人教版（2019）选择性必修 第二册　UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS知识点课件(共72张PPT)

(共72张PPT)
选择性必修第二册
UNIT 1　SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS
(主题语境：人与社会——人物情况)
Ⅰ.立体巧记单词
A.识记法填空
1._________ adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的
2.____________ vi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费 )
3.__________ vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象
4.________ vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n.责备；指责
5._________ n.把手；拉手；柄 vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)；(用手)触碰
severe
subscribe
suspect
blame
handle
6._______ n.联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联
7.___________ n.减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低
8.____________ vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变
9.___________ n.思想；思维；见解
10.__________ n.发现；调查结果；(法律)判决
11.__________ adj.最初的；开始的；第一的
12.________ adj.可靠的；固体的；坚实的 n.固体
link
decrease
transform
thinking
finding
initial
solid
13._______ vt.(cast，cast)投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷
14._________ n.阴影；影子；背光处
15._______ vt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)
16._____________ n.领导；领导地位；领导才能
17.________ vt.追溯；追踪；查出 n.痕迹；遗迹；踪迹
18.______________ adj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的
19.___________ adj.抽象的；理性的 n.(文献等的)摘要
20.__________ n.概念；观念
cast
shadow
pour
leadership
trace
outstanding
abstract
concept
21.__________ prep.除……之外(还) adv.而且；此外
22.____________ adj.聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的
23.______________ adv.此外；再者
24.________ n.弱点；过错
25.________ n.改变；转换；轮班 vi.& vt.转移；挪动；转向
besides
brilliant
furthermore
fault
shift
26.contradictory adj.__________________________________
27.germ n.________________________
28.pump n.________________________
29.water pump__________
30.household n.__________________________________________
31.raw adj.______________________________________
32.statistic n.[pl.]________________________[pl.]____________
33.microscope n.____________
相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的
微生物；细菌；病菌
泵；抽水机；打气筒
水泵
一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人
未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的
统计数字；统计资料
统计学
显微镜
34.protein n.____________
35.cell n.____________________________
36.virus n.__________
37.framework n.________________
38.theoretical framework______________
39.rainbow n.__________
40.concrete n.___________ adj.________________________________
蛋白质
细胞；小房间；单间牢房
病毒
框架；结构
理论框架
彩虹
混凝土
混凝土制的；确实的；具体的
41.mechanic n.________________________
42.missile n.__________
43.astronomer n.______________
44.telescope n.____________
机械师；机械修理工
导弹
天文学家
望远镜
B.构词法拓展
1._____________ adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的→__________ vt.使懊恼；使沮丧→______________ n.沮丧；懊恼；挫败
2._____________ n.感染；传染→__________ vt.使感染；传染
→______________ adj.感染的；传染的
3.________ n.证据；证明；检验→________ vt.证明 ________ v.证明是
4.___________ adj.数量多的；多种多样的→___________ vi.& vt.乘；繁殖
frustrated
frustrate
frustration
infection
infect
infectious
proof
prove
prove
multiple
multiply
5._____________ n.介入；出面；干涉→___________ vi.干扰；介入
6._______ adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的→_________ adv.完全地；纯粹地→_________ vt.净化；使……洁净
7._____________ adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的→____________ n.物质；物品；事实基础；根据
8._________ vt.保卫；防守；辩解→__________________ n.防御；保卫；保护
intervention
intervene
pure
purely
purify
substantial
substance
defend
defense/defence
9.____________ n.助理；助手→_________ vt.& vi.帮助；协助→_____________ n.帮助；协助；援助
10._________ adj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→_______ n.礼物；天赋
11._________ adj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的→___________ adv.稳定地；持续地
12.________ adj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的→__________ adv.生动地；逼真地；鲜明地
assistant
assist
assistance
gifted
gift
steady
steadily
vivid
vividly
C.应用法塑能
1.(2022·全国乙卷)Engineers are now working on a new __________(概念)：the rail drones of the future.
2.(2022·全国甲卷)If you are looking for the best comedies on tour and ____________(绝妙的)live music，you should start here.
3.(2022·全国Ⅱ卷)Register online or fill out a Group Play Registration Form with ___________(数量多的)date and start time options.
concept
brilliant
multiple
4.(2022·全国Ⅱ卷)And the reason they got so much stronger and fitter was that their hearts could now fill a lot better and _______(泵送)a lot more blood during exercise.
5.(朗文当代)Opposition leaders will be watching carefully to see how the Prime Minister __________(处理) the crisis.
