课件38张PPT。第11讲 句子种类和成分一、请根据中文提示完成句子1．—________ ________ (你) often exercise?—Yes.2．—________ (什么) are you doing here?—We are practicing a new show.3 ．________ ( 不要) tell me the same story any more.I don'twant to listen to it again.4．________ ________ (多么) great change it is!
5．—Is he Jim ________ (还是) Tom?—I think he's Tom.Do you What Don't What a or 二、单句改错1．He didn't do anything about it, didn't he？________________
2．How long will the building be finished？_________________
3．What does he want to be a pilot? ________________
4．What a beautiful it is！____________5．I don't think she's that young, do I？___________didn't he→did he How long→How soon What→Why What a→How do I→is she ★再现中考★
感叹句题1(2014 年广东 )—Do you know Wang Feng? He canremember 100 groups of numbers in five minutes.
—Yes.________ man he is!A．What a smart
C．What a stupidB．How smart
D．How stupid [点拨]选A。感叹句的结构为“What a/an＋adj.＋名词(＋主
语＋谓语)！”或“How＋adj.＋主语＋谓语！”。根据上句“他
能在5 分钟内记住100 组数字。”可知他是“聪明的”，故选A。题2(2013 年广东)Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize forLiterature last year.________ excellent he is!A.How
C．What aB．What
D．What an [点拨]选A。分析句子结构可知，感叹句的中心词是形容词
excellent，故应用how 引导。疑问句题1(2013 年广东)—________ is it from the village to yourfarm?
—About 10 minutes' walk.A.How often
C．How longB．How soon
D．How far [点拨]选D。how often多久一次，how soon多久 ，how long
多长，how far多远。根据答语可知是询问路程多远，所以选D 。题2(2012年广东)—You haven't been to the West Lake,have you?
—________.But I will go there with my parents this summer
vacation.A．No, I haven't
C．Yes, I have B．No, I didn't
D．Yes, I did [点拨]选A。反义疑问句要根据实际情况回答。根据答句中
“但是我打算这个暑假去那里。”可知他还没有去西湖。反义疑
问句是现在完成时态，故回答也应该用现在完成时态，故选A。句子种类 句子按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、感叹句、祈使句
和倒装句五种。中考考点主要集中在疑问句、感叹句和祈使句
这三种句子。陈述句 用来陈述一个事实或者表达说话者看法的句子叫陈述句。
陈述句的句末用句号。陈述句分为肯定句和否定句。1.肯定句I have been to Beijing for several times. 我曾经去过北京几次。2.否定句借助否定词 not, no, never, no one, nobody, nothing, none 等，以及半否定词 hardly, few, little 等构成否定句。如：
We can't live without air.没有空气我们就无法生存。 注意：(1)肯定句变否定句时，句中的连词and 要改为or。如：
Mary likes toy cars and transformers.→Mary doesn't like toy carsor transformers. (2)含有 all, both, each, every 等的肯定句加 not 变否定句后，
表示部分否定；若表示全部否定则用 none, neither, no one, nobody
等。如：Not everything he said is right.不是他说的所有事情都对。
None of the students worked out the difficult maths problem. 没有一个学生做出了那道数学难题。(3)含有 already, too 的肯定句变否定句时，already, too 要分别变为 yet, either。如：My sister likes that kind of book, too.→My sister doesn't like thatkind of book, either.疑问句1.一般疑问句(1)把 be 动词、助动词、情态动词置于句首。
(2)直接用 yes 或 no 来回答的问句。如：—Does he go to school at 7：30 every day？他每天七点半上学吗？—Yes, he does./No, he doesn't.是的，他是。/不，他不是。
(3)如果提问人对答案没有肯定或否定的意向，句中常用非肯定词。如：Are there any trees in the garden？院子里有树吗？(4)如果提问人希望得到肯定的回答，则句中常用肯定词。如：Would you like some drink？你想喝点什么吗？ (5)否定疑问句是以“be 动词/情态动词/助动词＋not”的缩
写形式开头的，表请求、看法或惊讶等；其答语和汉语习惯不
同，要依据事实回答。如：—Aren't you a student? 你不是一名学生吗？—Yes, I am./No, I am not.不，我是。/是的，我不是。2.特殊疑问句特殊疑问句是用疑问代词或疑问副词提问的句子，不用 yes或 no 回答，而是根据具体情况进行回答。(1)疑问词作句子的宾语、状语、表语或修饰这三种成分时，用“疑问词＋一般疑问句”结构。如：
How did you come here？你怎么来这里的？ (2)疑问词作主语或主语的定语时，用陈述句语序。如：
Whose father works in Shanghai？谁的父亲在上海工作？
(3)常见的疑问代词有 what, which, who, whom, which, whose;
疑问副词有 when, where, why, how 等；疑问词组有 how many, how
much, how soon, how often, how long, how far, how old 等。3.选择疑问句 提出两种或两种以上情况，要求对方选择一种情况回答，这
种问句叫选择疑问句。不能用“yes”或“no”作答，要选择其中之一
作答，其结构为：(1)一般疑问句＋or＋被选择的部分？如：—Is it the name of a book or a movie？它是一本书还是一部电影的名字？—It's the name of a book.它是一本书的名字。
(2)特殊疑问句， A or B? 如：—Which do you prefer, apples or bananas? 你更喜欢哪一种(水果)，苹果还是香蕉？—Apples.苹果。典题分析题1(2014年重庆A卷)—________ does your cousinusually go to work on foot?
