北师版（2019）选择性必修第一册UNIT 2 Success　LESSON 2 & LESSON 3课件(共94张PPT)

(共94张PPT)
UNIT 2　SUCCESS
Section B　LESSON 2 & LESSON 3
Part 1　Reading comprehension
Part 2　Language points
目录索引
Part 3　Grammar
Part 1　Reading comprehension
第一步速读课文 理清脉络
Activity 1　What is the article about
A.It tells a story of an athlete and the sacrifices she makes for her spot.
B.The Olympic athletes.
C.How to become a professional athlete.
D.People’s opinions about athletes.
答案 A
Activity 2　Read the text and then match the main idea with each paragraph.
1.Para.1　 A.Her reactions to their worries.
2.Para.2　 B.Her friends’ worries.
3.Para.3　 C.Totally committed to sports.
4.Para.4　 D.The countless things she misses.
5.Para.5　 E.Willing to do what should be done as athletes.
6.Para.6　 F.Doing little extra thing in preparation.
7.Para.7　 G.The fears she faces daily.
8.Para.8　 H.Born with enormous amounts of drive and determination.
第二步精读课文 领悟细节
Activity 3　阅读文章,选出最佳选项。
1.What did the author’s friend worry about
A.The author pushed herself to the limits too little.
B.There was no good reason for giving up so much.
C.There were only medals in the author’s eyes.
D.The author missed so many birthday parties and holidays.
答案 C
2.What was one of the fears the author faced
A.Reasons for pushing the limits.
B.Her competitors’ efforts.
C.Class work at school.
D.Her friend’s worries.
答案 A
3.What would the author do when she was young
A.Go out and play.
B.Play pool games.
C.Take buses alone.
D.Take holidays often.
4.What should a professional athlete be
A.Determined.　　　　B.Worried.
C.Cheerful. D.Careful.
答案 C
答案 A
Activity 4　思考分享 提升思维
1.Do you like sports Why
2.Who is your favourite athlete Tell more about him/her.
The answer is open.
The answer is open.
Activity 5　诵读佳句 学练写作
1.Read the passage carefully and find the sentence(s) describing the author as a professional athlete.
2.Read the passage carefully and find the sentence(s) describing how to become an Olympic champion.
(1)I was pushing the limits and extremes beyond what most thought were healthy.
(2)These are the fears I face as a professional athlete on a day-to-day basis.
If you want to be an Olympic champion,it’s all about that little extra thing you have done in your preparation that will set you apart from your competitors.
第三步深读课文 融会提能
Activity 6　长难句分析
1.It is certainly not a balanced way to live and it is certainly not normal but those words are generally not used for anyone who is striving for greatness.
[句式分析]
It is certainly not a balanced way to live and it is certainly not normal but those words are generally not used for anyone who is striving for greatness.
并列连词
引导定语从句
[尝试翻译]
这当然不是一种平衡的生活方式,当然也是不正常的,但这些词通常是不会用来形容追求伟大的人的。
2.Call it unhealthy if you want,but that is the way I roll,no matter what it is I’m applying myself to.
[句式分析]
Call it unhealthy if you want,but that is the way I roll,no matter what it is I’m applying myself to.
引导条件状语从句
并列连词
定语从句
引导让步状语从句
[尝试翻译]
你若说这是一种病态也行,但这就是我的做事风格,不管做什么我都会全力以赴。
Part 2　Language points
基础落实 必备知识全过关
重点单词
必记写作词汇
1.　　　　　 　adj.有影响力的
2.　　　　　 n.生产;产量
3.　　　　　 vt.拒绝接受
4.　　　　　 　vt.& n.限制,限定
5.　　　　　 n.极端
6.　　　　　 vt.毁掉,糟蹋,毁坏
7.　　　　　 　n.基本部分;要素
8.　　　　　 adj.自私的,自私自利的
influential　
production　
reject　
limit　
extreme
ruin　
element　
selfish　
9.　　　　　 n.牺牲
10.　　　　　 adj.无数的,数不尽的
11.　　　　　 vt.租用
12.　　　　　 vi.& vt.(使)沸腾,煮沸
13.　　　　　 adj.& adv.分开;散开
14.　　　　　 adj.受伤的
15.　　　　　 adj.杰出的,优秀的
16.　　　　　 adj.平庸的,普通的;平均的
n.平均水平;平均数
17.　　　　　 adj.正常的,平常的
sacrifice　
countless
hire　
boil　
apart　
injured　
outstanding
average　
normal
识记阅读词汇
1.hybrid n.　　　　　　　　
adj. 　　　　　　　　