6.(2022·全国乙卷)They suffered _________(十分严重的) hardships.
7.(剑桥高阶)_______(倒出) the honey into the bowl and mix it thoroughly with the other ingredients.
pump
handles
severe
Pour
8.(天津卷)I liked facts，things that are concrete.I thought anything ___________(抽象的) left too much room for argument.
9.(剑桥高阶)__________(最初的) reports say that seven people have died，though this has not yet been confirmed.
10.(朗文当代)Joe listened，__________(shift) uncomfortably from one foot to another.
11.With solid ________，the lawyer can certainly ________ that he is innocent.(prove)
abstract
Initial
shifting
proof
prove
12.He was ___________ with an _____________ disease and the serious ____________ likely claimed his life.(infect)
13.He，an ___________，came to my ____________；that is to say，he ___________ me in finishing the impossible task on time.(assist)
14.To _________ her from being hurt，I must say something in her __________.(defend)
15.Lang Lang is a _________ pianist and he has a great _______ for playing the piano.(gift)
infected
infectious
infection
assistant
assistance
assisted
defend
defence
gifted
gift
16.I often got ____________ in this job and the constant _____________ almost made me quit the job.(frustrate)
17.With ________ policies，the company's exports have been increasing ___________.(steady)
18.The problem lies in deciding when to __________.The ____________ will help settle the problem.(intervene)
frustrated
frustration
steady
steadily
intervene
intervention
Ⅱ.语境助记短语
A.写准记牢
1.___________________最终地；彻底地
2._______________同意；赞同
3.____________幸亏；由于
4.____________(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发
once and for all
subscribe to
thanks to
break out
5._______________主管；掌管
6.____________患(病)；染上(小病)
7.____________最重要的是；尤其是
8.___________死于
9.__________及时；迟早
10._______________________很可能做某事
in charge of
come down
above all
die from
in time
be likely to do sth.
B.语境运用
1.(朗文当代)Max is hardworking，cheerful，and ____________honest.
2.(剑桥高阶)Our intention is to destroy their offensive capability ___________________.
3.(剑桥高阶)Frank ________________ the belief that human kindness would overcome evil.
4.(朗文当代)Fighting ____________ between demonstrators and the police.
above all
once and for all
subscribed to
broke out
5.(剑桥高阶)I left Jack _______________ the suitcase while I went to get the tickets.
6.(剑桥高阶)She ___________ hunger/cancer/a heart attack/her injuries.
7.(2020·天津卷)While libraries still loan out(出借) books，you'll find it easier to get a copy of whatever you're looking for，____________ a cooperative network of area libraries.
in charge of
died from
thanks to
Ⅲ.仿写速记句式
A.原句译背
1.until引导的时间状语从句
Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome.
__________________________________________________________________________________________
在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。
2.so...that...如此……以至于……
He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.
______________________________________________________________________________
3.that引导的宾语从句
Snow suspected that the water pump was to blame.
________________________________
他发现在两条特别的街道上，霍乱爆发是如此严重以至于十天内死了500多人。
斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。
4.It seemed that...似乎……
It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.
__________________________________________________________________________
5.have＋宾语＋宾语补足语
Accordingly，he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.
________________________________________________________
该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。
因此，他让人把水泵的把手去掉，这样水泵就用不成了。
6.形容词短语作状语
Most people are familiar with images of him in his wheelchair，unable to move and using a computer to talk.
______________________________________________________________________
大多数人都很熟悉他坐在轮椅上无法动弹，只能通过电脑来说话的样子。
B.仿写美句
1.I would wait _________________________________.
我会等到他来帮我。
2.(剑桥高阶)The film's plot _____________________ I couldn't follow it.
这部电影的故事情节是如此复杂以至于我看不懂。
until he came to my assistance
was so complex that
3.____________________________________ from reading the English newspaper Youth.
我认为我从读英文报Youth中获益良多。
4._________________________________________ solving the math problem.
似乎我们很难解出这个数学题。
5.He was frightened to death，________________________.
他吓得要死，不能挪动一步。
I think that I have benefited a lot
It seemed that we had great difficulty
unable to move an inch
John Snow became ______________(frustrate) when a severe cholera hit Europe in the early 19th century. At that time no one knew _______ to prevent or treat cholera. ___________ ，he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all. After much research，Snow subscribed to the theory that cholera ______________(cause) by an _____________(infect) from germs in food or water. Snow began by ___________(mark) on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived. As _____ result，John Snow was able to
1.frustrated
2.how
3.However
4.was caused
5.infection
6.marking
7.a
announce that the pump water ________(carry) cholera germs. ____________ (according)，he had the handle of the pump ____________ (remove) so that it could not be used. Through this intervention，the disease was defeated.
