北师版（2019）必修第一册UNIT 3 Celebrations　TOPIC TALK & LESSON 1课件(共76张PPT)

(共76张PPT)
UNIT 3
Section A　TOPIC TALK & LESSON 1
Part 1　Reading comprehension
Part 2　Language points
目录索引
Part 3　Grammar
素养导航·明目标
语言 能力 必背 单词 occasion　　congratulation　　account　　attach　　surround
patience behaviour whisper effort represent
description select ignorant
重点 短语 let off　　　put up　　　 sweep away　　　scare sb/sth away
as far as in general upside down move in
catch sb’s eye pass away make an effort calm down
over and over
语言 能力 核心语法 1.被动语态
2.动词短语
主题写作 如何描述事件
文化 意识 了解英语交际中如何表达与春节相关的话题 了解我国春节不同地方的习俗以及外国人是如何看待中国春节的 了解英美文化习俗
思维 品质 了解中国文化与西方文化的差异或相似点 拓宽眼界和知识面,进一步树立准确的语言学习观 热爱中华传统文化,积极对外传播我国悠久的文化历史
学习 能力 正确使用地道的英语表达节日庆祝或特殊场合用语
正确理解并运用被动语态
用英语表达自己的春节以及自己喜欢的过春节的方式
能用得体的英语介绍某个节日或特殊场合
Part 1　Reading comprehension
第一步速读课文 理清脉络
Activity 1　Read for the main idea.
What’s the main idea of the text
Three readers shared their experiences and views about Chinese Spring Festival.
Activity 2　Skim for the main structure.
preparations
sweep away
scare away
choose gifts
parents　
her family　
homecoming　
shouting and playing
Jiaozi
第二步精读课文 领悟细节
Activity 3　Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1.Where did Tom Jenkins live
A.In Heilongjiang.　　　 B.In Shanghai.
C.In Beijing. D.In Nanjing.
2.Why is the character Fu attached upside down
A.Because it looks cool.
B.Because people believe happiness arrives.
C.Because it means sweeping the dirt of the past year.
D.Because it means getting ready for the new year.
D
B
3.What is the most important thing for Xu Gang
A.Setting off firecrackers.
B.Eating hotpot.
C.Eating with families and friends.
D.Decorating the house.
4.What does having dumplings mean for Li Yan
A.It means her family enjoy the family gathering.
B.It means playing with her grandchildren happily.
C.It means wishes for the coming year.
D.It means her life is becoming better.
C
C
Activity 4　思考分享 提升思维
1.What do you think is the spirit of Chinese Spring Festival
2.What are your memorable experiences about Chinese Spring Festival
略
略
Activity 5　诵读佳句 学练写作
1.Read the passage carefully and find what the three readers do before Spring Festival.
Preparations began a week before the festival.First,the house was cleaned from top to bottom.Next,the Chinese character Fu was attached upside down to our front door.The greatest excitement began the night before Spring Festival.Fireworks were being let off across the city,suddenly lightning up the night sky.Children were covering their ears but with an expectant look on their faces.
I usually start planning my trip home to Shanxi weeks before Spring Festival,as train tickets or flights have to be booked as early as possible.I take great care in choosing gifts for my parents.
Weeks before Spring Festival,we start getting ready for their homecoming.We think about what the children would like to eat,what we need to buy and what dishes need to be prepared.
2.What does Spring Festival mean to Xu Gang
When I was a kid,Spring Festival was all about firecrackers,sweets and decorations.As I get older,coming home and being with my entire family is the most important part of it.
第三步深读课文 融会提能
Activity 6　课文语篇填空
It was the first time for Tom Jenkins to spend Spring Festival in China. He found the house 1.　　　　　　　(clean) from top to bottom, which means sweeping away the dirt of the past year and getting ready for the new year.It is believed that 2.　　　　　(happy) arrives if Fu is attached to the door upside down.The night before Spring Festival,people set off fireworks 3.　　　　　　(scare) away the monster Nian.Tom enjoyed a big dinner with his host family,4.　　　　　　　(wish) everyone a happy new year.
