北师版（2019）选择性必修第二册UNIT 5 Education　LESSON 2 & LESSON 3 课件(共79张PPT)

(共79张PPT)
UNIT 5　EDUCATION
Section B　LESSON 2 & LESSON 3
Part 1　Reading comprehension
Part 2　Language points
目 录 索 引
Part 1　Reading comprehension
第一步 速读课文 理清脉络
Activity 1　Read for the main idea.
What does the text mainly tell us
A.Why we believe in our forefathers.
B.Why we pass on our knowledge.
C.How we acquire knowledge.
D.How we understand others.
C
Activity 2　Skim for the main structure.
The method to acquire knowledge Three stages To start with,we need questions.
Then,1.　　　　　　　　 answers,we observe the world around us and study the facts.
After that,we consider possible answers and test each to find the right ones.
The situations in the 17th century The early pioneers & convention Bacon suggested this type of thinking was the way to gain knowledge,but he was going 2.　　　　　 the views of the day.Although 3.　　　　　 an important rank in the royal court of England,his true interest was to search for knowledge.But at that time,people believed 4. 　　　　　in the church than in facts.
to find
against
holding
more
The situations in the 17th century The early pioneers & conven tion Galilei put forward the idea that “the Earth 5.　　　 not the centre of the universe”.He was punished by the church with no one coming to his 6.　　　　　.The church and many people tended 7. 　　　　　the facts and didn’t want to challenge what they had always comfortably believed.
People wanted to believe the primitive ideas put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle,8.　　　　　　 said that the Earth must be the centre of the universe.When Galilei proved Aristotle wrong,people grew angry and put him in prison.Until today,people make the 9.　　　　 that if someone important and respected says that something is right,then it must be so.
is
defence
to ignore
who
assumption
Conclusions Our understanding of the world around us is
10.　　　 growing and changing.We need to thank the great men of the past for their wisdom.
People like Bacon and Galilei were brave enough to step out from the shadows of conventional thought to find the kingdom of knowledge that today’s civilisation is built upon.
constantly
第二步 精读课文 领悟细节
Activity 3　Read the text carefully and choose the best answer.
1.What’s the very first step of Francis Bacon’s type of thinking
A.Thinking over the possible answers.
B.Testing for a right answer.
C.Observing the world.
D.Raising questions.
D
2.What do we know from the passage
A.At that time,people believed more in religion than in facts.
B.Both Bacon and Galilei were punished for their scientific ideas.
C.Before Galilei,Aristotle’s theory had influenced people for 1,000 years.
D.The church was against the great philosopher Aristotle for his theory of the universe.
A
3.What’s the main idea of the passage
A.Francis Bacon was going against the views of his day.
B.Galileo Galilei was great to prove the Earth was not the centre of the universe.
C.People should question more because great men,even Aristotle and Galilei, might make mistakes.
D.The Earth is not the centre of the universe and it doesn’t move round the sun in a perfect circle,either.
C
4.What is the correct order to acquire knowledge and understanding according to the article
A.Observe,study,consider,find the right answers.
B.Question,find the right answers,observe,test.
C.Question,observe and study,consider and test,find the right answers.
D.Acquire the knowledge and understanding,find the right answers,consider and test.
C
5.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A.Knowledge is got by learning not by believing.
B.Civilisation is built on the kingdom of knowledge.
C.People tend to believe everything that the person they respect says.
D.Galileo proved “the Earth is not the centre of the universe” and he never made mistakes.
D
Activity 4　思考分享 提升思维
1.What else do you know about the way we acquire knowledge
2.What can we learn from the text about acquiring knowledge
略
Activity 5　诵读佳句 学练写作
1.Read the text carefully and find the sentence(s) describing Francis Bacon’s interest.
2.Read the text carefully and find the sentence(s) describing Aristotle’s contribution.
Although Bacon held an important rank in King James’ royal court of England,his true interest was not the day-to-day,slow and inefficient working style of the government,but the worthy search for knowledge.
But even though Aristotle was a great man who inspired many great scientists and philosophers after him,he was wrong at times.