2.minimum n. 　　 　　　　　　
3.championship n. 　　　 　　　　　
4.publisher n. 　　　　　　　　
5.contract n. 　　　　　　　　
6.motivating adj. 　　　　　 　　　
7.distraction n. 　　　　　　　　
8.strive vi. 　　　　　　　　
杂交种;混合体　
杂交的　
最少量;最小数;最低限度
冠军称号,冠军地位　
出版商　
合同;契约　
起激励作用的;激发(人)的　
使人分心的事物　
努力;奋斗　
9.encyclopaedia n. 　　　　　　　　
10.entry n. 　　　　　　　　
11.academic adj. 　　　　　　　　
12.skip vt. 　　　 　　　　　
13.defensive adj. 　　　　　　　　
14.workout n. 　　　　　　　　
15.intensity n. 　　　　　　　　
16.triathlete n. 　　　　　　　　
17.enormous adj.　　　　　　　　　
18.rugby n. 　　　　　　　　
19.platform n. 　　　　　　　　
百科全书　
条目　
学术的　
不做(本来应做的事);蹦跳着走　
戒备的,自卫的　
训练,锻炼　
强度;强烈
铁人三项运动员　
巨大的,庞大的　
(英式) 橄榄球　
舞台;月台
串记拓展词汇
1.　　　　　 vt.把……奉献给;专心致力于→　　　　　 n.奉献;忠心;热爱,投入
2.　　　　　 vt.说服;使确信→　　 　　　 adj.使人信服的,令人心悦诚服的,有力的→　　　　　 adj.确信的;有坚定信仰的
3.　　　　　 n.长度→　　　　　 adj.长的→　　　　　 vt.加长,使变长
devote
devotion　
convince
convincing
convinced
length
long
lengthen
【掌握构词规律　快速记牢单词】
-tion构成的名词
名词后缀-tion来源于古法语、法语或拉丁语,表示“行为”,这个后缀的引申义有“行为的过程,结果,情况,性质,状态,动作”,当后缀-ion在基础词后面或遇到-t或-te后,变形成了后缀-tion。如:
distract→distraction 分心
distribute→distribution 分发
consult→consultation 咨询
operate→operation 操作;运转
cooperate→cooperation 合作
重点短语
1.　　　　　　　　　　　致力于
2.boil down to sth 　　　　　　　
3.apply oneself to sth 　　 　　　　　
4.set sb/sth apart 　　　　　　　
5.stay in 　　　　　　　
devote...to　
归结为;要点是　
努力;专心致志于某事　
使与众不同　
待在家里
要点探究 能力素养全提升
、
基础词汇——语境记忆
1.reject vt.拒绝接受
【佳句背诵】I’ve been rejected by all the universities I applied to.[申请信]
我申请的所有大学都拒绝了我。
2.distraction n.使人分心的事物
【佳句背诵】I find it hard to work at home because there are too many distractions.[工作生活]
我发现在家工作很难,因为有很多让我分心的事情。
.、
高频词汇——讲练互动
1.influential adj.有影响力的,有权势的
influence v.影响;感染　n.影响力;影响;权势;势力;有影响的人(或事物)
have an influence on/upon 对……有影响
【佳句背诵】She is one of the most influential figures in local politics.[人物介绍]
她是本地政坛一位举足轻重的人物之一。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)To test the effect of social influence 　　　　　eating habits,the researchers conducted two experiments.
(2)他是20世纪初具有影响力的人物。
He is an 　　　　　figure in the early 20th-century.
(3)学校生活对小孩个性的形成有很大影响。
School life has a great influence 　　　　　the formation of a child’s character.
on　
influential　
on/upon
2.devote v.把……献给;专心致力于
(1)devote oneself to 献身于……;专心于……
devote one’s time/life/energy to 致力于
be devoted to (doing) sth 献身于(做)某事;专心于(做)某事
(2)devotion n.挚爱,关爱,关照;奉献
(3)devoted adj.忠诚的;挚爱的
a good wife and devoted mother 贤妻良母
【佳句背诵】He’s devoted his whole life to the protection of the rare animals.[人物介绍]
他为保护珍稀动物奉献终生。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)After retiring, he will devote himself to 　　　　　　　(garden).
(2)十年里,她致力于要成为世界上最好的游泳运动员之一。
For ten years she 　　　　 　　　　　 　　　 　 　　　　 one of the world’s best swimmers.
(3)他一心扑在研究上,几乎忘记了自己的一切。
　 　　 　　　　　 　　　his research,he almost forgot everything about himself.