(was) cleaned
happiness
to scare
wishing
As train tickets and flights aren’t easy to get,Xu Gang usually makes a plan to go back to Shanxi before Spring Festival and chooses gifts for his parents 5.　　　　　　　　 (careful).His parents will tell him things that 6.　　　　 　　　 (happen).It is great to have hotpot while chatting with his families and friends about old times.To him,coming home and being with his entire family is the 7. 　　　　　　(much) important part of life.
Li Yan and her husband 8.　　　　　　 miss their children and grandchildren a lot start
carefully
have been happening
most
who
getting ready for their homecoming weeks 9. 　　　　　　 Spring Festival.Her grandchildren run,shout and play and her children talk about the past year.They gather to enjoy dumplings which are 10.　　　　　　 sign of their wishes for health and happiness.
before　
a
Activity 7　长难句分析
1.We then sat together to enjoy a big dinner,wishing everyone a happy new year.
[句式分析]
动词不定式作目的状语
We then sat together to enjoy a big dinner,wishing everyone a happy new year.
　　　 动词-ing形式作状语
[尝试翻译]
然后我们坐在一起享用了一顿丰盛的晚餐,祝大家新年快乐。
2.I don’t get to travel back to Shanxi very often,so when I get home,my parents will fill me in on what’s been happening...
[句式分析] 　　 so引导并列句
I don’t get to travel back to Shanxi very often,so when I get home,my parents will fill me in on what’s been happening...
when引导时间状语从句
　　　what引导宾语从句　　　
[尝试翻译]
我不常回山西,所以回家后,我父母会告诉我发生了什么事……
Part 2　Language points
基础落实 必备知识全过关
Ⅰ.重点单词
必记写作词汇
1.　　　　　 　n.重要的社交活动;时刻,时候
2.　　　　　 n.毕业
3.　　　　　 n.成人,成年人
4.　　　　　 vi.& vt.装饰,布置,美化
5.　　　　　 n.描述,报道
occasion　
graduation　
adult　
decorate　
account
识记阅读词汇
6.sweep vt.　 　　　　　　　
7.character n. 　　　　　　　
8.surround vt. 　　　　　　　
9.joy n. 　　　　　　　
10.custom n. 　　　　　　　
扫;打扫　
字,字体;人物,角色　
环绕,围绕　
欢欣,愉快,喜悦　
风俗,习惯;传统
串记拓展词汇
11.　　　 　　 n.恭喜,祝贺→　　　　　 vt.祝贺
12.　　　　　　 n.传统→　　　　　　 adj.传统的→_____________　　　　　　　 adv.传统地
13.　　　　　　　 vi.& vt.总结,概括→　　　　　　　 n.概括,总结
14.　　　　　　　 adj.期待的,期望的→　　　　　 vt.期盼,预料
→　　　　　 n.期盼
15.　　　　 　 vt.吓唬;使(某人)惊恐→　　　　　　　　 adj.恐怖的;吓人的→　　　　　　　 adj.感到害怕的
16.　　　　　　　 adj.原先的,最早的,最初的→　　　　　　　 n.起源;出身→　　　　　　　 adv.原先地,最早地,最初地
congratulation
congratulate
tradition
traditional
traditionally　
summarize
sum
expectant
expect
expectation
scare
scary
scared
original
origin
originally
【掌握构词规律　快速记牢单词】
名词加-y变为形容词:
stick→sticky　 scare→scary　 rain→rainy
girl→girly　 sleep→sleepy　 luck→lucky
noise→noisy　 health→healthy　 guilt→guilty
Ⅱ.重点短语
1.come to an end　　　　　　　
2.at war 　　　　　　　
3.put up 　　　　　　　
4.let off 　　　　　　　
5.sweep away 　　　　　　　
6.倒置地,颠倒地 　　　　　　　
7.照亮;(使)变得喜悦 　　　　　　　
8.从事,忙于;多达;能胜任 　　　　　　　
9.把……吓跑 　　　　　　　
10.与……一起 　　　　　　　
结束;终止　
在交战状态中　
张贴　
使某物爆炸　
扫除;清除　
upside down　
light up　
up to
scare sb/sth away　
along with
要点探究 能力素养全提升
基础词汇——语境记忆
1.adult n.成人,成年人