第三步 深读课文 融会提能
Activity 6　课文语篇填空
1.　　　　　　　 seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding.2.　　　　　(start) with,we need questions.Then,
3.　　　　　　 (find) answers,we observe the world around us and study the facts.After that,we consider possible answers and test each to find the right 4. 　　　　　　　 (one).Modern scientists and thinkers are still solving the world’s problems 5. 　　　　　　　 this type of analysis.
It
To start
to find
ones
with
Our understanding of the world around us is 6. 　　　　　　 (constant) growing and changing.In other words,we learn more every day.We need to thank the great men of the past for 7. 　　　　　　　 (they) wisdom.They understood 8.　　　　　we don’t know everything and probably never will, as this would mean a world with questions.We owe so much of our knowledge and understanding of the world to people like Bacon and Galilei, who were brave enough to step out from the shadows of 9. 　　　　　　 (convention) thought in order to find the kingdom of knowledge that today’s civilisation
10.　　　　　　 (build) upon.
constantly
their
that
conventional
is built
Activity 7　长难句分析
1.However,in the 17th century when Francis Bacon(1561—1626) suggested that this type of thinking was the way to gain knowledge,he was going against the views of the day.
[句式分析]　 作时间状语 引导定语从句,修饰17th century
However,in the 17th century when Francis Bacon(1561—1626) suggested that this type of thinking was the way to gain knowledge,he was going against the views of the day. 作定语,修饰way 引导宾语从句,作suggested的宾语
然而,在17世纪,当弗朗西斯·培根(1561—1626)提出这种思考方式去获取知识时,他的观点却与当时的观念背道而驰。
2.We own so much of our knowledge and understanding of the world to people like Bacon and Galilei,who were brave enough to step out from the shadows of conventional thought in order to find the kingdom of knowledge that today’s civilisation is built upon.
[句式分析]引导非限制性定语从句,修饰people
We own so much of our knowledge and understanding of the world to people like Bacon and Galilei,who were brave enough to step out from the shadows of conventional thought in order to find the kingdom of knowledge that today’s civilisation is built upon.作目的状语 引导定语从句,修饰kingdom
我们对世界的认识和理解,很大程度上要归功于像培根和伽利莱这样的人,他们勇敢地走出了传统思想的阴影,只为寻找构建当今文明的知识王国。
Part 2　Language points
基础落实 必备知识全过关
重点单词
必记写作词汇
1.　　　　　　　 vt.获得,赢得,取得;受益
2.　　　　　　　 vt.追求
3.　　　　　　　 n.洞察力;顿悟
4.　　　　　　　 vt.教育;教导,指导
5.　　　　　　　 n.经济学
6.　　　　　　　 n.境况,状况;情况,情形
7.　　　　　　　 n.公民;市民
8.　　　　　　　 vt.刺激,促使,促进
gain　
pursue　
insight　
educate　
economics
circumstance　
citizen　
stimulate　
9.　　　　　　　 adj.聪颖的,才华横溢的
10.　　　　　　　 vt.展示;说明
11.　　　　　　　 n.分析
12.　　　　　　　 n.等级
13.　　　　　　　 n.教会;教堂
14.　　　　　　　 n.宇宙
15.　　　　　　　 n.监狱
16.　　　　　　　 vt.放弃;抛弃
17.　　　　　　　 vt.有……是由于;把……归功于
18.　　　　　　　 n.阴影
19.　　　　　　　 n.王国
20.　　　　　　　 adj.极其重要的,必不可少的
brilliant
demonstrate　
analysis　
rank　
church
universe　
prison　
abandon　
owe　
shadow
kingdom　
vital
识记阅读词汇
21.objective n.　　 　　　　　　
adj. 　　　　　　
22.well-rounded adj. 　　 　　　　
23.cognition n. 　　　　　　
24.core adj. 　　　　　　
25.integrity n. 　 　　 　　　
26.Latin n. 　　　　　　
目的,目标　
客观的　
多面的,全面的　
认识,认知
核心的　
正直,诚实;完整　
拉丁语　
27.uncritically adv. 　　 　　　　