—He says it's good for his health.A.Where
C．WhyB．When
D．How [点拨]选C。根据答语中“it's good for his health”表示原因可
知选C。题2(2013年淮安)—Can I park my car in front of thebuilding?
—No, you ________.A．won't
C．needn'tB．can't
D．couldn't [点拨]选B。can 引导的一般疑问句，否定回答要借助于
can't。题3(2012 年铜仁)—Is this a Chinese book or an Englishbook?
—Oh，________.A.Yes, it is
C.An English bookB.No, it isn't
D．A music book [点拨]选C。对选择疑问句的回答只能选择其中一种情况回
答，故选C。反意疑问句1．构成：陈述句＋简略问句遵循原则：前肯定，后否定；前否定，后肯定。 简略问句部分的主语与陈述句部分的主语保持一致，且只
能用相应的人称代词(there be 句型除外)。简略问句的谓语动词
也要与陈述句的谓语动词保持一致；如果是否定，一定要用缩
写。如：Your brother went home, didn't he？你哥哥回家了，是吗？
There are many flowers in the box, aren't there？盒子里有很多花，是吗？2．陈述句部分用“I'm...”结构时，简略问句部分一般用“aren'tI”。 3 ．陈述句部分中有 little, few, no, never, nothing, nobody,
hardly 等表示否定意义的词时，简略问句部分用肯定形式。如：
There is little milk in the bottle, is there？瓶子里没多少牛奶了，是吗？ 4 ． 陈述句部分的主语为不定代词 nothing, something,
anything 时，简略问句部分的主语用代词 it；陈述句部分的主语
为不定代词 everyone, no one, someone, everybody, nobody,
anybody时，简略问句部分的主语常用代词 they，有时也用 he。 5．陈述句部分的主语是指示代词 this 或 that 时，简略问句
部分的主语用 it；陈述句部分的主语是 these 或 those 时，简略
问句部分的主语用 they。 6．陈述句部分如果是“I (don't) think (believe, suppose...)＋
宾语从句”结构，简略问句部分的主语和谓语应与宾语从句中
的主语和谓语保持一致。如：I don't think he is right, is he？我认为他不对，是吧？ 7．陈述句部分含有情态动词 must，表示猜测，意为“一
定是；必定”时，简略问句部分与 must 后面的部分保持一致，
不能用 mustn't；当 must 表示“一定要；必须”时，简略问句部
分用 needn't。如：You must be a lawyer, aren't you ？你一定是个律师，是不是？He must return tomorrow, needn't he？他明天必须回去，是不是？We mustn't speak loudly in the library, must we？我们不应该在图书馆大声喧哗，对不对？8．祈使句的反意疑问句 祈使句部分是肯定的，简略问句部分用 will you/won't you；
祈使句部分是否定的，简略问句部分用 will you。祈使句部分如
果是 let's 引导，简略问句部分用 shall we；如果是 let us 引导，
则用 will you。9．感叹句的反意疑问句一律用否定式，并用 be 动词的一般现在时。如：What a fine day, isn't it？多好的天气呀，不是吗？ 10．对反意疑问句作答时，需根据其实际情况而定。实际
情况是肯定的，则用“Yes＋肯定结构”；实际情况是否定的，
则用“No＋否定结构”。如：—You won't go there, will you？你不会去那里，对吗？
—Yes, I will.不，我会去。典题分析题1(2014 年龙东)I don't think they can make everythinggood enough, ________？A.do IB.can theyC．can't they [点拨]选B。当句子主句的主语为第一人称且含有think,
believe, suppose 时，后面的简略问句部分要根据从句来确定。
故选C。题2(2013 年温州)—It's Father's Day, ________？—Yes.Let's buy a gift for Dad.A．isn't it
C．isn't heB．doesn't it
D．doesn't he [点拨]选A。反意疑问句的陈述句部分谓语动词用了系动词
is，简略问句部分也应用is, 且陈述句的主语是it，故简略问句
应为“isn't it ”。故选A。题3(2013 年宜宾)—Sam didn't go to school yesterday, didhe?