(4)我们感谢他为这一项目花费的时间和金钱。
We appreciated his ________ _______ _________ ________ _________to the project.
gardening　
devoted herself to becoming
Devoted himself to　
devotion of time and money
3.limit v.限制,限定　n.限制,限定;界限;限度
(1)go beyond/over the limit 超过限度
within limits 在一定程度内
set a limit to sth 对某事(物)加以限制
limit...to... 把……限定在……范围内
(2)limited adj. 有限(制)的
be limited to sth 受限于某事
【佳句背诵】I’ll help as much as I can, but there is a limit to what I can do.[人物介绍]
我会尽力帮忙,但我所能做的也是有限的。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)But our funds were 　　　　　(limit),and none of the houses in our price range seemed satisfactory.
(2)所有发言都将被限定在十分钟内。
All speeches　　　　　 ________ _________ _________ 10 minutes.
(3)我认为你应该限制你丈夫吸烟的数量。
I think you should 　　　 ________ _________ _____ ___________ your husband smokes.
(4)孩子的想象力是无限的。
There is 　　　 ________ to the children’s imagination.
limited　
will be limited to
limit the number of cigarettes　
no limit
(5)如果你想保持健康,你每天最多喝两杯酒。
　　　 　　　　　 　 　　　　 no more than two glasses of alcohol each day if you want to stay healthy.
Limit yourself to
4.convince vt.说服;使确信
(1)convince sb of sth 使某人相信某事
convince sb to do sth 说服某人做某事
convince sb+that从句　使某人确信……
(2)convinced adj.坚定不移的;有坚定信仰的
be convinced of sth/that 相信……
(3)convincing adj.令人信服的
【佳句背诵】I don’t believe what you said,but if you can prove it,you may be able to convince me.[人物介绍]
我不相信你所说的,但是如果你能证明它,也许你能够说服我。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)We were able to convince the students 　　　　　the need for wide reading.
(2)我确信自己的推理正确。
I ________ ___________ _________ the truth of my reasoning.
(3)由于深信数据准确无误,他们坚持自己的意见。
　 　　 　　　　　the accuracy of the data,they stuck to their opinion.
of
am convinced of
Convinced of
(4)迄今为止还没有令人信服的证据表明外太空有生命存在。
So far there is no 　　　　　evidence that there exists life in outer space.
(5)相信政府可以带领他们走出金融危机,人们对国家的未来感到乐观。
Truly 　　　　　that the government can lead them out of the financial crisis,people are optimistic about the future of the country.
convincing　
convinced
5.ruin vt.糟蹋;毁坏;(使)颠覆　n.毁灭;废墟(常用复数),遗迹;残余
in ruins 成为废墟
bring sb to ruin 使某人失败; 使某人倾家荡产
bring ruin upon oneself 自取灭亡
come/fall/go to ruin 毁灭,灭亡; 崩溃; 破坏掉
be the ruin of 成为……毁灭/堕落的原因
ruin oneself 毁掉自己
【佳句背诵】Don’t let negativity ruin your motivation.[个人观点]
不要让消极情绪毁了你的动力。
【词语辨析】ruin,damage与destroy
(1)ruin指经过长时间的侵蚀而毁坏,通常暗指无可挽回的伤害,但并不一定指完全毁灭。它也可用来表示抽象概念。
(2)damage是程度较小的“破坏”“损坏”,一般指被破坏的物品可以修复。
(3)destroy指彻底的摧毁、毁坏;它也可用于损坏抽象的东西,如名誉、计划等。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)The houses on the seaward side of the road were all in 　　　　　(ruin).
(2)飓风中受损的房子已经修好。
Houses 　　　　 　　　 　 　　 　 　　　　　have been repaired.
(3)地震之后,那座古建筑成了一片废墟。
After the earthquake,the ancient building was 　　　　 　　　　　　.
(4)雨下得很大,我的新鞋在泥里被毁坏了。
It rained heavily and my new shoes 　　　　　 　　　　　in the mud.
ruins　
damaged in the hurricane
in ruins
were ruined
6.sacrifice n.牺牲;祭品;供奉　v.牺牲;供奉;献祭
sacrifice...for 为……而牺牲……
at the sacrifice of 以牺牲……为代价
make a sacrifice for 为……付出代价
【佳句背诵】Jennifer sacrificed to achieve her goal,giving up many nights with her kids...[人物介绍]
珍妮弗为了实现自己的目标做出了牺牲,放弃了和孩子们共度的许多夜晚……
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)She made 　　　　　big sacrifice for her position today.
(2)他为了照顾残疾女儿牺牲了有前途的事业。
He 　　　　　a promising career to look after his handicapped daughter.
