2024年中考二轮复习 专题1 名词 课件 (共29张PPT)

(共29张PPT)
专题一： 名词
目
录
1
知识导图
2
语法突破 精讲精练
3
语境中练语法
知识导图
名词的分类
类别 意义 例词
普通名词 可数名词 个体名词 表示某类人或东西中的个体。 student，desk
集体名词 表示若干个体组成的集合体。 family，class
类别 意义 例词
普通名词 不可数名词 物质名词 表示无法分为个体的 实物。 tea，water，sand
抽象名词 表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念。 work，time，news
专有名词 表示地名、人名、语言、组织机构、月份、星期、节日等(专有名词的首字母需要大写)。 Shanghai，Tommy，Japanese，WTO，January，Friday
1．(2022 德阳)F_________ is the sixth day of a week.
2．(2021 新疆)It is reported that the h_________ of Qomolangma is more than 8844.43 meters.
3．(2023 丽水改编)Mandy isn't allowed to drive because her parents worry about her __________(safe)．
riday
eight
safety
4．(2023·泰州)With the _______________(develop) of the society，more and more people devote their energy to charity.
5．(2023 河池)Turn right at the second ____________(cross) and the hotel is on your left.
6．(2020 北部湾)People like to fly kites in _________(三月)．
7．(2021 牡丹江、鸡西)He's very kind to others.He treats everyone with __________(温暖)．
8．(2022 北部湾)Can you point out your country on this world ______(地图)？　
development
crossing
March
warmth
map
名词的数
1．可数名词
可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。其复数形式分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。
(1)规则变化
类别 构成方法 例词
一般情况 加-s book—books　key—keys
以s，x，ch，sh结尾的词 加-es box—boxes　dish—dishes
类别 构成方法 例词
以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词 变y为i，再加-es story—stories　country—countries
以f或fe结尾的词 变f或fe为v，再加-es leaf—leaves　knife—knives scarf—scarfs/scarves
类别 构成方法 例词
以o结尾的词 以辅音字母加o结尾的加-es hero—heroes　potato—potatoes　tomato—tomatoes
(英雄喜欢吃土豆和西红柿)
以元音字母加o结尾的、外来或缩写词加-s radio—radios　bamboo—bamboos piano—pianos　photo—photos
(2)不规则变化
①内部元音字母发生变化。如：
foot—feet　man—men　mouse—mice　woman—women　policeman—policemen　tooth—teeth
goose—geese(鹅)
②词尾发生变化。如：
ox—oxen(公牛)　child—children
③有个别名词单复数形式一样。如：
deer—deer(鹿)　fish—fish　sheep—sheep　works—works(工厂)
④表示“某国人”的复数形式
表示“某国人”的名词变复数遵循以下规律：中、日、瑞士不变，英法联盟a变e(man—men)，其他要把-s加后面。
a．单复数同形。如：
Chinese—Chinese　Japanese—Japanese　Swiss—Swiss
b．变man为men。如：
Englishman—Englishmen　Frenchman—Frenchmen
c．词尾加-s。如：
German—Germans　Russian—Russians　Australian—Australians　American—Americans　Roman—Romans　Indian—Indians
⑤通常只用复数形式的名词。如：
glasses 眼镜　trousers 裤子　clothes 衣服　scissors 剪刀　chopsticks 筷子
⑥复合名词的复数形式
a．把复合词中的中心词变复数。如：
a son-in-law—sons-in-law 女婿
b．当第一部分为man或woman时，两部分皆变复数。如：
a man teacher—two men teachers
a woman doctor—three women doctors
2．不可数名词
(1)不可数名词没有复数形式，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。如：
The coffee is too hot to drink.咖啡太烫了无法喝。
(2)不可数名词前不能用不定冠词(a/an)或数词(one，two，...)修饰。
(3)要表示不可数名词的数量需要借助于“a＋单位词(可数名词)＋of＋不可数名词”短语，数量大于一时把a变为具体数词，单位词变为复数形式。如：
a bowl of water一碗水　two cups of tea两杯茶
(4)能修饰不可数名词的词或短语有much，little，a little，a bit of，some，any，a lot of/lots of，plenty of等，用来表示大概的数量。
如：much bread许多面包　a little milk 一点牛奶　a lot of work大量的工作
(5)常见不可数名词：music(音乐)，news(新闻)，advice(建议)，work(工作)，information(信息)，weather(天气)，traffic(交通)，experience(经验)等。
1．(2021 内江)My best friend sent me a beautiful g___ on my birthday.
2．(2022 日照)My friend gave me some a______ on how to keep a pet.
3．(2024 德阳)We students must follow the r_____ of our school.
4．(2020 北部湾)There are some ______(cup) of tea on the table.
