A 阅读B 阅读C 阅读D 七选五 完形填空 语法填空 读后续写
2023 易读度 54.6 67.0 44.9 40.3 69.9 67.8 55.0 77.6
年级水平 9.3 7.3 12.0 12.0 6.5 7.3 10.7 4.7
2022 易读度 64.6 68.8 63.5 52.8 62.8 75.4 26.9 71.8
年级水平 6.9 7.1 8.6 11.7 8.7 5.4 12.0 7.0
2021 易读度 66.4 71.7 31.6 22.5 66.9 74.6 73.2 84.4
年级水平 7.2 7.7 12.0 12.0 7.1 6.0 6.6 4.1
常规分析——2021-2023年全国一卷阅读理解“语篇易读度”分析
2. 语篇难度：有所提升，C/D突出
《中国英语能力等级量表》
China’s Standards of English Language Ability
下载：中华人民共和国教育部网站
学习：《中国考试》2023年第2期，2022年12期
基于《中国英语能力等级量表》的难度分析
“《中国英语能力等级量表》新成果发布暨《量表》应用研讨会”，2023 年 8 月 18-20 日，北京
基于《等级量表》的BCD篇“难度等级报告图”和“能力等级报告表”
分析工具：“阅读分析指南针”，网址https://www./tester/
基于《等级量表》的四套全国卷“能力等级报告表”对比分析
分析工具：“阅读分析指南针”，网址https://www./tester/
新高考全国 I 卷 新高考全国Ⅱ卷 A B C D 平均 A B C D 平均
词汇难度 4.94 4.68 4.97 5.02 4.90 4.00 4.57 5.07 4.91 4.64
句法难度 4.00 3.98 5.08 4.97 4.51 3.96 3.77 4.89 5.38 4.50
文本难度 4.41 4.88 4.98 5.01 4.82 3.99 4.79 5.19 4.88 4.71
全国甲卷 全国乙卷 A B C D 平均 A B C D 平均
词汇难度 4.85 4.00 4.27 4.79 4.48 4.99 4.69 4.81 4.82 4.83
句法难度 4.64 4.73 4.93 4.00 4.58 3.72 4.74 4.90 4.90 4.57
文本难度 4.85 4.12 4.28 4.74 4.50 5.06 4.77 4.54 4.90 4.82
阅读理解是学习和使用英语的一项基本能力。英语科的阅读理解能力归纳为 7 项具体能力。（《基于高考评价体系的英语科考试内容改革实施路径》，陈康，2019，教育部考试中心）
序号 能力考查 具体情况 考查说明
1 理解词汇 4篇阅读文本 多个合成词、派生词、转换词
2 理解具体信息 C篇的30题 需要归纳概括具体信息
3 理解主旨要义 D篇的32题 识别或总结概括文章或段落的主旨要义
4 理解观点、态度 C篇的31题 D篇的35题 了解和分析直接的和理解隐含的观点、态度
5 理解目的 B篇的26题 理解作者直接和间接表达的目的
6 推断 D篇的34题 推断作者未明确说明的事件或活动的原因、过程、结果，推断人物或事物的特性，推断人物的情绪或语气等。
7 理解文章结构、类型 每篇都应用 运用语篇知识，辨别不同文章体裁，理解文章内部逻辑关系和作者为使行文连贯使用的各种衔接手段。
3. 能力考查：更加全面，关键能力
3. 能力考查：更加全面，关键能力
2021新高考I卷 2022新高考I卷 2023新高考I卷
阅读理解 细节理解8题 推理判断2题 词义猜测1题 主旨大意1题 标题归纳1题 写作意图1题 观点态度1题 细节理解9题 推理判断3题 词义猜测1题 主旨大意1题 文章来源1题 细节理解7题
推理判断5题
词义猜测1题
主旨大意1题
观点态度1题
阅读部分的考点仍以细节理解题和推理判断题为主（细节理解减少，推理判断增加），减少了对标题归纳、写作意图、文章来源题的考查。另外，阅读题目的设置形式不仅仅是提问式的，还有填空式的，例如D篇的第33题。
4. 词汇句法：要求提高，必备知识
※限定性从属句子（17个）：包括定语从句、状语从句和名词性从句等。最长句：40个词。
句法分析
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and come to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together. ” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
※复杂名词短语（41个）：包括由形容词、所有格、介词短语、定语从句、现在分词或过去分词等修饰的名词短语。
句法分析
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and come to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
※非限定性动词短语（11个）：包括动词不定式、现在分词、动名词短语和过去分词短语等。
句法分析
★ 结论与启示
1. 句子复杂 —— C篇限制性从属句子、复杂性短语和非限定性短语较多，达到了14、38和14个，D篇限制性从属句子和复杂性短语达到了17和41个，最长句子到达了40个词。
2. 话题抽象 —— C篇介绍了数字极简主义的要求和工作原理，教读者如何采用这种原理，倡导简单的数字生活方式；D篇陈述了“群体智慧”效应。这个两个话题学生比较陌生，难度偏大。
3. 要求较高 —— 在有限的时间里，在精神高度紧张的答题状态中，要想实现对不熟悉的词、短语、句子的深入理解，主题的把握，对大部分学生而言确有难度。
词汇情况
1. 课标词汇：主体内容，各层兼顾
2. 变化词汇：派生词汇，合成词汇
3. 超标词汇：重新认识，有别考纲
序号 课标词 语篇用词 熟词生义
A篇 1 rent ** rental bike v [名词动化] 骑自行车
2 economic** economical around adv [熟词生义] 存在着，出现
3 sustain** sustainable cover v [熟词生义] 涵盖，包括
4 strategy* strategic bike v [名词动化] 骑自行车
5 addition* additional around adv [熟词生义] 存在着，出现
6 departure** depart cover v [熟词生义] 涵盖，包括
B篇 1 fish fishery trap v [熟词生义] 吸收，留存
2 construction** construct clear adj [熟词生义] 透明的
