课件45张PPT。第一部分语法知识盘点第1讲 名词一、将下列名词归类 noodle, chalk, bread, pie, weather, pen, second, parent,
newspaper, water, meat, factory, present, gold, computer, furniture,
lemonade, friend, person, advice, promise, Englishnoodle, pie, pen, second, parent, newspaper, factory,
present, computer, friend, person, promisechalk, bread, weather, water, meat, gold, furniture，lemonade, advice, English二、写出下列名词的复数形式
1．规则变化classmate_________
cup______
wife______
thief______
watch______
party______
leaf______
box______minute______
mirror______
family______
factory______
photo______
hero______
knife______
piano______
city ______half______
glass______
match______
potato______
baby______
key______
brush______
mouth______
bus ______minuteshalvesclassmatesmirrorsglassescupsfamiliesmatcheswivesfactoriespotatoesthievesphotosbabieswatchesheroeskeyspartiesknivesbrushesleavespianos
mouthsboxescitiesbuses2．不规则变化goose______
woman______
sheep______
foot______
deer______ man______
people______
child______
tooth______
mouse ______menpeopleteethdeergeesewomensheepchildrenfeetmice三、短语翻译1.我妈妈的生日________________
2.教师节________________3.李明的卧室________________4.爸爸和妈妈的房间________________
5.三个小时的车程________________
6.一幅中国地图________________
7.我的一个朋友________________
8.这只小猫的名字________________my mother's birthdayTeachers' DayLi Ming's bedroomMom and Dad's roomthree hours' drivea map of Chinaa friend of minethe name of the cat ★再现中考★
名词单复数题1(2013 年广东)—Mum, I've heard that we can't eat________ these days.Is it true?
—Take it easy.It is safe to eat cooked meat.A．chicken
C．a chickenB．chickens
D．the chicken [点拨]选A。句意：“妈妈，我听说这些天我们不能吃鸡肉。
是真的吗？”“放轻松。吃煮熟的肉是安全的。”chicken表示
“鸡肉”，是不可数名词，故选A。题2(2012 年广东)The students of Grade 7 visited Mike'sfarm and saw many ________ there.A ．bird
C．sheep B．duck
D．rabbit [点拨]选C。根据句意“在农场看见许多的……”可知用复
数，sheep 的单复数形式一样，故选C。名词所有格题(2014 年广东)Katherine was excited to receive a dozenof roses from her husband on ________ Day.A．Woman
C．Woman'sB．Women
D．Women's [点拨]选D。由语境可判断此处应用名词所有格表示“妇女
节”，故选 D。词义辨析题 1(2013 年广东 )Tom brought a box of biscuits to asummer camp.He ate a few and placed the rest under his bed.After
lunch, he found the box was gone.He went to tell his camp __46__
about it.
...
“That would only make him hate you.I want you to write to
your mother and ask for more __51__.”46．A.cookB．doctorC．coachD．cleaner51．A.giftsB．biscuits C．candiesD．toys [点拨]46.选C。分析语境可知，在夏令营发现饼干不见了，
应该告诉“教练”，故选 C。
51．选B。由上文可知是“饼干”，故选 B。题2(2012 年梅州)At the bottom of the __48__， there wasa notice that said, “If you do not see the dish you need on this menu,
please tell us and we will add it to the menu right away.”48．A.menu
C．restaurantB．dish
D．table [点拨]选A。根据后文“If you do not see the dish you need on
this menu...”判断，可知是“菜单”，故选A。词语的用法题1(2014 年广东 )Later, I worked in a small __76__ ，serving the guests, cleaning up the tables, washing the dishes and
sweeping the floors.
[点拨]填 restaurant。根据“serving the guests, cleaning up the
tables, washing the dishes and sweeping the floors”可知是在“饭
店”，故填 restaurant。题2(2013 年广东)They were very sad and then threw riceinto the __74__ to feed the fishes so that they would stay away
from his body.
