北师版（2019）选择性必修第一册UNIT 3 Conservation　TOPIC TALK & LESSON 1课件(共86张PPT)

(共86张PPT)
UNIT 3　CONSERVATION
Section A　TOPIC TALK & LESSON 1
素养导航 明目标
语言 能力 必背 单词
重点 短语
conservation destroy threat switch hunt
extinct urgent species varied decrease
affect endangered consumer aware anxious
destruction annoyed anger decade regular
suit involve cruel claim chemical
carve scenic historic
have a role do one’s part die out wipe out
be to blame be at risk set out stressed out
be related to for instance sum up
语言 能力 核心语法 限制性和非限制性定语从句
主题写作 观点对比类作文
文化 意识 了解环境保护的特点和健全措施 学会识别和实施环境保护措施
思维 品质 用科学的方式分析环境保护的特点 运用适当的方法解决本单元的学习问题 结合现实生活,体会应该怎样保护环境
学习 能力 熟练运用本单元的词汇及语言现象 根据单元内容适当调整学习策略 学会如何正确对待环境保护
Part 1　Reading comprehension
Part 2　Language points
目录索引
Part 3　Grammar
Part 1　Reading comprehension
第一步速读课文 理清脉络
Activity 1　What is the text type of the passage
A.Narration (记叙文).
B.Argumentative Essay (议论文).
C.Expository Writing (说明文).
D.News Report (新闻报道).
答案 C
Activity 2　阅读文章,完成表格。
including　
vary　
blame　
faster　
affected
balance　
way　
work　
Improve　
Stop
第二步精读课文 领悟细节
Activity 3　阅读文章,选出最佳选项。
1.What is one of the reasons for extinction
A.Sleep of volcanoes.
B.Changes in sea levels.
C.The increase of the oxygen.
D.The decrease in temperature.
答案 B
2.What are scientists mainly concerned about as to species’ dying out
A.Ages.　　　　　　B.Ways.
C.Numbers. D.Rates.
3.Why would we humans be at risk of dying out if 75% of all species on Earth die out
A.We will have no clean air or water.
B.We will kill all species for food.
C.We will have no factory farming.
D.We will kill one another for water.
答案 D
答案 A
4.How can we avoid the sixth extinction
A.By producing more species.
B.By stopping destroying the planet.
C.By taking action to protect ourselves.
D.By moving to another planet immediately.
答案 B
Activity 4　思考分享 提升思维
1.Do you know any other extinct animals
2.What should we do to protect our environment
The answer is open.
The answer is open.
Activity 5　诵读佳句 学练写作
1.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences describing facts.
(1)In fact,over 90 percent of all species that ever lived are now extinct.
(2)These include the third mas extinction,known as the “Great Dying”,which killed 90% to 96% of all species.
(3)They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1,000 times faster than normal.
2.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences that describe the reasons why so many species are dying out.
(1)There is a long list of reasons why so many species are dying out: air and water pollution,forests being destroyed,factory farming and overfishing.
(2)Without forests,we would have no air to breathe,and without clean water we would be unable to survive.
第三步深读课文 融会提能
Activity 6　课文语篇填空
In the last 500 million years,there have been five times 1. 　　　　　　 life on Earth has almost ended.Many 2. 　　　　　　 (scientist) say we are now entering the Earth’s sixth mass extinction.There is 3. 　　　　 long list of reasons why so many species 4.　　　　　　 (die) out.This time,human activity will be 5. 　　　　　(blame) because human activity is causing species to die out 1,000 times 6. 　　　　　　 (fast) than normal and has
7. 　　　　　　 (negative) affected all other species on Earth,including animals and plants.If a sixth mass extinction 8. 　　　　　　 (occur),we
when　
scientists　
a　
are dying　
to blame
faster　
negatively　
occurs　
would also be 9. 　　　　 risk of dying out as our world and our lives depend on the balance in nature between animals and plants.In order to stop the sixth extinction,we need to take steps to stop 10. 　　　　　　 (destroy) the planet that we live on and start to protect it.
at　
destroying
Activity 7　长难句分析
1.These include the third mass extinction,known as the“Great Dying”,which killed 90% to 96% of all species.