【佳句背诵】Adult behaviour is often patterned by childhood experiences.[成长经历]
成年人的行为模式往往是童年经历造成的。
2.tradition n.传统
【佳句背诵】By tradition,people play practical jokes on 1st April.[节日风俗]
按照传统习俗来说,4月1日可以开恶作剧的玩笑。
高频词汇——讲练互动
1.occasion n.重要的社交活动;时刻,时候
(1)on one occasion有一次
on that occasion那时;在那种情况下
on occasion偶尔
(2)occasional adj.偶尔的;不经常的;特殊场合的
occasionally adv.偶然地;偶尔;有时
【佳句背诵】He has few occasions to speak English.[语言学习]
他很少有机会讲英语。
This will be an occasion for us all to make a new start.[社会生活]
这将是我们大家重新开始的机会。
【温馨提示】当occasion后接定语从句时,其引导词要依据occasion的含义及在从句中所作的成分来确定。当occasion作先行词,其含义为“场合;庆典”时,应将它看作从句中的地点状语,用where来引导;当表示“机会;时刻”时,应将它看作从句中的时间状语,用when来引导。
【即学即练】单句填空/单句写作
①He managed to remain cool by swimming 　　　　　　(occasion).
②All in an 　　　　　(occasion) chance,he got the out-of-print book in a second-hand bookstore.
③有一次,她半夜给我打电话。
_________ _________ _________,she called me in the middle of the night.
occasionally　
occasional
On one occasion
④大家都知道他有时会发脾气。
He has been known _________ _________to lose his temper.
⑤这些球员中有些偶尔可能会违规而受罚。
Some of the players may,　　 　　 　　　　　 ,break the rules and be punished.
⑥我最喜欢踢足球,但是偶尔也打打乒乓球。
I like playing football best,　　　　　 　　　　　　　I play table tennis,too.
on occasion　
on occasion
but occasionally
2.congratulation n.恭喜,祝贺
(1)congratulations(to sb) on sth祝贺(某人)某事
(2)congratulate v.庆祝;祝贺
congratulate sb on sth祝贺某人某事
congratulate oneself on(doing)sth庆幸自己(做)某事
【佳句背诵】I sent her a gift as a sign of my congratulation.[人际交往]
我给她寄去一件礼物表示祝贺。
【即学即练】单句填空/单句写作
①He congratulated himself 　　　　　　 having survived the air crash.
②We congratulated him on 　 　　　　　　(pass) the examination.
③I send you my warmest 　　　　　　　(congratulate) on your success.
④祝贺你获得百米赛跑第一名。
Let me___________ _________ _________ _________ _________
the first place in the 100-metre dash.
⑤请在见到他时转达我的祝贺。
Please _________ _________ _________ _____________when you see him.
⑥我必须祝贺你为新桥梁做的优秀设计。
I must _________ ________ ________ the excellent design of the new bridge.
on
passing/having passed
congratulations
congratulate you on your winning
give him my congratulations
congratulate you on
3.come to an end 结束
bring an end to sth=bring sth to an end使……结束
put an end to sth结束,消除
in the end最终,终于
end in以……告终,最后的结果是……
end up with以……结束
【佳句背诵】Our vacation was great,but all good things came to an end.[过去经历]
我们的假期棒极了,但是美好的事情总会结束。
【即学即练】单句填空/单句写作
①All good things must come to 　　　　　end,however beautiful an experience is.
②It is an important step to decrease and put an end 　　　　　cheating in examinations in universities.
③医生的目的是终止患者的痛苦。
The doctor’s purpose was_______ ________ ________ ________ ________
his patients’ suffering.
an
to
to bring an end to
④这次探险活动由于恶劣天气以失败告终。
The exploration _______ ________ failure because of the bad weather.