[ 点拨] 填river/water 。 根据 “to feed the fishes so that they
would stay away from his body”可知，应填与水有关的词。故填
river 或water。 可数名词
1.可数名词通常是个体名词和集体名词，可以计数，如：tree—trees
family—familieschild—children
class—classes 2.可数名词由单数形式变为复数形式，其构成方法分为规
则的和不规则的两种。(1)规则变化(以o 结尾的名词变复数) 加-s：小马虎弹着钢琴 (piano) 听着收音机 (radio)，又到
动物园 (zoo) 和袋鼠 (kangaroo) 照相 (photo)，最后考试得了
个大鸭蛋 (零分) (zero)。加-es：黑人 (Negro) 英雄 (hero) 喜欢吃西红柿 (tomato)和土豆 (potato)。(以f 或fe 结尾的名词变复数)树叶 (leaf) 半数 (half) 自己 (self) 黄，妻子 (wife) 拿刀(knife) 上山冈，架 (shelf) 后窜出一只狼 (wolf) ，好像强盗 (thief) 逃命(life) 忙。 注意：有少数以f 或fe 结尾的名词变成复数形式时，只加
-s，如：roofs, gulfs, chiefs 等。但是，handkerchief/scarf 的复数
形式可以是 handkerchiefs/scarfs ， 也可以是handkerchieves/
scarves。(2)不规则变化(需记忆)（续表）(3) 有些名词虽以 s 结尾，却并不是复数形式。①某些学科的名称。 如：maths ( 数学), politics ( 政治),physics (物理), economics (经济学)。②某些活动的名称。 如：politics (政治活动), athletics (体育活动)。③某些国家或组织的名称。如：the United States (美国), theUnited Nations (联合国)。④以复数形式出现的书名、剧名、报纸、杂志名，也可视为单数。如：The Arabian Nights is a very interesting story-book.《天方夜谭》是一本很有趣的故事书。 ⑤news 为不可数名词，是单数。如：
Good news spreads fast.好消息传得快。
注意：(1)集体名词强调每一个个体成员时，是复数概念，
作主语时谓语动词用复数；如果强调整个团体，则视为单数概
念，作主语时谓语动词用单数。但 furniture, equipment, clothing
一类的集体名词是不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用单数。
(2)有些名词的单复数形式表示的意义不同。如：some people 一些 two fish 两条鱼—two fishes 两种鱼类
人—some peoples 一些民族 男女孩子的脚踩住老鼠的牙 man—men, woman—women,
child—children, foot—feet, mouse—mice, tooth—teeth；
单复数同形的可数名词：中日鱼鹿羊，即 Chinese (中国人),Japanese (日本人), fish (鱼), deer (鹿), sheep (绵羊)； 各国人变复数： 中日不变英法变， 其他 s 加后面。即
Chinese, Japanese 单复数同形； Englishman, Frenchman 中man
变为men; 其余各国人如German, American, Australian, Indian 等
均在后面直接加-s。典题分析题1(2013 年广安)—Are there any ________ in yourschool?
—Yes, there are.A．GermenB．GermansC．German [点拨]选B。由问句中there be 句型中的 be 动词用的复数
are 可知句子中的名词是复数，German 的复数形式是Germans。
故选 B。题2There are many ________ playing on the playground.A．child
C.man teachersB．children
D．sheeps [点拨]选 B。分析题意可知本题应用复数，孩子的复数形式
是 children，男老师的复数形式是 men teachers，sheep (羊)的单
复数相同。故选 B。不可数名词1.不可数名词一般指物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词等，没有复数形式，其前不能用冠词 a/an 或数词修饰。常见的不可数名词有：food, meat, fish, chicken, pork, beef,mutton, drink, milk, tea, coke, water, rice, bread, homework, news,paper, ice, rain, snow, wind, air, weather, work 等。分辨可数和不可数的八句歌诀可数不可数好分辨，名词所示物分两半；如每半不能叫原名，那该词可数最公平；每半还能把原名叫，不可数名词就遇到；有的名词是两面堵，意变不可数为可数。 注意：有些名词有两个或两个以上不同的意思，其中一个
意思表示不可数名词，另外一个意思表示可数名词。如：glass 玻璃—a glass 一个玻璃杯—glasses 眼镜
paper 纸—a paper 一份试卷，一篇论文
room 空间，余地，地方—a room 一个房间
orange 橙汁—an orange 一个橙子
chicken 鸡肉—a chicken 一只小鸡
drink 饮料—a drink 一份饮料
fish 鱼肉—fishes 鱼类time 时间—times 时代，次数2.不可数名词量的表示(1)不能与 a/an 或数词直接连用，但特指某物时可与 the 连用。(2)不可数名词的数量要借助一个量词来表达，其结构为“数词/冠词＋量词＋of＋不可数名词”。如：a piece of paper/bread/news 一 张 纸 / 一 片 面 包 / 一 则 新 闻two small bowls of rice 两小碗米饭 注意：(1)加在不可数名词前的量词是可数的，所以当数词
