外研版必修3 Module 5 Great people and Great Invention P4 Grammar Defining Attributive Clauses（共61张PPT）

课件61张PPT。M5Grammar ObjectiveTo learn about defining attributive clauses语法讲解建议采用归纳法，如尽可能多的呈现一些相关例句，或可让学生从已学课文中找相应例句，引导学生试着从所观察到的语言现象中总结出语言规则和语法规律。1. Ancient China was a place where states
were often at war with each other.
2. But it was also a time when there were
many great philosophers.
3. Confucius is the philosopher whose
influence has been the greatest. Are you familiar with these sentences?
They are all from our books we have
learned. 4. Mozi was another teacher who was very
influential.
5. He came from a family which was very
poor.
6. The California Earthquake of the 18th
of April 1906 is the worst earthquake
that has ever happened in the United
States. (P29, B3)
7. There are laws that do not allow people
to burn too much coal. (P39, B3)8. Mencius was a thinker whose
teachings were very similar to those
of Confucius.
9. For example, it is the country in which
silk was first invented.
10. He is a man of whom China can be
proud.to test your sense of observation
to test your ability of short-term memory
to test your ability to highlight the language pointsGuessGuessing Games1. Ancient China was a place _______ states
were often at war with each other.
2. But it was also a time _____ there were
many great philosophers.
3. Confucius is the philosopher _______
influence has been the greatest.
4. Mozi was another teacher ___ was very
influential.
5. He came from a family ______ was very
poor.wherewhenwhosewhowhich6. The California Earthquake of the 18th
of April 1906 is the worst earthquake
_____ has ever happened in the United
States. (P29, B3)
7. There are laws ____ do not allow people
to burn too much coal. (P39, B3)
8. Mencius was a thinker _______
teachings were very similar to those
of Confucius.
9. For example, it is the country in _______
silk was first invented.
10. He is a man of ______ China can be
proud.thatthatwhosewhichwhom1. After living in Paris for fifty years he
returned to the small town ___?he grew
up as a child.?
A. which B. when
C. that D. where
2. The boy ___ composition won the first
prize is the youngest in the group.
A. who B. whose
C. that D. which单选3. This is the store ____?we visited the
famous shop assistants.
A. where B. there
C. that? D. which
4. The gentleman ___?you told me
yesterday proved to be a thief. A. who B. about whom
C. whom D. with whom5. Please take any seat ____?is free. A. which B. where
C. in which D. that
6. This is the ship ____ we crossed the
Pacific. A. by which B. by that
C. where D. in which1. The person _________________ you
should write to is Mr. Ball.
2. The person to ______ you should write
is Mr. Ball.
3. The games __________ he competed in
were swimming and shooting.
4. The games in ______ he competed were
swimming and shooting.
5. Please tell me the reason _____ you
missed the plane. who/that/whomwhomwhich/thatwhich用适当的关系词填空。 why6. The poor boy _________ lost both his
parents last year lives with his
grandfather.
7. This is the factory _______________
he worked ten years ago.
8. This is the factory ___________ makes
toys.
9. He is the boy ______ family was poor.
10. The pen __________ he is writing
now was bought yesterday.who/thatwhere/in whichwhosewhich/thatwith which1. 在踢足球的男孩们是一班的。
The boys _____________________
are from Class One.
2. 他有一个朋友的父亲是医生。
He has a friend _____________________.
3. 我仍然记得第一次见到詹妮弗的那一
天。
I still remember the day ____________
____________.whose father is a doctor汉译英who are playing footballmet Jenniferwhen I first 4. 她是那个和我一起去那儿的女孩。
She is the girl _____________________.
5. 这就是那个去年我待的地方。
This is the city _______ I stayed last year.
= This is the city where I stayed last year.
6. 我永远不会忘记我和你待在一起的日子。
I'll never forget these days _________
______ I stayed with you.
= I'll never forget these days when I
stayed with you. with whom I went therein whichin/duringwhich以上我们已经通过归纳总结和练习对本课的语法内容有了一定的了解，下面就让我们根据
之前练习的考察情
况进一步选择讲解
该语法项的重难点。1. 定义：又称形容词性从句，在复合句中修饰名词或代词，起定语作用。2. 先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。3. 关系代词关系副词：引导定语从句的词。关系代词关系副词who, whom, whose, which, thatwhen, where, why在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语在定语从句中作状语定语从句 (Attributive Clauses)A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.句子主干：
定语从句：
先 行 词：
关系代词：A dictionary is a book.which gives the meaning of wordsbookwhichAttributive Clauses Analysis4. 分类：限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句限定性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，使先行词区别于同类其他事物；主句和从句之间不用逗号隔开。非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有这种从句不影响主句意思完整。一般用逗号把主句和从句分开。引导词：关系代词和关系副词，作宾语时一些关系代词可以省略。引导词：as, who, whom, whose, which, of which, when, where等，不用that或why,不能省略。Today we will focus on defining
attributive clauses (限制性定语从句)：
1. The teacher told me that Tom was the
only person that I could depend on.?
