2024届高三英语二轮专题构词法课件(共67张PPT)
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| 名称 | 2024届高三英语二轮专题构词法课件(共67张PPT) |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-11-06 21:06:00 | ||
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文档简介
(共67张PPT)
构词法
Morphology / Word Formation
转换法
合成法
截短法
混合法
首尾缩略法
派生法
英语构词法如同汉语的偏旁部首
推断词义
记忆单词
扩充词汇
1 转换法
v
n adv
adj
1 转换法
通常词形不变
偶尔读音变化 record n; record v
有些名词变动词，末尾要加 e.
breath n ---- breathe v
1 转换法 名词变动词
1 hand n ---- v
Would you please hand my book
2 seat n ---- vt 就座 (be seated)
He seated himself in the chair.
He was seated in the chair.
1 转换法 名词变动词
3 nurse n ---- v
nurse his parents/ sb
4 oil n ---- v
5 time n ---- v 定时、测时
（timer 定时器）
1 转换法 名词变动词
6 show n 展示、秀 ---- vt 表演、秀
reality show; show sb around
7 water n ---- v
water the flowers
(n---vt 后面直接加宾语)
1 转换法 动词变名词
1 stop v----n
bus stop/ station
2 watch v----n
take a watch/ look
3 look v----n
an excited look
1 转换法 动词变名词
4 walk v ---- n 行走，小路，人行道
5 love v ---- n peace and love
6 act v 行动，表现 ----n 行动，法案
7 guide v 指导 n 指南、向导
guide sb to do sth v
tourist guide n
1 转换法 动词变名词
8 taste v----n 味道、品味、口味
taste good
You have a good taste.
1 转换法 形容词转换为动词 （使动用法）
1 open adj 开着的---- v 开放、打开
open the door
2 clean adj 清洁的---- V 打扫
clean the classroom
3 free adj ---- v
free sb
1 转换法 形容词转换为动词 （使动用法）
4 slow adj----v
slow down/ speed up
5 narrow adj ---- v
a narrow escape
The selection was narrowed.
合成法
两个或两个以上的单词合成的词叫合成词 （叠加猜词义）
合成名词
合成形容词
合成副词
合成动词
合成词 合成名词
1 名词 + 名词
workshop; spaceship; chairman; boyfriend
girlfriend; tearoom; headache; mankind
postcard; postcode; website; birthplace
合成词 合成名词
2 形容词+ 名词
supermarket
greenhouse
wildlife
sidewalk
合成词 合成名词
3 动名词+ 名词 (用途)
reading room
dining-room
waiting room
writing desk
washing machine
boiling point
合成词 合成名词
动名词与现在分词做定语的区别
动名词做定语指的是事物的性质、特征和用途，可以翻译为：用来做。。。。
现在分词做定语强调的是这个事物正在进行的动作
a sleeping bag/ a sleeping boy
合成词 合成名词
4 名词+动名词
handwriting
sightseeing
problem-solving
合成词 合成名词
5 动词+名词
playground
typewriter
6 动词+副词
breakdown; breakthrough; clean-up
drawback; get-together
合成词 合成名词
7 副词+动词
income
intake
outbreak
outline
output
合成词 合成名词
8 其他类
grown-up
insight
passer-by
shortcoming
well-being
合成词 合成形容词
1 n/ adj/ adv +现在分词
energy-saving good-looking
easy-going English-speaking
hard-working
outstanding
合成词 合成形容词
2 n/ adj/ adv +过去分词
self-educated man-made
sunburnt well-known
task-based
widespread
outspoken
well-behaved
合成词 合成形容词
3 adj + n + ed
open-minded
narrow-minded
warm-hearted
wide-eyed
合成词 合成形容词
4 其他
underground; worldwide; face-to-face
homesick; nationwide; offshore
straightforward; two-year-old
up-to-date; worthwhile
full-time; tax-free
合成词 合成副词
1 程度
maybe
somewhat
合成词 合成副词
2 时间、频度
forever
nowadays
sometimes
whenever
合成词 合成副词
3 方位
anywhere; somewhere; elsewhere;
everywhere; nowhere; downstairs
upstairs; downtown; indoors; outdoors
wherever; sideways
合成词 合成副词
4 承接副词
anyway; anyhow;however; meanwhile; otherwise; somehow; therefore; moreover; furthermore
合成词 合成动词
underline brainstorm sleep-walk overhear
overthrow white-wash
safeguard
（bodyguard）
upset
截短法
即单词的缩写，词义和词性保持不变。有截头，去尾，和截头去尾三种
1 截头
telephone---phone
airplane----plane
截短法
即单词的缩写，词义和词性保持不变。有截头，去尾，和截头去尾三种
2 去尾