⑤关于水污染的讨论终于结束了。
The discussion about the water pollution finally _______ ________ _______ ________.
⑥我给你的恩惠已经太多了,现在必须结束这一切了。
I have already given you too much,so now I must _______ ________ _______ _______it.
ended in
came to an
end
put an end
to
4.put up张贴
put up搭建;举起;提供膳宿;挂;使升高
put up with容忍,忍受
put off推迟,延期
put down写下,记下;放下
put away把……收拾起来;把钱、物等储存起来
put on穿上;开动;增加(体重等);假装
【佳句背诵】I want to put up a fence between our home and our neighbour’s.[家庭生活]
我要在我们和邻居的房子之间修道篱笆。
【即学即练】单句填空/单句写作
①Let me put 　　　　　your telephone number lest I forget it.
②He had to put 　　　　　　 his trip to Japan for two weeks.
③I had just put 　　　　　the cell phone when the teacher came in.
④考试结果将于周五下午张贴出来。
The exam results _______ _______ _______ _______on Friday afternoon.
⑤如果你有任何问题,就举手。
If you have any questions, _________ _________ _________ _________.
down
off
away
will be put up　
put up your hands
⑥我必须要忍受我的猫在我的房子里掉的满地的毛。
I have to _________ _________ _________ my cat’s fur all over the house.
⑦都是因为下雨,运动会才延期的。
Just because of the rain,the sports meet _________ _________ _________.
⑧我只是把可能对孩子造成危险的东西收了起来。
I only _________ _________ the things that might prove to be a danger to a child.
put up with
was put off
put away
5.account n.描述,报道
(1)account vi.解释,说明
account for说明(原因等);做出解释;占……(比例)
(2)on account of由于,因为
on any account无论如何
on no account绝不
take account of/take...into account=take...into consideration考虑……
【佳句背诵】I believe you gave a very good account of what had happened.[过去经历]
我相信你对事情发生的经过做了很好的描述。
【温馨提示】on no account置于句首时,句子要部分倒装。
【即学即练】单句填空/单句写作
①A doctor should never,　　　　　　 any account,break his confidence.
②The meeting was put off on account 　　　　　　the chairman’s illness.
③His exam results were not very good,but we must take______________ 　　　　　　 account his long illness.
④Lighting accounts 　　　　　about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US.
⑤你应将这些事实加以考虑。
You should _________ _________ _________ _________ ___________ _________ _________ _________ _________.
on
of
into
for
take these facts into account/take
account of these facts
⑥你如何解释作业中出现了这么多错误
How do you _________ _________making so many mistakes in your homework
⑦她无论如何也不会伤害姐姐的感情。
She would not hurt the feelings of her sister ________ ________ _________.
⑧我们对任何事情都要问一个为什么,绝对不应盲从任何人。
We must always go into the whys and wherefores of anything.
_________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________
anyone like sheep.
account for　
on any account
On no account should we follow
6.let off 使某物爆炸
let out放出;泄露;放置,放大(衣服等)
let sb down使某人失望
let in让……进来,放进
let alone更不用说,更谈不上
let...alone不打扰,不惊动
【佳句背诵】A boy of his neighbourhood had let off fireworks to celebrate the festival.[节日庆祝]
他邻居的一个男孩放烟火庆祝这个节日。
【即学即练】单句填空/单句写作
①I’m afraid she will let us 　　　　　　 badly.
②The boys were letting 　　　　　　　 fireworks.
③With each bump of the airplane he would let 　　　　　a giggle of joy.
④Mary accidentally let 　　　　　that her mother had telephoned.
⑤为了不使自己失望,我必须尽一切努力。
In order not to _________ _________ _________,I must make every effort.