28.definition n. 　　　　　　
29.respectively adv. 　　　　　　
30.priority n. 　　　　　　
31.initiative n. 　　　　　　
32.autonomous adj. 　　　　　　
33.royal adj. 　　　　　　
34.primitive adj. 　　　　　　
35.mankind n. 　　　　　　
无鉴别力地;不加批评地　
定义,释义　
各自地　
优先处理的事;优先权　
主动性　
自主的;自治的　
皇家的;王室的　
原始的　
人类
串记拓展词汇
36.criticise vt.批评;评论→　　　　　　 adj.批评的,批判的
37.　　　　　　 adj.文明的,有礼貌的;公民的
→civilise v.使文明→civilisation n.文明
38.　　　　　 adj.道德(上)的→morally adv.道德(上)地
39.acquire v.获得;习得→　　　　　　　 n.获得,习得
40. 　　　　　　　 vi.& vt.奉献,捐献→contribution n.捐献;贡献;投稿
41.　　　　　　 n.金融;财政→financial adj.财政的;金融的
42.　　　　　　 vt.使接触;使体验;使暴露;揭露
→exposed adj.暴露的→exposure n.暴露
critical
civil
moral
acquisition
contribute
finance
expose
43.surround vt.包围;围绕→　　　　　　 adj.四周的,附近的
→surroundings n.(复数)周围的事物;环境
44.judge v.判断;评价;判决→　　　　　 n.判断力;意见,评价;判决
45.　　　　　 vi.表现→behaviour n.行为;举止;习性
46.conclude v.得出结论;结束→　　　　　 n.结论
47.responsible adj.负责任的,有责任的→　　 　　　 n.责任
48.　　　　　 vt.评价→assessment n.评定;估价
49.　　　　　　　 adj.显然的,明显的;易理解的
→obviously adv.显然,显而易见地
50.efficient adj.效率高的→　　　　　　 adj.效率低的
51.worth adj.(指行动)值得,有价值
n.价值→　　　　　 adj.有价值的;值得尊敬的
surrounding
judgement
behave
conclusion
responsibility
assess
obvious
inefficient
worthy
52.　　　　　　 vt.赞成;赞许;批准→approval n.赞成,同意
→approving adj.赞成的,同意的→disapprove v.不赞成,不同意
53.　　　　　 vt.强烈要求;敦促→urgent adj.紧急的;急迫的
→urgency n.紧急
54.assume vt.假定;设想→　　　　　　　 n.假定,假设
55.respect vt.尊敬;尊重→　　　　　 adj.受尊敬的,受敬重的
56.wise adj.聪明的;明智的→　　　　　 n.智慧
57.convention n.传统→　　 　　　 adj.守旧的;传统的
→conventionally adv.传统地
58.benefit v.使受益;得益于→　　　　　 adj.有利的,有帮助的
approve
urge
assumption
respected
wisdom
conventional
beneficial
【掌握构词规律　快速记牢单词】
名词加-al转化成形容词。例如:
critic→critical批评的,批判的
nation→national国家的
politics→political政治的
profession→professional专业的,职业的
interaction→interactional相互作用的
重点短语
1. 　　　　　　　 使顿悟,猛醒
2.　　　　　　　 使某人暴露在……
3.　　　　　　　 敦促某人做某事
4.　　 　　　　　 作出假设
5.　　　　　　　 将……归功于某人
6.　　　　　　　 最后
give insight into　
expose sb to...　
urge sb to do sth　
make an assumption　
owe...to sb　
in conclusion　
7.　　　　　　　 不管;不顾
8.　　 　　　　　 为……做出贡献
9.　　　　　　　 往往会做某事
10.　　　　　　　 赞成,认可,承认
11.　　　　　　　 对……有益处
12.　　　　　　　 提出
regardless of　
make contributions to...　