2. China is a country which has a long
history.?
3. In the street I saw a man who was from
Africa.? 关系代词的用法人；物物人人(人/物)的主语,宾语主语,宾语主语,宾语宾语定语作宾语可省作宾语可省作宾语可省可省不可省1. who指人，作主语或宾语 (作宾语可省略）
The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
A person who steals things is called a thief.
2. whom指人，作宾语 (作宾语可省略，如介词提前则不能省)
The man (whom/who) I talked to is Mr. Li.
The man to whom I talked is Mr. Li.3. whose 在定语从句中作定语，与后面的名词为所属关系。 whose多指人，也可指物，指物时可与 of which互换使用。
1. He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
2. The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
=The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
3. Do you like the book whose cover is yellow?
=Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow?? Do you know the girl whose hair is very short in our class?He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday. We found a house of which the roof had been damaged.
We found a house the roof of which had been damaged.
We found a house whose roof had been damaged.Read the three sentences. Their
meanings are the same.4. which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。
1. Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
2. He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers.??
3. This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.??
4. The film (which) they went to see last night was not interesting at all. 5. that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。
1. Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?
2. The person that/whom you introduced to me is very kind.??
3. The season that/which comes after spring is summer.??
4. Yesterday I received a letter that/which came from Australia. ?? (1) 限制性定语从句中先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, little, some等不定代词指物时。(something用that或which均可)
Have you taken down everything that Mr. Li said??
There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world.?that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换，但在下列情况下，一般用that而不用which。(2) There be 句型中用that。
There?is?a?book?on?the?desk?that?belongs?to?Tom.
(3) 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰。
This is the first book (that) he has read.
This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.
This is the first time (that) I am in Beijing.(4) 先行词是who或which引导的主句。
Who is the girl that drove the car?
Who that broke the window will be punished?
Which is the T-shirt that fits me most?
Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there? (5) 当先行词既有人又有物。
They talked about the persons and things that they remembered at school.
Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street.
(6) 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much, the only, the very, the last, just, right等修饰。
I’ve read all the books that are not mine.
This is the very book that belongs to him.(1) 紧跟介词作宾语
There are many trees under which they can have a rest.
(2) 在非限制性定语从句中（下节课重点介绍）
Football, which is a very popular game, is played all over the world.
The tree, which is 400 years old, is very famous here.
(3) 作定语
He may be late, in which case, we should wait for him.一般用which而不用that的情况。关系副词的用法不可省略时间地点原因状语状语状语when 在定语从句中作时间状语，先行词往往是表示时间的名词。相当于介词+which。若定语从句缺主语或宾语，需用which或that引导定语从句。
I’ll never forget the day when I joined the league.
I’ll never forget the time which/that was spent with you.on whichwhere在定语从句中作地点状语，先行词往往是表示地点的名词。相当于“介词 + which”。
若定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句。
This is the house where I lived two years ago.
The library (which/that) you visited yesterday was built in 1990.in whichwhere 引导的定语从句也可以修饰case, condition, situation, instance等先行词。
There are cases where this rule does not hold good.
Can you think of a situation where this word can be used?why在定语从句中作原因状语，常位于reason之后，相当于for which。
Do you know the reason why she was late?
The reason why / for which he refused the invitation is quite clear.? the reason why…is that… ……的原因是……
The reason why he resigned was that he quarreled with his boss.
Mencius believed that the reason why man is different from animals is that man is good.在the reason why …结构中，why 引导定语从句，它也可以换为for which或者省略。在从句中作原因状语。
如果关系代词指代先行词reason在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等时，则用that或which。
3.the reason is that…结构中，只能用that引导表语从句，不要受汉语的影响，误用because。Note1. I shall never forget those years ___ I
lived in the country with the farmers,
____ has a great effect on my life.
A. that; which B. when; which
C. which; that D. when; who
实例详解本题的第一个空格处应填入表示时间的关系副词when，在从句中作状语。答案：B。2. The English play ____ my students
acted at the New Year’s party was a
great success. A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which 本句属于“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句这一情况。通过拆分我们可以得 My students acted in the English play at the New Year’s party. 所以答案为C。比较:
