北师版（2019）必修第一册UNIT 2 Sports and Fitness　TOPIC TALK & LESSON 1课件(共81张PPT)

(共81张PPT)
UNIT 2
Section A　TOPIC TALK & LESSON 1
Part 1　Reading comprehension
Part 2　Language points
目录索引
Part 3　Grammar
素养导航·明目标
语言 能力 必背 单词 prefer　　　balanced　　desire　　　crowd　　　　defence
remind case occupy disappointment particular
benefit equipment prevent relief satisfaction
sight response
重点 短语 rather than　　　　　try out for sth　　　　let sb down
pay off keep up with sign up
cheer up be fed up with make sure
in case take advantage of in good/bad shape
crash into gather around not...any more
be capable of in particular
语言 能力 核心语法 1.定语从句　2.不定代词
主题写作 如何写真实故事
文化 意识 理解各类运动及体育精神对于我们生活的深远影响 积极参与体育运动,丰富生活,强健体魄,增强凝聚力 激发拼搏精神,引导学生进行反思,形成顽强、正直的优良品格
思维 品质 在听力和阅读后,锻炼信息提取、分析、概括的能力 深入理解不断拼搏进取、公平竞争等体育精神 进行自我反思,形成积极乐观的生活态度 对于有争议的问题,鼓励学生独立思考,增强学生批判性思维品质
学习 能力 掌握并运用与体育健康相关的词汇和表达
了解故事的结构和语言特点
运用语法结构丰富语言
听懂、获取并整理与体育运动相关的信息及观点
学习各类情绪的表达方式并加以运用
通过分析故事记叙文要素,学习如何撰写个人故事
Part 1　Reading comprehension
第一步速读课文 理清脉络
Activity 1　Read for the main idea.
What is the main idea of the passage
A.A great athlete won’t let anybody down.
B.The shorter a player is,the better he plays.
C.How Paul earned his place on the team by practising hard.
D.An unexpected basketball game.
C
Activity 2　Skim for the main structure.
basketball
players
replacement　
game/competition
chance
his place
第二步精读课文 领悟细节
Activity 3　Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1.Why did Paul have to try out many times
A.Because he was not tall.
B.Because he wanted to make the team.
C.Because he wanted to be a replacement.
D.Because he had many chances to play for the team.
B
2.What does Paul think he needs for his being shorter as a player
A.Favourite championships.
B.Long-hour jumps.
C.More practice.
D.Independent shots.
3.What’s the coach’s attitude to Paul
A.Confident.　　　 B.Doubtful.
C.Positive. D.Supportive.
C
B
4.What does the sentence “all the extra hours that he’d spent practising alone paid off” mean
A.He liked to practise alone.
B.He was independent in practising.
C.He had money to pay off his training.
D.He got rewarded after practising more.
D
Activity 4　思考分享 提升思维
1.What do you think contributed to Paul’s success
2.Are you a sports fan Which player do you admire
略
略
Activity 5　诵读佳句 学练写作
Read the passage carefully and find the sentences describing Paul on the court.
Paul jumped up and rushed onto the court.And clearly,all the extra hours that he’d spent practising alone paid off.The other team just couldn’t keep up with his energy and speed.He made shot after shot,and the crowd couldn’t stop clapping and cheering.
第三步深读课文 融会提能
Activity 6　课文语篇填空
Paul and I were on our school basketball team and we were both big fans of 1.　　　　 NBA.Paul liked Tyrone Bogues,who is the 2. 　 　　(short) basketball player for the Charlotte Hornets and is an 3.　　　　　(inspire) for Paul because Paul was only 1.6 metres tall,too,which meant he had to practise more.4.　　　　　　(take) Bogues as his model,Paul would try out many times just for making the team.5.　　　　　　(fortunate),our coach didn’t think that Paul could play well,so it was tough for Paul,even though all of us knew Paul had real 6. 　　　　　　(skill).Though being a replacement all the time,Paul didn’t lose heart and continued to practise much more.
the
shortest
inspiration
Taking　
Unfortunately
skills
This week we competed with The Bears,7.　　　　 record this season had been perfect.Suddenly I 8.　　　　　(crash) into a player and my knee hurt badly.The Bears was ahead of us by 10 points.I told the coach that I couldn’t play anymore and recommended that Paul 9.　　 　　 　(replace) me.Finally,the coach gave him a chance and told him not 10.　　　　　　(let) us down.Paul made shot after shot and his hard work paid off.Our team won by two points at last.
whose
crashed
(should) replace
to let
Activity 7　长难句分析
1.When we weren’t playing on the court which was next to our building,we were watching a game on TV.