tend to do sth
approve of　
be beneficial to　
put forward
要点探究 能力素养全提升
基础词汇——语境记忆
1.objective n.目的,目标　adj.客观的
【佳句背诵】As far as I’m concerned,winning is not the prime objective in this sport.[议论文]
在我看来,获胜不是这项体育运动的主要目的。
2.initiative n.主动性
【佳句背诵】Take the initiative,and you’ll be rewarded.[建议信]
采取主动,你就会有所收获。
高频词汇——讲练互动
1.contribute vi.& vt.奉献,捐献
(1)contribute (sth) to...向……捐赠/投稿(某物);有助于;促成,导致
(2)contribution n.捐献;贡献;投稿
make a contribution to (doing) sth 对(做)某事做出贡献
【佳句背诵】Their contribution was of great worth.[人物介绍]
他们的贡献具有伟大的意义。
The doctor makes a great contribution to the research.[人物介绍]
这位医生对这项研究做出了巨大的贡献。
【温馨提示】
(1)contribute to中的to是介词,后接名词或动词-ing形式作宾语。
(2)表示“引起;导致”的表达还有:cause,lead to,result in,bring about等。
【即学即练】单句写作/句型转换
(1)许多因素导致了他的失败。
Many factors 　　　　　 　　　　　 his failure.
(2)这本书引起了人们的极大兴趣和争论。
The book ________ ________ ________ and argument.
(3)我认为这件事不会有什么好结果。
I don’t think it will 　　　　　 　　　　 a good result.
(4)Less exercise leads to his bad health.
→Less exercise __________ ________ his bad health.
contribute to
caused great interest
contribute to
contribute to
(5)He donated a lot to the disaster-hit area.
→He 　　　　　a lot 　　　　　the disaster-hit area.
(6)The scientist contributes a lot to the public health.
→The scientist ________ ________ ________ ________________ ________ the public health.
(7)What brought about the failure of the business
→What ___________ ________ the failure of the business
contributed
to
makes a great contribution to
contributed to
2.expose vt.使接触;使体验;使暴露;揭露
(1)expose sb to sth 让某人接触/体验某事物
expose...to...使……面临/遭受(危险或不快)
(2)exposed adj.暴露的
be exposed to...暴露于……;处于……危险中
(3)exposure n.暴露
【佳句背诵】After only a short exposure to sunlight,I began to turn red.[求助信]
我在阳光下只晒了一会儿,皮肤就开始变红了。
Don’t expose your skin to direct sunlight,or you’ll get sunburnt.[建议信]
别让皮肤直接暴露在太阳下,不然你会晒伤的。
If exposed to the outside surroundings,they’ll be stronger.[建议信]
如果暴露于外部环境中,他们将变得更加强壮。
Some people think we shouldn’t expose the children to computer games.[议论文]
一些人认为,我们不应该让孩子们接触电脑游戏。
【温馨提示】
在expose...to...以及be exposed to结构中,to为介词,其后要用名词、代词或动词-ing 形式。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/语境辨义
(1)The workers are exposed 　　　　　unacceptably high levels of radiation.
(2)The soil was washed away by the flood,　　　　　(expose) bare rock.
(3)________ ________ (expose) to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.
(4)Long 　　　　　　　(expose) to noisy surroundings may result in some physical and mental problems.
(5)When he smiled,he exposed a set of perfect white teeth.　　　　
(6)She was exposed as a liar and a fraud.　　　　
(7)We want to expose the kids to as much art and culture as possible.
　　　　
to
exposing
Being exposed
exposure
露出
揭露
使接触
3.surrounding adj.四周的,附近的
(1)surround vt.包围;围绕
surround...with...用……包围/围绕……
be surrounded with/by...被……包围/环绕……
(2)surroundings n.(复数)周围的事物;环境
【佳句背诵】Some countries are surrounded with/by dangers.[议论文]
一些国家危机四伏。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)The 　　　　　　(surround) villages have been absorbed into the growing city.
(2)Some insects take on the colour of their 　　　　　　　(surround) to protect themselves.
(3)Mrs Smith found her husband surrounded 　　　　　　　letters and papers and looking very worried.
(4)她被问问题的学生围住了。
She _______ __________ ________ _________asking questions.
surrounding
surroundings
by/with
was surrounded by/with students
(5)汤姆下午在附近的山上远足。
Tom spent the afternoon hiking ______ ________ ___________ ________.