3 system* ecosystem life n [熟词生义] 生物，活物
4 ecology** ecological treat v [熟词生义] 处理
5 organ** organism self-repair n [合成词] 自行修复
6 eco-machine n [合成词] 生态机器
7 fiberglass n [合成词] 玻璃纤维
C篇阅读理解，文本中出现课标词的合成词、派生词或转换词共13个，课标未收录词1个，declutter。
选择性必修阶段掌握的词汇（用**标识），共12个。
序号 课标词 语篇用词 选项用词
1 minimum minimalism/minimalist philosophical
theoretical
statistical
historical
clear-up
add-on
check-in
take-over
选项中出现了4个派生词，4个合成词
2 detail detailed 3 explore exploration 4 philosophy** philosophy/philosophical 5 examine examination 6 tolerate intolerable 7 option optional 8 participate** participants 9 sustain** sustainable** 10 necessary necessity 11 mind mindless 12 tool toolbox 13 life lifestyle （C篇） The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt** this philosophy** if you decide it’s right for you. To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations** of digital minimalism, starting with an examination** of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable**, 动before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy. Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive** benefits to the things you value. In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear these participants**’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps** they encountered** that you should avoid. The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable** digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure** to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances**.
D篇阅读理解，文本中出现课标词的合成词、派生词或转换词共12个，课标未收录词3个，分别是dominant，correlated，
follow-up 。
选择性必修阶段掌握的词汇（用**标识），共12个。
序号 课标词 文本用词 选项用词
1 statistic** statistician
dominant
underlying
accuracy
occasional
unclear
dismissive
doubtful
approving
选项中出现了一个超标词汇，7个派生词
2 capital capitalize 3 estimate** overestimate/estimation/ underestimate 4 technology technical 5 accurate** accuracy 6 significant significantly 7 dominate** dominant 8 share shared 9 argue argument 10 reduce reduction 11 limit** limitations 12 imply** implications On March 7, 1907, the English statistician** Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom** of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation** he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate**. This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and come to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy** of the estimate will go down. But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon**. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained** from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates Did they follow those least willing to change their minds This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant** response.动 Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations** and many questions remain, the potential** implications** for group discussion and decision-making are enormous**.
