Unit 4 Space Exploration Section Ⅲ Listening and Talking，Reading for Writing
一、语言基础训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．A new recycling (设备) will be provided by the local council next month.
2．A direct and obvious example is that many marine animals are dispersed (驱散) around the (地球) by ocean currents.
3．He determined to (争论) with the man who was selling the tickets.
4．The river is too (浅) for our big boat to float on.
5．The company set a (模式) of what a good company should be, which made a difference to us.
6．Our satellite technology means that we can (监视) enemy airwaves more closely than ever before.
7．What's the (正常的，常规的) procedure for filing a complaint
8．The teenager is mentally addicted to his (智能手机) and can't focus on other things.
(资源)．
10．The task is too much for a person of (有限的) intelligence.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．Positive thinking and action .
积极的思考和行动导致成功。(result in)
2．The river is that one.
这条河是那条河的四倍长。(倍数表达法)
3．Parents should a good education.
父母应该给孩子提供良好的教育。(provide sb.with sth.)
4． an environmentally friendly means of transport.
骑自行车是环保的交通方式。(动名词作主语)
5．It depends on him w the job o it.
接受还是拒绝这项工作取决于他。(whether ... or ...)
6．The men were soon exhausted and were r food.
这些人很快就筋疲力尽了，食物也快吃完了。(run out of)
7． the girl is attached to the toy selected by her mother.
很显然，小女孩喜欢妈妈选的这个玩具。(it作形式主语)
8． , he went to bed at once.
因为累了，他立即就去睡觉了。(as引导原因状语从句)
二、培优提升训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2022·江苏省南京市六校联合体高一下期末)
Yuri Gagarin became the first person to go beyond Earth's atmosphere in 1961. As he spent 108 minutes in orbit, the Russian astronaut consumed a tube of beef-and-liver paste (糊状物) with a side of chocolate sauce.His American counterparts (同行) enjoyed equally unappetizing cuisine during their trips to the moon, but pureed (做成泥的) meat gave way to freeze-dried meals by the time the space shuttle first launched in 1981.Today, astronauts aboard the International Space Station (ISS) also enjoy fresh fruit and vegetables sent from home.
An increasingly appealing space diet has ensured astronauts get more of what their bodies need.Life aboard the ISS, for example, is hard—a six-hour spacewalk can burn more than 2,000 calories—so it's essential that astronauts consume enough food to do the job.And over time, zero gravity weakens the heart and other muscles, requiring anyone living in it to exercise regularly.“Flavor is the primary driver for most decisions surrounding food intake，”says Robin Tucker, an assistant professor of nutrition science at Michigan State University.
Floating freely can weaken the sense of taste and smell.Providing a variety of seasonings (调味品) helps with that.NASA also makes sure the Space Station has crew members' favorite snacks.The menu includes goodies, like the occasional pizza during resupply flights.
However, deliveries won't be possible on a month's long trip to Mars, and refrigerators and freezers require too much room and energy to be practical.Given that vitamins and minerals in packaged meals slowly break down，NASA is researching how astronauts might grow vegetables.It also has experimented with something like a 3D printer that would combine powdered starch (粉状淀粉), protein, and fat with micronutrients, oil, and water to make tasty food.As humans go even farther into space, such ideas will ensure they eat something healthier, fresher, and more acceptable than wet and sticky stuff squeezed from a tube.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了宇航员在太空中的饮食情况。
1．What does the author think of astronauts' food before 1981？
A．It was too dry.
B．It was original.
C．It was unhealthy.
D．It was unappealing.
2．What influences astronauts' food consumption in space most according to Robin Tucker？
A．The food's look.
B．The food's taste.
C．The food's smell.
D．The food's nutrition.
3．How might space flights affect astronauts？
A．They might become overweight.
B．They have to take in fewer seasonings.
C．They might have a weakened sense of smell.
D．They have to do more exercise than on Earth.
4．What is NASA focusing on at present？
A．Preventing the breakdown of nutrients in food.
B．Sending supplies to the spaceships flying to Mars.
C．Enabling astronauts to feed themselves in space.
D．Increasing the volume of freezers on spaceships.
Ⅱ.语法填空
阅读短文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2023·广东省广州市荔湾区
协和中学高一下学期考试)
Xu Yuanchong, a translator 1. (know) at home and abroad and a professor at the School of Journalism and Communication of Peking University, passed away in Beijing on June 17, 2021 at 2. age of 100.
