UNIT 3 Section Ⅰ
一、语言基础训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．When caught by the police on the spot, she admitted (承认) having driven the car without insurance.
2．From the frightened look on her face，I can state quite definitely (肯定) she is scared to ride a horse.
3．A sharp decline in young work force is likely to occur (发生) in that area.
4．Even if it rained in the afternoon, we went downtown (往市中心) and filled the cart with fruits and vegetables.
5．They were appointed as United Nations investigators and undertook a fact-finding mission (使命) in this district.
6．According to reports, the district (地区) court rejected his demands because the drug was unsafe.
7．Shakespeare created many comic (喜剧的) characters in The Merchant of Venice, which became very popular after it had been published.
8． Afterwards (以后), fear of the responsibility would make her feel almost faint.
9．For the immigrants, they cannot very well avoid mentioning certain historical (历史的) facts.
10．We finally insisted that he seek (寻求) the help of his physician.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1． It occurred to/struck/hit me that you might like some coffee, so I've brought some up.
我突然想到你也许想喝点咖啡，于是就拿了一些来。
2．It was not long before they left their village to seek their fortune in the south.
不久他们就离开了家乡，到南方闯市场去了。
3．Travelling in China just isn't what it used to be .
在中国旅行已经跟过去完全不是一回事了。
4．When she heard the exciting news, she couldn't wait to run to tell her parents.
当她听到这个令人兴奋的消息时，她迫不及待地跑去告诉她的父母。
5．They claimed to have invented a whole new way of doing business.
他们声称已经发明了一种全新的做生意的方法。
6．He also stated that it's necessary for me to have a more balanced diet.
他还说，我有必要有一个更加均衡的饮食。
7．He sat at the table, reading a magazine .
他坐在桌子旁，读着一本杂志。
二、培优提升训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2023·云南师范大学附属中学高一下学期期中)
One thing that sets humans apart from other members of the animal kingdom is our tendency to develop customs and traditions.Here are some astonishing customs from around the world.
An odd custom associated with the United States is its complicated tipping culture.Unlike many other countries that don't tip at all or that only tip in small amounts when the food is particularly good, tipping is actually mandatory at most restaurants in the US.To put it another way, customers have a duty to leave between 10～20 percent of the bill in tips.Wait staff rely on these tips for a living because legal wages for waiters are low.Furthermore, there are rules for tipping bartenders, delivery people and other service personnel.While some criticize this practice as irrational, there's no doubt that tipping culture in the US gives an incentive for waiters and waitresses to provide better service.
Some countries find the act of pointing with the index finger to be rude.While members of most cultures would probably agree that pointing fingers, both literally and figuratively, isn't exactly the nicest thing in the world, in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia, this gesture can be seen as incredibly offensive.Instead, it is customary to gesture towards things with the thumb as this is seen as a more polite option.In many countries in Africa, pointing is reserved for inanimate objects only, not people.
Most societies around the world have rules about table manners.For western cultures, noisily consuming food is considered rude.In Japan, however, making slurping (啧啧响的) sounds while eating has an entirely different meaning.This might have something to do with the fact that in western countries, noodles are properly consumed by twirling (缠绕) them on a spoon before putting them in the mouth.Meanwhile, the Japanese simply slurp up their noodles without contorting them first, an act that is naturally noisier than the former.Making slurping sounds when eating noodles in Japan is a way of indicating that you're really enjoying them.Some scientists even argue slurping invites air into the mouth and actually enhances the noodles' flavor.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几个国家的特殊的习惯。
1．What does the underlined word“mandatory”in Paragraph 2 probably mean？ A
A．Required by tradition.
B．Highly spoken of.
C．Changeable over time.
D．Popular among people.
解析： 词义猜测题。根据画线词后文“To put it another way, customers have a duty to leave between 10～20 percent of the bill in tips.(换句话说，顾客有义务留下账单的10%～20%作为小费。)”可知，在美国，饭后留下小费是约定俗成的。所以，此处mandatory意思与A项“按照传统要求的”一致。故选A。
2．What does the author think of tipping？ C
A．It is totally unreasonable.
B．It must follow a fixed standard.
C．It can improve the quality of service.
D．It should only target waiters and waitresses.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“While some criticize ...for waiters and waitresses to provide better service.(虽然有些人批评这种做法不合理，但毫无疑问，美国的小费文化激励着服务员提供更好的服务。)”可知，作者认为小费能够提高服务质量。故选C。
3．Which practice is acceptable according to the text？ D
A．Skipping tipping in the USA.