大于 1 时，量词要变为复数形式。如：two cups of tea/coffee两杯茶/咖啡 three glasses of water 三杯水
four pieces of advice 四条建议
(2)可数名词有时也可以用“数词/冠词＋量词(可数)＋of”
结构来表示数量。请区别：two boxes of chalk 两盒粉笔two boxes of pears 两箱梨 3. 不 可 数 名 词 前 可 用 much, little, a little, a lot of/lots of,
some, any 等表示量。如：
some/much money 一些/很多钱
a lot of information 许多信息典题分析(2013 年遂宁)I'm so hungry.Please give me ________ 题1
to eat.A．three breadB．three pieces of bread C．three pieces of breads
[点拨]选 B。bread 是不可数名词，不能直接用数词修饰，
因此 bread 后面不能加 s；不可数名词的计量形式为：基数词/
不定冠词＋量词(可数)＋of ＋不可数名词，three pieces of bread
表示“三片面包”。故选 B。There isn't any ________ in the fridge.We need to go 题2
shopping.A．orangesB．milkC．eggsD．rices [点拨]选B。根据题干中的 isn't any 可判断后接不可数名词；
选项 A、C 为可数名词的复数，选项D 是不可数名词不能加-s，
只有选项 B 是不可数名词的正确形式。名词所有格名词所有格用来表示名词和名词之间的所属关系。
1.表示人或有生命物品的名词的所有格（续表） 2.表示无生命物品的名词的所有格
(1)一些表示无生命物品的名词的所有格要用“of”来表示前
者属于后者的所属关系。如：a map of China 一张中国地图
the end of the term 学期末the foot of the hill 山脚
the leaves of the tree 树叶 注意：如果名词前有表示职业或称谓的定语修饰，尽管名
词表示有生命的东西，也可用 of 表示所属关系。如：
the story of Dr.Smith 史密斯博士的故事
the speech of President Obama 奥巴马总统的演讲(2)表示时间、距离、长度、重量、价格等的名词的所有格要用“'s”来表示。如：two pounds' weight 两磅的重量
ten dollars' worth 十美元的价值one hundred miles' journey 一百英里的旅程
a boat's length 一条船的长度seven days' holiday＝a seven-day holiday 七天的假期
six minutes' walk＝a six-minute walk 步行六分钟的路程注意：一些名词表示所属关系时，通常并不使用所有格，而是借助于某些介词。如：
the key to the door 门的钥匙the way to the school 去学校的路the answer to the question 问题的答案 英语名词所有格， 表示某物是“谁的”。所有格构成有方法，
多数要把's 加。复数词尾有 s, 只加撇号'就 OK。名词若为无生
命， 常把 of 来运用。时间、地点和距离， 所有格也可用's。典题分析题1(2013 年随州)—How far is your cousin's home fromhere?
—It's about two ________ ride.A．hour's
C．hours'B．hours
D．hour [点拨]选C。由 two 可知 hour 应用复数形式，表示“两小
时车程”应用名词所有格，故选C。题2(2013 年广安)—Whose room is this? —It's ________.
A．Lucy and Lily
B．Lucy and Lily's
C．Lucy's and Lily's
[点拨]选B。由is 可知是Lucy 和Lily 共用一个房间，故选
B。1．sound, voice, noise即景活用(1)Mary is a famous singer.She has a good ________.
(2)Don't make so much ________ in class.
(3)Can you hear the ________ of the water?voicenoisesound 2．work 与job
注意：work 也可用作可数名词，意思是“著作”。如： Lu
Xun wrote many works in his life. 鲁迅一生中写了很多部著作。
work 还可用作动词，意为“工作”。如：He works in a big
factory. 他在一家大工厂工作。
即景活用
(1)You have done a day's ________ in three hours.________？(2)—What does your father's
—He is a teacher.workjob3．problem 与 question即景活用I have some ________ in learning English, so I should ask theteacher a lot of ________ after class.problemsquestions4．home, house, family即景活用(1)We bought a new ________ near the river.(2)All my ________ are watching the Spring Festival Gala (春晚)．(3)I miss my parents so much and I want to go ________.housefamilyhome5．human, people, person注意：peoples 一般是表示“民族”。即景活用(1)The ________ in my hometown are friendly.(2)My friend Fred is a ________ who may help you a lot.