mathematics---maths
examination---exam
kilogram---kilo
laboratory---lab
截短法
即单词的缩写，词义和词性保持不变。有截头，去尾，和截头去尾三种
2 去尾
mathematics---maths
examination---exam
kilogram---kilo
laboratory---lab
截短法
即单词的缩写，词义和词性保持不变。有截头，去尾，和截头去尾三种
3 截头去尾
influenza---flu
refridgerator---fridge
prescription---script
混合法
即将两个词混合或者各取一部分紧缩而成的一个新词。通常后半部分表示主体，前半部分表示属性。
news broadcast --- newscast
television broadcast--- telecast
smoke fog --- smog
helicopter airport--- heliport
首尾缩略法
即用单词首字母组成一个新词
very important person VIP
most valuable player MVP
the United States of America the USA
the United Kindom of Great Britain the UK
派生法
在一个单词的前或后加上前缀或后缀构成一个新的单词。通常
前缀决定含义 un dis pre
后缀决定词性 ly ment ist
派生法 前缀
1 否定前缀
un- unfair; uncover; unable; unpack
unlike
im/in/ir/il- impossible; inexpensive;
illegal; impatient
派生法 前缀
1 否定前缀
mis- mistake; misunderstand; mistrust
dis- disable; discover; disadvantage
discourage; dishonest; disagree
non- non-stop; non-somking
派生法 前缀
1 否定前缀
anti- antiwar; antidrugs; anti-theft
派生法 前缀
2 “空间位置”前缀
pre/pro - progress; pre-reading
pre-war; preview
precedure
fore- forehead; forecast; forward
派生法 前缀
2 “空间位置”前缀
ex - 向外 export; expose
in/im- 在内 include; indoors; import
inter- interview; internet; international
intro- 向内 introduce
be- 靠近、变成 beside; befriend
派生法 前缀
2 “空间位置”前缀
sur - 在。。上 Surface
sub- 在下 subway; sub-zero
out- outlook
trans- 转移 translate; transplant;
transformer
派生法 前缀
2 “空间位置”前缀
tele - 远程 telecommunication
television; telephone
under - 下面、不足 undreline; underdeveloped
a- 处于状态 asleep; awake; ahead; alive
派生法 前缀
3 “共同、一起”前缀
com/con - company; connection
co - co-worker; co-operate
sym- sympathy
派生法 前缀
4 “时间、程度”前缀
extra- extraordinary ; extra-large
over- overpass; overcome; over-excited
overweight ; overtime;overcoat
overhead
super- superpower; superman; supermarket
派生法 前缀
4 “时间、程度”前缀
re- review; repeat; recall; return
post- postwar; post-reading
fore- foretell; forecast
ex- ex-wife; ex-president
派生法 前缀
5 “离开”前缀
a- away
de- depart; dewater; degrade; decrease
se- separate
派生法 前缀
6 “数量”前缀
bi- bicycle
micro- micro-soft; micro-wave; microphone
microbiology
mini- minibus; minicomputer
multi- multi-cultural; multimedia; multitask
派生法 前缀
7 “使动”前缀
en-
enable enlarge
encourage enrich
endanger enjoy
派生法 后缀
1 名词后缀表示人
er- speaker; employer; trainer; keeper;
lawyer; foreigner;interviewer
ee- employee; examinee; trainee; payee;
interviewee
or- actor; director; governor; professor; survivor
conductor
派生法 后缀
1 名词后缀表示人
eer- volunteer; engineer;
ess- waitress; actress;hostess
ian- musician; politician; American;
Australian; Indian; Egyptian
派生法 后缀
1 名词后缀表示人
ese- Chinese; Japanese
ist- artist; socialist; scientist; specialist; tourist
派生法 后缀
2 名词后缀表示抽象事物
er/or- cooker; best-seller; drawer; calculator; processor
ment- achievement; judgement; treatment; argument;improvement; commitment;
tion/sion- decision; imprssion; concentration;
contribution; donation; pollution; permission; education; addition
派生法 后缀
2 名词后缀表示抽象事物
ship 关系- mumbership; friendship; leadership
hood 关系- childhood; neighbourhood; brotherhood
ism- socialism;Marxism
ness- kindness; happiness; weakness; coldness; awareness
派生法 后缀
2 名词后缀表示抽象事物