(3)你为财富牺牲健康是不值得的。
It’s not worth __________ _________ _________ _________wealth.
(4)他为了救那个孩子而牺牲了自己的生命。
He saved the child 　　 　　 　 　　　 　　 　　　　his life.
a
sacrificed　
sacrificing your health for
at the sacrifice of
7.countless adj.无数的,数不尽的
(1)count vt.计算; 认为　vi.(按顺序)数数;重要　n.数出总数; 论点,观点
count on 依靠; 依赖
(2)countable adj.可数的
【佳句背诵】There are countless stars in the sky.[情景描写]
天上有无数的星星。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)The whole team 　　　　　(count) on Cristiano Ronaldo,and he seldom lets them down.
(2)森林中有数不清的树。
There were 　　 　　　trees in the forest.
(3)在一段良好的关系中,真正重要的是那些小事。
In a good relationship,it’s really the little things that 　　　　　.
(4)那是父亲第一次在危急时刻依赖我。
That was the first time that Dad ________ _________ _________ me in a moment of emergency.
counts　
countless　
count　
had counted on
8.boil vi.& vt.(使)沸腾,煮沸;激动
boil away 使(某物)烧干;蒸发;沸腾
boil down 煮浓
boil down to sth 归结为;要点是
【佳句背诵】The advice they gave him boiled down to this:he should take care of his own health.[建议信]
他们给他的建议可归结为:他应该注意自己的健康。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)The water in the kettle had all 　　　　　(boil) away.
(2)我们把这些问题归结为一点。
We ________ _________ _________ these questions to one point.
(3)请把鱼汤烧得浓一点。
Please 　　　　 　　　　　　the fish soup.
boiled　
boil down to
boil down
9.stay in 待在家里;固定……位置上不动;(火焰等)继续燃烧
stay at 停留在……;住在……
stay away (from) 与……保持距离,缺席
stay out 待在户外
【佳句背诵】I’ll stay at the bus stop while you go to see if there’s a bus coming.[个人观点]
你去看看有没有公交车驶来,我留在公交车站等着。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)Why don’t you stay 　　　　　if you don’t like us
(2)他们成功地说服了我留在家里。
They succeeded in persuading me to 　　　　 　　　　　　home.
(3)你为什么一次缺几个星期的课
Why did you 　　　　　 　　　　　from school for weeks at a time
(4)他们在外边待那么长时间不太寻常。
It’s unusual for them to 　　　　　 　　　　　so long.
away　
stay at　
stay away
stay out
10.apply oneself to sth 努力;专心致志于某事
(1)apply vt.涂,敷;应用,运用　vi.申请;应用,使用;适用
apply for 申请,请求
apply (to sb) for... (向某人)申请……
apply...to... 把……运用到……中去;将……涂抹到……上面
(2)applicant n.申请人
(3)applied adj.应用的;实用的
applied science应用科学
(4)application n.申请;应用
a letter of application 一份求职信
【佳句背诵】You should apply for the position immediately,in person or by letter.[工作生活]
你应该立即申请这一职位,或者亲自去,或者写信。
【即学即练】用apply的适当形式填空/单句写作
(1)My brother is one of the many 　　　　　for the job.
(2)You must 　　　　　for a passport before going abroad.
(3)The new invention should be widely 　　　　　to practice.
(4)I sent a letter of 　　 　　　last week,but I haven’t received a reply so far.
(5)It’s hard 　　　　　　　yourself to some dull work.
(6)现在,研究人员正在将科学方法应用于艺术的普遍性研究中去。
Now researchers are _________ __________ _________ _________the study of the universality of art.
applicants　
apply　
applied　
application
to apply　
applying scientific methods to
11.set...apart 使与众不同
apart from 除……之外
fall apart 土崩瓦解
far/wide apart 离得很远
joking apart 别说笑话; 认真地说; 说正经的
take...apart 把……拆开
tell...apart 区分; 分辨(两种事物)
【佳句背诵】His use of language sets him apart from most other modern writers.[语言学习]
他对语言的运用在现代作家中别具一格。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)His promising career began to fall 　　 　　　.
(2)他除了脾气坏之外,倒是个好人。
He is a good man 　　　　 　　　　　his bad temper.
(3)她不同寻常的生活方式使她与众不同。
Her unusual lifestyle 　　　　 　　 　 　　　　　 .
apart　
apart from
sets her apart
12.average adj.平庸的,普通的;平凡的;平均的,一般的　n.平均水平;平均数;平均,均分
on (an/the) average 平均
with an average of 平均为
above average 在一般水平以上,中上; 在平均数以上
below average 在一般水平以下,中下; 在平均数以下
be up to the average 达到一般水平
【佳句背诵】They could walk at an average speed.[人物描写]
他们可以以平均速度行走。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)We received 20 calls a day 　　　　　average.