1.重新定义——新课标对超纲词汇进行了重新定义，只要新课标词汇表里面出现的词，它的派生词、合成词或转换词在命题中都被视为不超纲，词的外延被扩大了n倍，难。
2.改变认识——现在的“新课标理念”不同于“以前的考试说明”，新课标词汇表中的单词不是考纲词汇，它的派生词、合成词和转换词都不算超纲词。
3.适当扩大——选择性必修阶段应掌握的词分别占到了4%和3.8%，两篇文章还出现了4个新课标未收录的词，难度较大。
3. 超标词汇：重新认识，有别考纲
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, Iowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
28. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America
A. Loss of wetlands. B. Popularity of water sports.
C. Pollution of rivers. D. Arrival of other wild animals.
29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph
A. Acquire. B. Export. C. Destroy. D. Distribute.
30. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934
A. The stamp price has gone down. B. The migratory birds have flown away.
C. The hunters have stopped hunting. D. The government has collected money.
31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story B. The National Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
问题—解决模式(Problem—Solution)
问题—解决模式一般由四部分组成：情景(situation)、问题(problem)、反应(response)、评价／结果(evaluation／result)，它们构成线性序列关系。其中，“情景”指问题产生的背景；“问题”指情景中一个待做出反应／解决的方面；“反应”指解决问题的办法；“评价”指对问题解决有效性的评估，“结果”指事件解决结果。在模式的四要素中，“问题” “反应”属必要成分，“情景”“评价”和“结果”则属可选成分，在许多此类语篇中并不出现。另外，如果评价是否定的，一般说来作者会转而求助于其他解决方式，那么问题—解决模式在语篇中会重复出现，直到问题得到有效解决。
问题—解决模式是日常英语中极为常见的语篇模式，经常用于说明文、广告、科技文章、实验报告、新闻报道以及故事、小说等文学作品中。
When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.
28. What was a cause of the waterfowl population decline in North America
A. Loss of wetlands. B. Popularity of water sports.
C. Pollution of rivers. D. Arrival of other wild animals.
29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph
A. Acquire. B. Export. C. Destroy. D. Distribute.
情景(situation)、问题(problem)、反应(response)、评价／结果(evaluation／result)
In 1934, with the passage of the Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act (Act), an increasingly concerned nation took firm action to stop the destruction of migratory (迁徙的) waterfowl and the wetlands so vital to their survival. Under this Act, all waterfowl hunters 16 years of age and over must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a political cartoonist from Des Moines, lowa, who at that time was appointed by President Franklin Roosevelt as Director of the Bureau of Biological Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price to ensure the survival of our natural resources.
情景(situation)、问题(problem)、反应(response)、评价/结果(evaluation/result)
30. What is a direct result of the Act passed in 1934
A. The stamp price has gone down. B. The migratory birds have flown away.
C. The hunters have stopped hunting. D. The government has collected money.
About 98 cents of every duck stamp dollar goes directly into the Migratory Bird Conservation Fund to purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat for inclusion into the National Wildlife Refuge System — a fact that ensures this land will be protected and available for all generations to come. Since 1934, better than half a billion dollars has gone into that Fund to purchase more than 5 million acres of habitat. Little wonder the Federal Duck Stamp Program has been called one of the most successful conservation programs ever initiated.
情景(situation)、问题(problem)、反应(response)、评价/结果(evaluation/result)
31. Which of the following is a suitable title for the text
A. The Federal Duck Stamp Story B. The National Wildlife Refuge System
C. The Benefits of Saving Waterfowl D. The History of Migratory Bird Hunting
Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional (情感的) intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
生词标注问题
32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence
A. It can be measured by an IQ test. B. It helps to exercise a person’s mind.
C. It includes a set of emotional skills. D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.
33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2
A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept.
C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction.
34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant.
C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence
A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies.
C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives.
