北师版（2019）选择性必修第三册UNIT 9　 Human Biology LESSON 2 & LESSON 3课件(共62张PPT)

(共62张PPT)
UNIT 9　HUMAN BIOLOGY
Section B　LESSON 2 & LESSON 3
Part 1　Reading comprehension
Part 2　Language points
Part 3　Grammar
目录索引
Part 1　Reading comprehension
第一步速读课文 理清脉络
Activity 1
Read the text quickly and find out the main idea of the text.
The text is about 　　　.
A.Suggestions on facing an epidemic.
B.Reasons why an epidemic happens.
C.Explanation of an epidemic.
D.Epidemics in history.
C
Activity 2　阅读教材课文,完成下面的思维导图。
definition　
baseline　
cases　
50%　
18　
lung
8,000　
higher　
systematic　
teamwork
第二步精读课文 领悟细节
Activity 3　阅读教材课文,选出最佳选项。
1.Which of the following might not be the factor causing an epidemic
A.A virus being carried into an area.
B.Changes in the way people live.
C.Living in an area too long.
D.Coming into contact with a virus or bacteria.
答案 C
2.When can a disease be officially classified as an epidemic
A.When the deaths caused by it reach a certain number.
B.When there are a few cases happening in one place.
C.When it is opposed to all the other common diseases.
D.When it’s a widespread serious common cold.
答案 A
3.Which of the following epidemics happened the earliest
A.The Black Death.
B.The Great Flu Epidemic.
C.The SARS.
D.The Ebola Virus Disease.
4.People believe that the most disastrous epidemic in history happened 　　.
A.in 1997　　　　　B.in 2002
C.in 2013 D.in 1918
答案 A
答案 D
5.What is the key to saving lives when the world encounters epidemics
A.Effective researches on the causes of epidemics.
B.Joint efforts made by all the countries.
C.Timely cures for the infectious people.
D.Recording the number of infectious people.
答案 B
Activity 4　思考分享 提升思维
1.What other problems an epidemic may cause
2.Can you list some measures can be taken among countries during an epidemic
略　
略　
Activity 5　诵读佳句 学练写作
1.Read the passage carefully and find the sentence explaining the definition of an epidemic.
An epidemic is the name given to an infectious disease that rapidly spreads to a large number of people within a short period of time—usually two weeks or less.
2.Read the passage carefully and find the sentences that tell us the loss during the outbreak of the Ebola Virus Disease.
(1)11,310 deaths were officially recorded,but the actual number of deaths is probably much higher.
(2)The virus was extremely infectious and the survival rate was as low as 30% in some areas,indicating that very few people got over it.
第三步深读课文 融会提能
Activity 6　课文语篇填空
Epidemics caused by several different factors,have been happening for as long 1. 　　　　 there have been people living on Earth.Each disease can only officially 2.　　　　　　　　 (classify) as an epidemic when it causes a certain number of deaths.
Jim Smith who tried to compare the bird flu epidemic occurring in 1997
3.　　　　　 other deadly epidemics in our history conducted a study.He found one of the earliest epidemics on record happened between about 500 and 550 CE.Up to 50% of the area’s population died from the epidemic,4.______　　　　　 returned in the 1330s in Asia,known as “The Black Death”,spreading rapidly to Europe.
as　
be classified　
with　
which　
The Great Flu Epidemic also known as the Spanish Flu,which is believed
5.　　　　　　　 (be) the most severe epidemic in history,broke out in 1918, just near the end of World War Ⅰ,6.　　　　　 (kill) up to 50 million people. The SARS epidemic lasting from 2002 to 2003 initially 7.　　　　　 (appear) in Guangdong Province,spread to Canada,Vietnam and Singapore and infected about 8,000 people.8.　　　　　 according to official records the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) killed 11,310 people in west African countries only,the actual number of deaths is probably much higher.The virus was extremely
9.　　　　　　 (infect) and the survival rate was very low in some areas.
Faced with the epidemics,governments are 10.　　　　　 (globe) working together to make medical research,coming up with cures and saving lives.
to have been
killing　
appeared　
Although　
infectious　
globally
Activity 7　长难句分析
Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the area’s population died from the epidemic,making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire.