8.carried
9.Accordingly
10.removed
1.blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n.指责；责备
(1)be to blame(for sth.)(对某事)负有责任，应受责备
blame sb.for sth.因某事责备某人；把某事归咎于某人
put the blame for sth. on sth.把某事归咎于某事
blame sth.on sb./sth.把某事归咎于某人/某事
(2)take the blame承担过错
表示某人该受责备时，常用主动形式sb.be to blame表示被动意义。
单句填空夯基
①(全国Ⅲ卷)Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning，and put the blame _____ the alarm clock.
②I'm not going to sit around and take ______ blame for a mistake he made.
③_________(blame) for the breakdown of the school computer network，Alice was in low spirits.
④(朗文当代)Officials believe that more than one person may be ___________(blame) for the fire.
on
the
Blamed
to blame
写作运用提能
⑤When getting along with others，we shouldn't always _____________ ______________.After all，many times _____________________.So instead of _________________，we should communicate more and put ourselves in others' place.
当和其他人相处时，我们不应该总是把错误归咎于其他人。毕竟，很多时候我们也负有责任。因此，我们应该多交流、换位思考，而不是指责其他人。(话题写作之人际交往)
blame others
for mistakes
we are also to blame
blaming others
2.decrease n.减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低
(1)decrease to...减少到……
decrease by...减少了……
decrease from...to...从……减少到……
(2)on the decrease正在减少
on the increase正在增加
单句填空夯基
①______________(decrease) the amount of rubbish and to protect the environment，more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.
②The number of people aged 50 and under will decrease _____ 30% during the time.
To decrease
by
写作运用提能
③Because of human activities，the number of some rare animals ____________________________________.
由于人类活动，一些稀有动物的数目在减少。(decrease)
is on the decrease/ is decreasing
3.transform vt.使改观；使改变形态 vi.改变；转变
transform sb./sth.改变/转化某人/某物
transform...into...使……变成……
be transformed from...into...由……变成……
单句填空夯基
①Their joint efforts have transformed the bald hill _______ one covered with green trees.
②______________(transform) into a frog by the witch(巫婆)，the prince was driven out of the castle.
into
Transformed
写作运用提能
③Your generous help ________________________________________ __________________________________.
您的慷慨帮助将我的第一次美国之旅变成了一个难忘的回忆。
transformed/turned my first American trip into
an unforgettable memory
4.defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解
(1)defend...against/from(doing...)保护……免受……
defend oneself自卫；为自己辩护
(2)defenc(s)e n.防御；保卫；保护
in defence(of)保护；为了保卫；(为……)辩护
in one's defence为某人辩护
单句填空夯基
①The law allows people to defend themselves _______________ a charge.
②The assistant stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands as if _____ defence.
from/against
in
写作运用提能
③Seeing the fierce snake，___________________________________. (defend)
→Seeing the fierce snake，__________________________________ __________.(defence)
看到这条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子。(读后续写之肢体动作描写)
he rushed to defend his son like an arrow
he rushed in defence of his son like an
arrow
5.come down(with...)染上；得了(……病)；患(病)
come across(偶然)遇见；碰见；被理解
come about发生(无被动形式)
come on加油；到来；得了吧
come out出版；结果是；(花)开放
come up走近；上来；被提出
come up with提出；想出(主意、计划、回答等)
when it comes to...当谈及……
单句填空夯基
①Above all，tell me how the accident came ________ immediately.
②My assistant's first novel came ______，which made me proud of him.
③She came _______ with this summer flu everyone's getting and went home before I got in.
④(牛津高阶)He spoke for a long time but his meaning didn't really come _________.
about
out
down
across
写作运用提能
⑤___________________(当谈及) English learning，I have the following practical suggestions to share.Firstly，when you ______________ (遇见) unfamiliar words，don't always refer to the dictionary.Furthermore，when teachers' questions __________(被提及) in class，you should try to _______________(想出) answers.Lastly，if you fail，you must say to yourself，“__________(加油)！”(应用文写作之建议信)
When it comes to
come across
come up
come up with
Come on
6.above all最重要的是；首先；尤其是
after all毕竟；终究
first of all首先；第一
all in all整体说来；总而言之
in all全部；合计
at all(否定句)一点也(不)；(疑问句)到底；究竟
单句填空夯基
①Thanks to your timely and generous help，I managed to handle the four problems _____ all.