[句式分析]
when引导时间状语从句 which引导定语从句
When we weren’t playing on the court which was next to our building,we were watching a game on TV.
[尝试翻译]
当我们不在我们教学楼旁边的球场上打球时,我们就在电视上看一场比赛。
2.Paul’s favourite player was Tyrone Bogues,a guy who played for the Charlotte Hornets,although we actually agree that they are both champions.
[句式分析] who引导定语从句
Paul’s favourite player was Tyrone Bogues,a guy who played for the Charlotte Hornets,although we actually agree that they are both champions.
although引导让步状语从句　　that引导宾语从句
[尝试翻译]
保罗最喜欢的球员是泰隆·博格斯,他曾效力于夏洛特黄蜂队,尽管我们实际上同意他们都是冠军。
Part 2　Language points
基础落实 必备知识全过关
Ⅰ.重点单词
必记写作词汇
1.　　　　　　　 vi.& n.慢跑
2.　　　　 n.跑道
3.　　　　 n.日常饮食
4.　　　　　 vt.(在比赛、战争中)战胜,打败
5.　　　　　 n.公司;一群人
jog　
track　
diet　
defeat　
company
识记阅读词汇
6.badminton n.　　　　　　　
7.golf n. 　　　　　　　
8.gather vi.& vt.　　　　　　　
9.energy n. 　　　　　　　
10.earn vt. 　　　　　　　
羽毛球　
高尔夫　
聚集,聚合　
力量,活力
赢得;挣得
串记拓展词汇
11.　　　　　　 n.运动员→　　　　　　 adj.精力充沛的,运动的
12.　　　　　　　 n.发生的频率,发生率→　　　　　　　 adj.频繁的,经常的→　　　　　　 adv.频繁地,经常地
13.　　　　　 vt.更喜欢→　　　　　　 n.偏好
14.　　　　　 adj.均衡的→　　　　　　 n.& vt.平衡→　　　　　　 n.不平衡; 不安定
athlete
athletic　
frequency
frequent
frequently
prefer
preference
balanced
balance
unbalance
15.　　　　　　　 adv.经常;定期地→　　　　　　 adj.经常的;定期的
16.　　　　　　 n.激励,鼓舞;给人以灵感的人/物;灵感→　　　　　　 vt.鼓舞;激发→　　　　　　 adj.令人振奋的;激励人的;鼓舞人的
17.　　　　　　 n.渴望→　　　　　　 adj.令人满意的;有吸引力的
→　　　　　 adv.令人向往地;合意地
regularly
regular　
inspiration
inspire
inspiring
desire
desirable
desirably
【掌握构词规律　快速记牢单词】
动词加-ment变为名词:
replace→replacement　 argue→argument
develop→development equip→equipment
establish→establishment employ→employment
govern→government improve→improvement
judge→judgment
Ⅱ.重点短语
1.rather than 　　 　　　　　　　　
2.in good/bad shape 　　　　　　　
3.get hurt 　　　　　　　
4.on one’s own 　　　　　　　
5.try out for sth 　　　　　　　
6.猛撞,猛击 　　　　　　　
7.使失望,辜负(别人的信任或期望) 　　　　　　　
8.取得成功;奏效 　　　　　　　
9.跟上,保持同步 　　　　　　　
10.拍打某人肩膀 　　　　　　　
而不是　
健康状况良好/不佳　
受伤　
独立;独自　
参加……的选拔　
crash into　
let sb down
pay off　
keep up with　
hit sb on the shoulder
要点探究 能力素养全提升
基础词汇——语境记忆
1.diet n.日常饮食
【佳句背诵】Too rich a diet is not good for you.[身体健康]
日常吃太多油腻的食物对你的身体不好。
2.defeat vt.(在比赛中、战争中)战胜,打败
【佳句背诵】He was soundly defeated at chess.[活动介绍]
他在国际象棋比赛中一败涂地。
高频词汇——讲练互动
1.prefer vt.更喜欢
(1)prefer (doing) sth 更喜欢(做)某事
prefer (sb) to do sth 宁愿(某人)做某事
prefer (doing) A to (doing) B 宁愿(做)A而不愿(做)B
prefer to do A rather than do B 宁愿做A而不愿做B
prefer that...(should) do sth宁愿……做某事
(2)preference n.喜爱;偏爱
have a preference for 偏爱
give preference to 给……以优惠、优待
in preference to 优先于……
(3)preferable adj.更可取的,更好的,更合意的
