Unit 4 Space Exploration Section Ⅰ Listening and Speaking，Reading and Thinking
一、语言基础训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．In order for astronauts to get a feel for what they will be doing in space, they practice on a life-sized space (交通工具)．
2．This latest research represents a great leap in our understanding of the (宇宙)．
3．Thanks to the technology we could immediately watch the interview which came live by (卫星) from distant districts.
4．The rocket is designed to (发射) two communication satellites next month.
5．In 1957 the Soviet Union successfully launched the first satellite to (环绕运行) the earth.
6．Snow White was poisoned by an apple.Jack found a (巨人) through his beanstalk(豌豆茎), and look what happened to Alice when she ate the mushroom!
7．The procedure is easy and you can book at your local travel (代理处)．
8．Although demand for (数据) delivered by satellite is indeed picking up in Asia, it is mostly for internal corporate use.
9．But many people fighting against climate change were (失望的) because it failed to hold down temperatures.
10．The athlete practiced very hard out of her strong (欲望) to earn glory for her country.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．He had seen the film before. he did not see it last night.
他以前曾看过那部电影。那就是为什么他昨天晚上没有去看。(That is why ...)
2．I was to join in the competition.
我是第一个被选中参加比赛的人。(the＋first＋n.＋to do sth.)
3．The activity broadens our horizon enables us to understand our life better.
活动不仅拓宽了我们的视野，也使我们能够更好地理解我们的生活。(not only ...but also ...)
4．Aron couldn't speak Polish.I had much difficulty .
阿伦不会说波兰语，我很难让我自己被明白。(make＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
5．She her new ideas into practice.
她决心要把自己的新想法付诸实践。(be determined to do)
6．Unfair bosses and rude staff .
不公正的老板和粗鲁的店员让我们不愉快。(make＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
7．By oil, water, paper, food, and clothing, we are playing a part in cutting down on waste.(focus)
通过关注节约油、水、纸张、食品和衣物，我们在减少浪费方面正发挥着作用。
8．The tour guide .(signal)
导游示意大家跟着她走。
9．The workers that they couldn't understand the instructors on the machine.
工人们失望地发现他们看不懂机器上的说明。(disappointed)
10．The couple moved to a big city better treatment.
这对夫妇搬到了一个大城市，希望得到更好的治疗。(in the hope of)
二、培优提升训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2023·辽宁省沈阳市同泽高级中学高一下学期考试)
Is there anybody out there For centuries humans have wondered, although the ways in which we have gone about this have varied.As we have gained a greater understanding of the universe, our searches have taken on more concrete forms.Questions about aliens (外星人) have become a subject for science rather than science fiction.
Now new cooperation between the Very Large Array (VLA) observatory in New Mexico and the SETI Institute in California means that our curiosity about aliens can be closer than ever before to being satisfied.Data from the VLA's 28 radio telescopes, used to scan a vast area of sky, will be fed through a special supercomputer that will search for distant signals.
How likely it is that a signal will be found, and what this might mean, are hard questions to answer.SETI's existing projects have not detected any signals from other planets so far.But recent discoveries in space and Earth sciences have provided some encouragement for those who are enthusiastic about the possibility, however remote, of detecting other civilizations.
Once it was thought that our solar system could be unique.Since the discovery of the first exoplanet (a planet beyond the solar system) in the 1990s, thousands more have been located.Around one in five stars is now thought to have a planet in their orbit in a so-called“habitable (适合居住的) zone”—that is, at a distance from the star where the temperature means that life is theoretically possible.
Are Earth's 7.5 billion humans, along with billions of other animals and plants they share their home with, on their own in the universe If there is another life form somewhere, could it be as intelligent as humans Or could it threaten them I think all of these need further exploration.As explorations of Mars continue, and a new set of observations from the James Webb Space Telescope are set to begin, our interest in the possibility of alien life appears as much as before.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕外星人是否存在的问题讲述了人类的新发现以及为此所作的努力。
1．Why does the VLA work with SETI？
A．To develop new radio telescopes.
B．To satisfy some people's curiosity.
C．To build a special supercomputer.
D．To find evidence of aliens' existence.
2．What is the encouraging news for scientists exploring distant civilizations？ .
A．Some exoplanets may have habitable zones.
B．New technologies are adopted to find aliens.
C．Signals have been detected from other planets.