(2)我女儿上次考试得了136分,远在平均水平以上。
My daughter got a score of 136 in the last exam,a mark ________ _________ _________ .
(3)我们向你收取的租金远远低于城市平均水平。
The rent we charge you is well 　　　　　 　　　　　in the city.
on
well above
average　
below average
(4)我们5个小时走了20千米,换句话说,我们的平均速度是每小时4千米。
We covered 20 kilometres in five hours.In other words,our ________ _______　　　　 　　　　 is 4 kilometres per hour.
(5)这个城市的平均房价增长了近30%,达到每平方米9 000元以上。
The 　　　　　 　　　　　of houses in this city has increased by nearly 30%,reaching over 9,000 yuan a square metre.
average speed
average price
13.normal adj.正常的,平常的
ordinary,common,regular,normal,usual与general
(1)ordinary指人或物符合一般标准,并无非凡或独特之处。in the ordinary way就通常情况而言;out of the ordinary不平常的,非凡的,例外的。
(2)common多用于表示“常见的,经常发生的”。common sense/knowledge常识;have a lot/nothing in common with sb与某人相同/不同。
(3)regular指符合常规的、有规律的,暗示没有意外发生或不稳定的情况。
(4)normal指“正常的,通常的”,指人或物符合常态、常规。come back/return to normal恢复正常;above/below normal在正常水平之上/下。
(5)usual指“通常的,往常的”,含有一贯如此、并不新奇之意。as usual像往常一样;than usual比平常……。
(6)general指“一般的,普遍的”,含“几乎没有例外”之意。in general总体来说。
【佳句背诵】It’s normal to feel tired after such a long trip.[旅行生活]
经过如此长的旅行感到疲惫是正常的。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)At one time,she is fine,but at another,she is 　　　　　　(normal).
(2)和许多人一样,和流行音乐相比,他更喜欢古典音乐。
　　　 　　　　　 　 　　　　 many people, he prefers classical music to pop music.
(3)她身体好,主要原因是饮食得当以及定期运动。
Her good health is chiefly due to a proper diet and 　　　　　exercise.
(4)一般说来,我喜欢喜剧甚于悲剧。
　　　　 　　　　　　,I prefer a comedy to a tragedy.
(5)她的体温比正常标准高两度。
Her temperature is two degrees 　　　　　 　　　　　.
abnormal　
In common with
regular
In general　
above normal
、
多义词汇——自主练透
Ⅰ.一词多义
1.contract
A.n.合同;契约
B.v.签合同;感染(疾病)
①He contracted AIDS from a blood transfusion.　　
②I’m not a permanent employee;I’m working here on a fixed-term contract.　　
③We have a contract with the government for the supply of vehicles.　　
④ Having contracted with them to do the repairs,we cannot withdraw now.　　
B
A
A
B
2.entry
A.n.进入　B.n.入口　C.n.条目　D.n.参加比赛的人/物
①This painting is my entry for the art competition.　　
②Several robbers had forced an entry into the hall.　　
③A pocket dictionary doesn’t contain enough entries.　　
④You can leave your luggage in the entry so that we can pick it up.　　
D
A
C
B
Ⅱ.教材熟词生义
skip
项目 意义 例句
熟义 v.　　　　　　　　　 She skipped happily along beside me.
生义 v.　　　　 Mrs Green is watching the children skipping in the playground.
v.　　　　　　　　　　　 I often skip breakfast altogether.
蹦跳着走
跳绳
不做(本来应该做的事)
、
重点句式——多维剖析
1.there is a good reason (to be/for) ……有充足的理由
【教材原句】As one of the Olympic athletes,I miss birthday parties,ruin family holidays and skip nights out,but there is a very good reason for giving up so much.
作为奥运选手之一,我错过了生日派对,破坏了家庭假日,错过了夜晚外出,但我有充分的理由放弃这么多。
there is no reason (to be/for)没有理由……
【佳句背诵】I was a bit nervous before I arrived here,but there was no reason to be (nervous).[心理描写]
在到这儿之前,我有点紧张,但是没有理由紧张。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)I think there was no reason 　　　　　(be) afraid.
(2)另一方面,如果一个人不喜欢读书,一年四季都有不读书的充足理由。
On the other hand,________ _____ _____ ______ _________ __________　　　　 　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　not doing any reading in any of the seasons of the year, if one does not like reading.