【佳句背诵】He preferred to return to his hometown after graduation rather than stay in a big city.[职业规划]
毕业后他宁愿返回家乡也不愿待在大城市里。
【温馨提示】prefer意为“更喜欢;较喜欢”,相当于like better/more,所以prefer一般不与比较级连用。prefer过去式、过去分词为preferred,动词-ing形式为preferring。
【即学即练】单句填空/单句写作
①She chose to learn the violin in preference 　　　　　the piano.
②I would prefer playing outdoors to 　　　　　(watch) TV.
③She has a preference 　　　　　blue,while I like red better.
④He prefers 　　　　　(go)to the movies rather than stay at home.
⑤待在家里当然比和你不喜欢的人出去要好。
Staying at home 　　　　　　certainly _________ _________ _________ _________with someone you don’t like.
to
watching
for
to go
is
preferable to going
out
⑥我觉得有关那件事我们最好收集更多信息。
I _________ _________ we _________ _________ more information on that issue.
⑦在考虑这份工作的人选时,我们优先考虑那些有一定经验的人。
In considering people for the job,we _________ _________ _________ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　those with some experience.
prefer that
should gather　
give preference to
2.rather than 而不是
【佳句背诵】If you are one of them,I would say the only way to change things is by doing rather than complaining.[提供建议]
如果你是他们中的一员,我想说改变事情的唯一方式是做,而不是抱怨。
【温馨提示】(1)rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词应与rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。
(2)rather than后接不定式时,不定式可以带to,也可以不带to,但rather than位于句首时,则只能接不带to的不定式。
【即学即练】单句填空/单句写作
①Linda,rather than you,　　　　　(be)to blame for not finishing the work on time.
②She preferred 　　　　　　　(stay)at home rather than 　　　　(go) shopping with him.
③We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our differences unite,rather than
　　　　　(divide) us.
is　
to stay
go
divide　
④很快,她学会了欣赏生活而不是刻薄地判断每一件事情。
Very quickly,she learned to appreciate life_______ _______ _______ _______
everything so harshly.
⑤与其乘汽车出行,我宁可走路。
_________ _________ _________ _________ _________,I’d prefer to walk.
rather than to judge
Rather than travel by car
3.balanced adj.均衡的
balance n.平衡;天平　vt.权衡;(使)平衡
balance...against... 权衡……与……
on balance 总的来说
lose one’s balance 失去平衡
keep one’s balance 某人保持平衡
keep the balance of... 保持……的平衡
【佳句背诵】You’d better keep a balanced diet for the benefit of your health.[身体健康]
为了有益于身体健康你最好均衡饮食。
【即学即练】单句填空/单句写作
①Jane lost her balance 　　　　　the slippery ground surface and fell over.
②　　　　　　 balance,we have a good chance of winning the race.
③The organization is planning for a 　　　　　(balance) budget.
④It is important to keep the balance 　　　　　the development of economy and the protection of the environment.