[句式分析]
These include the third mass extinction,known as the “Great Dying”,which killed 90% to 96% of all species.
过去分词短语作后置定语
引导非限制性定语从句
[尝试翻译]
这其中包括被称为“大灭绝”的第三次灭绝,那期间90%至96%的物种都灭亡了。
2.If a sixth mass extinction occurs,scientists who have studied the issue believe that up to three quarters of all species on Earth could die out.
[句式分析]
If a sixth mass extinction occurs,scientists who have studied the issue believe that up to three quarters of all species on Earth could die out.
引导条件状语从句
　引导定语从句
引导宾语从句
[尝试翻译]
研究该问题的科学家们相信,如果发生第六次大灭绝,地球上多达四分之三的物种可能会灭绝。
Part 2　Language points
基础落实 必备知识全过关
重点单词
必记写作词汇
1.　　　　　　 n.保护
2.　　　　　 vi.& vt.再利用,回收利用
3.　　　　　 vi.& vt.转换,改变
4.　　　　　 adv.非常地,极端地
5.　　　　　 n.物种,种
6.　　　　　 vt.擦;拭
7.　　　　　 adj.异常的;不平常的
conservation　
recycle　
switch　
incredibly
species　
wipe　
unusual　
8.　　　　　 adj.各种各样的,形形色色的
9.　　　　　 vi.& vt.减少
n.减少;减少的量
10.　　　　　 vt.责怪,指责
11.　　　　　 adj.濒危的
12.　　　　　 vt.(使) 恢复
varied　
decrease
blame　
endangered　
restore
识记阅读词汇
1.plastic adj.　　　　　　　　
2.mining n. 　　　　　　　
3.item n. 　　　　　　　
4.unrecyclable adj. 　　　　　　　
5.informative adj. 　 　　　　　　
6.horn n. 　　 　　　　　
7.mass adj. 　　　　　　　
8.solar adj. 　　　　　　　
9.hatch vi.& vt. 　　　　　　　
塑料制的　
采矿业　
一项,一条　
不可回收的　
有教育意义的;知识性强的　
(牛、羊等头上的)角　
大量的　
太阳光(能)的　
(使)孵化
串记拓展词汇
1.　　　　　 vt.破坏;毁掉→　　　　　 n.破坏;毁灭
2.　　　　　 n.威胁;(灾难等坏事)发生的可能→　　　　　 vt.威胁,吓唬→　　 　　　 adj.吓人的→　　　　　　 adj.受到威胁的
3.　　　　　　　　 adv.非法地,违法地→　　　　　　　　 adj.非法的,违法的→　　　　　　　　 adj.合法的,法律的→　　　　　 adv.合法地,法律地
4.　　　　　　　 vi.& vt.猎取,猎杀→　　　　　 n.猎手,打猎人
destroy
destruction　
threat
threaten
threatening
threatened　
illegally
illegal
legal
legally　
hunt
hunter　
5.　　　　　　　 adj.灭绝的,绝种的→　　　　　 n.灭绝
6.　　　　　　　 adj.紧急的,急迫的→　　　　　　　 adv.紧急地,急迫地→　　　　　 n.紧急情况
7.　　　　　 vt.影响→　　　　　 adj.感情的;表达感情的;由感情引起的→　　　　　　　 adj.动人的,感人的→　　　　　 n.影响;效果
extinct
extinction　
urgent
urgently
urgency　
affect
affective
affecting
effect
【掌握构词规律　快速记牢单词】
①形容词转换为副词时,一般情况下形容词后直接加ly,例如:
quick→quickly 迅速地
apparent→apparently显然
②以辅音字母加e结尾的形容词变副词时,一般去e加y,例如:
simple→simply仅仅;只有
horrible →horribly可怕地;非常地
重点短语
1.　　　　　　　　　　起某种作用
2.　　　　　　　 尽自己的职责
3.　　　　　　　 消失;绝迹,灭绝
4.　　　　　　　 处境危险,受到威胁
5.wipe out 　　　　　　　
6.be to blame 　　 　　　　　
have a role　
do one’s part　
die out　
be at risk
彻底毁灭　
(对某事)负有责任
要点探究 能力素养全提升
、
基础词汇——语境记忆
1.conservation n.保护
【佳句背诵】The benefits of conservation are both financial and aesthetic.[环境保护]
保护自然环境在经济上和美化环境上都有好处。
2.recycle vi.& vt.再利用,回收利用
【佳句背诵】By doing our best to recycle waste,we can reduce pollution and conserve natural resources.[环境保护]
通过尽最大努力回收废旧物品,我们可以减少污染,保护自然资源。
.、
高频词汇——讲练互动
1.destroy vt.破坏;毁掉
(1)destroy sb 毁掉某人(的一生)
be destroyed by fire 被大火烧毁
(2)destruction n.破坏,毁坏
destroyer n.破坏者;起破坏作用的东西
【佳句背诵】Many animals will be in danger because of the destruction of the environment.[动物保护]
因为环境的破坏,许多动物将处于危险之中。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)The building was completely 　　　　　(destroy) by fire.