用all的相关短语填空提能
②The university I recommend to you is Beijing Language and Culture University.______________________，you'd better learn some basic Chinese before you come.____________，you will be under completely unfamiliar circumstances.______________，studying for a degree in a different culture is not easy _________.(应用文写作之推荐信)
in
First of all/Above all
After all
All in all
at all
7.Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world，until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome.
在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。
(1)由until引导的时间状语从句，若主句的谓语动词是延续性的，那么这个主句需用肯定形式；若主句的谓语动词是非延续性的，则主句常用否定式，构成not...until...结构。
(2)倒装结构：部分倒装“Not until＋时间状语从句或短语＋谓语助动词＋主语＋谓语动词”。
(3)强调结构：It is/was not until＋时间状语从句或短语＋that＋主句部分。
单句填空夯基
①I would keep working on the farm ________ I earned enough money to help my father buy a new tractor.
写作运用提能
②(此题已删，给您带来的不便，请广大师生谅解。)(2022·全国乙卷，书面表达)__________________________________________________ ___________________________
正是口语能力使我们能够与他人交流。
until
It's the speaking capability that enables us to communicate
with others.
②I wasn't aware that bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened ___________________________________.(not...until)
→_____________________________________________________ bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened.(倒装句)
→________________________________________________________ bad fortune might be the door waiting to be opened.(强调句)
直到我经历了这场事故，我才意识到坏运气有可能是正在等待开启的门。(读后续写之升华句)
until I experienced the accident
Not until I experienced the accident was I aware that
It was not until I experienced the accident that I was aware that
8.He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days.
他发现在两条特别的街道上，霍乱爆发是如此严重以至于十天内死了500多人。
so/such...that...引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。
(1)so...that...句型的常见形式：
so＋adj./adv.＋that...
so＋adj.＋a/an＋n.(单数)＋that...
so＋many/much/few/little(少)＋n.(复数或不可数)＋that...
(2)such...that...句型的常见形式：
such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.(单数)＋that...
such＋adj.＋n.(复数或不可数)＋that...
当so/such...放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装语序。
单句填空夯基
①It is normal for _______ little boys to eat _____ little food，so don't blame them.
such
so
写作运用提能
②He was ________________ he felt his tongue tied and palms sweating.
→______________________ he felt his tongue tied and palms sweating. (用倒装句改写)
他是如此紧张，以至于他感觉舌头打结，手心出汗。(读后续写之紧张心理描写)
③___________________________________，so I am specially writing to congratulate you.
你取得了如此巨大的进步，所以我专门写信祝贺你。(应用文写作之祝贺信)
so nervous that
So nervous was he that
You have made such great progress
9.Accordingly，he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.
因此，他让人把水泵的把手去掉，这样水泵就用不成了。
have sth. done使某事被做；请人做某事；主语遭遇到某事
have sb. do sth.让某人做某事
have sb./sth. doing sth.让某人一直做某事或让某事处于某种状态
can't have sb. doing sth.不能容忍某人做某事
have sth. to do有某事要做
单句填空夯基
①(2022·全国甲卷)It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels ______(cut) by manufacturers(制造商) so they can avoid paying the tax.
②(2020·天津卷)The dancer's incredible performance had the audience on its feet ___________(clap) for 10 minutes at the end of the show.
③Our headteacher can't have us __________(waste) our time.Even if we have finished our homework，he always has us _______(read) classics to widen our horizons.
cut
clapping
wasting
read
写作运用提能
④(2020·全国Ⅱ，书面表达)We began to help pick peaches and then ____________________________________________.
我们开始帮忙摘桃子，然后让人把它们送到农民家里。
⑤I am terribly sorry for _____________________________________，because _____________________________________ just now.
我非常抱歉让你等了这么长时间，因为刚才我有一件紧急的事情要处理。(应用文写作之道歉信)
had them delivered to the farmers' houses
having you waiting for me for so long
I had an urgent thing to attend to
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练
1.handle
A．vt.处理　B．v.操纵　C．n.把手　D．vt.(用手)触、碰、拿
(1)Don't handle the vase as if it were made of steel.____
(2)Driving a car is not just handling controls and judging speed and distance.____
(3)Tea in China was traditionally drunk from cups without handles.____
(4)We must learn to handle conflicts calmly and wisely.____
D
B
C
A
2.subscribe
A．vi.订阅　B．vi.赞成；同意　C．vi.捐助
(1)He subscribes to the view that we can tackle the severe problem in this way once and for all.____
(2)This is the school the outstanding and patriotic scientist subscribed to generously in the past.____
(3)Using the money I earned in the holiday，I have subscribed to multiple magazines recently.____
B
C
A
3.快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思
(1)The research lacks solid proof，and therefore，its conclusions are doubtful.____________
(2)It's my turn to be on the night shift.__________
(3)He read through the papers and made an abstract of their contents.