⑤保持生态平衡对我们来说很重要。
It is important for us_______ _______ _______ _______ ________nature.
on
On
balanced
of
to keep the balance of
⑥总的来说,公司这一年是成功的。
_________ _________,the company has had a successful year.
⑦当这个男孩追赶他弟弟的时候,他失去了平衡,狠狠地摔了一跤。
When he was running after his brother,the boy _______ ________ ________ and had a bad fall.
⑧你得权衡一下住在乡下的好处和坏处。
You have to _________ _________ _________ _________ _________ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　in the countryside against the disadvantages.
On balance　
lost his balance
balance the advantages of living
4.try out for sth 参加……选拔
try out 试用,试验
try for 试图获得或赢得某物
try sth on 试穿衣物
try one’s best to do 尽力做
try one’s luck 试试运气
【佳句背诵】Having trained for half a year,John tried out for the swimming team.[个人经历]
训练半年后,约翰参加了游泳队的选拔。
【即学即练】单句填空/单句写作
①Alison’s trying 　　　　　　a job as a research assistant.
②We should try our best 　　　　　　　(attend) to our parents,and make them happy in their later years.
③The clothes designer chose several models to try 　　　　　　his newly designed clothes.
④老师鼓励我争取进入牛津大学。
My teacher encouraged me to _______ _______ a place at Oxford University.
for
to attend　
on
try for　
⑤买衣服之前先试穿一下,确认是否合适,这是一个好主意。
It’s a good idea to _________ _________clothes before you buy them to make sure they fit.
⑥我已决定试着在电台找个事儿做,然后争取做体育节目的播音员。
I have decided to _________ _________ _________ _________ in radio,and then work my way up to a sports announcer.
try on
try for a job
5.desire n.渴望
(1)a desire for sth 渴望得到某物
have a desire to do/that... 有……的欲望/愿望
(2)desire v.想要
desire to do sth 渴望做某事
desire sb to do sth 想让某人做某事
desire that sb (should+) do 希望/要求某人做……
【佳句背诵】Greatness comes from a lasting desire to explore.[社会生活]
伟大来自持久的探索欲望。
Knowing that a Chinese painting exhibition will be held by the local gallery,I’m writing to express my desire to be a volunteer.[活动申请]
得知当地美术馆将举办一场国画展,我写信表达我想成为一名志愿者的愿望。
【即学即练】单句填空/一句多译
①He desires me 　　　　　(go) abroad for further education.
=He desires that I 　　　　　　　(go) abroad for further education.
②The fans of the famous film star desired that they 　　 　　　(watch) his next movie soon.
每个人都渴望成功,但成功只属于努力的人。
→③Everyone 　　　　　　　　　　　　success while success only belongs to hard-working people.(desire n.)
→④Everyone 　　　　　　　　　　　while success only belongs to hard-working people.(desire v.)
to go
(should) go　
(should) watch
has a desire for
desires to succeed
6.let sb down 使失望,辜负(别人的信任或期望)
let alone 更不用说
let go (of) 放开,松手
let off 宽恕,免除
let out 放掉,发出
let in 允许某物进入,通过
【佳句背诵】The football team let me down again because they couldn’t get the ticket to the next World Cup.[体育活动]
这支足球队又让我失望了,因为他们没能取得下届世界杯的入场券。
【即学即练】单句填空/单句写作
①When she saw him,she let 　　　　　　a cry of horror.
②He was let 　　　　　without punishment;we won’t let him 　　　　so easily next time.
③The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance,letting 　　　　　　the natural light during the day.
④不要放开我的手,不然我们会走散的。
Don’t _________ _________ _________my hand or we’ll get separated.
out　
off off
in
let go of
⑤老板告诉我们不要把这个计划泄露给新闻界。
The boss told us not to _________ _________ the plan to the press.
⑥我们连死都不怕,何况困难。
We fear no death, _________ _________difficulties.
let out
let alone
7.pay off 取得成功;奏效
pay back 偿还,归还;报答;回报;报复
pay for 付……的钱,受……的报应
pay up (把应支付的钱)缴清,付清
【佳句背诵】I also hope that the great effort I am making will pay off.[个人愿望]
我也希望我巨大的努力能得到回报。
【即学即练】单句填空/单句写作
①It would take him the rest of his life to pay 　　　　　　that loan.