(2)这些物种的破坏会妨碍研究人员找到治疗某些疾病的方法。
　　　 __________ _________ _________ _________　　could prevent researchers from finding cures for certain diseases.
(3)那所医学院的附属医院在洪水中被摧毁了。
The hospital attached to the medical college 　　　　　 　　　　　in the flood.
(4)该公司是世界上最大的热带森林破坏者。
The company is the world’s 　　　　　 　　　　　of tropical forests.
destroyed　
The destruction of such species
was destroyed　
largest destroyer
2.threat n.威胁;(灾难等坏事)发生的可能
(1)a threat to sb/sth 对某人/某物构成威胁
(2)threaten v.威胁
threaten sb (with sth) (用某物)威胁某人
threaten to do sth 恐吓要做某事
(3)threatened adj.受到威胁的
【佳句背诵】However,others are in favour of the inclusion because it is hard to say whether it will threaten the Chinese language.[语言学习]
但是,其他人赞成收录(英语单词),因为很难说这是否会威胁到汉语。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)Drugs pose 　　　　　　major threat to our society.
(2)那个农场主威胁说,无论哪条狗,如果咬死他的一只羊,他就要开枪打死它。
The farmer ___________ _________ _________ _________ _________ that killed one of his sheep.
(3)污染对这一物种的继续生存造成了威胁。
Pollution is ________ _________ _________the continued existence of this species.
a
threatened to shoot any dog
a threat to
(4)尽管有战争的威胁,人们仍像平时一样工作。
Despite 　　　 　 　 　　 　 　　　　 　　 　 ,people went about their work as usual.
the threat of war
3.switch vi.& vt.转换,改变　n.开关;转换
switch on 接通,打开
switch off...(=turn off...) 把……关掉,关上
switch over (to sth) 转换频道;转变
switch (from sth) to... 从……转变到……
switch roles 转换角色
switch A with B　把A与B交换
【佳句背诵】Please make sure all the mobile phones are switched off during the performance.[通知告示]
请确保演出时所有手机关闭。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)The law would encourage companies to switch 　　　　　coal ______　　　　　　cleaner fuels.
(2)夜间请务必将所有的灯关掉。
Please make sure that all the lights ________ ______________ _________ at night.
(3)五年后,父亲改行教书了。
Five years later,Father __________ ___________ _________ teaching.
from
to　
are switched/turned off　
switched over to
4.have a role 起某种作用;充当角色
do one’s part 尽自己的职责
play an important role/part in... 在……中起重要作用/担任重要角色
play the role of sb=play/act the part of sb (在剧中)扮演……角色
play the leading role 起带头/主要作用
for my part 至于我,对我来说
on one’s part 由某人做出;就某人而言
take part in... 参加……,参与……活动
【佳句背诵】He has played an important part/role in carrying through the whole plan.[人物介绍]
他在整个计划的实行中扮演了重要的角色。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)Everyone had 　　　　　　 role in the show’s success.
(2)在维护世界和平方面,中国正在起着越来越重要的作用。
China _____ ___________ __________ ______________ _____________ __________ ________safeguarding world peace.
a
is playing an increasingly important
part/role in
(3)他在上周的戏剧中扮演了哈姆雷特。
He played ________ ____________ _________ Hamlet in the play last week.