现象解释型
phenomenon explanation attitude
即，要自问自答三个问题：
（1） 这篇文章讲的是什么现象？
（2） 作者从哪几个方面解释了现象？
（3） 对每个解释的态度如何？（正评价还是负评价）
Popularization has in some cases changed the original meaning of emotional intelligence. Many people now misunderstand emotional intelligence as almost everything desirable in a person's makeup that cannot be measured by an IQ test, such as character, motivation, confidence, mental stability, optimism and “people skills.” Research has shown that emotional skills may contribute to some of these qualities, but most of them move far beyond skill-based emotional intelligence.
大众化在某些情况下改变了情商（情绪智力）的原始含义。许多人现在误以为情商几乎是一个人品性中不能用智商测试来衡量的值得拥有的所有东西，比如性格、动机、信心、心理稳定性、乐观主义和“人际交往技巧”。研究表明，情商技巧可能有助于这些品质的形成，但这些品质的大多数远远超出了基于技能的情商。
32. What is a common misunderstanding of emotional intelligence
A. It can be measured by an IQ test. B. It helps to exercise a person’s mind.
C. It includes a set of emotional skills. D. It refers to a person’s positive qualities.
考查的是段落中语句间的衔接
We prefer to describe emotional intelligence as a specific set of skills that can be used for either good or bad purposes. The ability to accurately understand how others are feeling may be used by a doctor to find how best to help her patients, while a cheater might use it to control potential victims. Being emotionally intelligent does not necessarily make one a moral person.
我们更倾向于将情商描述为一组特定的技能，可以用于好的或坏的目的。准确理解他人感受的能力可能会被医生用来找到最好的帮助病人的方法，而骗子可能会用它来控制潜在的受害者。情感上的聪明并不一定能使人成为有道德的人。
考查语篇中使用具体的例子阐明观点。首尾呼应的段落主题句
33. Why does the author mention “doctor” and “cheater” in paragraph 2
A. To explain a rule. B. To clarify a concept.
C. To present a fact. D. To make a prediction.
衔接上段
Although popular beliefs regarding emotional intelligence run far ahead of what research can reasonably support, the overall effects of the publicity have been more beneficial than harmful. The most positive aspect of this popularization is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) on emotion by employers, educators and others interested in promoting social well-being. The popularization of emotional intelligence has helped both the public and researchers re-evaluate the functionality of emotions and how they serve people adaptively in everyday life.
尽管关于情商的流行观点远远超出了研究所能合理支持的范围，但大众化的总体效果是利大于弊。这种普及最积极的方面是那些对促进社会福利感兴趣的雇主、教育工作者和其他人对情感有着新的和迫切需要的重视。情绪智力的普及有助于公众和研究人员重新评估情绪的功能，以及情绪如何在日常生活中适应地为人们服务。
考查语篇中作者的态度
34. What is the author’s attitude to the popularization of emotional intelligence
A. Favorable. B. Intolerant. C. Doubtful. D. Unclear.
Although the continuing popular appeal of emotional intelligence is desirable, we hope that such attention will excite a greater interest in the scientific and scholarly study of emotion. It is our hope that in coming decades, advances in science will offer new perspectives (视角) from which to study how people manage their lives. Emotional intelligence, with its focus on both head and heart, may serve to point us in the right direction.
35. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about concerning emotional intelligence
A. Its appeal to the public. B. Expectations for future studies.
C. Its practical application. D. Scientists with new perspectives.
尽管情商的持续流行是可取的，但我们希望这种关注将激发人们对情感科学和学术研究的更大兴趣。我们希望，在未来几十年里，科学的进步将为研究人们如何管理自己的生活提供新的视角。情商，若将研究重点关注于智力和情感，也许能为我们指明正确的方向。
行文逻辑：现象（大众化导致大众对情感智力的误解）——正确的解释——大众化利大于弊——利就是促进研究的深化
Human speech contains more than 2000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages.
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned(对称), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure(结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic era, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. “The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.