②It’s 50 dollars.I have paid 　　　　　　.
③能够回报人们给我的帮助让我感到很开心。
That I can _______ _______the help people give me makes me very happy.
④你现在不好好学习,到考试不及格时就会为此付出代价。
If you don’t study hard now,you’ll_________ _________ _________ later when you fail your exams.
off
up
pay back
pay for it
8.keep up with 跟上,保持同步
keep at sth 坚持某事
keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人做某事
keep back 忍住,隐瞒;抑制
keep off 避开,防止,挡住
keep out of 使不进入……
keep up 保持,继续
keep to 不偏离,不离开,遵守(计划、时刻表等)
【佳句背诵】The modern world has been developing very fast.Every country must keep up with the time.[社会生活]
现代世界一直在飞快地发展。每个国家都必须与时俱进。
【即学即练】单句填空/单句写作
①We can keep 　　　　with other companies if we keep 　　　　the plan.
②Facing difficulties,they are not discouraged but keep their spirits 　　　.
③If you conform to school rules you will keep 　　　　　　of trouble.
④The doctor thought the girl’s illness should be kept 　　　　　　from her because it was cancer.
⑤The local police had warned visitors to keep 　　　　the beach at night.
up
to
up
out　
back
off　
⑥他坚持把工作完成。
He _________ _________ _________ _________ until it was finished.
⑦下雨使我们没法出去。
The rain_________ _________ _________ _________ _________.
⑧她忍不住哭了。
She couldn’t _________ _________ _________ _________.
kept at the job　
kept us from going out　
keep back her tears
9.crowd n.人群
(1)a crowd of 一群,一伙
(2)crowd v.挤满;涌入
crowd in on sb=crowd upon one’s mind 涌上某人心头
crowd into (想法、问题等)涌入脑海,挤进
crowd...out 把……挤出,排挤
(3)crowded adj.拥挤的
be crowded with... 挤满了……
【佳句背诵】He pushed his way to the front of the crowd to get a better look.[个人经历]
他挤到人群的前面以便看得更清楚。
【温馨提示】crowd作主语时,其谓语动词可用单数,也可用复数。强调集体时用单数,强调个人时用复数。在现代英语特别是美式英语中,其谓语动词通常用单数。
【即学即练】单句填空/单句写作
①I was nearly pushed over by a crowd 　　　　　children.
②Too many uncomfortable thoughts were crowding 　　　　　on her.
③Shops were crowded 　　　　　customers looking over the colourful displays.
④He tried to squeeze himself onto the 　　　　　(crowd) bus.
⑤邻居们涌进他们的家里为他们祝福。
The neighbours _________ _________ their home to wish them well.
of
in
with
crowded
crowded into
⑥她在拥挤的列车上不小心踩到了他的脚。
She by chance stepped on his foot ________ ________ ________ ________.
⑦她的房子里挤满了快乐的人,他们随着欢快的音乐唱歌。
Her house _________ _________ _________ happy people who were singing songs to lively music.
on the crowded train　
was crowded with
多义词汇——自主练透
Ⅰ.一词多义
1.regularly
A.adv.经常　B.adv.定期地
①We meet regularly,once a month.　　
②I go there quite regularly.　　
2.inspiration
A.n.激励,鼓舞　B.n.给人以灵感的人/物;灵感
①This woman is an inspiration to all of us.　　
②I sat down to write my essay,but found I was completely without inspiration.　　
B
A
A
B
Ⅱ.教材熟词生义
1.company
项目 意义 例句
熟义 n.　　　　　 After graduation,Jeff began to open his own company.
生义 n.　　　　　　 David felt nervous in the company of such an important woman.
n.　　　　　　　　 Mother said that we were expecting company next week.
公司
陪伴
来宾,客人,一伙人
2.pack
项目 意义 例句
熟义 v.　　　　　　　　　　 I began to pack a few things for the trip.
n.　　　　　　　　　　 The tramp carried his belongings in a pack on his back.