(6)消防队员包围了这栋熊熊燃烧的建筑物。
The firemen __________ ________ ________ ________.
(7)她面对着一份全新的工作,周围是陌生的环境和陌生的人。
She was faced with a new job,in 　　　　 　　　　　　with strange people.
in the surrounding hills
surrounded the burning building
unfamiliar surroundings
4.behave v.表现;表现得体
(1)behave well/badly to/towards sb 对待某人好/差
behave oneself 守规矩;表现得体
(2)behaviour n.行为;举止;习性
【佳句背诵】His behaviour shows his lack of consideration for others.[人物描写]
他的行为表明他不关心别人。
Please behave well to/towards the guests.[建议信]
请礼貌对待客人。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
(1)The child 　　　　　so well in class that the teacher praised his good
　　　　 in front of others.(behave)
(2)It’s time for somebody to teach you to behave 　　　　　(you).
(3)Don’t be so rude;it isn’t a nice way to behave badly 　　　　　your aunt!
(4)Parents should educate their children to behave 　　　　　(good).
behaved
behaviour
yourself
to/towards
well
5.regardless of 不管;不顾
(1)regard...as...将……看作……
(2)despite/in spite of 尽管(其后常接名词,不接从句)
【佳句背诵】We all regarded him as a hero.[人物介绍]
我们都把他看作英雄。
In spite of/Despite her terrible illness,she worked hard and succeeded in the scientific research field.[人物介绍]
尽管她病得厉害,但是她还是勤奋工作,并在科研领域取得了成功。
【温馨提示】
regardless of强调“不认为……重要”,从而不加以重视或考虑,其后可接whether,what引导的名词性从句。
【即学即练】单句写作/句型转换
(1)尽管天气不好,但运动会还会准时举行。
The sports meeting will be held on time ________ ________ ______ _______ ________ _________.
(2)法律要求人人平等,不管种族或性别。
The law requires equal treatment for all,__________ ____ _____ ___ ____.
(3)Even though it is raining,we’ll start off in time.
→We’ll start off in time __________ ________ the fact that it is raining.
in spite of the
bad weather
regardless of race or sex
regardless of
6.in conclusion最后,总之
(1)conclusion n.结束;结论
come to/draw/reach/get to/arrive at the conclusion that...得出……的结论
bring...to a conclusion 使……结束
(2)conclude v.结束
conclude sth with sth 以……结束……
【佳句背诵】I’ve come to/arrived at/drawn/reached/got to the conclusion that I’m the right person for the job.[求职信]
我得出结论,我适合做这项工作。
We will conclude the concert with the national anthem.[活动介绍]
我们将以国歌结束音乐会。
【温馨提示】
表示“总而言之”的其他表达还有:in short,in brief,in a word,all in all,to sum up,briefly (speaking),on the whole等。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)They brought the discussion to 　　　　　conclusion an hour later.
(2)　　　　　 short,there are many easy ways of keeping fit.
(3)All 　　　　　all,we have a good time.
(4)He ___________ ________ ________ ___________(得出结论) that the machine was out of order.
(5)Perhaps I ought to ________ ________ ________ ________(以……结束这场演讲) a slightly light-hearted question.
(6)　　　 　　　　 　(总之),people around the world should be aware of the real situation of water shortage.
a
In
in
came to the conclusion
conclude the lecture with
In conclusion/short/brief
7.responsibility n.责任
(1)have/take/bear responsibility for...对……负责,负责……
it’s one’s responsibility to do sth 做某事是某人的职责
(2)responsible adj.负责任的,有责任的
be responsible for sth 对某事负责任
【佳句背诵】The children are responsible for cleaning their own rooms.[活动介绍]
孩子们负责清扫自己的房间。
He was responsible for the activity.[活动介绍]
他负责此次活动。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作/句型转换
(1)I am partly responsible 　　　　　　　the confusion.
(2)It’s my 　　 　　　(responsible) to take good care of my family.