(4)媒体在影响人们的观念方面起着很重要的作用。
The media ________ _________ _________ __________ ___________in influencing people’s opinions.
(5)对我来说,我们到哪儿吃饭都无所谓。
　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　, I don’t mind where we eat.
the role/part of
plays a very important role/part　
For my part
5.hunt vi.& vt.猎取,猎杀;搜索;驱赶　n.狩猎;追捕;搜寻
hunt after 追猎(某动物);追逐(某物)
hunt for 寻找某人/某物
hunt up (在报纸上、书上等)找到(资料等)
【佳句背诵】Do you approve of hunting after foxes [动物保护]
你赞成猎捕狐狸吗
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)He has been 　　　　　　(hunt) for a job.
(2)你必须在字典里查找这个字。
You’ll have to 　　　　　 　　　　　the word in the dictionary.
(3)很多人一生追逐名利,但总是不能成功。
Many people 　　　　　 　　　　　fame in their lives but never find it.
(4)整个街区的人都在寻找那个失踪的孩子。
The whole neighbourhood have been 　　　　　　 　　　　　　the missing child.
hunting　
hunt up
hunt after
hunting for
6.urgent adj.紧急的,急迫的;坚持要求的
(1)urge vt.催促;极力主张　n.强烈的欲望、冲动,迫切的要求
urge sb to do sth/urge sb into doing sth 催促/敦促某人做某事
urge that/It is urged that... 坚决主张……(用虚拟语气)
have/feel an urge to do sth 渴望做某事;有做某事的冲动/欲望
satisfy an urge 满足欲望
(2)urgency n.紧急;急事;催促
urgently adv.紧急地,急迫地
【佳句背诵】They urged that the library(should) be kept open during the vacation.[学校生活]
他们要求图书馆假期开放。
【即学即练】用urge的适当形式填空/单句写作
(1)I will not use my savings unless a matter of 　　　　　happens.
(2)Many people in the earthquake-stricken area are in 　　　　　　　need of food and water.
(3)The two countries 　　　　 　　　　to put an end to the war,which had lasted over 5 years and caused great suffering and losses.
urgency　
urgent　
were urged
(4)爸爸不停地督促我在结冰的路上开车要谨慎。
Father kept ________ _________ _________ _________carefully on the icy roads.
(5)我害怕那个男孩,很想从他身边跑开。
I was afraid of the boy and I ________ _________ _________ to run away from him.
urging me to drive
had an urge
7.wipe out 彻底毁灭
wipe vt.擦;拭;抹掉
wipe...with... 用……擦……
wipe sth away/off/up 擦掉/擦净某物
wipe sth off/from... 把某物从……处擦掉(消除掉)
wipe sth from/off one’s mind/memory 有意忘记某事物
【佳句背诵】Doctors are searching for a cure that will wipe out cancer.[医疗健康]
医生们正在寻找消灭癌症的医疗方法。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)I like to wipe the windows 　　　　　a very soft cloth.
(2)这些措施将有助于在农村地区消灭贫困。
These measures will help to ________ _________ _________ in rural areas.
(3)她弯下腰,用一块干布把鞋上的泥土擦掉了。
She bent down and ________ _________ _________ ________ _________ _________ using a dry cloth.
(4)我几次想把它忘掉,但就是做不到。
I tried several times to ________ _________ _________ ________ ________________,but I just couldn’t.
with　
wipe out poverty
wiped the dirt off/from her
shoes
wipe it off/from my
mind/memory
8.varied adj.各种各样的,形形色色的
(1)variety n.多种样式;不同种类;多变性
a variety of styles 各种风格
variety in one’s lifestyle 某人生活方式的多样化
(2)vary vi.& vt.变化,改变
various adj.各种各样的;多方面的(=a variety of)
【佳句背诵】Restaurants can offer a choice of music along with the various food choices on the menu.[饮食生活]
餐馆可以在菜单上提供各种食物的同时提供音乐的选择。
【名师点津】(1)表示“多种多样”的表达还有:
all sorts of
all kinds of
many types of
(2)variety作“种类,品种”讲时为可数名词,作“多样化”讲时为不可数名词。
(3)“a variety of +复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数;“the variety of +复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
【即学即练】用vary的适当形式填空/单句写作
(1)Susan’s idea of freedom was to have 　　　　　in her lifestyle.