5．(2023 泰州)The film The Battle at Lake Changjin(《长津湖》) showed us many __________(hero) in the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea(抗美援朝战争)．
ift
dvice
ules
cups
heroes
6．(2022 临沂)Two Chinese _________ have been to space so far.They're Liu Yang and Wang Yaping.(woman)
7．(2022 河池)Uncle Zhang often has some ________(米饭) and meat for lunch.
8．(2022 镇江)Of all the _____________(女演员)，I admire Audrey Hepburn most.　
women
rice
actresses
名词的格
名词所有格表示所属关系。一般有's所有格、of所有格和双重所有格三种形式，具体用法如下：
类型 用法 示例
's所有格 常用于有生命的名词 一般单数名词在词尾加's。 my sister's book我妹妹的书Mike's mother迈克的妈妈
以s结尾的复数名词在词 尾加'。 Teachers' Day 教师节boys' 200-meter race男子两百米赛跑
不以s结尾的复数名词在词尾加's Children's Day儿童节
Women's Day妇女节
类型 用法 示例
's所有格 如果某物为两者共同所有，只需在后一个名词词尾加's；如果某物为两者各自所有，则在两个名词后面都加's。 Mike and Ben's room迈克和本的房间(共同所有) Mike's and Ben's rooms迈克(的房间)和本的房间(各自所有)
“名词＋'s”可以表示“某人家”、 “店铺”、“诊所”等处所。 at Mr.Green's在格林先生家at the dentist's在牙医的诊所
有些表示时间、距离、国家、机构等的无生命名词，也可以在词尾加's构成所有格。 five minutes' walk(步行)五分钟的路程
类型 用法 示例
of所有格 常用于无生命的名词 the legs of the desk桌腿
a map of China一幅中国地图
双重所有格 of＋'s所有格 a friend of my father's 我爸爸的一个朋友
of＋名词性物主代词 a friend of mine我的一个朋友
1．(2022 绍兴改编)Everyone was touched by that great erhu _______________(master) performance.
2．(2022 泰州)I spent one ___________(night) time making a video Mei Lanfang and His Hometown to take part in “Tell China's Stories” competition.
3．(2022 镇江改编)These UNICEF _____________(officer) wish is to improve the living conditions of the local children.
master's
night's
officers'
4．(2022 临沂)My _________________ garden is very nice.(grandmother)
5．It's fifteen ___________(minute) walk from my home to the zoo.
6．In 1920，the ___________(world) first three-color traffic light was put to use.
7．The online shop sells ______________(child) shoes at a very good price.
8．Have you read the report？Those ___________(英雄) stories really touched me deeply.
9．—A boy is flying a kite over there.Who is he
—Oh，he is ___________________(露西和莉莉的) brother.
grandmother's
minutes'
world's
children's
heroes'
Lucy and Lily's
语境中练语法
一、根据所给汉语或英文首字母写出所缺英语单词　　
1．—Because of wars，many people are homeless.
—Yes，nobody wants wars.We are all thirsty for ________(和平)．
2．—What is the __________(秘诀) of your beautiful English handwriting
—Practice makes perfect!
3．—Jack，will your family move to Shanghai
—Yes.My parents has made the ____________(决定)．
peace
secret
decision
4．—What's your dream job in the future，Tim
—I want to be a ______(飞行员) to fly a plane.
5．—I find there are more and more overweight children in our school.
—Exactly，so we should have good eating h_____.
6．—President Xi Jinping has made an important point that we should make an e_____ to create extraordinary(不平凡的) achievements in common jobs.
—That's true.No matter what we do，we should try our best.
pilot
abits
ffort
7．—What do you think of your new house built by the local government
—Pretty good.I have a f_______ of happiness now.
8．—Every school in China has at least one safety drill(演练) every term.
—That's right.We should teach children how to deal with d_______．
eeling
anger
二、完形填空
My favorite movie is The Pursuit of Happyness(《当幸福来敲门》)．This is a story about hard work and 1 ．Chris Gardner is a salesman.Nobody buys his 2 ，so he has no money.With no 3 to go，he and his young son once lived in the bathroom of a subway station.Although 4 is hard，he never gives in.
1．A．pride B．hope C．education
2．A．letters B．opinions C．products
3．A．place B．room C．land
4．A．success B．business C．life
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In the 5 ，Gardner says something that encourages me.“Don't ever let someone tell you that you can't do something.You got a(n) 6 ，you gotta protect it.People can't do something themselves，they wanna tell you that you can't do it.If you want something，go get it.” I agree with him.We should work hard for our dreams and believe that 7 will come.　　　　　
5．A．scene B．film C．fiction
6．A．hobby B．idea C．dream
7．A．happiness B．love C．pressure
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