2022新高考I卷 阅读理解D篇
32. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damian Blasi's research focus on
A. Its variety. B. Its distribution.
C. Its quantity. D. Its development.
33. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B. They could not open and close their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A. Supporting evidence for the research results.
B. Potential application of the research findings.
C. A further explanation of the research methods.
D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.
35.What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds
A. It is key to effective communication.
B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C. It is a complex and dynamic system.
D. It drives the evolution of human beings.
Para. 1 A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related
changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now
found in half the world’s languages.
Para. 2 Now a team … led by Damián Blasi … has found how and why this trend arose.
Para. 3 They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned(对称), making it hard to produce labiodentals
Para. 4 The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture
Para. 5 These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
Para. 6 This research overturns the popular view…
概括—具体模式(general-specific)该模式又名一般—特殊模式(general-particular)、综合—例证模式(general-example)或预览—细节模式(preview-detail)。在这种类型的语篇中，开头部分为一般的陈述或总体轮廓，后面则提供具体的例证或细节描述。该模式通常由三部分组成：概括陈述，具体陈述和总结陈述。其中“总结陈述”是对语篇内容的总结，但有的篇章没有明显的总结部分。
① Human speech contains more than 2000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages.
② More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
32. Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damian Blasi's research focus on
A. Its variety. B. Its distribution.
C. Its quantity. D. Its development.
③ They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned(对称), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure(结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
他们发现古代成人的上下门牙是对称的, 使下唇与上齿接触形成唇齿音的过程变得困难。后来，我们的下巴变成了覆牙合结构, 更容易发出这样的声音。
④The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large.
33. Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals
A. They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B. They could not open and close their lips easily.
C. Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D. Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
⑤ Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic era, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A. Supporting evidence for the research results.
B. Potential application of the research findings.
C. A further explanation of the research methods.
D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.
⑥ This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. “The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.
但我们今天发现的各种语音是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物。
35.What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds
A. It is key to effective communication.
B. It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C. It is a complex and dynamic system.
D. It drives the evolution of human beings.
阅读理解题第一部分的四篇语篇阅读中，第一篇为应用文，题型基本是细节理解，可直接从原文中获取答案，难度相对简单; 其他三篇语篇类型多变，多为说明文和记叙文，题型设置上更强调归纳推理能力，无法直接从原文中获取答案，难度相对提高。从语篇类型角度而言，通过阅读理解来熟悉多种类型的语篇，有助于学生了解不同语篇的特征结构和表达方式，提高学生的阅读归纳、逻辑推理等多种阅读技巧。
说明文常见结构：
总分式（总分、分总、总分总）、递进式、对照式。
常见语篇模式：
问题—解决模式(The problem-solution pattern)，
概括—具体模式(The general-specific pattern)，
假设—真实模式(The hypothetical-real pattern)，
提问—回答模式(The question-answer pattern)，
匹配模式(The matching pattern)。
(1)问题—解决模式(Problem—Solution)
问题—解决模式一般由四部分组成：情景(situation)、问题(problem)、反应(response)、评价／结果(evaluation／result)，它们构成线性序列关系。其中，“情景”指问题产生的背景；“问题”指情景中一个待做出反应／解决的方面；“反应”指解决问题的办法；“评价”指对问题解决有效性的评估，“结果”指事件解决结果。在模式的四要素