(3)我已经告诉你们三次了,没有理由迟到。
I have told you three times that ______ _____ _______ _________ _____ _____late.
to be
there is a good reason for
there is no reason to
be
2.could have done 本能够做……
【教材原句】I could have become angry or defensive.
我本可以变得愤怒或为自己辩护。
(1)在英语的委婉语的表达中,如果暗含可能之意时,往往用could/might have done 的形式,表示“本可能做某事而实际上没有做”。其否定形式could/might not have done表示“本不可能做某事而实际上已经做了某事”。
(2)在英语的委婉语的表达中,如果暗含责备之意时,往往用should have done的形式,表示“本该做某事而实际上没有做”。其否定形式shouldn’t have done表示“本不该做某事而实际上已经做了”。
(3)在英语的委婉语的表达中,如果暗含劝告之意时,往往用need have done的形式,表示“本有必要做某事而实际上没有做”。其否定形式needn’t have done表示“本没有必要做某事而实际上已经做了某事”。didn’t have to do表示“过去本没有必要做而实际上也没有做”。
【佳句背诵】He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he could have expressed it differently.[人物描写]
他并不后悔说出做过的事,只是觉得本可以用另一种方式来说。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)Mark needn’t 　　　　　　　　　　(hurry).After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.
(2)他花钱买了座位,而他本来可以免费进去的。
He paid for a seat,when he ________ _________ _________ _________.
(3)她原本不必匆忙的,时间充裕得很。
There was plenty of time.She ________ _________ _________ .
(4)你让我急死了。你不该一句话不说就离开家。
I was really anxious about you.You ________ _________ _________ home without a word.
have hurried　
could have entered free
needn’t have hurried
shouldn’t have left　
(5)昨天的聚会挺好玩的。你本该来的,但为什么没来
There was a lot of fun at yesterday’s party.You ________ _________ _________ ,but why didn’t you
should have
come
Part 3　Grammar
语法冲关 语言规则全理清
情景导入
冠词
阅读下面短文,体会句中黑体部分的用法。
Tom,a①classmate of mine,is a② Lei Feng in our class,who is always ready to help others.Henry,whose father is a teacher,is considered to be the③ most diligent student in our class,who is the④ first one to get to school and the⑤last one to leave every day.He believes the harder you study,the more knowledge you’ll get.Tom likes watching TV while Henry enjoys listening to the⑥ radio.Both of them are working for the⑦ Students’ Union.They are of an⑧ age.
【语法感悟】
1.使用不定冠词的情况:
(1)泛指“一个”,如　　　　　;
(2) 指与某人或某物有类似性质的人或事物,如　　　　　;
(3)表示“同一,相同”,如　　　　　。
2.使用定冠词的情况:
(1)根据　　　　　可知定冠词the可用在序数词或表示序列的next,last以及最高级前;
(2)根据　　　　　可知定冠词the可用在固定搭配中。
①
②
⑧
③④⑤
⑥⑦
语法精讲
一、不定冠词a/an的主要用法
序号 使用场合 例句
1 具有泛指的概念,表示“一类”或“其中的一个” In my opinion,it’s necessary to take a ten-minute break between classes.Otherwise we will feel tired both physically and mentally.在我看来,课间休息十分钟是必要的。否则我们会在身体和心理上都感到疲惫。
序号 使用场合 例句
2 初次提到某人或某物 Last week our class organised an activity to thank our teachers before graduation.上周我们班在毕业前组织了一场感谢我们老师的活动。
3 用在速度、比率、价格等前面 You can buy second-hand books at a low price in one of our school clubs.你可以在我校一个社团低价买到二手书。
序号 使用场合 例句
4 用在某些不可数名词前,使该不可数名词可数化 Would you like a coffee or a tea 你想喝一杯咖啡还是茶
On half way to our destination,we were caught in a heavy rain,but we still went on.去目的地的半路上我们遇到了一场大雨,但是我们仍然前行。
5 用在某些抽象名词前,使该抽象名词具体化 He has a good knowledge of chemistry.他精通化学。
No matter how/However tough the task is,there is no doubt that we will overcome all the difficulties and win a complete success.无论任务多么艰巨,毫无疑问我们会克服所有的困难取得圆满成功。
序号 使用场合 例句
6 用在专有名词前,表示类似的一个或某一个 He is a Jiao Yulu.他是一个焦裕禄式的人物。
A Mr Smith wishes to speak to you.一个叫史密斯先生的人想和你说话。