(3)你应对自己的行为负责。
You should ________ ____________ ________ your own behaviour.
(4)根据计划,你将对项目承担全部的责任。
According to the plan,you’ll have to _____________ _____ ______________ ________the project.
(5)She must take the responsibility for the company after her husband died.
→She must _____ ___________ ______ the company after her husband died.
for
responsibility
be responsible for
have/take/bear full responsibility
for
be responsible for
8.assess vt.评价;估价;估计,评估
(1)assess sth at...估价……为……
(2)assessment n.评定;估价
make an assessment of 评估
【佳句背诵】It’s difficult to make an assessment of the effects of these changes.[议论文]
这些变化带来的影响难以评估。
【即学即练】语境辨义/单句写作
(1)We are trying to assess how well the system works.　　　　
(2)Damage to the building was assessed at ￡40,000.　　　　
(3)这条项链估价为一万元。
The necklace ______ _________ ________ 10,000 yuan.
(4)他目前在关注评估和发展。
He is currently focusing on ___________ ______ ____________.
评估
估价
is assessed at
assessment and development
9.worthy adj.有价值的;值得尊敬的
(2)worth adj.(指行动)值得,有价值 n.价值
be worth doing值得被做
(3)worthwhile adj.重要的;令人愉快的;有趣的;值得花时间(或花钱、努力等)的
it is worthwhile doing/to do sth值得(花时间或花钱、努力等)做某事
【佳句背诵】Your research project is of great worth.[感谢信]
你的研究项目很有价值。
I’m trying to find a worthwhile job.[求职信]
我正试图去找一份值得做的工作。
Your efforts are worthy of our praise.[感谢信]
你的努力值得我们的赞扬。
Now that you are interested in traditional Chinese culture,I think this festival is well worthy of being experienced/to be experienced.
=Now that you are interested in traditional Chinese culture,I think this festival is well worth experiencing.[推荐信]
既然你对传统的中国文化感兴趣,我认为这个节日很值得你体验。
【即学即练】选词填空:worthwhile,worth,worthy/句型转换/一句多译
(1)The film is so moving that it is 　　　　　seeing again.
(2)His achievements are 　　　　　　of record.
(3)It is 　　 　　　to include really high-quality illustrations.
(4)The question is not worth discussing.
→The question is not ________ ________ ________ __________.
这座古建筑值得保护。
→(5) 　 (worth)
→(6) 　 (worthy)
worth
worthy
worthwhile
worthy of being discussed
The old building is worth protecting.
The old building is worthy of being protected/to be protected.
10.approve v.赞成;赞许;批准
(1)approval n.赞成,同意
with one’s approval 经某人同意
without (one’s) approval 未经(某人)许可
(2)approving adj.赞成的,同意的
(3)disapprove v.不赞成,不同意
approve/disapprove of sb/sth 赞成/不赞成某人/某事
【佳句背诵】His mother leaned forward and gave him an approving look.[人物描写]
他的母亲探身向前,对他投以赞许的目光。
Some people disapprove of the idea.[议论文]
有些人不赞成这个主意。
I can hardly approve of this argument.[议论文]
我很难赞成这个论点。
You may not decorate the flat without the landlord’s approval.[建议信]
未经房东同意,你不可以装修公寓。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)Step-parents need to win a child’s 　　　　　(approve).
(2)We can’t approve 　　　　　things of this sort.
(3)我女儿不赞成我到这里来。
My daughter doesn’t __________ ________ me/my coming here.
(4)我们取得父母同意后去参加聚会。
We went to the party ________ ________ _________ ________.
(5)你的决定很好,我赞同它。
Your decision is good,and ________ ________ ________ ________.
approval
of
approve of
with our parents’ approval
I approve of it
11.urge vt.强烈要求;敦促
(1)urge sb to do sth 敦促某人做某事
urge sb on 激励/鼓励某人
urge that...(should) do...敦促……
(2)urgent adj.紧急的;急迫的
(3)urgency n.紧急
【佳句背诵】He says the matter is urgent.[人物描写]
他说这件事很紧急。
He urged me to go there,but I refused.[人物描写]
他力劝我去那里,但我拒绝了。
She urged me on as I run past.[人物描写]
她在我跑过去时鼓励了我。
Students urged that the library (should) be kept open during the weekends.