__________
可靠的
轮班
摘要
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.(2022·全国甲卷)That way，there would always be people here ____________(handle) customer inquiries，phone calls，and so on.
2.(2022·浙江1月卷)The age of electricity is closely linked _______ the steam age.
3.(2021·全国甲卷)After spending some time looking at all the ____________(defend) equipment at the wall，we decided it was time for some action and what better than to ride on a piece of history！
to handle
with
defensive
4.(2021·全国乙卷)People ____________________(pour) into stadiums since the days of ancient Greece.
5.(柯林斯词典)Thomas came _______ with chickenpox(水痘)at the weekend.
6.(朗文当代)I was still living in London when the war broke ______.
7.(牛津高阶)The authorities no longer subscribe _____ the view that disabled people are unsuitable as teachers.
have been pouring
down
out
to
8.(朗文当代)Average house prices decreased _____ 13% last year.
9.(2022·全国乙卷)____________(initial)the sugar tax was expected to make ￡520m a year for the Treasury.
10.(2022·全国乙卷)Our ___________(find) suggest when a child “hides” by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism.
by
Initially
findings
Ⅲ.句篇写作增分
话题写作之人物介绍—我国航天事业的先驱：钱学森
1._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
钱学森于1911年12月11日出生在浙江一个富裕的家庭，他才华横溢，小时候被认为是一个“天才”男孩。(household；brilliant；gifted)
　Born into a wealthy household on December 11,1911，Zhejiang Province，Qian Xuesen was so brilliant that he was regarded as a “super-gifted” boy in his childhood.
2._____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
淞沪会战爆发两年后，他从上海交通大学毕业，前往美国深造。他在那里获得了博士学位。(break out；graduate from)
3._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
他于1955年最终回到了自己的祖国，尽管美国政府不同意并进行了严厉的干预。(once and for all；subscribe to；severe；intervention)
　Two years after the Songhu Battle broke out，he graduated from Shanghai Jiao Tong University and went to the United States for his further study，where he gained his doctor's degree.
　He returned to his homeland in 1955 once and for all，though the US government didn't subscribe to it and made severe intervention.
4._______________________________________________________________________________________
回国后，他将自己的一生奉献给了中国的航空航天工业。(devote...to..；aerospace)
5.______________________________________________________________________________________
他负责火箭和导弹的设计和研究。(handle；in charge of)
　After he returned to China，he devoted all his life to China's aerospace industry.
　He handled the design and was in charge of the research of rockets and missiles.
6._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
由于他的杰出成就，我们在保卫我们美丽家园的道路上扎实稳步前进。(thanks to；outstanding；solid；steady；defend)
　Thanks to his outstanding achievements，we have made solid and steady progress in defending our beautiful homeland.
Ⅳ.主题续写提能
动作描写之动“肩膀”
词汇积累
形容词 broad
动词 shrug，tap，pat
词块必记
1.broad shoulders宽阔的肩膀
2.look back over one's shoulder 回头看
3.shrug one's shoulders 耸肩
4.tap/pat sb. on the shoulder拍某人的肩膀
完成句子
1.He was a man of medium height，_____________________.He was wandering aimlessly when he sensed something strange.(with)
他是个中等个子，肩膀宽阔的男人，他正漫无目的地乱逛，突然感觉有点不对劲。
2.He ________________________________，only to find a young man following him closely.(动作描写)
他回头看了看，结果发现一个年轻人正紧跟着他。
with broad shoulders
looked back over his shoulder
3.When he asked him why he did it，the young man just ____________ ________________ and said nothing.(动作描写)
当他问他为什么这么做时，年轻人只是耸耸肩什么也没说。
4.He ______________________________________________，warning him not to follow him any more.(动作描写)
他拍拍年轻人的肩膀，警告他不要再跟着他。
5.___________________________________________ and said, “Your wallet is lost.”(shoulder作主语)
年轻人笑得肩膀直抖，说：“你的钱包丢了。”
shrugged his
shoulders
tapped/patted the young man on the shoulder
The young man's shoulders shook with a laugh