D．Life does indeed exist on exoplanets.
3．What is the author's attitude to the existence of aliens？
A．Positive. B．Uncertain.
C．Worried. D．Unacceptable.
4．What might be the best title for the text？
A．Exoplanets：home of aliens
B．Receiving signals：aliens appear again
C．Finding aliens：possible or not
D．Space：the unknown place
Ⅱ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2023·陕西省绥德中学、府谷中学高一下学期考试)
Interesting Space Facts
As time goes by, technological advancements have made us learn more facts about space in the past century than in all time before that.We've already searched the universe for the most amazing space facts, including facts about the planets in our solar system, moons, the Milky Way and beyond！ 1.
The highest mountain discovered is the Olympus Mons, which is located on Mars.It is 16 miles high, making it nearly 3 times higher than Mount Everest. 2. That's the size of Arizona!
The sun weighs about 330,000 times more than Earth. 3. In fact, the sun is so huge that it contains 99.85% of all mass in our solar system.
Footprints left on the moon won't disappear as there is no wind.But wait a minute.
4. Well, it actually wasn't blowing.That blowing you see is because of a telescopic horizontal rod (望远镜水平杆) that the astronauts were struggling to remove from the flag's top.
5. This is due to the lack of gravity in space causing the vertebrae (椎骨) to expand a little.However, this extra height is lost when they re-enter the earth's atmosphere and are affected by the earth's gravity again.
A．We're pretty sure they will make you interested!
B．New discoveries will no longer be made in the future.
C．It is so large that it can contain about 1,300,000 Earths!
D．Not only is it tall, but it's 114,000 square meters as well.
E．All these space facts may not be true at the time of writing.
F．Astronauts can grow about two inches in height when in space.
G．If there's no wind to blow them away, then why is the flag blowing
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些太空中有趣的事。
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读短文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2023·全国甲卷)
For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) 1. (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop's fables date to the 2. (six) century, B．C.Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 3. Rachel Carson says in AFableforTomorrow.
Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable.In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children.“There was once a town in the heart of America, 4. all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins, 5. (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message 6. (intend) for everyone.
7. (difference) from traditional fables, Carson's story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility 8. saving their environment.
The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life.However, Carson's theme is a more weighty 9. (warn) about environmental destruction.Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still 10. (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。Unit 4 Space Exploration Section Ⅰ Listening and Speaking，Reading and Thinking
一、语言基础训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．In order for astronauts to get a feel for what they will be doing in space, they practice on a life-sized space vehicle (交通工具)．
2．This latest research represents a great leap in our understanding of the universe (宇宙)．
3．Thanks to the technology we could immediately watch the interview which came live by satellite (卫星) from distant districts.
4．The rocket is designed to launch (发射) two communication satellites next month.
5．In 1957 the Soviet Union successfully launched the first satellite to orbit (环绕运行) the earth.
6．Snow White was poisoned by an apple.Jack found a giant (巨人) through his beanstalk(豌豆茎), and look what happened to Alice when she ate the mushroom!
7．The procedure is easy and you can book at your local travel agency (代理处)．
8．Although demand for data (数据) delivered by satellite is indeed picking up in Asia, it is mostly for internal corporate use.
9．But many people fighting against climate change were disappointed (失望的) because it failed to hold down temperatures.
10．The athlete practiced very hard out of her strong desire (欲望) to earn glory for her country.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．He had seen the film before. That was why he did not see it last night.
他以前曾看过那部电影。那就是为什么他昨天晚上没有去看。(That is why ...)
2．I was the first person to be chosen to join in the competition.
我是第一个被选中参加比赛的人。(the＋first＋n.＋to do sth.)
3．The activity not only broadens our horizon but also enables us to understand our life better.
活动不仅拓宽了我们的视野，也使我们能够更好地理解我们的生活。(not only ...but also ...)
4．Aron couldn't speak Polish.I had much difficulty making myself understood .
阿伦不会说波兰语，我很难让我自己被明白。(make＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
5．She was determined to put her new ideas into practice.
她决心要把自己的新想法付诸实践。(be determined to do)
6．Unfair bosses and rude staff make us unhappy .
不公正的老板和粗鲁的店员让我们不愉快。(make＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
7．By focusing on saving oil, water, paper, food, and clothing, we are playing a part in cutting down on waste.(focus)
通过关注节约油、水、纸张、食品和衣物，我们在减少浪费方面正发挥着作用。
8．The tour guide signalled (to) us to follow her .(signal)
导游示意大家跟着她走。
9．The workers were disappointed to find that they couldn't understand the instructors on the machine.
