Module 6 Animals in danger.>Unit 3 Language in use .学案

八年级英语（上）导学案Module 6 Animals in danger（Unit 3） 姓名___________( )学 备课组：初二英语备课组 主备人：吕华英 使用时间：2013年10月 17 日 审核人：
Module 6 Animals in danger
Unit 3 Language in use
【动词不定式的构成】
一、动词不定式的基本构成：to + 动词原形
其否定形式是 ：not + to + 动词原形
不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语to do sth.，但没有人称和数的变化。
二、不定式的句法功能
1. 不定式做主语
例如：（1）. 要学好英语不容易。
①To learn English well is not easy.
= ②It’s not easy to learn English well.
形式主语It +be +形容词 + for/of sb + to do sth.
不定式做主语时,常用代词it 来代替不定式结构, 这时 it 被称为形式主语,而作为句子真正主语的不定式则被后置.
小试身手：
（1）It’s difficult for me (work) out the maths problem.
（2）You are kind (help) me.
=It’s kind ______you to help me
（3）It’s very important to learn English well.(同义句转换)
_____ _____ English well ______ very important.
2. 不定式做表语
例如：（1）Her wish is to buy a car one day.
（2）My job is to teach English.
表语常位于系动词（如be动词）之后，与系动词构成系表结构. 用来表示主语的身份,状态和特征等.
小试身手：
（1）.My job is _________computers.
A. to selling B. sell C. to sell D. sold
（2）. Her hobby is ______ (play) football.
（3）. The best way to travel in Yongkang is (drive) a car.
3. 动词不定式作宾语
例如：I want to buy a bike.
I decide to stay at home today.
动词不定式放在在某些及物动词后面作宾语。后面跟动词不定式作宾语的动词有：
小试身手：
1.The little boy wanted (get)to school before 8 o’clock.
2. He plans _____ (go) to Beijing for a holiday.
3. She would like _____ (become) beautiful.
4. The boy hopes ______ (pass) the English exam.
5. My little son is able _____ (read) some words.
6. I’ll try my best _____ (help) you.
4. 动词不定式作宾语补足语
例如：She tells me not to speak to strangers.
My parents want me to be a teacher in the future.
像这样 “某些及物动词+某人+（not）+ to do sth. ”
want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事
tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人去做某事
用动词不定式作宾语补足语,常见的及物动词有 tell , ask , want , would like , wish , teach , help , order命令 ,invite邀请, get, allow允许, send, 等.
小试身手：
1. Don’t ask Jim ___(go) swimming with us, because His mother won’t allow him ____(do) so.
2. Does you mother like you ____a doctor
A. being B. to be C. are D. become
3. My teacher always tells me ____ (study) hard.
4. I don’t want you ____ (help) me.
5. She’d like me ____ (join) them.
6. I wish you ____ (have) a good time.
7. My best friends teach me ____ (swim).
8. Her boyfriend often invites her ____ (have) dinner.
9. My mother always gets my father ____ (do) housework.
10. I order you ____ (wash) your hands.
11. Kangkang helped us____ (book) the train tickets.
5. 动词不定式作宾补省略to的情况有:
1. 动词不定式放在help 后可以加to, 也可省略to.
help sb. to do sth. / help sb. do sth.
2. 动词不定式放在使役动词（let .make .have)和感官动词(see .watch.look at .hear. feel)后作宾补的时候一定要省略to。
例如：His mother let him not watch TV。
He often makes his sister wash his clothes.
使役动词 let sb. (not) do sth. … 让/使 某人做某事
make
have
感官动词 see sb. (not) do sth. … 某人做过某事sb. doing sth. … 某人正在做某事
watch
look at
hear
feel
小试身手：
1. When they went into the park, they saw someone _____ Chinese Kongfu .
A. plays B. played C. to play D. playing
2.Mr. Brown made his students _____ the new words again.
A. copying B. copy C. to copy D. copied
3.Please let the students___ down. A. sitting B. sat C. sit D. to sit
4.—Is Wei Fang good at singing
--- Yes, she is. We often hear her _____ in her room.
A.to sing B. sing C. sings D.singing 5.A strange noise made me___(stop) my work.
6. 动词不定式表示目的，原因或结果.
例如：
We are sorry to hear that. (表原因)
Let’s stop to have a rest. (表行为的目的)
The orange are too high to reach. (表结果)
She didn’t work hard enough to pass the exam. (表结果)
小试身手：
1. She sells flowers___make money.
A.made B.make C.to make D.to be made
2. The room is not big enough ____.
A.to live in B. to be lived in
C.to live D. for living
3. I’m sorry ______ you .
A. trouble B. trouble with
C. to trouble D. trouble about
4. He is too young ___ (go) to school.
7. 动词不定式作定语(后置）
动词不定式作(后置）定语，一般放在所修饰的名词短语后，补充修饰那个名词。
例如：
He is looking for a room to live in ．
他在找一个房间住。
There is nothing to worry about。
无什么可担心的。
Please give me a knife to cut with．
请给我把刀子来切东西。
小试身手：
1.Do you have anything more_______ ﹙要说﹚
2.She has a lot of work _______﹙做﹚ every day .
3. The old man has a house _________ ﹙住﹚.
4. She is a nice person__________ ﹙共事﹚ .
8. 特殊疑问词+动词不定式 结构
动词不定式可以和特殊疑问词构成短语，相当于一个名词性短语，可以做宾语。如：
We don’t know how to use the machine.
Can you show me how to swim.
He didn’t tell me when to leave.
小试身手：
1. Joe is teaching Alice______the chair.
A. how mend B.how mending
C. how to mending D. how to mend
2. I don’t know what___ _ (do) next.
3. Could you tell me when _ ___ (have) dinner
9. 只能跟ving 的动词：
finish , enjoy, mind介意, keep(on)继续, practise, be busy doing . give up放弃, look forward to期待 doing,
1. I can’t help _____ (cry) .
2. He didn’t finish____(do)homework.
3. Would you mind ____ (close) the window.
4. Every day Mary practise ______ (speak) English.
5.Kangkang is busy _____ (watch) TV now.
6. I look forward to ___ (hear) from you.
7. They keep ____ (play) basketball.
8. My sister feels like ______ (eat) ice cream.
10. 既可以跟动词不定式 又可以跟Ving 的几组动词,如like to do sth. / like doing sth.
还有prefer, hate, begin,start, remember, forget, stop等
1. It’s time for class ,please stop________(talk)
2. He stopped _____(say)hello to me when he saw me.
3. It’s too late, let’s stop_____(work)
4. He stopped______(cry) when seeing his mother.
【课后反思】
动词不定式是本模块的重点，也是难点所在。学了动词不定式后，你还有什么疑惑吗？
语法
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