生义 n.　　　　　　　　　　 What you should know is that wolves often hunt in packs.
v.　　　　　　　　　　 Last weekend I bought a book that is packed with useful information.
把……包起来
包,包裹
(野兽的)一群,一堆　
充满,挤满
3.sharply
项目 意义 例句
熟义 adv.　　　　　　　　　　 “Why haven’t you finished your task ”the teacher asked Tony sharply.
生义 adv.　　　　　　　　　　 The bus turned sharply to the left.
adv.　　　　　　　　　　 The cost of materials rose sharply last year.Accordingly,we were forced to increase our prices.
严厉地,毫不客气地
突然地;猛烈地　
急剧地
重点句式——多维剖析
1.-ing形式作主语
【教材原句】Paul knew that being shorter than other players meant that he had to practise more.
保罗知道自己比其他球员矮意味着他需要多加练习。
(1)动词-ing形式直接位于句首作主语。
(2)用 it 作形式主语,把动词-ing形式(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。动词-ing形式作主语时,不太常用 it 作先行主语,多见于某些形容词及名词之后。常见的能用于这种结构的词(组)有:fun,hopeless,no good,no use,pleasant,a waste of time,no point,useless,worthwhile等。
【佳句背诵】Going to bed early is considered to be a good habit.[身体健康]
早上床睡觉被认为是一种好习惯。
【即学即练】单句填空/单句写作
①It is no use 　　　　　(tell) him not to worry when the things are so serious.
②It was a waste of time 　　　　　(read) that book at this good time.
③It is fun 　　　　　(play) with children while you are free at home.
④There’s no point 　　　　　　(try) to persuade him.
⑤他的到来将对我们大有帮助。
_________ _________ will be of great help to us.
telling
reading
playing
trying
His coming　
⑥覆水难收。
_________ _________ _________ _________ crying over spilt milk.
⑦劝说这样的人加入我们真是浪费时间。
　　　　 　　　　　　a waste of time 　 　　　　such a person to
join us.
It is no use/good
It is
persuading
2.否定前置
【教材原句】I don’t think I can play anymore,coach...
教练,我认为我不能再打了……
(1)当主句谓语动词是think,believe,feel,guess,expect,suppose,imagine等表示“观点、信念、推测、臆测”等心理活动的词时,常常使用这种结构。
(2)这种结构的附加疑问句中主语和谓语动词必须与宾语从句中的主语和谓语动词保持一致。
【佳句背诵】I don’t think you’ll be able to understand that even when you are at my age.[观点看法]
即使你到了我的年龄,我认为你也不能理解这件事。
【温馨提示】(1)当主语为第一人称I,we时,通常反问的是从句;而当主语不是第一人称时,则反问的是主句。
(2)若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。
【即学即练】单句填空/单句写作
①I don’t think you 　　　　　　　ever 　　　　　　(hear) her talking about her emotional life before.
②He promised to pay off the debts on time,but I don’t believe he
　　　　　　(keep) his promise,will he
③我认为他游泳游得不好,对吗
I don’t think he is a good swimmer, _________ _________
have heard　
will keep
is he
④我认为你在全球变暖的问题上是不对的。
_________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________
at this problem of the global warming.
⑤我想你不会愿意经受那段困难的时期。
_______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ _______
that difficult time.
⑥我想无论我说什么或做什么都无法让你相信我没有撒谎。
_________ _________ _________ _________ _________I could say or do that would convince you that I’m not lying.
I don’t think you are right
I don’t think you want to go through
I don’t suppose there’s anything
Part 3　Grammar
语法冲关 语言规则全理清
定语从句
一、定语从句的定义
在复合句中,修饰名词、代词或整个句子的从句叫作定语从句。定语从句可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
二、定语从句的分类
1.限制性定语从句
它是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语,如果去掉,主句的意思就会不完整或失去意义。这种从句与主句的关系十分密切,书写时不可用逗号分开。如果关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语,关系代词通常可以省略。
The time when I first met Mr White was a very difficult period of my life.