(2)The island offers such a wide 　　　　　of scenery and wildlife.
(3)It is essential that your diet is 　　　　　and balanced.
(4)在中国,户外活动种类繁多,颇具吸引力。
Outdoor activities 　　　　 　　　　 and tempting in China.
variety　
variety　
varied　
are varied
9.decrease n.减少;减少的量　vi.& vt.减少
decrease in... 在……减少
decrease to+数字　下降到……
decrease by+分数、百分数或其他表示数量的词　下降了……
【佳句背诵】So even if emissions were to begin to decrease today,we would still face the challenge of adapting to climate change.[环境保护]
因此,即使今天的排放量开始减少,我们仍然要面对适应气候变化的挑战。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)It has been reported that the exports of that company have ___________　　　　　　　　 (decrease) by 3%.
(2)The number of new students 　　　　　　 　　　　(减少到) 800 this year.
(3)The price of wheat has 　　　　　　 　　　　　　(降低了) 10%.
(4)There has been 　　　　 　　　　　　(下降) in population.
decreased　
decreases to
decreased by
a decrease
10.blame vt.责怪,指责
(1)be to blame (for sth) 应该为(某事)负责任,应该(为某事)受责备
blame sth on sb/sth 把某事归咎于某人/某事
blame sb for (doing) sth 因(做)某事而责备某人
(2)blame n.过失;责备
put/lay/place the blame (for sth) on sb (把某事)归咎于某人
【佳句背诵】We tend to blame TV, he says, for problems it doesn’t really cause,overlooking our own roles in shaping children’s minds.[家庭教育]
他说,我们倾向于把责任归咎于并非真正原因的电视,而忽略了我们自己在塑造孩子思想上产生的影响。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)She blamed her parents 　　　　　the failure of her marriage.
(2)老师因那个学生犯了如此愚蠢的错误而责怪他。
The teacher ________ _________ _________ _________making such silly mistakes.
(3)是那位教授而不是他的助理们应对实验室里所发生的事情负责。
It was the professor rather than his assistants who ________ _________ _________ for what had happened in the lab.
(4)健康专家们把这种疾病的传播归咎于恶劣的居住条件。
Health experts　　 　　　 ________ _________ _________ the spread of the disease on poor housing conditions.
for　
blamed the student for
was to
blame
put/lay/place the blame for
(5)失败要怪你自己,不是其他任何人的错。
It is you yourself who ________ _________ _________ for the failure.It’s not the fault of anyone else.
are to blame
11.die out 消失;绝迹,灭绝
die away (声音等)逐渐消失
die off (一群生物)相继死去
die down (慢慢地)熄灭;平息下来
【佳句背诵】In fact,half of the 6,000-7,000 languages spoken around the world today will likely die out by the next century,according to the United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).[语言文化]
实际上,根据联合国教科文组织报告,到下个世纪,世界上现有使用的6000~7000种语言中有一半将可能消失。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)All his anger died 　　　　　.
(2)我们再也看不到这种动物了,或许它已经灭绝了。
We no longer see this animal—maybe it has 　　　　　 　　　　　.
(3)汽车的响声消失在远处。
The sound of the car 　　　　　 　 　　　　　in the distance.
(4)尽管风停了,但是雨还在下,因此你仍需要带上一件雨衣。
Although the wind 　　　　 　　　　 　 　　　　,the rain remains steady,so you still need a raincoat.
down　
died out
died away
has died down
12.affect vt.影响;感染;打动
(1)be affected by... 被……所打动/影响
(2)effect n.效果;作用;影响
have an effect on/upon... 对……有影响/效果
cause and effect 因果
in effect 事实上
come into effect 开始生效,开始实施
put/bring...into effect 实施……;使……生效
be of no effect 无效,没有作用,不中用
【佳句背诵】It not only affects our everyday life,but may also threaten people’s lives.[身体健康]
它不仅影响我们的日常生活,而且也可能威胁人们的生命。
【即学即练】用affect与effect的适当形式填空/单句写作
(1)In spite of all these differences,evidence shows that recent lifestyle changes may be 　　　　　French eating habits.