工人们失望地发现他们看不懂机器上的说明。(disappointed)
10．The couple moved to a big city in the hope of getting better treatment.
这对夫妇搬到了一个大城市，希望得到更好的治疗。(in the hope of)
二、培优提升训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2023·辽宁省沈阳市同泽高级中学高一下学期考试)
Is there anybody out there For centuries humans have wondered, although the ways in which we have gone about this have varied.As we have gained a greater understanding of the universe, our searches have taken on more concrete forms.Questions about aliens (外星人) have become a subject for science rather than science fiction.
Now new cooperation between the Very Large Array (VLA) observatory in New Mexico and the SETI Institute in California means that our curiosity about aliens can be closer than ever before to being satisfied.Data from the VLA's 28 radio telescopes, used to scan a vast area of sky, will be fed through a special supercomputer that will search for distant signals.
How likely it is that a signal will be found, and what this might mean, are hard questions to answer.SETI's existing projects have not detected any signals from other planets so far.But recent discoveries in space and Earth sciences have provided some encouragement for those who are enthusiastic about the possibility, however remote, of detecting other civilizations.
Once it was thought that our solar system could be unique.Since the discovery of the first exoplanet (a planet beyond the solar system) in the 1990s, thousands more have been located.Around one in five stars is now thought to have a planet in their orbit in a so-called“habitable (适合居住的) zone”—that is, at a distance from the star where the temperature means that life is theoretically possible.
Are Earth's 7.5 billion humans, along with billions of other animals and plants they share their home with, on their own in the universe If there is another life form somewhere, could it be as intelligent as humans Or could it threaten them I think all of these need further exploration.As explorations of Mars continue, and a new set of observations from the James Webb Space Telescope are set to begin, our interest in the possibility of alien life appears as much as before.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕外星人是否存在的问题讲述了人类的新发现以及为此所作的努力。
1．Why does the VLA work with SETI？ D
A．To develop new radio telescopes.
B．To satisfy some people's curiosity.
C．To build a special supercomputer.
D．To find evidence of aliens' existence.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“Now new ...to being satisfied.(现在美国新墨西哥州VLA天文台和加利福尼亚的SETI研究所之间的新合作意味着人们对外星人的好奇心可能比以往任何时候都更能得到满足。)”可推知，VLA和SETI的合作是为了寻找外星人存在的证据。故选D。
2．What is the encouraging news for scientists exploring distant civilizations？ A
A．Some exoplanets may have habitable zones.
B．New technologies are adopted to find aliens.
C．Signals have been detected from other planets.
D．Life does indeed exist on exoplanets.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But recent discoveries in space and Earth sciences have provided some encouragement”可知，近年来太空和地球科学的新发现很鼓舞人心，而这些发现指的是第四段中的“Since the discovery ...that life is theoretically possible.”即发现了数千颗系外行星以及“宜居带”，“宜居带”的温度意味着生命可能存在。故选A。
3．What is the author's attitude to the existence of aliens？ B
A．Positive. B．Uncertain.
C．Worried. D．Unacceptable.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“I think all of these need further exploration.(我认为所有这些问题需要进一步探索。)”可推知，作者对外星人存在的态度是不确定的。故选B。
4．What might be the best title for the text？ C
A．Exoplanets：home of aliens
B．Receiving signals：aliens appear again
C．Finding aliens：possible or not
D．Space：the unknown place
解析： 标题判断题。通读全文，尤其是根据第一段中的“Questions about aliens (外星人) ...science fiction.”和最后一段中的“As explorations of ...as much as before.”可知，本文主要围绕外星人是否存在以及人类为此进行的探索而展开，由此可知，C项(发现外星人：可能还是不可能？)最适合作为文章标题。故选C。
Ⅱ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2023·陕西省绥德中学、府谷中学高一下学期考试)
Interesting Space Facts
As time goes by, technological advancements have made us learn more facts about space in the past century than in all time before that.We've already searched the universe for the most amazing space facts, including facts about the planets in our solar system, moons, the Milky Way and beyond！ 1.A
The highest mountain discovered is the Olympus Mons, which is located on Mars.It is 16 miles high, making it nearly 3 times higher than Mount Everest. 2.D That's the size of Arizona!