中，“问题”“反应”属必要成分，“情景”“评价”和“结果”则属可选成分，在许多此类语篇中并不出现。另外，如果评价是否定的，一般说来作者会转而求助于其他解决方式，那么问题—解决模式在语篇中会重复出现，直到问题得到有效解决。
研究发现，问题—解决模式是日常英语中极为常见的语篇模式，经常用于说明文、广告、科技文章、实验报告、新闻报道以及故事、小说等文学作品中。
(2)概括—具体模式(general-specific)
一般—特殊模式(general-particular)
综合—例证模式(general-example)
预览—细节模式(preview-detail)。
在这种类型的语篇中，开头部分为一般的陈述或总体轮廓，后面则提供具体的例证或细节描述。该模式通常由三部分组成：概括陈述，具体陈述和总结陈述。其中“总结陈述”是对语篇内容的总结，但有的篇章没有明显的总结部分。
概括陈述
—具体陈述1
—具体陈述2
—具体陈述3
—具体陈述n
—总结陈述
概括陈述
—具体陈述
—更具体陈述1
—更具体陈述2
—更具体陈述n
—总结陈述
此模式有两种体现形式：
(3)主张—反应模式(claim-response)
假设—真实模式(hypothetical-rea1)
主张—反主张模式(claim-counterclaim)。
该模式的宏观结构一般由“情景”“主张”“反应”等三部分构成，其中“主张”和“反应”为核心或必要成分。在主张部分，作者陈述他人或自己的已经说过但没有认同其真实性的观点或情况；在反应部分，作者阐明自己的观点，即支持或反驳、肯定或否定，并阐述理由。需要指出的是，“反应”有时不一定是作者本人的看法或观点，而是作者提出另一方的反主张或者是描述真实的情况。主张—反应模式是论辩类语篇的典型模式。
(4)提问 —回答模式
提问 —回答模式(question-answer pattern)与问题 —解决模式有异曲同工之妙，但该模式一般会以一个明显的问题开头引题，接着在语篇的展开中探寻该问题的理想答案。该模式的宏观结构是“情景”“提问”“回答”与肯定或否定“评价”，但主要成分是“提问”和“回答”。情景是非必要元素(optiona1)，若对回答持肯定评价就表明语篇的终结但有时可忽略，若是否定评价(Negative Evaluation／Rejection)则要进行模式循环，直到出现令人满意的回答。
(5)匹配比较模式(matching pattern)
这种语篇模式包括两种类型：一是一致匹配关系(matching compatibility relation)，即语篇的部分内容具有共同性或相似性的细节；二是对立匹配关系(matching contrast relation)，即语篇的部分内容具有相互对立或差异的细节。语境、反义或否定词的运用等决定了匹配模式的表现形式，且这两种形式经常相互结合、共同存在。匹配模式的重要手段就是“重复”，即句法与语义结构上的对应。重复包括简单重复(simple repetition)、复杂重复(complex repetition)、省略(ellipsis)、替代(substitution)与解释(paraphrase)。此外，借助词汇释义、标识和问题回答等可识别匹配模式，该模式常与其他模式交叉运用于语篇之中。
第二节 阅读七选五
重点考查语篇中衔接与连贯
My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. 36 So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.
The place wasn’t entirely authentic, though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing (水管) worked. 37 Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, “Ouverture des portes,” in perfect French. That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it.
Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. 38 French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.
39 On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!
In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency. You can tell this by cafés life. French cafés are always crowded. 40 When do these people work The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously — so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.
My husband and I just spent a week in Paris. 36 So the first thing we did was rent a fantastically expensive sixth-floor apartment the size of a cupboard. It was so tiny that we had to leave our suitcases in the hallway.
A. Not all the customers are tourists.
B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
因果关系
The place wasn’t entirely authentic, though. Unlike a normal Parisian apartment, the plumbing (水管) worked. 37 Our building even had a tiny lift with a female voice that said, “Ouverture des portes,” in perfect French. That is the only French phrase I mastered, and it’s a shame I don’t have much use for it.
A. Not all the customers are tourists.
B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
C. There was a nice kitchen and a comfortable bed.
D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
F. Our aim was to see if we could live, in some way, like real Parisians.
G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
首句为段落主题句：说明本段
主要内容是介绍公寓设施的情况。
Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. 38 French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs.
他们吃得很好，而且从不发胖。食物是如此美味，你不需要吃太多就能使你快乐。法国草莓尝起来不像硬纸板。相反，它们会像美味小炸弹一样在你嘴里爆炸。
A. Not all the customers are tourists.
B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
G. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
Opinions and Facts
39 On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost $18!
上段they eat great food and never gain weight. The food is so delicious that you don’t need much of it to make you happy.