(2)What parents say and do has a lifelong 　　　　　on their children.
(3)The new tax law doesn’t 　　　　　　me at all because I am still a student.
affecting　
effect　
affect　
(4)实际上,唯一比我们思想速度快的就是我们健忘的速度。
　　　 　　　　　,the only thing faster than the speed of our thoughts is the speed of our forgetfulness.
In effect
13.be at risk 处境危险,受到威胁
(1)risk vt.冒……的危险　n.冒险;危险的人或物;危险,风险
risk one’s life 冒着生命危险
risk doing sth 冒险做某事
reduce/increase the risk of 降低/增加……的风险
at the risk of doing sth 冒着做某事的危险
run/take the risk of doing sth 冒着做某事的风险
(2)risky adj.危险的;大胆的;冒险的
【佳句背诵】But Simon decided to risk his life to save the drowning child.[人物描写]
但是西蒙决定冒着生命危险去救那个溺水的小孩。
【名师点津】risk后面跟动词-ing形式作宾语。另外enjoy、finish、practise、avoid、mind、suggest、imagine、keep等动词也要用动词-ing形式作宾语,不能跟动词不定式。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)The disease is spreading, and all young children are 　　　　　risk.
(2)我不能得罪我的老板,因为我不能冒失去这份工作的风险。
I can’t annoy my boss because I won’t risk ________ _________ ________ .
(3)我是不会让你冒险的,毕竟,小心一点好,以免以后后悔。
I won’t let you ________ _________ _________ .After all,it is better to be safe than sorry.
(4)到户外晒晒太阳是有益的,但如果你晒太阳过度,你可能会有生命危险。
It’s nice to get out in the sun,but if you overdo it,you could put your life
　　　　 　　　　　　.
at
losing my job　
take such risks
at risk
(5)他们冒着失去生命的危险阻止了一次严重的铁路事故。
They prevented a serious railway accident _______ __________ _________ __________losing their own lives.
(6)如果不采取更加有力、更加有效的措施,空气污染会变得更严重,威胁到人们的健康。
Unless stronger and more effective measures are taken,the air pollution will get worse,putting people’s health _______ __________ .
at the risk
of
at risk
、
多义词汇——自主练透
Ⅰ.一词多义
restore
A.vt.恢复(某种情况或感受)　B.vt.使复原;使复位　C.vt.归还(失物、赃款等)
①The police have now restored the painting to its rightful owner.　　
②We hope to restore the garden to its former glory.　　
③The measures are intended to restore public confidence in the economy.
　　
C
B
A
Ⅱ.教材熟词生义
1.mass
项目 意义 例句
熟义 adj.　　　　 Their latest product is aimed at the mass market.
生义 n.　　　　 There were masses of dark clouds in the sky.
v.　 　　　 Shortly after the workers went on strike,police began to mass at the shipyard.
广泛的
团,块
集中,聚集
2.hunt
项目 意义 例句
熟义 v.　　　　　　　　　　　 Every morning,his father went hunting very early.
生义 v.________________________ ________________________ I’ve hunted everywhere but I can’t find it.
v.　　　　　　　　　　　 Bruce tried to hunt his neighbour’s cats out of the garden.
n.　　　　　　　　　　 The police are on the hunt for further clues.
打猎
搜索(某物或某人);试图找到(某物或某人)　
赶走,驱逐(某物)
寻找;搜索
、
重点句式——多维剖析
1.倍数表达法
【教材原句】They found that human activity is causing species to die out 1,000 times faster than normal.
他们发现,人类活动导致物种灭绝的速度是正常情况下的1000倍。
英语中常见的表示倍数的句型有以下五种:
(1)A is...times as long/wide/high/large/deep/...as B.
(2)A is...times longer/wider/higher/larger/deeper/...than B.
(3)A is...times the length/width/height/size/depth/...of B.
(4)A is...times+what从句.
(5)A has increased/decreased/reduced/gone up/risen by...times.