Born in 1921 in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, after studying foreign 3. (language) at both The National Southwest Associated Univeristy and Tsinghua University, Xu had been working 4.a a professor at Peking University since 1983.
Xu devoted 5. (he) to literary translation for more than 60 years, who was 6. (wide) recognized in China as “the first person able to translate Chinese, English and French classics”．He translated Chinese works into English and French, and major western publications into Chinese.
Xu held the belief that the translated version should convey the whole sensory (感官的) experience 7. the original brings to the reader.Through this pursuit of respect for the authors, Xu 8. (award) the “Aurora Borealis” Prize for Outstanding Translation of Fiction Literature in 2014, one of the 9. (high) honors in the field of translation.He was the first Chinese translator 10. (win) such an award.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我国著名的翻译家许渊冲的生平以及在文学翻译方面的巨大成就和贡献。
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Drums in Space
Brenda Bongos was happy, artistic girl, a girl with one big ambition—to play the drums in a band.But one big obstacle lay in her way.To be good enough to play in a band, Brenda had to practice a lot, but she lived next-door to a lot of old people—many of them were sick—in a care home.She knew that the sound of beating drums and crashing cymbals (铙钹) would really make them mad.
Brenda was a very good, respectful girl.She always tried to find a way of practicing her drums without bothering other people.So, she had tried playing in the strangest places: a basement, a kitchen, an attic, and even in a shower.But it was no good; there was always someone it would annoy.However, determined to practice as much as she could, Brenda spent most of her time playing on books and boxes, and looking for new places to practice.
One day, while watching a science documentary on TV, she heard that sound cannot travel in space, because there's no air.At that moment, Brenda Bongos decided to become a sort of musical astronaut.
With the help of a lot of time, a lot of books, and a lot of work, Brenda built a space bubble.This was a big glass ball connected to a machine which sucked out all the air inside.All that would be left inside was a drum kit and a chair.Brenda got into the space suit she had made, entered the bubble, turned on the machine, and ...
She played those drums like a wild child!
It wasn't long before Brenda Bongos—“The Musical Astronaut”—had become very famous.So many people came to see her play in her space bubble that she had to mount a pair of speakers so that everyone could listen to her play.Shortly afterwards she came out of the bubble and started giving concerts.Her fame spread so much that the government proposed that she form part of a unique space journey.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Finally, Brendawasarealmusicalastronaut.
Yearslater, someoneaskedherhowshehadachievedallofthis.Unit 4 Space Exploration Section Ⅲ Listening and Talking，Reading for Writing
一、语言基础训练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．A new recycling facility (设备) will be provided by the local council next month.
2．A direct and obvious example is that many marine animals are dispersed (驱散) around the globe (地球) by ocean currents.
3．He determined to argue (争论) with the man who was selling the tickets.
4．The river is too shallow (浅) for our big boat to float on.
5．The company set a pattern (模式) of what a good company should be, which made a difference to us.
6．Our satellite technology means that we can monitor (监视) enemy airwaves more closely than ever before.
7．What's the regular (正常的，常规的) procedure for filing a complaint
8．The teenager is mentally addicted to his smartphone (智能手机) and can't focus on other things.
9．We have launched a campaign to support the sustainable use of natural resources (资源)．
10．The task is too much for a person of limited (有限的) intelligence.
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．Positive thinking and action result in success .
积极的思考和行动导致成功。(result in)
2．The river is four times as long as/four times the length of that one.
这条河是那条河的四倍长。(倍数表达法)
3．Parents should provide their children with a good education.
父母应该给孩子提供良好的教育。(provide sb.with sth.)
4． Riding a bike is an environmentally friendly means of transport.
骑自行车是环保的交通方式。(动名词作主语)
5．It depends on him whether he accepts the job or refuses it.
接受还是拒绝这项工作取决于他。(whether ... or ...)
6．The men were soon exhausted and were running out of food.
这些人很快就筋疲力尽了，食物也快吃完了。(run out of)
7． It is obvious that the girl is attached to the toy selected by her mother.
很显然，小女孩喜欢妈妈选的这个玩具。(it作形式主语)
8． As he was tired , he went to bed at once.