A. Not all the customers are tourists.
B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
E. That’s not the only reason the French eat less than we do.
语义连贯：上一段关于法国人吃的少但是不胖的话题，E选项引起下文，给出了法国人吃的少的另一个原因‘物价贵”。
In France, quality of life is much more important than efficiency. You can tell this by cafés life. French cafés are always crowded. 40 When do these people work The French take their 35-hour workweek seriously — so seriously that some labor unions recently struck a deal with a group of companies limiting the number of hours that independent contractors can be on call.
法国咖啡馆总是很拥挤。并不是所有的顾客都是游客。这些人（法国当地人）什么时候工作？
A. Not all the customers are tourists.
B. The quality of life in France is equally excellent.
D. The amazing food is mainly consumed by local farmers.
“七选五”，检测学生对于语篇全文和语段上下文大体含义的理解能力和对文章逻辑结构的分析能力，考察的同样是学生的语篇理解能力和逻辑思维能力，还可能涉及一些生活常识或文化常识。
七选五要从文章及段落的结构、设空的位置入手，以词汇关联和逻辑关联两大线索进行解题，要加强讲练结合，通过训练来强化学生的解题思维，通过讲评来了解学生的知识漏洞及解题方法的欠缺。
了解语篇的内在结构——微观和宏观的组织方式。句子之间的衔接和连贯关系，句子的信息展开方式等，属于语篇的微观结构；语篇类型、语篇格式、语篇中段与段的关系，语篇各部分与语篇主体之间的关系等，属于语篇的宏观结构。
七选五备考策略
Eating out as a cook allows you to taste surprising ingredients in dishes. ___18___ Unusual flavors excite you and unique interpretations of dishes have you asking the waiter exactly what was added to make the food so flavorful. That might not excite your non-cook friends and family, but for you, it’s a great way to learn and improve. ___19___.
A. Going out to eat becomes a whole other experience.
B. It is also likely to potentially inspire you to try to cook the meals in your own kitchen.
阅读七选五通常是说明文，建议从语篇结构、语篇内容、语篇逻辑结构三个维度入手解题。
借用文本结构图、思维导图等帮助学生理清文本结构，分析语篇组织结构所隐含的逻辑关系，分析段落之间、句际之间的逻辑关系和衔接方式，匹配的关键词。留意代词it、人称代词变化及相似句式，以增强解题的针对性和有效性。
解题三步曲
看位置
定方向
段落小标题—形式统一，主题句
段首—主题句/启下
段中—承上/启下/承上启下
段尾—总结/承上/承上启下
找词汇
锁选项
原词/同词复现
代词指代
思逻辑
核答案
并列递进
转折对比
顺序因果
解释例证
语义场
第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.
Some of our 41 are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little. Once, we 42 along Chalk Creek. I was 43 that our 15-month-old boy would fall into the creek（小溪）. I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot. That lasted about ten minutes. He was 44 , and his crying let the whole campground know it. So 45 tying him up, I just kept a close eye on him. It 46 — he didn't end up in the creek. My three-year-old, however, did.
41. A. ideas B. jokes C. memories D. discoveries
42. A. camped B. drove C. walked D. cycled
43. A. annoyed B. surprised C. disappointed D. worried
44. A. unhurt B. unfortunate C. uncomfortable D. unafraid
45. A. due to B. instead of C. apart from D. as for
46. A. worked B. happened C. mattered D. changed
Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we 47 , but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly 48 our peaceful morning trip. The 49 picked up and thunder rolled. My husband stopped fishing to 50 the motor. Nothing. He tried again. No 51 . We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor. As we all sat there 52 , a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed（拖）us back. We were 53 .
Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage, we are filled with a sense of 54 , wondering what camping fun and 55 we will experience next.