age- 状态 package;marriage; storage; percentage
ure- 结果 failure; exposure; mixture; signature; pleasure
procedure
y- 状态、倾向 injury; difficulty; safety; discovery; necessity; responsibility; similarity
adj:guilty; dusty;hilly; wealthy; sleepy; handy; worthy
派生法 后缀
2 名词后缀表示抽象事物
ance/ence- appearance; difference;
dom- wisdom; freedom; boredom;kingdom
th- strength; length; warmth; wealth; wideth; growth;
派生法 后缀
2 名词后缀表示抽象事物
ing- feeling; building; beginning; accounting; understanding; warning
al- arrival; survival
ful- armful; handful; mouthful
派生法 后缀
3 形容词后缀
able/ible- reasonable;comfortable;horrible;
disabled; available; portable;
reliable; suitable; flexible
al/ ial- technical; material; exceptional; universal; financial; chemical; industrial
派生法 后缀
3 形容词后缀
ful- beautiful; wonderful; thankful;grateful;awful
careful; helpful; useful; powerful;thoughtful
merciful; forgetful;
less- useless; homeless; careless; helpless;
worthless; countless; breathless; tireless
effortless;
派生法 后缀
3 形容词后缀
ous/ious- famous; humorous; curious; nervous
serious; adventurous; delicious; obvious
various
ic/ical- scientific; historical; classic; energetic
alcoholic; dynamic; heroic
派生法 后缀
3 形容词后缀
ary- extraordinary;
revolutionary;
documentory
imaginary;
controdictory
explanatory
派生法 后缀
4 副词后缀
ly- unfortunately; natuarally; finally; immediately
easily; seriously
ward/wards- northward; backword; forward;towards; afterwards; outwards
派生法 后缀
4 副词后缀
ive- 有倾向 alternative; impressive
imaginative; informative; massive;
progressive
ly- 定期，倾向 monthly; weekly; lonely; costly
deadly; timely; lively; motherly
派生法 后缀
5 动词后缀
en- broaden; quicken; shorten; widen; darken
deepen; harden; ripen; strenthen
(i)fy- 定期，倾向 beautify; satisfy; terrify;
clarify; qualify; simplify
派生法 后缀
5 动词后缀
ize/ise- organize; realize; specialize; modernize
ate- educate; operate; graduate; separate
concentrate; activate; circulate
ish- publish; astonish
quiz
nurse his husband
cloud her mood
well-designed tools
unconditional love
nonjudegemental listeners
构词法
Morphology / Word Formation
转换法
合成法
截短法
混合法
首尾缩略法
派生法
英语构词法如同汉语的偏旁部首
推断词义
记忆单词
扩充词汇
1 转换法
v
n adv
adj
1 转换法
通常词形不变
偶尔读音变化 record n; record v
有些名词变动词，末尾要加 e.
breath n ---- breathe v
1 转换法 名词变动词
1 hand n ---- v
Would you please hand my book
2 seat n ---- vt 就座 (be seated)
He seated himself in the chair.
He was seated in the chair.
1 转换法 名词变动词
3 nurse n ---- v
nurse his parents/ sb
4 oil n ---- v
5 time n ---- v 定时、测时
（timer 定时器）
1 转换法 名词变动词
6 show n 展示、秀 ---- vt 表演、秀
reality show; show sb around
7 water n ---- v
water the flowers
(n---vt 后面直接加宾语)
1 转换法 动词变名词
1 stop v----n
bus stop/ station
2 watch v----n
take a watch/ look
3 look v----n
an excited look
1 转换法 动词变名词
4 walk v ---- n 行走，小路，人行道
5 love v ---- n peace and love
6 act v 行动，表现 ----n 行动，法案
7 guide v 指导 n 指南、向导
guide sb to do sth v
tourist guide n
1 转换法 动词变名词
8 taste v----n 味道、品味、口味
taste good
You have a good taste.
1 转换法 形容词转换为动词 （使动用法）
1 open adj 开着的---- v 开放、打开
open the door
2 clean adj 清洁的---- V 打扫
clean the classroom
3 free adj ---- v
free sb
1 转换法 形容词转换为动词 （使动用法）
4 slow adj----v
slow down/ speed up
5 narrow adj ---- v
a narrow escape
The selection was narrowed.