[句式分析]
Scientists now estimate that up to 50% of the area’s population died from the epidemic,making it one of the main causes of the fall of the Roman Empire.
引导宾语从句
动词-ing形式短语作结果状语
[尝试翻译]
科学家们现在估计,该地区高达50%的人口死于这种流行病,使其成为罗马帝国灭亡的主要原因之一。
Part 2　Language points
基础落实 必备知识全过关
重点单词
必记写作词汇
1.　　　　　　　　　vt.包含,容纳,装盛
2.　　　　　　　 vi.& vt.找出……的准确位置
3.　　　　　　　 n.因素,要素
4.　　　　　　　 adj.与某事物相反;反对某事物,不赞成某事物
5.　　　　　　　 n.样本,样品
vt.品尝,尝试;对……做抽样调查
6.　　　　　　　 vt.& n.估计,估算
contain　
locate　
factor　
opposed　
sample
estimate　
7.　　　　　　　 vt.埋葬,安葬;埋藏
8.　　　　　　　 vt.造成,引起,产生(问题、危险、困难等)
n.(为画像、拍照等而摆的)姿势,姿态
9.　　　　　　　 n.肺
10.　　　　　　　 n.(战争或疾病)爆发,突然发生
11.　　　　　　　 n.试验;审判,审理
bury　
pose　
lung　
outbreak　
trial
识记阅读词汇
12.organ n.　　　　　　　　　
13.crossword n.　　　　 　　　
14.zone n. 　　　　　　　
15.junk food n.　　　 　　　　
16.intake n. 　　　　　　　
17.virus n. 　　　　　　　
18.variation n. 　　 　　　　　
19.officially adv. 　　　　　　　
20.baseline n. 　　　　　 　　
器官　
纵横字谜,纵横填字游戏　
地区,地带
(高脂肪、高糖分等的)不利健康的食品,垃圾食品　
摄入量,摄取量　
病毒　
变化物,变体;差异,变动　
官方地,正式地　
(医学或科学中的)基线,准线　
21.widespread adj. 　　 　　　　　
22.actual adj. 　　 　　　　　
23.underline vt. 　　　　　　 　
24.thorough adj. 　　　　　 　　
分布广的,广泛流传的　
实际的,真实的　
强调,使突出;在……之下划线　
彻底的,全面的,详尽的
串记拓展词汇
25.　　　　　　 vt.将……分类;把……归入一类→classification n.归类,分类,分级
26.　　　　　 adj.稀有的,罕见的,不常发生的→rarely adv.稀有地,罕见地,不常发生地
27.　　　　　　　　 adj.令人沮丧的,让人忧愁的→depress vt.使沮丧→depressed adj.感到沮丧的
28.　　　　　 adj.看得见的→visibly adv.能注意到地;明显地
29.　　　　　 adj.系统化的,有条理的→system n.系统→systematically adv.系统地;有计划地
30.　　　　 n.地球,世界;地球仪→global adj.球形的;全世界的,全球的→globally adv.球形地;全世界地,全球地
classify　
rare　
depressing　
visible
systematic　
globe
【掌握构词规律　快速记牢单词】
后缀-ation常用于动词之后构成名词,例如:
vary→variation 变化物,变体;差异,变动
classify→classification归类,分类,分级
combine→combination结合,混合,联合
participate→participation参加;参与
hesitate→hesitation 犹豫,踌躇
examine→examination考试
重点短语
1.classify...as..._____________________
2.go into detail 　　　　　　　
3.　　　　　　　　 克服
4.　　　　　　　　 在……过程中
5.　　　　　　　 由……组成
将……归类　
详细叙述　
get over　
in the course of　
consist of
要点探究 能力素养全提升
、
基础词汇——语境记忆
1.zone n.地区,地带
【佳句背诵】The area has been declared a disaster zone.[环境保护]
该地区已被宣布为灾难带。
2.depressing adj. 令人沮丧的,让人忧愁的
【佳句背诵】That was one of the most depressing experiences of my life.[个人观点]
那是我一生中最沮丧的经历之一。
.、
高频词汇——讲练互动
1.consist of由……组成(不用于被动语态,相当于be made up of)
(1)consist in=lie in 存在于,在于
(2)consistent adj.一致的;持续的
be consistent with 与……一致
be consistent in 在……方面一致
【佳句背诵】Happiness does not consist in how many possessions you own.[个人观点]
幸福不在于你拥有多少财产。
The results are entirely consistent with the scientists’ earlier prediction.[社会生活]
这些结果与科学家们早些时候的预测完全一致。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)Dad often tells me that his happiness consists 　　　　　　　reading works written by famous writers.