47. A. signed up B. calmed down C. checked out D. headed off
48. A. arranged B. interrupted C. completed D. recorded
49. A. wind B. noise C. temperature D. speed
50. A. find B. hide C. start D. fix
51. A. luck B. answer C. wonder D. signal
52. A. patiently B. tirelessly C. doubtfully D. helplessly
53. A. sorry B. brave C. safe D. right
54. A. relief B. duty C. pride D. excitement
55. A. failure B. adventure C. performance D. conflict
完形填空考什么？
1、考查考生是否能在掌握文章主旨大意和正确理解句与句、段与段之间的内在联系的基础上，准确运用动词、名词、形容词、副词、介词等的能力；
2、考查词汇在篇章的不可替代性（唯一性）。
课标：语篇中各要素之间存在复杂的关系，如句与句、段与段、标题与正文、文字与图表之间的关系。这些关系涉及语篇的微观和宏观组织结构。句子内部的语法结构、词语搭配、指代关系、句子的信息展开方式等，属于语篇的微观组织结构。语篇中段与段的关系以及语篇各部分与语篇主题之间的关系，则属于语篇的宏观组织结构。
完形填空从不同层面考查语篇内的信息关联
句内层面：43，44，46，47，48
句际层面：45，49，50，51，52，53
段际层面：42
篇章层面：41，54，55
第二节（共10小题; 每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”. 56 is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we
57 (human) are.
The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will 58 (undoubted) help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the ____59____ (hot) the spring! Strange, isn’t it But that’s how nature is — always leaving us ____60____(astonish).
What comes next is the endless series of steps. You can’t help wondering how hard it ____61____ (be) for the people then to put all those rocks into place. Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure ____62____offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ____63____ (ache) legs.
As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitor’s memory. It sure does in ____64____(I).While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is ____65____ must to visit!
56. What 57. humans 58. undoubtedly 59. hotter 60. astonished
61. was 62. and 63. aching 64. mine 65. a
考查使用正确的语法形式表达语篇的主题意义
The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park(GPNP). 56 (cover) an area about three times 57 size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. The plan will extend protection to a significant number of areas that 58 (be) previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing protected areas for giant pandas under one authority 59 (increase) effectiveness and reduce inconsistencies in management.
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year. The GPNP 60 (design) to reflect the guiding principle of "protecting the authenticity and integrity (完整性) of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones, 61 leaving behind precious natural assets(资产) for future generations". The GPNP's main goal is to improve connectivity between separate 62 (population) and homes of giant pandas, and 63 (eventual) achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
Giant pandas also serve 64 an umbrella species(物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species 65 live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
56. Covering 57. the 58. were 59. to increase 60. is designed
61. and 62. populations 63. eventually 64. as 65. that
长难句
题号 考点
56 非谓语动词
57 冠词
58 时态与主谓一致
59 非谓语动词
60 时态、语态与主谓一致
61 连词
62 名词复数
63 形容词副词转换
64 介词
65 定语从句关系词
应用文——考查基于主题创设语篇的能力
2023 年全国甲卷
(适用地区：四川、广西、贵州、西藏）
学校举办以英语用讲中国故事为主题的征文活动， 请以一位中国历史人物为题写一篇短文投稿， 内容包括：
1.人物事迹；
2.意义：
3.启示。
2023 年全国乙卷
(适用地区：内蒙古、陕西、甘肃、青海、宁夏、新疆、江西、河南）
以向学校英文报投稿的方式，用英语描述在暑假所学到的一项新技能的经历及从中获得的体验和感受。
全国甲、乙卷的应用文体裁都是短文投稿类，利于学生写作空间的延展，不注重固定的写作格式，更重视内容的搭建和要点衔接。
2023 年新课标 I 卷
(适用地区：山东、广东、湖南、湖北、河北、江苏、福建、浙江）
假定你是李华， 你校外教 Ryan 准备将学生随机分为两人一组， 让大家课后练习口语，你认为此分组办法存在问题，请给外教写一封邮件， 内容包括：
1.说明问题：
2.提出建议。
2023年新高考 I 卷和北京卷都以建议信为主要写作载体，符合新课标“能用英语做事情”的要求，贴近学习与社会生活。
2023 年北京卷
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友 Jim 正在策划一次以“绿色北京”为主题的社团活动，他 发来邮件询问你的建议。请你用英文给他回复，内容包括：
1.
同课章节目录