合成法
两个或两个以上的单词合成的词叫合成词 （叠加猜词义）
合成名词
合成形容词
合成副词
合成动词
合成词 合成名词
1 名词 + 名词
workshop; spaceship; chairman; boyfriend
girlfriend; tearoom; headache; mankind
postcard; postcode; website; birthplace
合成词 合成名词
2 形容词+ 名词
supermarket
greenhouse
wildlife
sidewalk
合成词 合成名词
3 动名词+ 名词 (用途)
reading room
dining-room
waiting room
writing desk
washing machine
boiling point
合成词 合成名词
动名词与现在分词做定语的区别
动名词做定语指的是事物的性质、特征和用途，可以翻译为：用来做。。。。
现在分词做定语强调的是这个事物正在进行的动作
a sleeping bag/ a sleeping boy
合成词 合成名词
4 名词+动名词
handwriting
sightseeing
problem-solving
合成词 合成名词
5 动词+名词
playground
typewriter
6 动词+副词
breakdown; breakthrough; clean-up
drawback; get-together
合成词 合成名词
7 副词+动词
income
intake
outbreak
outline
output
合成词 合成名词
8 其他类
grown-up
insight
passer-by
shortcoming
well-being
合成词 合成形容词
1 n/ adj/ adv +现在分词
energy-saving good-looking
easy-going English-speaking
hard-working
outstanding
合成词 合成形容词
2 n/ adj/ adv +过去分词
self-educated man-made
sunburnt well-known
task-based
widespread
outspoken
well-behaved
合成词 合成形容词
3 adj + n + ed
open-minded
narrow-minded
warm-hearted
wide-eyed
合成词 合成形容词
4 其他
underground; worldwide; face-to-face
homesick; nationwide; offshore
straightforward; two-year-old
up-to-date; worthwhile
full-time; tax-free
合成词 合成副词
1 程度
maybe
somewhat
合成词 合成副词
2 时间、频度
forever
nowadays
sometimes
whenever
合成词 合成副词
3 方位
anywhere; somewhere; elsewhere;
everywhere; nowhere; downstairs
upstairs; downtown; indoors; outdoors
wherever; sideways
合成词 合成副词
4 承接副词
anyway; anyhow;however; meanwhile; otherwise; somehow; therefore; moreover; furthermore
合成词 合成动词
underline brainstorm sleep-walk overhear
overthrow white-wash
safeguard
（bodyguard）
upset
截短法
即单词的缩写，词义和词性保持不变。有截头，去尾，和截头去尾三种
1 截头
telephone---phone
airplane----plane
截短法
即单词的缩写，词义和词性保持不变。有截头，去尾，和截头去尾三种
2 去尾
mathematics---maths
examination---exam
kilogram---kilo
laboratory---lab
截短法
即单词的缩写，词义和词性保持不变。有截头，去尾，和截头去尾三种
2 去尾
mathematics---maths
examination---exam
kilogram---kilo
laboratory---lab
截短法
即单词的缩写，词义和词性保持不变。有截头，去尾，和截头去尾三种
3 截头去尾
influenza---flu
refridgerator---fridge
prescription---script
混合法
即将两个词混合或者各取一部分紧缩而成的一个新词。通常后半部分表示主体，前半部分表示属性。
news broadcast --- newscast
television broadcast--- telecast
smoke fog --- smog
helicopter airport--- heliport
首尾缩略法
即用单词首字母组成一个新词
very important person VIP
most valuable player MVP
the United States of America the USA
the United Kindom of Great Britain the UK
派生法
在一个单词的前或后加上前缀或后缀构成一个新的单词。通常
前缀决定含义 un dis pre
后缀决定词性 ly ment ist
派生法 前缀
1 否定前缀
un- unfair; uncover; unable; unpack
unlike
im/in/ir/il- impossible; inexpensive;
illegal; impatient
派生法 前缀
1 否定前缀
mis- mistake; misunderstand; mistrust
dis- disable; discover; disadvantage
discourage; dishonest; disagree
non- non-stop; non-somking
派生法 前缀
1 否定前缀
anti- antiwar; antidrugs; anti-theft
派生法 前缀
2 “空间位置”前缀
pre/pro - progress; pre-reading
pre-war; preview
precedure
fore- forehead; forecast; forward
派生法 前缀
2 “空间位置”前缀
ex - 向外 export; expose
in/im- 在内 include; indoors; import
inter- interview; internet; international
intro- 向内 introduce
be- 靠近、变成 beside; befriend
派生法 前缀
2 “空间位置”前缀
sur - 在。。上 Surface
sub- 在下 subway; sub-zero
out- outlook
trans- 转移 translate; transplant;
transformer
派生法 前缀
2 “空间位置”前缀
tele - 远程 telecommunication
television; telephone
under - 下面、不足 undreline; underdeveloped
a- 处于状态 asleep; awake; ahead; alive
派生法 前缀
3 “共同、一起”前缀
com/con - company; connection
co - co-worker; co-operate
sym- sympathy
派生法 前缀
4 “时间、程度”前缀
extra- extraordinary ; extra-large
over- overpass; overcome; over-excited