【佳句背诵】The researchers found that laptop users took twice as many notes as those who wrote by hand.[科学技术]
研究人员发现,笔记本电脑用户记的笔记是那些手写者的两倍。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)This rope is more than five times the 　　　　　(long) of that one.
(2)亚洲的面积是欧洲的四倍。
Asia is ________ _________ _________ _________ ________ _________ _________ _________ _________ Europe.
length　
our times as large as/four times
the area of　
(3)这块大石头的重量是那块的三倍。
This big stone is __________________________________________that one.
(4)这个国家的新鲜蔬菜真贵。这些卷心菜花了我十美元,是在国内时的三倍。
Fresh vegetables in this country are expensive indeed.These cabbages cost me $10,　　　　 　　　　 　　　　　 　　　　　as they do at home.
three times as heavy as/three times the weight of
three times as much
2.双重否定
【教材原句】Without forests,we would have no air to breathe,and without clean water we would be unable to survive.
没有森林,我们将没有空气呼吸,没有干净的水,我们将无法生存。
句中without和no构成双重否定,用以加强语气。without 还可以表示“如果没有”,用于虚拟语气,相当于but for。
【佳句背诵】Without his wartime experiences,Hemingway wouldn’t have written his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.[文学创作]
没有战时的经历的话,海明威就不可能写出《永别了,武器》这部名著。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)They never meet without 　　　　　　(quarrel).
(2)没有水就没有生命。
There will be no life 　　　　　water.
(3)李先生,非常感谢你的支持和鼓励。我认为没有你的帮助我就不可能克服这个困难。
Thank you very much for your support and encouragement,Mr Li.I don’t think I can overcome the difficulty 　　　　　your help.
quarreling　
without　
without
Part 3　Grammar
语法冲关 语言规则全理清
情景导入
限制性和非限制性定语从句
阅读下面短文,体会句中黑体部分的用法。
It was the summer of 2012,when①I came to Guangning No.1 Senior High School.Our school is a wonderful place,where② I can see a lot of beautiful buildings and a large square.Our classroom,the roof of which③ looks like a rocket in the distance,is located in the center of our school.The main reason why④ I like our school is that I can make many friends.I can get along with my classmates here,two of whom⑤are my best friends.The teacher whom⑥I like most is Mr Zhang,our math teacher.To be honest,I gradually fall in love with our school.
【语法感悟】
①when为关系副词,在定语从句中作　　　　　语,其先行词为　　　　　　　　　　
②where为关系副词,在定语从句中作　　　　　语,其先行词为　　　　
③the roof of which为“the +名词+of+关系代词”,在定语从句中作_______　　　　　语,其先行词为　　　　　　
④why为关系副词,在定语从句中作　　　　　语,其先行词为　　　　　
⑤two of whom为“数词+of+关系代词”,在定语从句中作　　　　　语,其先行词为　　　　　　
⑥whom为关系代词,在定语从句中作　　　　　语,其先行词为　　　　　　
时间状
the summer of 2012
地点状
place　
主
classroom　
原因状
reason　
主
classmates　
宾
teacher
语法精讲
一、限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限制约作用,使该词的含义更具体、更明确,因而不能被省略,否则句意就不完整。
1.关系代词:that,which,who,whom,whose
(1)that既可指代事物也可指代人,which指代事物,在从句中均可作主语或宾语,作宾语时常可省略。
The film (that/which) we saw last night was very wonderful.
昨晚我们看的那部电影非常棒。
(2)who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,who可以作从句的主语和宾语,whom只能作宾语。
He knew the teacher who/whom we met yesterday.
他认识我们昨天遇见的那个老师。
(3)whose是关系代词,修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格。它引导的从句可以修饰人和物。
I saw a boy standing on the ground whose hat was red.
我看见一个男孩站在地上,他的帽子是红色的。
(4)“介词+关系代词”指人时关系代词用whom,指物时用which。
She is the girl with whom I went there.
她就是和我去那儿的女孩。
2.关系副词:where,when,why
(1)where引导定语从句表示地点。
I went to the Zhongshan Park where I spent the whole morning with my students.
我去了中山公园,在那里我整个上午都和我的学生在一起。
(2)when引导定语从句表示时间。
I’ll never forget the day when I met you.