(2)Our life consists 　　　　　success and failure as well.
(3)我们班长写了一首由一些简单单词组成的好诗。
Our monitor wrote a good poem ___________ ___________simple words.
in　
of
consisting of
2.contain vt.包含;容纳;装盛;克制
(1)contain sth 包括某物,含有……成分
contain oneself 自制
contain the excitement 克制兴奋
(2)container n.容器
【佳句背诵】The old man was so angry that he couldn’t contain himself. [人物描写]
那位老人十分生气,无法控制自己的情绪。
She could hardly contain the excitement.[人物描写]
她抑制不住内心的激动。
【词语辨析】
contain 指的是包含的全部内容或容量,也可指所含有的成分
include 表示“包含,连……在内,记入,算入,包括”,只能用于表示所包含之物中的一部分。一般用including sb/sth =sb/sth included
【即学即练】单句语法填空
(1)She couldn’t contain 　　　　　(she) when she heard her mother passed away.
(2)I regret taking those weight-loss pills 　　　　　　　　(contain) a harmful chemical that caused my liver to fail.
(3)Our English teacher received a lot of flowers during the festival,some roses
　　　　　(include).
herself　
containing　
included
3.locate vi.& vt.找出……的准确位置
(1)be located +介词短语 位于……
(2)location n.位置
location of ……的(确切)位置
on location 外景拍摄
【佳句背诵】The importance of the town is due to its geographical location. [社会生活]
这座城镇的重要性在于它的地理位置。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
(1)　　　　　 (locate) in the northeast of Jiangxi Province,my hometown is a beautiful city with a long history.
(2)At last the travellers found a suitable 　　　　　(locate) for new houses.
(3)Too many files are in my computer so that it’s difficult for me to find the exact location 　　　　　the file I need to use.
Located　
location　
of
4.rare adj.稀有的,罕见的,不常发生的
(1)a rare occurrence 罕见的事
a rare sight 罕见的景象
a rare visitor 稀客
it is rare (for sb/sth) to do sth (某人)做某事很少见
(2)rarely adv.稀有地,罕见地,不常发生地(放在句首句子使用部分倒装语序)
【佳句背诵】In this country,this kind of birds is a rare sight.[动物保护]
在这个国家,这种鸟很罕见。
When the family are together it is rare for them to talk about politics.[家庭生活]
全家团聚时,他们很少谈论政治。
【即学即练】单句写作
(1)自从那些树被砍伐以来,现在在这个村子里狼是稀客。
Since the trees were cut down,wolves have been ___________ ___________in the village.
(2)以前这儿的孩子上大学很罕见。
___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ to college before.
(3)那对夫妇相处很融洽,他们很少争吵。
The couple get on well with each other. ___________ ___________for them to quarrel with each other.
rare visitors
Rarely did the children here
go
It’s rare
5.classify vt.将……分类;把……归入一类
(1)classify...into...把……分成……
classify...according to/by...按……分类
classify...as...把……定为……
(2)classification n.归类,分类,分级
classified adj.分类的
classifiable adj.可分类的
【佳句背诵】Men in the post office classify mails according to places where they’re to go.[社会生活]
邮局里的人员将信件按寄送地点分类。
Some people are not so fond of pizza.They classify it as junk food.[个人观点]
有些人不喜欢吃比萨,他们把它归类为垃圾食品。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)Would you classify her novels 　　　　　serious literature or others
(2)Every pupil has his own potential so it is not proper to classify them
　　　　　two kinds.
(3)这个图书馆里的书按主题分类。
The books in the library ___________ ___________ __________ __________ subjects.
as　
into　
are classified according to
6.estimate vt.& n.估计,估算
(1)estimate sth at 估计……
estimate that...估计……
(2)estimated adj.估计的
It’s estimated that...据估计……
【佳句背诵】Organizers estimated the crowd at 50,000.[社会生活]
组织者估计人数有5万人。
Scientists estimate that smoking reduces life expectancy by around 2 years on average.[健康生活]
科学家们估计吸烟使预期寿命平均缩短了大约2年。
It is estimated that the meeting will last four days.[社会生活]
这次会议预计要开4天。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)It’s just an 　　　　　　　(estimate) figure.Nobody knows the exact number.