overweight ; overtime;overcoat
overhead
super- superpower; superman; supermarket
派生法 前缀
4 “时间、程度”前缀
re- review; repeat; recall; return
post- postwar; post-reading
fore- foretell; forecast
ex- ex-wife; ex-president
派生法 前缀
5 “离开”前缀
a- away
de- depart; dewater; degrade; decrease
se- separate
派生法 前缀
6 “数量”前缀
bi- bicycle
micro- micro-soft; micro-wave; microphone
microbiology
mini- minibus; minicomputer
multi- multi-cultural; multimedia; multitask
派生法 前缀
7 “使动”前缀
en-
enable enlarge
encourage enrich
endanger enjoy
派生法 后缀
1 名词后缀表示人
er- speaker; employer; trainer; keeper;
lawyer; foreigner;interviewer
ee- employee; examinee; trainee; payee;
interviewee
or- actor; director; governor; professor; survivor
conductor
派生法 后缀
1 名词后缀表示人
eer- volunteer; engineer;
ess- waitress; actress;hostess
ian- musician; politician; American;
Australian; Indian; Egyptian
派生法 后缀
1 名词后缀表示人
ese- Chinese; Japanese
ist- artist; socialist; scientist; specialist; tourist
派生法 后缀
2 名词后缀表示抽象事物
er/or- cooker; best-seller; drawer; calculator; processor
ment- achievement; judgement; treatment; argument;improvement; commitment;
tion/sion- decision; imprssion; concentration;
contribution; donation; pollution; permission; education; addition
派生法 后缀
2 名词后缀表示抽象事物
ship 关系- mumbership; friendship; leadership
hood 关系- childhood; neighbourhood; brotherhood
ism- socialism;Marxism
ness- kindness; happiness; weakness; coldness; awareness
派生法 后缀
2 名词后缀表示抽象事物
age- 状态 package;marriage; storage; percentage
ure- 结果 failure; exposure; mixture; signature; pleasure
procedure
y- 状态、倾向 injury; difficulty; safety; discovery; necessity; responsibility; similarity
adj:guilty; dusty;hilly; wealthy; sleepy; handy; worthy
派生法 后缀
2 名词后缀表示抽象事物
ance/ence- appearance; difference;
dom- wisdom; freedom; boredom;kingdom
th- strength; length; warmth; wealth; wideth; growth;
派生法 后缀
2 名词后缀表示抽象事物
ing- feeling; building; beginning; accounting; understanding; warning
al- arrival; survival
ful- armful; handful; mouthful
派生法 后缀
3 形容词后缀
able/ible- reasonable;comfortable;horrible;
disabled; available; portable;
reliable; suitable; flexible
al/ ial- technical; material; exceptional; universal; financial; chemical; industrial
派生法 后缀
3 形容词后缀
ful- beautiful; wonderful; thankful;grateful;awful
careful; helpful; useful; powerful;thoughtful
merciful; forgetful;
less- useless; homeless; careless; helpless;
worthless; countless; breathless; tireless
effortless;
派生法 后缀
3 形容词后缀
ous/ious- famous; humorous; curious; nervous
serious; adventurous; delicious; obvious
various
ic/ical- scientific; historical; classic; energetic
alcoholic; dynamic; heroic
派生法 后缀
3 形容词后缀
ary- extraordinary;
revolutionary;
documentory
imaginary;
controdictory
explanatory
派生法 后缀
4 副词后缀
ly- unfortunately; natuarally; finally; immediately
easily; seriously
ward/wards- northward; backword; forward;towards; afterwards; outwards
派生法 后缀
4 副词后缀
ive- 有倾向 alternative; impressive
imaginative; informative; massive;
progressive
ly- 定期，倾向 monthly; weekly; lonely; costly
deadly; timely; lively; motherly
派生法 后缀
5 动词后缀
en- broaden; quicken; shorten; widen; darken
deepen; harden; ripen; strenthen
(i)fy- 定期，倾向 beautify; satisfy; terrify;
clarify; qualify; simplify
派生法 后缀
5 动词后缀
ize/ise- organize; realize; specialize; modernize
ate- educate; operate; graduate; separate
concentrate; activate; circulate
ish- publish; astonish
quiz
nurse his husband
cloud her mood
well-designed tools
unconditional love
nonjudegemental listeners