[建议信]
学生们极力主张图书馆周末开放。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/一句多译
(1)They urged that the Science Museum 　　　　　　　 (keep) open during the vacation.
(2)He urged me 　　　　　　　(accept) his suggestion.
(3)We should constantly urge ourselves 　　　　　(study) hard.
(4)I am sorry to burst in on you like this,but I have an 　　　　　　　(urge) message.
(5)In case of　　　　　 (urge),call the police.
他要求我们立即采取行动。
→(6)
→(7) 　 (that从句)
(should) be kept
to accept
to study
urgent
urgency
He urged us to take immediate action.
He urged that we (should) take immediate action.
12.owe...to...有……是由于;把……归功于
(1)owe v.亏欠;欠债;归功于;感恩
owe sb sth=owe sth to sb 欠某人某物
(2)owing to 因为;由于
【佳句背诵】She still owes ￡3,000 to her father.[人物描写]
她还欠她爸爸3 000英镑。
Thanks for sticking up for me.I owe you a favour.[感谢信]
谢谢你支持我。我欠你一个人情。
Owing to the bad weather,the flight was delayed for a couple of hours.[活动介绍]
由于天气恶劣,航班延误了好几个小时。
【温馨提示】
如果owe的宾语是动词不定式或名词性从句,可使用owe it to sb to do/that...结构。
We owe it to society to make our country a better place.
把我们的国家建设得更美好是我们对社会应尽的责任。
【即学即练】语境辨义/单句写作
(1)I owe my wife and children a lot.　　　　
(2)We owe this discovery to Newton.　 　　　
(3)You can take your time to pay the debts you owe me.　　　　
(4)不管怎样,你该给父母写封信了。
You ________ ________ ________ _______ ________anyway.
(5)多亏你,我才得以及时完成这个项目。
I ________ ______ ______ _______ _______ I finished the project in time.
亏欠
把……归功于
欠债
owe your parents a letter
owe it to you that
多义词汇——自主练透
Ⅰ.一词多义
rank
A.v.属于某等级　B.n.行;排　C.v.把……分等级　D.n.等级
1.People have put Qian Zhongshu in the top rank of modern novelists.　　
2.Take the taxi at the head of the rank.　　
3.During the spread of the epidemic,our town ranks among the safest areas.
　　
4.Since the 1930s,cancer has always been ranked as the disease people are most concerned about.　　
D
B
A
C
Ⅱ.教材熟词生义
objective
项目 意义 例句
熟义 adj.　　　　　　 I believe that a journalist should be completely objective.
生义 n.　　　　　　 In this sentence,reading is used as the objective.
n.　　　　　　 Managers should set specific performance objectives for their teams.
客观的
宾语
目标,目的
重点句式——多维剖析
1.it作形式主语
【教材原句】It seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding.
现在看来,我们如何获得知识和理解是显而易见的。
(1)此句中,It作形式主语,后面how引导的从句为真正的主语。
(2)it作形式主语的句型还有:
①it+be+形容词(possible,strange,natural,important...)+that从句
②it+be+动词的过去分词(said,thought,believed,supposed,reported...)+that从句
③it+不及物动词(seem,occur,happen...)+that从句
④it+be+名词短语(a pity,a fact,a wonder,an honour,an idea,no wonder...)+that从句
【佳句背诵】It is strange that nobody knows where he has gone.[人物描写]
很奇怪,没有人知道他去哪儿了。
It is reported that the fall of the landslide has caused two hundred deaths.[活动介绍]
据报道,山体滑坡已致200人死亡。
It happened that we were all out that day.[活动介绍]
碰巧,那天我们都不在家。
It is a pity that you didn’t attend the party last night.[邀请信]
很遗憾,你昨天晚上没有参加聚会。
【即学即练】单句写作/句型转换
(1)据说,海盗把他们的财宝藏在了这个岛上。
　　　 　　　 　　 　　 　　　 　 the pirates buried their treasure on this island.