⑥他越来越胖,裤腰都得放宽了。
He’s getting fatter and fatter and his trousers have to be_________ _________ round the waist.
down
off
out
out
let myself down
let out
7.attach vt.贴;固定;附上
(1)attach (sth) to...(把某物)连接到/固定在/附在……上
attach importance/significance to...重视;认为……重要/有意义/有价值
attach oneself to sb/sth依附某人/参加某事
(2)attached adj.附属于;为……工作;依恋;爱慕
be attached to...被连接到……;爱慕……
an attached school附属学校
【佳句背诵】The picture is attached to the wall by a nail.[物品介绍]
这张图画被钉子钉在墙上。
【即学即练】单句填空/单句写作
①Attach a recent photograph 　　　　　your application form before handing it in.
②I attach great significance 　　　　　the summit meeting.
③This hospital is 　　　　　　(attach) to Hefei Medical University nearby.
④她正试图想出一个标签贴在海狸鼠时装上,以表明它是环保的。
She’s trying to come up with a label to _________ _________ nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.
to
to
attached
attach to
⑤当我们学习一门外语时,应该把重点放在动词的用法上。
We should _________ _________ _________the usage of the verbs when we learn a foreign language.
⑥他对那所大学依依不舍,因为他在那里工作了差不多30年。
He _________ _________ _________the university where he worked nearly thirty years.
attach importance to
attached himself to
8.scare sb/sth away 把……吓跑
(1)scared adj.惊恐的,担惊受怕的
be scared to death吓得要命
(2)scare vt.使某人受惊;惊吓　n.恐慌;惊恐
scare sb away/off把某人吓跑/吓退
scare sb into doing sth恐吓某人做某事
【佳句背诵】Some people worry that the earthquake will scare away people.[社会生活]
有些人担心这次的地震会把人吓跑。
【即学即练】单句填空/单句写作
①She tries to scare the child 　　　　　behaving well.
②She was scared to 　　　　　(die) to wait for the result of her entrance examination in June.
③The little girl was scared 　　　　　　　(go) out alone in the evening.
into
death　
to go
④他投石子打麻雀,没有击中,把麻雀都吓跑了。
He flung a stone at the sparrows,but he missed,　　　　　　 all the sparrows 　　　　　.
⑤价格昂贵,把想买东西的顾客吓跑了。
The high price is _________ _________possible buyers.
⑥当我看到一个人在黑暗中慢慢朝我走来时,我怕得要死。
I _________ _________ _________ _________when I saw someone walking slowly towards me in the dark.
scaring
away　
scaring away
was scared to death
9.surround vt.环绕;围绕
(1)surround sb/sth with...使……包围某人/某物
be surrounded by/with...被……包围/环绕
surround+反身代词+with...喜欢结交(某类人);喜欢身边总有(某类东西)
(2)surrounding adj.周围的,附近的
surroundings n.周围的事物;环境;气氛
【佳句背诵】The listeners surrounded them,holding their hands enthusiastically,congratulating them.[社会生活]
听众们围住了他们,热情地握住他们的手,向他们祝贺。
【即学即练】单句填空/单句写作
①People say it is Canada’s most beautiful city,　　　　　　　　(surround) by mountains and the Pacific Ocean.
②He loves to surround himself 　　　　　his family and friends.
③I’d like to bring up my child in healthy 　　　　　　(surround).
④A lot of children at the school do not live in the town,but come from the
　　　　　　(surround) countryside.
surrounded
with
surroundings　
surrounding
⑤我们这儿是一个山区,三面都是大山。
Our area is _________ _________ _________ __________on three sides by mountains.
⑥这个城镇的水是从周围的山上流下来的。
The town’s water comes _________ _________ _________ _________.
⑦那位著名的科学家立即被一群年轻人围住了。
The famous scientist 　　　　　　 immediately _________ _________ 　　　　　　　　　　　a crowd of young people.
a hilly area surrounded　
from the surrounding hills
was
surrounded by
多义词汇——自主练透
Ⅰ.一词多义
account
A.n.账户　B.n.说明,报道　C.v.说明
①Alice gave a thrilling account of her life in the jungle.　　
②Too much pressure may account for your recent low efficiency in study.
　　
③To his surprise,his hard work paid off when $20,000 was credited to his account.　　