因为累了，他立即就去睡觉了。(as引导原因状语从句)
二、培优提升训练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2022·江苏省南京市六校联合体高一下期末)
Yuri Gagarin became the first person to go beyond Earth's atmosphere in 1961. As he spent 108 minutes in orbit, the Russian astronaut consumed a tube of beef-and-liver paste (糊状物) with a side of chocolate sauce.His American counterparts (同行) enjoyed equally unappetizing cuisine during their trips to the moon, but pureed (做成泥的) meat gave way to freeze-dried meals by the time the space shuttle first launched in 1981.Today, astronauts aboard the International Space Station (ISS) also enjoy fresh fruit and vegetables sent from home.
An increasingly appealing space diet has ensured astronauts get more of what their bodies need.Life aboard the ISS, for example, is hard—a six-hour spacewalk can burn more than 2,000 calories—so it's essential that astronauts consume enough food to do the job.And over time, zero gravity weakens the heart and other muscles, requiring anyone living in it to exercise regularly.“Flavor is the primary driver for most decisions surrounding food intake，”says Robin Tucker, an assistant professor of nutrition science at Michigan State University.
Floating freely can weaken the sense of taste and smell.Providing a variety of seasonings (调味品) helps with that.NASA also makes sure the Space Station has crew members' favorite snacks.The menu includes goodies, like the occasional pizza during resupply flights.
However, deliveries won't be possible on a month's long trip to Mars, and refrigerators and freezers require too much room and energy to be practical.Given that vitamins and minerals in packaged meals slowly break down，NASA is researching how astronauts might grow vegetables.It also has experimented with something like a 3D printer that would combine powdered starch (粉状淀粉), protein, and fat with micronutrients, oil, and water to make tasty food.As humans go even farther into space, such ideas will ensure they eat something healthier, fresher, and more acceptable than wet and sticky stuff squeezed from a tube.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了宇航员在太空中的饮食情况。
1．What does the author think of astronauts' food before 1981？ D
A．It was too dry.
B．It was original.
C．It was unhealthy.
D．It was unappealing.
解析： 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“His American counter-parts(同行) enjoyed equally unappetizing cuisine during their trips to the moon(他的美国同行在登月旅行中享受着同样没有吸引力的饭菜)”可推知，作者认为1981年以前宇航员的食物是没有吸引力的。故选D。
2．What influences astronauts' food consumption in space most according to Robin Tucker？ B
A．The food's look.
B．The food's taste.
C．The food's smell.
D．The food's nutrition.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“‘Flavor is the primary driver for most decisions surrounding food intake，’says Robin Tucker (罗宾·塔克说：‘味道是大多数食物摄入决策的主要驱动力。’)”可知， Robin Tucker认为食物的味道对宇航员在太空中的食物消耗影响最大。故选B。
3．How might space flights affect astronauts？ C
A．They might become overweight.
B．They have to take in fewer seasonings.
C．They might have a weakened sense of smell.
D．They have to do more exercise than on Earth.
解析： 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“Floating freely can weaken the sense of taste and smell.(自由漂浮会减弱味觉和嗅觉。)”可知，太空飞行会导致宇航员的嗅觉减弱。故选C。
4．What is NASA focusing on at present？ C
A．Preventing the breakdown of nutrients in food.
B．Sending supplies to the spaceships flying to Mars.
C．Enabling astronauts to feed themselves in space.
D．Increasing the volume of freezers on spaceships.
解析： 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“NASA is researching ... make tasty food.”可知，美国航天局正在研究宇航员如何种植蔬菜和用类似3D打印机的设备自己制作食物，由此可推知，美国航天局目前的重点是研究如何使宇航员能够在太空中自食其力。故选C。
Ⅱ.语法填空
阅读短文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
(2023·广东省广州市荔湾区
协和中学高一下学期考试)
Xu Yuanchong, a translator 1.known (know) at home and abroad and a professor at the School of Journalism and Communication of Peking University, passed away in Beijing on June 17, 2021 at 2.the age of 100.
Born in 1921 in Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, after studying foreign 3.languages (language) at both The National Southwest Associated Univeristy and Tsinghua University, Xu had been working 4.as a professor at Peking University since 1983.