(2)I can give you 　　　　　rough estimate of the amount of money you will need to decorate your house.
(3)Aid workers estimate 　　　　　it will take years to rebuild what the earthquake took away.
(4)据估计这花瓶有2 000年的历史。
___________ ___________ ___________ ___________the vase is 2,000 years old.
estimated　
a
that　
It is estimated that
7.bury vt.埋葬,安葬;埋藏
(1)bury oneself in (doing) sth 埋头于(做)某事
bury one’s face in one’s hands 双手掩面
(2)be buried in (doing) sth 专心(做)某事
be buried in thought 深思,沉思
【佳句背诵】You’ll have to bury yourself in your studies if you want to pass the entrance examinations.[个人成长]
要想通过入学考试,你必须埋头读书。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)　　　　　 (bury) in studying his new machine,Professor Cheng sometimes even forgets to have his meals.
(2)After failing the exam,Jim buried 　　　　　(he) in his study.
(3)Hearing the sad news,Lucy buried her face 　　　　　　　her hands,tears running down.
(4)面对大海,他双手放在口袋里,看着冉冉升起的太阳。
Facing the sea,he looked at the rising sun,___________ __________ ____________ ___________his pockets.
(5)那女孩播放了那支曲子,陷入沉思。
The girl played the music, ___________ ___________ ___________.
Buried　
himself　
in　
his hands
buried in
buried in thought
、
多义词汇——自主练透
Ⅰ.一词多义
pose
A.n.姿势,姿态;装腔作势的举动　B.vt.造成,引起,产生(问题、危险、困难等);摆姿势
①Heavy traffic poses a problem in many old towns.　　
②Her confidence was merely a pose to hide her uncertainty.　　
③Before going into their meeting the six foreign ministers posed for photographs.　　
④While the photographer began to take photos,she adopted an elegant pose.
　　
B
A
B
A
Ⅱ.教材熟词生义
1.sample
项目 意义 例句
熟义 n.　　　　　　　 We based our analysis on a random sample of more than 200 such products.
生义 v.　　　　　　　 We sampled opinion among the workers about changes in working methods.
v.　　　 Travelling provides you with a good opportunity to sample the local food.
样本,样品
抽样检查
品尝
2.underline
项目 意义 例句
熟义 v.　　　　　　　　 The names of the candidates are underlined in red.
生义 v.　　　　　　　　 The report underlines the importance of pre-school education.
n.　　　　　　　　 The words with underlines should be paid special attention to.
在……下划线
强调
下划线
、
重点句式——多维剖析
1.not as...as ……不如……
...I’ve noticed that my memory isn’t as good as it used to be...(教材原句)
……我已经注意到我的记忆力不如以前好了……
(1)not as...as...表示“……不如……”,在as...as之间应用形容词或副词的原级。
(2)not as...as可以用not so...as代替,而as...as表示“……和……一样……”,其中的as不可用so代替;
(3)在(not) as...as结构中,如果中间为形容词,该形容词修饰一个单数可数名词,则应用“(not) as+adj.+a(n)+n.+as”结构。
【佳句背诵】Write another email as swiftly as you can.[人际交往]
尽可能快地再写一封电子邮件。
Tony is not as quiet a dog as the one I got lost last month.[人物描写]
托尼都没有我上个月弄丢的那条狗安静。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作
(1)This kind of flowers need 　　　　　much water as that kind.
(2)My luggage isn’t 　　　　　heavy as yours.
(3)记住你不能每次都吃得太饱,要知道,吃太多对你没有好处。
Remember you can’t eat ___________ ___________ ___________ you can every time.You know,eating too much isn’t good for you.