B．Twirling noodles on a spoon in Africa.
C．Pointing with the index finger in Indonesia.
D．Making sounds while eating noodles in Japan.
解析： 细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句“Making slurping sounds when eating noodles in Japan is a way of indicating that you're really enjoying them.(在日本，吃面条时发出啧啧声表示你很喜欢吃面条。)”可知，在日本吃面条发出声音是可以接受的。故选D。
4．Where is this text probably taken from？ D
A．A research paper.
B．A travel brochure.
C．An online advertisement.
D．A popular magazine.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“One thing that sets ...develop customs and traditions.(人类与动物王国其他成员的一个区别是我们倾向于发展风俗和传统。)”以及下文介绍了几个国家的特别的习惯可推知，这篇文章应该来自大众杂志。故选D。
Ⅱ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Travelling to all corners of the world gets easier and easier.We live in a global village. 1.C
Greetings
How should you behave when you meet someone for the first time？An American or Canadian shakes your hand while looking at you straight in the eyes. 2.A In Japan, you should bow (鞠躬)．In Thailand, the greeting is made by pressing both hands together at the chest and bowing your head a bit.
Clothes
3.E In some Asian countries, you shouldn't reveal (显露) the body, especially women.In Japan, you should take off your shoes when entering a house or a restaurant.Remember to place them together facing the door you came in.This is also true in South Korea, Thailand, and Iran.
Food and drink
In Italy, Spain and Latin America, lunch is often the biggest meal of the day, and can last two or three hours. 4.D In Britain, you might have a business lunch and do business as you eat.In Mexico and Japan, lunch is a time to relax and socialize.And the Japanese rarely drink alcohol (酒) at lunchtime.
Doing business
5.G You should include your company name and your position.In Japan, you must present your card with both hands, with the writing facing the person you are giving it to.
A．In many parts of Asia, there is no physical touch at all.
B．Sometimes, social events end with singing and dancing.
C．But this doesn't mean that we all behave in the same way.
D．For this reason many people eat a light breakfast and a late dinner.
E．Many countries have rules about what you should and shouldn't wear.
F．In many countries, business hours are from 9 or 10 to 5 or 6.
G．In most countries, showing business cards is important for all introductions.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了不同国家在打招呼、服饰、食品和做生意等方面的区别。
解析：
1. 根据上文“Travelling to all corners of the world gets easier and easier.We live in a global village.”可知，上文强调了不同国家、不同地区联系越来越紧密的现状，C项(这并不意味着我们的行为方式都是一样的。)承接上文，与上文构成转折关系。故选C。
2. 根据下文“In Japan, you should ...your head a bit.”可知，下文举了日本和泰国的例子，他们打招呼时没有身体接触，A项(在亚洲的许多地方，根本没有身体接触。)引出下文。故选A。
3. 根据本段小标题Clothes和下文“In some Asian countries, you shouldn't reveal(显露)the body, especially women.”可知，本段介绍的是不同国家的服装，E项(许多国家都有关于你应该穿什么和不应该穿什么的规定。)符合段落主旨，引出下文。故选E。
4. 根据本段小标题Food and drink和上文“In Italy, Spain and Latin ...three hours.”可知，本段介绍的是不同国家的饮食习惯，D项(正是这一原因，许多人早餐吃得清淡，晚餐吃得晚。)符合段落主旨且承接上文。故选D。
5. 根据下文“You should ...giving it to.(你的名片应该包括你的公司名称和职位。在日本，你必须双手出示名片，字迹面向你要交给的人。)”可知，本段介绍的是如何向生意伙伴展示名片，G项(在大多数国家，展示名片对所有介绍都很重要。)引出下文。故选G。
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读短文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2022·河南省大联考高一下学期阶段性测试)
I hear Americans saying “Season's Greetings”．This expression is very common in the time between Thanksgiving, at the end of November, 1.and New Year's Day, January 1.There are many holidays being celebrated during this time, or season.
Thanksgiving falls on the 2.fourth (four) Thursday in November.Then there is Hannukah, 3.which is part of the Jewish religion.Last year, Hannukah began 4.shortly (short) after Thanksgiving, on November 28.
Christmas is on December 25.Kwanzaa (宽扎节), a yearly 5.celebration (celebrate) of African-American culture, 6.is held (hold) from December 26 to January 1.Lastly, there is New Year's Eve on December 31 and New Year's Day on January 1.