(3)The ________ is different from the animal.peoplepersonhuman6．road, way, street (1)road 意为“公路，马路”，指两侧之间可供行人或车辆
通过的宽阔而又平坦的大道。“在马路上”一般用 on the road。
(2)way 意为“路线，路途，方法”，指从一地到另一地的
路途或解决问题的办法。常用固定短语有：in this way (用这种
方式), on the way to (在去……的路上), get in the way of (挡道)
等。(3)street 意为“街道”，主要指两侧有房屋的道路。“在街上”一般用 in the street。即景活用(1)Excuse me, could you tell me the ________ to the postoffice?(2)When he went to work, he saw an old woman lying in the________.(3)The ________ in this village is wider than before.waystreetroad第一部分 语法知识盘点
第1讲 名词
考点1 可数名词
( )1.(2012年东营)Mr.Jackson keeps lots of ________ on his farm.
A．sheep B．chicken C．goose D．pandas
( )2.(2012年遵义)All the ________ in our school enjoyed themselves on March 8th because it was their own holiday.
A.men teachers B．women teachers C．women teacher
( )3.(2014年永州)—Whose ________ are these?
—I think they are John's.
A．key B．keies C．keys
考点2 不可数名词
( )1.(2014年广州)Yesterday for dinner I had a piece of beef, vegetables and ________.
A．some rice B．a few rice C．a little rices D．a rice
( )2.(2013年白银)Just search the Internet, you can get almost all the ________ you need.
A．informations B．information C．picture D．story
( )3.(2013年随州)—Mum, I am hungry. May I have some ________？
—Of course.But don't eat too much.
A．bread B．noodle C．dumpling D．hamburger
考点3 名词所有格
( )1.(2014年长沙)—Is the schoolbag under the desk yours?
—No, it's my________.He left it there just now.
A．brother B．brother's C．brothers'
( )2.(2012年钦州)Tomorrow is ________. The students want to buy some flowers for their teachers.
A．Teacher Day B．Teacher's Day
C．Teachers' Day D．the Teachers Day
( )3.Can you imagine what life will be like in ________ time?
A.50 years' B．50 year's C．50-years' D．50-years
( )1.(2014年安徽)—More and more people come to visit Mount Huangshan.
—That's true.It has become the ________ of Anhui.
A.pride B．effort C．praise D．courage
( )2.(2014年陕西)—Oh, a nice photo! Is this your uncle's child?
—Yes, it's my________.
A．cousin B．sister C．brother D．daughter
( )3.(2014年泰安)—I hear you have to get up early every morning.
—Right.It's one of the________ of my family.
A．plans B．jobs C．programs D．rules
( )4.(2014年重庆)—Lily, could you please pass me the________？ I want to cut the apple.
—Sure, here you are.
A．pen B．pencil C．book D．knife
( )5.(2014年白银)The boy didn't sleep well last night because of the ________ from the factory.
A．voice B．noise C．music D．song
( )6.(2014年云南)My favourite ________ is summer.I can swim with my friends.
A．month B．day C．season D．weekend
( )7.(2013年梅州)—I am very thirsty now.
—Would you like some ________？
A.tea B.fish C．noodles D.potatoes
( )8.(2013年武汉)He will have to watch his ________ because of his serious stomach problem.
A．style B．diet C．smell D．menu
( )9.(2013年滨州)—Do you think the ________ of this skirt suits me?
—Of course! You always look beautiful in red.
A.size B．design C．price D．color
( )10.(2013年德州)The people who are more confident have more ________ to make themselves successful.
A.education B．chances C．pride D．excuses
( )11.(2013年连云港)—It's a wise ________ to wear the white tie.It matches your shirt well.
—Thank you very much.
A．choice B．support C．mixture D．honour
( )12.(2012年茂名)________ school is quite near the bus station.