我第一次遇见怀特先生时是我生命中一段非常艰难的时期。
2.非限制性定语从句
它只是对先行词作附加补充说明,如果去掉,主句的意思仍然清楚完整。这种从句与主句的关系不是很密切,书写时往往用逗号分开。非限制性定语从句一般不用that引导。
The old woman,who lives on her own,has a cat for company.
这位老妇人一个人住,养了一只猫陪伴她。
三、定语从句的引导词
关系词分为关系代词和关系副词,关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语。关系词的选择可从两个方面入手:一是关系词在从句中所作的成分;二是先行词所指。关系词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语时,用关系代词;关系词在从句中作状语时,用关系副词。先行词指人时,关系代词用who,whom,that,whose;先行词指物时,关系代词用which,that,whose。
关系词 在从句中充当的成分 先行词
关系代词 who 主语、宾语、表语 人
whom 宾语 人
which 主语、宾语、表语 物
that 主语、宾语、表语 人或物
whose 定语 人或物
as 主语、宾语 人或物
关系副词 when 状语 时间
where 状语 地点
why 状语 原因
四、定语从句的关系代词的用法
1.who,whom,whose引导的定语从句
(1)who或whom均可指代人,但who在从句中作主语或宾语,whom在从句中作宾语;两者在引导限制性定语从句时常可用that替换。作主语时,who/that不可省略;作宾语时,whom/who/that可以省略。
I have many friends to whom I’m going to send post cards.
我有很多朋友,我打算给他们寄明信片。
(2)whose表所属关系,一般指人,也可指物,在从句中作定语。指物时相当于of which;指人时相当于of whom。
My eldest son,whose work takes him all over the world,is in New York at the moment.
我的大儿子现在在纽约,他的工作使他走遍了世界各地。
2.that,which引导的定语从句
(1)which指物,在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语,作宾语时可以省略。that指人或物均可,在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语,作宾语时可以省略。
She showed the visitors around the museum that/which had been constructed three years before.
她带着这些游客参观了那座三年前建造的博物馆。
(2)限制性定语从句中,关系代词只用that 不用which的情况:
①先行词为不定代词anything,nothing,everything,all,some,none,little,few等时。
I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’s fault.
我拒绝接受因别人的错误而对我进行的指责。
②先行词是形容词最高级或序数词,或先行词前有形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。
The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill.
他们在桂林参观的第一个地方是象鼻山。
③先行词被the only,the very,the last,the first等修饰时。
The only part of the meal that I really liked was the dessert.
这顿饭只有甜点是我真正爱吃的。
④先行词中既有表示人又有表示物的名词时。
They will never forget the things and persons that they’ve seen or heard of during their long journey.
他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。
(3)关系词只用which而不用that的情况:
①关系词引导非限制性定语从句时。
The boy was away from home for a week,which worried his parents very much.
这个男孩离家一个星期了,这使他父母很担心。
②当从句中的介词提前,构成“介词+关系代词”结构时。
We live in an age in which information is available with greater ease than ever before.
我们生活在一个信息比以前更容易获得的时代。
3.as引导的定语从句
(1)as可以引导限制性定语从句,常用于“so/such/the same+先行词+as...”结构中。
Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.
像在我们车间使用的机器是中国制造的。
【温馨提示】which引导定语从句代指前面整句话内容时只能位于主句
之后。
He kept lying to me,which annoyed me greatly.
他总是对我说谎,这事使我很恼火。
(2)as也可以引导非限制性定语从句,定语从句说明整个句子,可放在主句之前、之中或之后。
常用的这种类似插入语的句式有as the saying goes,as is said above,as is mentioned above,as often happens,as is often the case,as is reported in the newspaper等。
“You can’t judge a book by its cover,” as the old saying goes.
正如老话所说的那样:“人不可貌相。”
【即学即练】单句填空
①The government 　　　　　promises to cut taxes will be popular.
②He always remembered the day 　　 his father returned from America.
③There were a few passengers,　　　　　 escaped without serious injury.
④I called him by the wrong name,for 　　　　　　mistake I should apologise.
⑤This is the building 　　　　　　　windows were all painted green.
that/which
on which/when/不填
who
which
whose
本 课 结 束