7 表示“同一个” The two boys are of an age.两个男孩同岁。
These classrooms are of a (=the same) size.这些教室大小一样。
序号 使用场合 例句
8 不定冠词的特殊位置:how/so/as/too+形容词+不定冠词+名词 Never will you meet so kind a teacher(= such a kind teacher) like him.你绝不会遇到像他一样善良的老师。
Maths was too difficult a subject for me,so I chose to learn liberal arts.数学对我来说太难了,所以我选择文科。
序号 使用场合 例句
9 构成短语如a number of,a variety of,a great deal of,a large amount of, a lot of等 A wide variety of after-class activities will broaden our horizons,enrich our school life and make us relaxed.丰富多彩的课外活动能够让我们开阔眼
界,充实学校生活,还能使我们得到放松。
A number of students took part in the voluntary activity yesterday.昨天许多学生参加了志愿者活动。
10 名词前冠词a或an的使用取决于音素而非单词的首字母 a university一所大学
a European country一个欧洲国家
an hour一小时
an honest man一个诚实的人
常见带有a,an或one的短语:
all of a sudden突然
as a matter of fact事实上
in a hurry匆忙
in a word总之
do sb a favour帮某人一个忙
pay a visit to拜访
a handful of少量的
a length of一根,一段
a variety of各种各样的
an article of一件
a total of总共
an average of平均
one by one一个接一个
one after another一个接一个
one day (有)一天
80 km an hour每小时80千米
three times a day一天三次
a depth of深度为
【即学即练】用不定冠词a/an填空
(1)There is 　　　　　　“m” in the word “cream”.
(2)It’s 　　　　　　honour for me to give you an lecture here.
(3)　　　　　　 Mr Wang came to see you this morning.
(4)The man can run 20 kilometres 　　　　　hour.
(5)I don’t want to have words with you.I prefer to have 　　　　　　word with you.
an
an
A
an
a
二、定冠词the的主要用法
序号 使用场合 例句
1 表示特指和第二次提到的人或物 For one thing,it’s against the rules of the school.首先,这违反学校规定。
2 表示世界上独一无二的事物 The teacher told us that the earth turns round the sun.老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。
3 用在序数词或形容词最高级前面 He was the first man to think of it.他是第一个想到这一点的人。
序号 使用场合 例句
4 用在江河湖海、山脉、群岛、海峡、沙漠等地理名词前 England and France are connected by the English Channel.英吉利海峡连接英法两国。
5 用在形容词或过去分词前表示一类人 We are planning to visit the elderly in Chaoyang nursery home.我们计划去看望朝阳敬老院的老年人。
6 用在表示国家和民族的形容词前,泛指该国的人民 In order to encourage people to plant trees,the Chinese fixed March 12th as a day for planting trees.为了鼓励大家植树,中国人将3月12 日定为植树节。
序号 使用场合 例句
7 用在姓氏的复数前,表示该夫妇俩或全家人 Hearing Xiaoming was admitted to Peking University,the Zhangs jumped with joy.听到小明被北京大学录取,张家人欣喜若狂。
8 乐器、通信设备前一定要加定冠词 Peter likes playing football while I am fond of playing the piano.彼得喜欢踢足球,而我喜欢弹钢琴。
9 用于某些缩略词之前 the PRC中华人民共和国
10 用在表示发明物的单数可数名词之前 Do you know who invented the television 你知道是谁发明的电视机吗
常见带有定冠词的短语:
in the morning上午
on the other hand另一方面
by the hour按小时计算
in the 1990s在20世纪90年代
hit sb on the shoulder拍打某人的肩膀
【即学即练】冠词填空
(1)Unexpectedly,I’m face-to-face with the gorilla,who begins screaming at
　　　　　top of her lungs.
(2)The education of 　　　　　　young is always a hot and serious topic.
(3)Then,　　　　　 Smiths were listening to the boy who was playing
　　　　　piano.
(4)Marco Polo is said to have sailed on 　　　　　　Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in 　　　　　　thirteenth century.
the
the
the
the
the
the
三、零冠词的主要用法
序号 使用场合 例句
1 季节、节日(用day表示的节日)、星期、三餐(前面没有修饰词时)等之前,一般不加冠词 (festival表示的节日前加the) At noon we eat at the school dining hall,and enjoy talking with friends over lunch.