B
C
A
Ⅱ.教材熟词生义
sticky
项目 意义 例句
熟义 adj.　　 　　 The floor’s very sticky near the cooker.
生义 adj.　　　 　 It took place on a sticky August afternoon.
adj.　 　 　　 His dismissal was rather a sticky business for all concerned.
adj.　 　 　　 The bank manager was a bit sticky about letting me have an overdraft.
黏性的,黏的　
(指天气)湿热难受的
不愉快的,困难的
持异议,不肯帮忙
重点句式——多维剖析
1.as引导状语从句
【教材原句】I usually start planning my trip home to Shanxi weeks before Spring Festival,as train tickets or flights have to be booked as early as possible.
通常春节前数周我就开始计划回山西的旅程,因为要尽早订火车票或飞机票。
as作为从属连词,可以引导下列从句:
(1)as引导时间状语从句,意为“正当……的时候”“一面……一面……”“随着……”,从句可放在主句之前或主句之后。
(2)as引导方式状语从句,意为“如同”“按照……的方式、样子、办法”,as从句总跟在主句之后。
(3)as引导让步状语从句,意为“虽然”,多在主句之前,且须倒装(应将从句主要成分的形容词、副词、动词原形、不加冠词的单数名词置于as前面)。
(4)as引导比较状语从句,意为“和……一样/不一样”,表示同级的比较。使用时要注意第一个as为副词(意为“那么”“如此”),第二个as为连词(引导的比较状语从句常用省略)。其基本结构为:as+adj./adv.+as。
【佳句背诵】As he was not ready in time,we went without him.[过去经历]
因为他没有及时准备好,我们没有等他就去了。
【即学即练】单句填空/单句写作
①Try 　　　　　he might,he didn’t pass the exam.
②When in Rome,do as Romans 　　　　　(do).
③　　　　　 he was ill,I decided to go without him.
④He became less active as he 　　　　　(grow) older.
as
do
As
grew　
⑤随着他继续走,他感到越来越劳累。
______ ______ _______ _______,he felt himself getting more and more tired.
⑥尽管很难,我们不应该放弃。
_________ _________ _________ _________,we should not give it up.
⑦我已按照你建议的那样改了。
I have changed it _________ _________ _________.
⑧由于他家不能支付学费,他被迫辍学了。
_________ _________ _________ _________ _________ _________
pay tuition fees,he was forced to give up his studies.
As he walked on
Difficult as it is
as you suggested
As his family was unable to
2.the moment...一……就……
【教材原句】Every year,the moment I get on the train,I am surrounded by Shanxi accents—I know that I am heading home to my family.
每年,我一坐上火车,就会被山西方言包围,我意识到我踏上了回家的路。
表示“一……就”的形式还有:
(1)the minute/second/instant...
(2)immediately/directly/instantly...
(3)hardly...when...;no sooner...than...
(4)as soon as...
(5)on+n./doing...
【佳句背诵】The moment I turned round,she had left and disappeared in the crowd.[过去经历]
当我转过身来时,她已经离开并消失在人群中了。
【即学即练】单句填空/单句写作
①I went home 　　　　　(direct) I had finished work.
②No sooner had he arrived 　　　　　he fell sick.
③They were presented with flowers on 　　　 　　(arrive) at the airport.
④Hardly had I got home 　　　　　the telephone rang.
directly
than
arrival/arriving　
when
⑤他一说话,我们就听出了他的声音。
________ __________________________he spoke we recognized his voice.
⑥我一看到他,就知道没有希望了。
________ __________________________ I saw him I knew that there was no hope.
⑦一看到凡·高的画,我就立刻爱上了它。
________ ________ the painting by Van Gogh,I fell in love with it at once.
⑧足球比赛才刚刚开始就下起雨来。
________ ________ the football game begun 　　　　　it started raining.
The minute/second/instant/moment
The instant/minute/second/moment
On seeing
Hardly had when
Part 3　Grammar
语法冲关 语言规则全理清
被动语态
被动语态的基本用法:不知道或没有必要指明动作的执行者是谁时用被动语态;需要强调或突出动作的承受者或事件本身时也常用被动语态(by短语有时可以省略)。
被动语态与时态结合,形成各种时态下的被动语态:
时态 现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时
一般式 am/is/are done was/were done will/shall be done would/
should be done
进行式 am/is/are being done was/were being done
完成式 have/has been done had been done will/shall have been done would/should have
been done
1.使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题
(1)主动变为被动时双宾语的变化。
My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.