The sun weighs about 330,000 times more than Earth. 3.C In fact, the sun is so huge that it contains 99.85% of all mass in our solar system.
Footprints left on the moon won't disappear as there is no wind.But wait a minute.
4.G Well, it actually wasn't blowing.That blowing you see is because of a telescopic horizontal rod (望远镜水平杆) that the astronauts were struggling to remove from the flag's top.
5.F This is due to the lack of gravity in space causing the vertebrae (椎骨) to expand a little.However, this extra height is lost when they re-enter the earth's atmosphere and are affected by the earth's gravity again.
A．We're pretty sure they will make you interested!
B．New discoveries will no longer be made in the future.
C．It is so large that it can contain about 1,300,000 Earths!
D．Not only is it tall, but it's 114,000 square meters as well.
E．All these space facts may not be true at the time of writing.
F．Astronauts can grow about two inches in height when in space.
G．If there's no wind to blow them away, then why is the flag blowing
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些太空中有趣的事。
解析：
1. 根据上文“We've already searched ...Way and beyond！”可知，本段主要介绍一些关于太空的事情，A项(我们很肯定它们会让你感兴趣！)符合语境。故选A。
2. 根据上文“The highest mountain ...than Mount Everest.(所发现的最高的山是位于火星上的奥林匹斯山。它有16英里高，几乎是珠穆朗玛峰的3倍。)”可知，本段在对奥林匹斯山的具体情况进行介绍，D项中的“it”指代上文的“the Olympus Mons”。D项(它不仅高，而且有11.4万平方米。)符合语境。故选D。
3. 根据上文“The sun weighs about 330,000 times more than Earth.”可知，太阳的重量比地球重330 000多倍，C项(它是如此之大，可以容纳大约130万个地球！)承接上文，继续描述太阳的大小，C项中的“It”指代上文中的“the sun”。故选C。
4. 根据下文内容可知，本段主要讨论为什么国旗在月球上飘扬，G项中的“wind”和上文对应。G项(如果没有风把它们吹走，那为什么国旗在飘扬？)符合语境。故选G。
5. 根据下文“This is due to the lack of gravity in space causing the vertebrae(椎骨) to expand a little.”可知，太空中缺乏重力导致椎骨略微扩张。F项(宇航员在太空中可以长高2英寸。)和下文形成因果关系，说明宇航员在太空中可以长高。故选F。
Ⅲ.语法填空
阅读短文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2023·全国甲卷)
For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) 1.to teach (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop's fables date to the 2.sixth (six) century, B．C.Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 3.as Rachel Carson says in AFableforTomorrow.
Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable.In fact, her style and tone (口吻) are seemingly directed at children.“There was once a town in the heart of America, 4.where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with its surroundings，” her fable begins, 5.borrowing (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message 6.intended (intend) for everyone.
7.Different (difference) from traditional fables, Carson's story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility 8.for saving their environment.
The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life.However, Carson's theme is a more weighty 9.warning (warn) about environmental destruction.Carson proves that a simple lyric form that has been passed down through the ages can still 10.be employed (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。
解析：
1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知，此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。
2. 考查数词。句意：寓言是许多古代文化口述传统的一部分，而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世纪。century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式。故填sixth。
3. 考查定语从句。句意：然而，正如雷切尔·卡森在《明日寓言》中所说，寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。引导非限定性定语从句，且有“正如”之意，用关系代词as引导。故填as。
4. 考查定语从句。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中先行词为town，在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故填where。
5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。
6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，在简洁的风格背后，是每个人都想要传达的严肃信息。be intended for打算为……所用，在句中作定语，所以用过去分词形式。故填intended。
7. 考查形容词。句意：与传统寓言不同，卡森的故事以一种指责而不是道德结束。be different from与……不同，所以用形容词作状语。故填Different。
8. 考查介词。句意：她警告社会面临的环境危险，并教导人们必须承担起保护环境的责任。take responsibility for对……负责。故填for。
9. 考查名词。句意：然而，卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知，用可数名词的单数形式。故填warning。
10. 考查语态。句意：卡森证明了一种简单的抒情形式，已经代代相传，今天仍然可以用来吸引人们对重要真理的关注。从句主语a simple lyric form与employ之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。情态动词can后接动词原形。故填be employed。