1. Is this museum __ you visited a few days ago?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
2. Is this the museum __ the exhibition was held?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
变为肯定句分别为：
1. This museum is __ you visited a few days ago.
2. This is the museum __ the exhibition was held.在第1句中，主句中所缺部分为表语，从句中缺少宾语。只有the one既做了主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，相当于：the one that/which， 所以应选D。
在第2句中，主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组，可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on 用的不对，所以选A。 Review1. 复习where, when, who,
which, whose引导的
定语从句。
2. 复习介词+which/whom
引导的定语从句。阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
Throughout history, there used to be many great inventions, of _____ the car is one example. Being one of the most significant inventions in the 1920s, the car greatly changed the lives of Americans. It also helped America and ______ countries’ transportation. The first car with a combustion (燃烧) engine ___________ (invent) by Henry Ford. Henry Ford later founded the Ford Motor Company, which was known ____ its achievements in bringing its first affordablewhichotherwas inventedforcar to America, the Model-T.
Over the first few years of the 1920s, the car became a hit for everyone, especially young people who wanted _________ (free) and excitement. Soon, almost every household in America owned one. Parents drove to work in their cars. And young people found a whole new way _______(have) fun. Many people found it hard to drive on the poor dirt roads. So nationwide road construction took place,
created even more jobs and strengthened the economy even _______(far).
freedomto havewhichfurther1. It’s helpful to put children in a situation
_____ they can see themselves
differently. (2009 福建)
A. that B. when
C. which D. where
2. The house I grew up _______ has been
taken down and replaced by an office
building. (2009 江西)
A. in it B. in
C. in that D. in which 实战高考3. Gun control is a subject ___ Americans
have argued for a long time. (2009 陕西)
A. of which B. with which
C. about which D. into which
4. A person ____ e-mail account is full
won’t be able to send or receive any
e-mails. (2009 天津)
A. who B. whom
C. whose D. whoever5. I have reached a point in my life
______ I am supposed to make
decisions of my own. (2009 浙江)
A. which B. where
C. how D. why
6. I refuse to accept the blame for
something _____ was someone else’s
fault. (2010 全国II)
A. who B. that
C. as D. what7. Stephen Hawking believes that the
earth is unlikely to be the only planets
___ life has developed gradually.
(2010 福建)
A. that B. where
C. which D. whose
8. I’ve become good friend with several of
the student in my school ____ I meet in
the English speech contest last year.
(2010 湖南)
A. who B. where C. when D. which 9. That’s the new machine ____ parts
are too small to be seen. (2010 山东)
A. that B. which
C. whose D. what
10. Wind power is an ancient source of energy ___ we may return in the near future. (2010 上海)
A. on which B. by which
C. to which D. from which 11. A bank is the place ______ they lend
you an umbrella in fair weather and
ask for it back when it begins to rain.
(2011 浙江)
A. when B. that C. where D. there
12. The days are gone _______ physical
strength was all you needed to make
a living. (2011 天津)
A. when B. that
C. where D. which13. She showed he visitors around the
museum, the construction ____ has
taken more than three years.
(2011 江西)
A. for which B. with which
C. of which D. to which
14. The prize will go to the writer _____
story shows the most imagination.
(2011 全国新课标)
A. that B. which
C. whose D. what15. There is much truth in the idea ____
kindness is usually served by frankness.
(2012 上海)
A. why B. which C. that D. whether
16. Sales director is a position ______
communication ability is just as
important as sales. (2012 重庆)
A. which B. that C. when D. where17. A lot of language learning, has
been discovered, is happening in the
first year of life, so parents should talk
much to their children during that
period. (2012 安徽)
A. as B. it C. which D. this18. After the flooding, people were suffering
in that area,_______ urgently needed
clean water, medicine and shelter to
survive. (2012 江苏)
A. which B. who C. where D. what19. Many countries are now setting up
national parks animals and plants
can be protected. (2013北京)
A. when B. which
C. whose D. where
20. The book tells stories of the earthquake
through the eyes of those _______ lives
were affected. (2013福建)
A. whose B. that
C. who D. which21. Happiness and success often come to
those ________ are good at recognizing
their own strengths. (2013湖南)
A. whom B. who C. what D. which
22. Finally he reached a lonely island
_________ was completely cut off from
the outside world.
A. when B. where
C. which D. whom (2013山东) 23. Nowadays people are more concerned
about the environment ______ they live. (2013四川)
A. what B. which C. when D. where
24. When I arrived, Bryan took me to see
the house _______ I would be staying.
(2013新课标II卷)
A. what B. when
C. where D. whichHomework Do the exercises of Grammar on pages 44&47.Thank you.