我的朋友在我生日那天给了我一本有趣的书。
→An interesting book was given to me by my friend on my birthday.
一本有趣的书在我生日那天由我的朋友给了我。
→I was given an interesting book by my friend on my birthday.
我生日那天我的朋友给了我一本有趣的书。
(2)主动变为被动时,宾语成主语;(作补语的)不定式前需加to(位置不变)。
The boss made him work all day long.
老板让他整天工作。
→He was made to work all day long by the boss.老板让他整天工作。
(3)动词短语变被动语态时,勿要掉“尾巴”。
The children were taken good care of (by her).
孩子们被(她)照顾得很好。
Your pronunciation and spelling should be paid attention to.
你的发音和拼写应该注意。
(4)情态动词和be going to,be to,be sure to,have to等结构变为被动语态时,只需将它们后面的动词原形变为“be+过去分词”。
We can repair this watch in two days.
我们可以在两天内把这块表修好。
→This watch can be repaired in two days.
这块表两天内就能修好。
(5)当句子的谓语为say,believe,expect,think,know,write,consider,report等时,被动语态有两种形式:①谓语动词用被动语态,动词不定式作主语补足语。②用it作形式主语,真正的主语在后面用主语从句来表示。
People say he is a smart boy.
人们说他是个聪明的男孩。
→He is said to be a smart boy.
据说他是个聪明的男孩。
→It is said that he is a smart boy.
据说他是个聪明的男孩。
People know paper was made in China first.
人们知道纸首先是在中国制造的。
→Paper was known to be made in China first.
众所周知,纸首先是在中国制造的。
→It is known that paper was made in China first.
众所周知,纸首先是在中国制造的。
【温馨提示】类似句型有:It is said/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thought that...
2.不能用被动语态的几种情况
(1)表示状态的谓语动词,如last,hold,contain,fit,cost等。
(2)表示归属的动词或短语,如have,own,belong to等。
(3)表示“希望、意图、喜好”的动词,如wish,want,hope,like,love,hate等。
(4)宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态,不能用被动语态。
(5)宾语是同源宾语、动词不定式、动词-ing形式等,谓语动词不用被动语态。
3.主动形式表示被动意义
(1)当连系动词feel,look,smell,taste,sound等后面接形容词时;当cut,read,sell,wear,write,wash等作为不及物动词表示主语内在“品质”或“性能”时;当动词表示“开始,结束,关,停,转,启动”等时。
The flowers smell sweet.花儿散发着芳香。
This kind of cloth washes easily.这种布料容易洗。
(2)当break out,take place,shut off,turn off,work out等动词短语表示“发生,关闭,制定”等时。
The lamps on the wall turned off.墙上的灯熄灭了。
【即学即练】单句填空
①Vegetables and fruit in this shop 　　　　 (sell) well.
②Football 　　　　　　 (play) in most countries of the world.
③I had not 　　　　　　(wake) up by the noise,so I was late this morning.
④When 　　　 the first man-made satellite 　　　(send) up into space
⑤How many magazines can 　　　　　　(borrow) from your library every week
sell
is played
been woken
was
sent　
be borrowed
⑥I have to go to work by taxi because my car 　　　　　　　　(repair) at the garage.
⑦Unless some extra money 　　　　　 (find),the theatre will close.
⑧I had a strong desire to walk in and play with the toy,but _____________　　　　　　 (hold) back thankfully by the shop window.
⑨It is reported that a space station 　　　　　　　　　　(build) on the moon in years to come.
⑩The Great Wall 　　　　　　 (know) all over the world.
is being repaired
is found
was held
will be built
is known
本 课 结 束