A.Ted and Tom's B．Ted's and Tom's
C．Ted and Tom
( )13.(2012年深圳)—What are the ________ doing there?
—They are busy ________ their science experiment.
A．boys students; to do B．boy students; to do
C．boys students; doing D．boy students; doing
( )14.(2012年日照) After school, I had a long ________ with my teacher about my study.
A.talk B．word C．speech D．story
( )15.(2012年河北)I'd like a ________ for dessert.Fruit, you know, is good for health.
A.potato B．banana C．candy D．pie
( )1.Did you have a lot of ________ in the park yesterday?
A．funs B．fun C．interests D．funny
( )2.There is a lot of ________ in the street.Be careful when you cross the street.
A．police B．people C．thieves D．traffic
( )3.Today, we have many other ________ to pay besides coins or paper money.
A.excuses B．ways C．chances D．plans
( )4.—Taking a walk in the evening is a good ________.
—So it is.It keeps us healthy.
A.habit B．hobby C．rule D．favor
( )5.Look, there are so many ________ and ________ on the road.
A．buses; cares B．buss; cars C．buses; cars D．buss; cares
( )6.Mary's skirt is the same as her ________.
A.sisters B．brother C．brother's D．sister's
( )7.—Can I help you, sir?
—I'd like to have 100 ________.I want my students to draw pictures.
A．piece of paper B．pieces of paper
C.pieces of papers D．piece of papers
( )8.Mr.Black gave us ________ on how to learn English well.
A.an advice B.many advices
C．some advice D.some advices
( )9.They are from ________.They're ________.
A.Germany; Germans B.Germans; Germany
C．German; Germany D.Germany; Germen
( )10.________ mothers can't come to the meeting because they have gone to Dalian.
A．Sally's and Jane B.Sally and Jane's
C．Sally's and Jane's D.Sally and Janes'
( )11.Do you know the ________ the school?
A.name of B．name's C．name D．named
( )12.He is a friend of ________.
A．my sister B．my sisters C．my sisters's D．my sister's
( )13.I have to speak to my grandpa loudly because something is wrong with his ________.
A．eyes B．ears C．hands D．legs
( )14.How many________ are there in the international village?
A．Japanese B．Russian C．American D．German
( )15.Can you imagine what life will be like in ________ time?
A．20 years' B．20 year's C．20-years' D．20-years
( )16.British people eat ________ a lot, and they are usually cooked in different ways.
A．chicken B．beef C．fish D．potatoes
( )17.Please pick up the ________.Don't keep it on the floor.
A.paper B．boxes C．books D．bottles
( )18.Are these your ________？
A．tomato B．potatos C．radioes D．photos
( )19.My________ of this weekend's activity is going out with some good friends.
A．idea B．opinion C．mind D．way
( )20.You should do more ________.Don't always sit at the desk busy doing your________.
A．exercise; exercises B．exercises; exercise
C．exercises; exercises D．exercise; exercise
参考答案
第一部分 语法知识盘点
第1讲 名词
考点·实战演练
考点1
1．A lots of修饰可数名词复数形式，也可修饰不可数名词，选项B、C为可数名词单数，选项D“熊猫”也不会养在农场，故选A，sheep单复数同形。
2．B 根据句中提到的三八妇女节，可知是女教师；由于前面有all修饰，因此用复数形式，名词woman修饰复数名词时，本身也要变复数。故选B。
3．C 由are these可知应用复数，key是以“元音字母＋y”结尾的单词，其复数是直接加s，故选C。
考点2
1．A rice为不可数名词，不能用a few或a修饰，同时也没有复数形式，故选A。
2．B 根据句意可知，上网可以获得几乎所有“信息”(information)，且information为不可数名词，故选B。
3．A noodle, dumpling, hamburger一般表示为复数形式，bread是不可数名词，故选A。
考点3
1．B 句意是“它是我哥哥的”，单数名词所有格，名词后加“'s”，故选B。
2．C 教师节是所有教师的节日，因此teacher要用复数形式的所有格，故选C。
3．A 当名词为复数作定语时， 直接在后面加“'”即可，故选A。
真题·体验感悟
1—5 AADDB 6—10 CABDB 11—15 AADAB
模拟·巩固提升
1—5 BDBAC 6—10 DBCAC 11—15 ADBAA
16—20 DADAA