(2)多阅读对你来说似乎是个好主意。
It ________ ________ ________ a good idea that you do more reading.
(3)Obviously,he doesn’t want to spend too much money.
→______ _____ ________ _______he doesn’t want to spend too much money.
It is said that
seems to be
It is obvious that
(4)That our team has won the game is no surprise.
→____ _____ _____ __________ ______our team has won the game.
(5)That we are invited to a concert this evening is good news to us.
→_____ ______ ________ _________ ________ ________ ________we are invited to a concert this evening.
It is no surprise that
It is good news to us that
2.with复合结构
【教材原句】At that time,people believed more in the church than in facts,and people like Galileo Galilei (1564—1642),who proved the idea that “the Earth is not the centre of the universe”,were often punished by the church with no one coming to their defence.
当时,人们更相信教会而不是事实,像伽利略·伽利莱(1564—1642)这样证明了“地球不是宇宙的中心”观点的人,经常被教会惩罚,没有人为他们辩护。
(1)这是由并列连词and连接的并列句。后面句子的主语是people,谓语是were punished,like介词短语作定语修饰主语people,who引导非限制性定语从句修饰Galileo Galilei,with no one coming to their defence 是“with+名词+doing”的形式,在句中作状语。
(2)with复合结构由“with+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。
(3)用作宾语补足语的常有形容词、副词、名词、介词短语和非谓语动词。
【佳句背诵】She likes to sleep with the windows open.[人物描写]
她喜欢开着窗户睡觉。(形容词作宾语补足语)
He left the classroom with the lights on.[活动描写]
他开着灯离开了教室。(副词作宾语补足语)
He died with his daughter a schoolgirl.[人物介绍]
他去世时,他的女儿还是个学生。(名词作宾语补足语)
Don’t stand with your hands in your pockets.[建议信]
站着的时候别把双手插在口袋里。(介词短语作宾语补足语)
With everything done,we went home.[活动介绍]
把所有的事做完以后,我们就回家了。(过去分词作宾语补足语)
With so much homework to do,he had to stay at home.[活动描写]
有如此多的作业要做,他不得不留在家里。(不定式作宾语补足语)
【即学即练】单句语法填空/句型转换
(1)With everything 　　　　　(do),he slept the whole afternoon.
(2)The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog
　　　　　(follow) them.
(3)John received an invitation to dinner,and with his work 　　　 　(finish),
he gladly accepted it.
(4)I could hardly put my heart into my lessons with that noise 　　　　　(go) on outside.
(5)You have no idea how she finished the race with her foot 　　 　(wound) so much.
done
following
finished
going
wounded
(6)Because our lessons were over,we went to play football.
→________ ________ ________ ________,we went to play football.
(7)As time goes on,computers become smaller and smaller.
→________ ________ ________ ________,computers become smaller and smaller.
With our lessons over
With time going on
3.even though引导让步状语从句
【教材原句】But even though Aristotle was a great man who inspired many great scientists and philosophers after him,he was wrong at times.
但是,尽管亚里士多德是一个伟大的人,激励了他之后的许多伟大的科学家和哲学家,他有时也有错。
(1)even if=even though,引导让步状语从句。当主句为一般将来时态时,even if/though引导的让步状语从句应用一般现在时态。
(2)as if/as though表示“好像”,引导方式状语从句或表语从句,引导表语从句时经常用虚拟语气。
【佳句背诵】Even if we know it’s nearly impossible that we’ll beat them,we will still struggle for it.[活动描写]
即使我们知道赢他们几乎是不可能的,但我们仍将为之奋斗。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)Even if something unexpected 　　　　　(happen),I’ll never feel frustrated.
(2)My grandfather,who is already aged sixty,plays tennis as though he
　　　　　　(be) eighteen years old.
(3)因此,即使今天的排放量开始减少,我们仍将面临适应气候变化的挑战。
So ________ ________________ emissions were to begin to decrease today, we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate change.
happens
were
even if/though
本 课 结 束