Xu devoted 5.himself (he) to literary translation for more than 60 years, who was 6.widely (wide) recognized in China as “the first person able to translate Chinese, English and French classics”．He translated Chinese works into English and French, and major western publications into Chinese.
Xu held the belief that the translated version should convey the whole sensory (感官的) experience 7.that/which the original brings to the reader.Through this pursuit of respect for the authors, Xu 8.was awarded (award) the “Aurora Borealis” Prize for Outstanding Translation of Fiction Literature in 2014, one of the 9.highest (high) honors in the field of translation.He was the first Chinese translator 10.to win (win) such an award.
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我国著名的翻译家许渊冲的生平以及在文学翻译方面的巨大成就和贡献。
解析：
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：许渊冲是国内外知名的翻译家和北京大学新闻与传播学院的教授，于2021年6月17日在北京逝世，享年100岁。动词know和translator之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填known。
2. 考查冠词。at the age of ...为固定搭配，意为“在……岁时”。故填the。
3．考查名词。句意：许在1921年出生于江西南昌，先后在西南联合大学和清华大学学习外语，1983年起在北京大学担任教授。language “语言”，是可数名词，此处应用复数表示泛指。故填languages。
4. 考查介词。work as ...为固定搭配，意为“作为……(身份)而工作”。故填as。
5. 考查代词。句意：许从事文学翻译工作60余年，被中国公认为“能翻译中英法名著的第一人”。devote oneself to sth为固定搭配，意为“致力于；投身于”。故填himself。
6. 考查词性转换。修饰动词recognized，应用副词作状语。故填widely。
7. 考查定语从句的引导词。设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词experience，且在从句中作宾语，应用that或which。故填that/which。
8．考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。主语Xu和动词award之间是被动关系，根据时间状语in 2014可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为单数。故填was awarded。
9. 考查形容词的最高级。根据设空后的“in the field of translation”可知，此处指“翻译领域的最高荣誉之一”，应用形容词最高级。故填highest。
10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：他是第一个获得该奖项的中国翻译家。名词translator前有序数词修饰，应用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to win。
Ⅲ.读后续写
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Drums in Space
Brenda Bongos was happy, artistic girl, a girl with one big ambition—to play the drums in a band.But one big obstacle lay in her way.To be good enough to play in a band, Brenda had to practice a lot, but she lived next-door to a lot of old people—many of them were sick—in a care home.She knew that the sound of beating drums and crashing cymbals (铙钹) would really make them mad.
Brenda was a very good, respectful girl.She always tried to find a way of practicing her drums without bothering other people.So, she had tried playing in the strangest places: a basement, a kitchen, an attic, and even in a shower.But it was no good; there was always someone it would annoy.However, determined to practice as much as she could, Brenda spent most of her time playing on books and boxes, and looking for new places to practice.
One day, while watching a science documentary on TV, she heard that sound cannot travel in space, because there's no air.At that moment, Brenda Bongos decided to become a sort of musical astronaut.
With the help of a lot of time, a lot of books, and a lot of work, Brenda built a space bubble.This was a big glass ball connected to a machine which sucked out all the air inside.All that would be left inside was a drum kit and a chair.Brenda got into the space suit she had made, entered the bubble, turned on the machine, and ...
She played those drums like a wild child!
It wasn't long before Brenda Bongos—“The Musical Astronaut”—had become very famous.So many people came to see her play in her space bubble that she had to mount a pair of speakers so that everyone could listen to her play.Shortly afterwards she came out of the bubble and started giving concerts.Her fame spread so much that the government proposed that she form part of a unique space journey.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右；
2．请按如下格式作答。
Finally, Brendawasarealmusicalastronaut.
Yearslater, someoneaskedherhowshehadachievedallofthis.
参考范文：
Finally, Brendawasarealmusicalastronaut.She had gone far beyond her first ambition of playing the drums in a band.Not only had she carried out scientific experiments but she tested to plant vegetables for astronauts in the space bubble, which laid a solid foundation for humans to do a distant space journey to Mars.And she won great fame because of that.She succeeded in bearing a scientist from a drum lover.
Yearslater, someoneaskedherhowshehadachievedallofthis. Thinking for a moment, she said, “If those old people next-door hadn't mattered so much to me, I wouldn't have done so much to find a solution to the drum noise, and none of this would have ever happened.” Being considerate to others may bring you unexpected benefits.