The plural word “greetings” 7.means (mean) a message that expresses good wishes to someone.When we write cards or letters at this time of year, we try to include as many of our friends' traditions 8.as possible.So, people may choose to say “Season's Greetings”．You will find the expression 9.written (write) on cards, gifts and in outdoor lighting displays.
A similar expression is“Happy Holidays”．That is another way 10.to get (get)people with a variety of traditions included in our greetings.
I hope you are able to gather safely with your family and loved ones during this season, as I send you all “Season's Greetings”．
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国的一些节日以及经常听见的节日问候语：“Season's Greetings”和“Happy Holidays”。
解析：
1. 考查连词。句意：这种表达在11月底的感恩节和一月一日的新年之间更常见。between ...and ...意为“在……(两者)之间”，为固定搭配。故填and。
2．考查数词。此处表示“第四”，应用序数词。故填fourth。
3. 考查定语从句的引导词。此处引导非限制性定语从句，解释说明先行词Hannukah，指物，且在从句中用作主语。故填which。
4．考查副词。句意：去年，哈努卡节在感恩节11月28日后不久。shortly after ...“在……不久之后”。故填shortly。
5．考查词性转换。句意：宽扎节是一个每年都被庆祝的非裔美国人的文化。不定冠词修饰单数名词。故填celebration。
6．考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。主语是Kwanzaa，与动词hold是被动关系，应用被动语态；且陈述一般情况，应用一般现在时态。故填is held。
7. 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意：“greetings”意味着向人传达良好祝愿的信息。句中主语是word，为第三人称单数，且此处表示一般情况，应用一般现在时。故填means。
8. 考查固定句式。句意：当我们此时写贺卡和写信时，我们应该尽可能包含我们朋友的更多的传统。as ...as possible是固定句式，意为“尽可能……”。故填as。
9. 考查非谓语动词。此处为“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构，write与expression是被动关系，应用过去分词作宾补。故填written。
10．考查非谓语动词。way to do sth.“做某事的方式”，此处应用不定式作后置定语。故填to get。UNIT 3 Section Ⅰ
一、语言基础训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．When caught by the police on the spot, she (承认) having driven the car without insurance.
2．From the frightened look on her face，I can state quite (肯定) she is scared to ride a horse.
3．A sharp decline in young work force is likely to (发生) in that area.
4．Even if it rained in the afternoon, we went (往市中心) and filled the cart with fruits and vegetables.
5．They were appointed as United Nations investigators and undertook a fact-finding (使命) in this district.
6．According to reports, the (地区) court rejected his demands because the drug was unsafe.
7．Shakespeare created many (喜剧的) characters in The Merchant of Venice, which became very popular after it had been published.
8． (以后), fear of the responsibility would make her feel almost faint.
9．For the immigrants, they cannot very well avoid mentioning certain (历史的) facts.
10．We finally insisted that he (寻求) the help of his physician.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1． I you might like some coffee, so I've brought some up.
我突然想到你也许想喝点咖啡，于是就拿了一些来。
2．It was not long before they left their village to in the south.
不久他们就离开了家乡，到南方闯市场去了。
3．Travelling in China just isn't .
在中国旅行已经跟过去完全不是一回事了。
4．When she heard the exciting news, she run to tell her parents.
当她听到这个令人兴奋的消息时，她迫不及待地跑去告诉她的父母。
5．They a whole new way of doing business.
他们声称已经发明了一种全新的做生意的方法。
6．He also stated that to have a more balanced diet.
他还说，我有必要有一个更加均衡的饮食。
7．He sat at the table, .
他坐在桌子旁，读着一本杂志。
二、培优提升训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2023·云南师范大学附属中学高一下学期期中)
One thing that sets humans apart from other members of the animal kingdom is our tendency to develop customs and traditions.Here are some astonishing customs from around the world.
An odd custom associated with the United States is its complicated tipping culture.Unlike many other countries that don't tip at all or that only tip in small amounts when the food is particularly good, tipping is actually mandatory at most restaurants in the US.To put it another way, customers have a duty to leave between 10～20 percent of the bill in tips.Wait staff rely on these tips for a living because legal wages for waiters are low.Furthermore, there are rules for tipping bartenders, delivery people and other service personnel.While some criticize this practice as irrational, there's no doubt that tipping culture in the US gives an incentive for waiters and waitresses to provide better service.