我永远不会忘记遇见你的那天。
(3)why引导定语从句表示原因,先行词一般为reason等。
The reason why the injection needs repeating every year is that the virus changes.
每年需要重复注射的原因是病毒发生了变化。
3.定语从句中只用that不用which的情况
(1)当先行词是all,any,anything,everything,nothing或被它们修饰时。
Is there anything that I can do for you
有什么我可以为你做的吗
(2)当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。
That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop.
那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。
(3)当先行词有the only,the very,the same,the last 等修饰时。
My necklace is not the only thing that’s missing.
我的项链不是丢掉的唯一的东西。
(4)当主句以who或which开头时。
Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat
正穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁
(5)当先行词既有人又有物时。
The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well-known.
你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很有名。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
(1)This is the question 　　　　　　　confused us.
(2)September 1st is the day 　　　　　students go back to school after a summer vacation.
(3)I don’t like the way　　　　　 you treat animals.
(4)The reason 　　　　　he won first place in the competition is that not only did he follow the teacher’s advice,but also trained hard.
(5)The reason 　　　 　　he told me for his absence was not acceptable.
that/which
when　
that　
why
that/which
二、非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句在句中主要起补充说明作用,非限制性定语从句与主句之间往往用逗号隔开,独立存在,即使缺失也不会影响整个句子的意思。
1.which引导非限制性定语从句,说明前面整个句子或主句的一部分情况。
The novel,which I have read three times,is very touching.
这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。
2.who引导非限制性定语从句,作从句的主语。
Our guide,who was a French Canadian,was an excellent cook.
我们的导游是法裔加拿大人,他是个出色的厨师。
3.whom引导非限制性定语从句,指人,在句中作动词宾语和介词宾语,作介词宾语时,介词可位于句末。
Peter,whom you met in London,is now back in Paris.
你在伦敦见过的彼得现在已经回巴黎了。
4.whose引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作定语。whose通常指人,也可指动物或无生命的事物。
The boy, whose hat is red, studies very hard.
那个戴红色帽子的男孩学习很努力。
5.when引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作时间状语,指代主句中的时间。
The car accident happened in 1990,when I was a six-year-old girl.
那次车祸发生在1990年,当时我还是个六岁的小女孩。
6.where引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作地点状语,指代主句中的地点。
We then moved to Paris,where we lived for six years.
我们后来搬到巴黎,在那里住了六年。
7.as引导非限制性定语从句,意为“正如;好像”。
As is known to all, China is a developing country.
众所周知,中国是一个发展中国家。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
(1)There is no simple answer,　　　　　 is often the case in science.
(2)He has two sons,　　　　　　 work in the company.
(3)All the neighbours admire this family,　　　　　　 the parents are treating their child like a friend.
(4)His movie won several awards at the film festival,　　　　　　 was beyond his wildest dream.
(5)Lucy,　　　　　　 father is a fencer,is enthusiastic about sport.
as　
who　
where　
which　
whose
三、限制性和非限制性定语从句的区别
1.限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分,去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明,去掉了也不会影响主句的意思,它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。
This is the house that we bought last month.
这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)
The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.
这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)
2.当先行词是专有名词或被物主代词和指示代词所修饰时,其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。
Charles Smith,who is my former teacher,retired last year.
查尔斯·史密斯去年退休了,他曾经是我的老师。
My house,which I bought last year,has got a lovely garden.
我去年买的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
3.非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词,对其进行修饰,这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
He seems not to have grasped what I meant,which greatly upsets me.
他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我很心烦。
注意:关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
【即学即练】翻译句子
(1)我将不会忘记和你一起去香山看红叶的那个秋天。
(2)正如老师昨天告诉我们的那样,我们要对未来充满信心。
(3)我们班有很多作文写得好的学生。
I will never forget the autumn when I went to the Fragrant Hill to see the red leaves with you.

As the teacher told us yesterday,we should be confident of our future.

In our class,we have many students whose compositions are well written.
(4)这是上映过的令人印象最深刻的电视剧。
(5)努力工作是你成功的唯一办法。
This is the most impressive TV play that has ever been put on.

Hard work is the only way that leads to your success.
本 课 结 束