我们在学校食堂吃午餐,并可以在午餐期间和朋友们交谈。
There are a lot of activities at the beach in summer.夏天海滩上有很多活动。
Shall we go to visit our former teacher on Teachers’ Day 教师节那天我们去拜访以前的老师,好吗
序号 使用场合 例句
2 名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格等限定词修饰时,一般不加冠词 I’d like to attend English lectures,from which I can get more information on British and American culture.我想要参加英语讲座,从中我可以获得更多关于英美文化的信息。
3 专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词、人名、地名等名词前,一般不加冠词 Anxiety is a common problem among senior three students.焦虑是高三学生中普遍存在的问题。
序号 使用场合 例句
4 球类、棋类、学科等名称前,一般不加冠词 I have been learning English for 8 years and I have computer experience.我学英语八年了,而且有电脑经验。
On arriving there,we began working.Some were doing some cleaning,some were washing clothes for the elderly and others were playing chess and chatting with them.一到达那里,我们就开始劳动。一些人打扫卫生,一些人帮老人洗衣服,另一些人陪他们下棋聊天。
序号 使用场合 例句
5 称呼、头衔、职务等表示抽象性质的名词前,不加冠词 He was elected monitor of our class.他被选为我们班的班长。
6 在与by连用的交通工具名称前不加冠词 At two o’clock in the afternoon,we’ll gather at the school gate,after which we’ll set out for the destination by bus.下午两点,我们将在校门口集合,然后乘公交车去目的地。
序号 使用场合 例句
7 turn(变成、成为)后面的名词前不加冠词。但become后面的名词前一定要加冠词 My dream was to become a teacher when I grew up,but I turned writer 20 years later.我的梦想是长大后当老师,结果二十年后成了作家。
8 在一个以“普通名词+as”所引导的让步状语从句中,该普通名词前不加冠词 Child as he is, he knows a lot.他虽然是个孩子,却懂得很多。
Student as he is,he earns a lot of money by selling goods online.尽管他还是个学生,但他通过网上售货挣了很多钱。
序号 使用场合 例句
9 泛指的复数名词前不用冠词 Optional courses enable students to engage in what they are really interested in and what they are willing to devote to.选修课可以使学生们投入到自己真正感兴趣且愿意努力去做的事情上。
10 school、church、prison、hospital前不加冠词,表示抽象的概念 Our school is quite close to our home,so we could go to school together by bike.学校离我们家很近,所以我们可以一起骑自行车去上学。
序号 使用场合 例句
11 绝对不可数名词[如fun、news、information、word(消息)、advice、nature等]前不加冠词 We not only gain a well balanced life through going in for sports,but also get more chances to make more friends and stay closer to nature.通过体育锻炼,我们不仅能够拥有平衡的生活,而且有更多的机会去结交朋友,去接近大自然。
常见固定搭配:
in deep debt债台高筑
in good health身体安康
in good condition性能良好
in great demand急需
in great need of急需……
in time of danger危难之时
in office就职
in honour of为了纪念……
in trouble陷入麻烦
in favour of赞同……
with anger怒气冲天
in general一般来说
in size大小方面
in character在性格上
in sight在视野之内
in/out of order秩序井然/无序
on business出差
on holiday度假
on leave请假
on watch放哨
on fire失火
heart and soul全心全意
knife and fork刀叉
husband and wife夫妇
brother and sister兄弟姐妹
from morning till night从早到晚
on horseback骑马
at sea出海
【即学即练】单句写作/用适当的冠词填空
(1)他今天早上没有吃早饭。
He ________ _________ _________ _________this morning.
(2)令人惊奇的是,那个小女孩正在全神贯注地下棋。
Amazingly,　　　　　　 ________ _________ _________ ____________ _________ _________ .
(3)We can never expect 　　　　bluer sky unless we create 　　　　　less polluted world.
(4)It is 　　　　　common mistake for students to present something as a proven fact when it is actually 　　　　　opinion.
had nothing for breakfast
the little girl was playing
chess attentively
a
a
a
an
四、特殊情况
(一)有无冠词意义不同
序号 无冠词 有冠词
1 out of problem不成问题 out of the problem不可能
2 take place发生;举行 take the place代替
3 in hospital住院 in the hospital在医院里
4 at table在吃饭 at the table在餐桌旁
5 in front of在……前方 in the front of在……前部
6 three of us我们中的三个人 the three of us我们三个人
7 on earth究竟 on the earth在地球上
序号 无冠词 有冠词
8 lose colour脸色苍白 lose the colour褪色
9 of age成年 of an age同岁数
10 lose heart灰心 lose one’s heart爱上
11 go to school上学 go to the school去学校里
12 in charge of负责…… in the charge of由……负责
13 in control of控制…… in the control of由……控制
14 in possession of拥有…… in the possession of由……拥有
(二)用定冠词或不定冠词意义不同
序号 不定冠词 定冠词
1 a number of许多 the number of ……的数量
2 a second又一,再一 the second第二个
本 课 结 束