(4)政府在郊区建起了和市中心那家一样现代化的医院。
The government has built _________ ___________ _________ __________ in the suburb as that in the centre of the city.
as　
as/so　
as much as
as modern a hospital
2.sb/sth is believed to have done 人们相信/认为……已经……
Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months,the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most severe epidemic in history.(教材原句)
西班牙流感在18个月里夺去了多达5 000万人的生命,人们认为它是历史上最严重的流行病。
(1)“sb/sth is believed to do”表示“人们相信/认为……将要……”,“sb/sth is believed to be doing”表示“人们相信/认为……正在……”;
(2)此结构可以改为“It’s believed that...”;
(3)say,think,guess,predict等也可用于类似的结构。
【佳句背诵】The Chinese Women’s Football Team is believed to win.
=It’s believed that the Chinese Women’s Football Team will win.[个人观点]
人们相信中国女子足球队会赢。
The engineer is said to be designing a new bridge for our country.
=It’s said that the engineer is designing a new bridge for our country.[社会生活]
据说这位工程师正在为我们的国家设计一座新的桥梁。
【即学即练】单句语法填空/单句写作并改为同义句
(1)Professor Liu is believed _____________________(recover) from the disease and he has returned to his work.
(2)It’s predicted 　　　　　working out regularly is helpful to us.
人们相信那个新的程序是一个男孩设计的。
→(3)A boy is believed _________________________the new programme.
→(4)______________________a boy has designed the new programme.
to have recovered　
that　
to have designed
It’s believed that
Part 3　Grammar
语法图解
语法冲关 语言规则全理清
动词短语
语法精讲
一、动词短语的定义
动词短语也叫动词词组,指以实义动词为中心词所构成的短语,常表达多种意义。
二、动词短语的构成
1.“动词+名词”型
catch one’s eye 吸引某人的注意力
make an effort努力
take care当心,小心
make sense有意义,讲得通
Why did she do a thing like that It doesn’t seem to make sense.
她为什么要那样做 那似乎没有意义。
2.“动词+介词”型
agree with同意,适合
participate in参加
focus on关注
contribute to对……作出贡献
come across偶然碰到
run into撞上
Everyone should contribute to the protection of our environment.
每个人都应为环境保护作出贡献。
3.“动词+副词”型
make up组成,化妆,弥补,编造,复合
turn out结果是
turn up调大,出现
look up抬头看,查(字典)
break down(机器)坏掉,(身体)垮掉
break out爆发
With the epidemic breaking out across the world,everyone should take action to fight against it.
疫情在全球范围内爆发,每个人都应该采取行动与之斗争。
4.“动词+副词+介词”型
come up with想出
look forward to期待,展望
look down upon/on看不起,小瞧
look up to尊敬
get on/along with和……相处,进展
look back on回顾
live up to不辜负
Looking back on it,I still can’t figure out what went wrong.
回顾那件事,我还是不能理解出了什么问题。
The film has certainly lived up to my expectations.
这部电影当然没有辜负我的期望。
5.“动词+名词+介词”型
pay attention to注意
take advantage of利用
take responsibility for对……负责
catch sight of看见
make sense of理解
make use of利用
In doing our work,we must pay attention to ways and means.
工作时,我们应该注意方式和方法。
I happened to catch sight of John as he was going past our office.
约翰经过我们办公室的时候我碰巧看见他。
三、动词短语的用法
1.一些动词短语可以及物,而另一些动词短语后不可带宾语。
Whatever happens,never give up.
不管发生什么事,永远不要放弃。
Try to participate in as many activities as you can.
尽可能多地参加活动。
2.“动词+介词”型短语一般必须带宾语,且宾语应放在介词后。“动词+副词”型短语可能及物,也可能不及物。当其及物时,名词作宾语放在副词前或后,人称代词宾格作宾语则必须放在动词和副词之间。
Before you decide to buy the shoes,you’d better try them on.
决定买鞋前你最好试穿一下。
【即学即练】单句语法填空
(1)It’s time for CCTV news.Please switch 　　　　　the TV.
(2)Reading takes 　　　　　most of my father’s spare time so he is very knowledgeable.
(3)Please drop me 　　　　　　 at the next station.My home is not far from there.
(4)Nobody should look down 　　　　　　others as everyone has something that deserves respecting.
(5)Kate,your study is in such a mess.Put 　　　　　all these things.
(6)Peter,don’t drive so fast.Slow 　　　　　right away.
on　
up　
off　
on/upon　
away　
down
本 课 结 束