Some countries find the act of pointing with the index finger to be rude.While members of most cultures would probably agree that pointing fingers, both literally and figuratively, isn't exactly the nicest thing in the world, in countries like Malaysia and Indonesia, this gesture can be seen as incredibly offensive.Instead, it is customary to gesture towards things with the thumb as this is seen as a more polite option.In many countries in Africa, pointing is reserved for inanimate objects only, not people.
Most societies around the world have rules about table manners.For western cultures, noisily consuming food is considered rude.In Japan, however, making slurping (啧啧响的) sounds while eating has an entirely different meaning.This might have something to do with the fact that in western countries, noodles are properly consumed by twirling (缠绕) them on a spoon before putting them in the mouth.Meanwhile, the Japanese simply slurp up their noodles without contorting them first, an act that is naturally noisier than the former.Making slurping sounds when eating noodles in Japan is a way of indicating that you're really enjoying them.Some scientists even argue slurping invites air into the mouth and actually enhances the noodles' flavor.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几个国家的特殊的习惯。
1．What does the underlined word“mandatory”in Paragraph 2 probably mean？
A．Required by tradition.
B．Highly spoken of.
C．Changeable over time.
D．Popular among people.
2．What does the author think of tipping？
A．It is totally unreasonable.
B．It must follow a fixed standard.
C．It can improve the quality of service.
D．It should only target waiters and waitresses.
3．Which practice is acceptable according to the text？
A．Skipping tipping in the USA.
B．Twirling noodles on a spoon in Africa.
C．Pointing with the index finger in Indonesia.
D．Making sounds while eating noodles in Japan.
4．Where is this text probably taken from？
A．A research paper.
B．A travel brochure.
C．An online advertisement.
D．A popular magazine.
Ⅱ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Travelling to all corners of the world gets easier and easier.We live in a global village. 1.
Greetings
How should you behave when you meet someone for the first time？An American or Canadian shakes your hand while looking at you straight in the eyes. 2. In Japan, you should bow (鞠躬)．In Thailand, the greeting is made by pressing both hands together at the chest and bowing your head a bit.
Clothes
3. In some Asian countries, you shouldn't reveal (显露) the body, especially women.In Japan, you should take off your shoes when entering a house or a restaurant.Remember to place them together facing the door you came in.This is also true in South Korea, Thailand, and Iran.
Food and drink
In Italy, Spain and Latin America, lunch is often the biggest meal of the day, and can last two or three hours. 4. In Britain, you might have a business lunch and do business as you eat.In Mexico and Japan, lunch is a time to relax and socialize.And the Japanese rarely drink alcohol (酒) at lunchtime.
Doing business
5. You should include your company name and your position.In Japan, you must present your card with both hands, with the writing facing the person you are giving it to.
A．In many parts of Asia, there is no physical touch at all.
B．Sometimes, social events end with singing and dancing.
C．But this doesn't mean that we all behave in the same way.
D．For this reason many people eat a light breakfast and a late dinner.
E．Many countries have rules about what you should and shouldn't wear.
F．In many countries, business hours are from 9 or 10 to 5 or 6.
G．In most countries, showing business cards is important for all introductions.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了不同国家在打招呼、服饰、食品和做生意等方面的区别。
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读短文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2022·河南省大联考高一下学期阶段性测试)
I hear Americans saying “Season's Greetings”．This expression is very common in the time between Thanksgiving, at the end of November, 1. New Year's Day, January 1.There are many holidays being celebrated during this time, or season.
Thanksgiving falls on the 2. (four) Thursday in November.Then there is Hannukah, 3. is part of the Jewish religion.Last year, Hannukah began 4. (short) after Thanksgiving, on November 28.
Christmas is on December 25.Kwanzaa (宽扎节), a yearly 5. (celebrate) of African-American culture, 6. (hold) from December 26 to January 1.Lastly, there is New Year's Eve on December 31 and New Year's Day on January 1.
The plural word “greetings” 7. (mean) a message that expresses good wishes to someone.When we write cards or letters at this time of year, we try to include as many of our friends' traditions 8. possible.So, people may choose to say “Season's Greetings”．You will find the expression 9. (write) on cards, gifts and in outdoor lighting displays.
A similar expression is“Happy Holidays”．That is another way 10. (get)people with a variety of traditions included in our greetings.
I hope you are able to gather safely with your family and loved ones during this season, as I send you all “Season's Greetings”．
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了美国的一些节日以及经常听见的节日问候语：“Season's Greetings”和“Happy Holidays”。