—________.He was ill yesterday.A．Yes, he did
C．No, he didn'tB.No, he did
D.Yes, he didn't [点拨]选C。由答语后句“昨天他生病了。”可知，Sam 昨天
没有去上学，事实是否定的，应用否定回答。故选C。题4(2012 年孝感)—She's never spoken to a foreigner,________？
—Yes.She's active and can speak English freely.A.is she
C．isn't sheB．has she
D．hasn't she [点拨]选B。陈述句部分有表示否定意义的副词never，并
且句中使用的spoken是过去分词，所以此句是现在完成时态，
故简略问句部分应该由 has 的肯定形式构成。故选B。祈使句 祈使句用以表示命令、请求、叮嘱或建议，主语通常省略。
肯定式中谓语动词用原形，否定式中用“Don't (Never)＋动词原
形”。如：Turn on the light.开灯。Don't turn on the light.不要开灯。祈使句的句式结构典题分析题1(2014 年重庆A卷 )________ wake up your sister,Ben.She needs a good sleep.A.Don't
C．Aren'tB．Doesn't
D．Can't [点拨]选A。根据祈使句的否定一律用“Don't/Never＋动词
原形”可知选A。题2(2013年白银 )“________ exercise every day, myson.It's good for your health.” Dad often said to him.A．Takes
C．TakeB．Taking
D．To take[点拨]选C。祈使句的肯定形式应该是以动词原形开头。感叹句感叹句一般是用来表示说话者的喜、怒、哀、乐等情感，常用 what 和 how 引导。感叹句的基本句型（续表）典题分析题1(2014年滨州)—________ interesting the film is!—Yes, I have seen it twice.A．What
C．What aB．How
D．How an [点拨]选B。句意：“电影真的很精彩啊！”“对的，我已
经看过两遍了。”感叹句的引导词为 what/how ，其结构有
“What＋a/an＋形容词＋单数名词＋主谓！”“What＋形容词
＋复数名词＋主谓！”“How＋形容词＋主谓！”。根据问句
的结构，符合引导词为how 的用法，故选B。(2013年安顺)________ good time they had last 题2
weekend!A．How
C．What aB．What
D．How a [点拨]选C。what 引导的感叹句句式结构为：What (＋a/an)
＋形容词＋名词＋主语＋谓语。how 引导的感叹句句式为：
How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语。have a good time 为固定搭
配，再结合句子结构可知选C。句子成分句子的成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语和同位语。见下表：（续表）第11讲 句子种类和成分
考点1 疑问句
( )1.(2014年咸宁)—Do you want to go to Taiwan or Tibet for holiday?
—________.
A.No, I don't B.Yes, I do C.Good idea D.I want to Taiwan
( )2.(2014年呼和浩特)I hear they are going to London, but I don't know ________ they will stay there.
A.how soon B.how often C.how long D.how fast
( )3.(2012年衢州)—Excuse me, ________ can I get to the nearest bookshop?
—Go along this road and you will find it on your right.
A．why B．where C．when D．how
考点2 反意疑问句
( )1.(2014年安顺)I don't think she will agree with us, ________？
A．will she B．won't she C．don't you D．do you
( )2.(2013年泸州)Tell me the way to the cinema, ________ you?
A．will B．need C．shall D．may
( )3.(2012年安顺)—You can hardly swim，________ you?
—________.But my mother says she'll teach me during my summer holiday.
A．can't; No B．can; No C．can't; Yes D．can; Yes
( )4.—It's sunny today.Let's go mountain climbing, ________？
—Good idea!
A.shall we B.will you C．won't you D．should me
考点3 祈使句
( )1.(2014年上海)________ carefully, Michael! There's a school ahead.
A．Drive B．To drive C．Drove D．Driving
( )2.(2013年南充)________ call me Wang Wang! It's my dog's name.
A．Not B．No C．Don't
考点4 感叹句
( )1.(2014年长沙)________ nervous the girl was! She could not fall asleep all night.
A．What B.What a C.How
( )2.(2013年济南)—Have you heard of Zhang Lili? She was seriously hurt in an accident in order to save one of her students.
—________ good teacher!
A.How B．What C．What a D．What an
( )3.(2012年自贡)—A subway will be built in our hometown before 2015.
—________！ Will it pass my house?
A．What an excited news B．What exciting news
C．How exciting news
( )1.(2014年佛山)________ seriously ill the poor old monkey is!
A．How B．What a C．What
( )2.(2014年佛山)—________ can we learn from the film Frozen?
—True love, I think.
A．Who B．What C．Which
( )3.(2014年梅州)________ play with fire.________ with fire is dangerous.
A．Don't; Playing B．Not; Playing C．Don't; Play D．Not to; To play
( )4.(2014年广州)—Sorry I'm late.
—________ tell me the bus broke down again!
A．Never to B．Not C．Don't D．No
( )5.(2014年连云港)—________ will the fog and haze last?
—I've no idea.There is no sign of an end.
A．How soon B．How far C．How long D．How often
( )6.(2014年平凉)—Do you mind if I smoke here?
—________.It's non-smoking area.
A．Certainly not B．Of course not
C．I'm afraid not D．I'm sorry but I do
( )7.(2014年达州)—Judy's never been late for school, ________ she?
—________.She is always the first to get to school every morning.
A．is; Yes B．has; No C．isn't; Yes D．hasn't; No
( )8.(2014年龙东)—What can you see in the garden?
—Flowers.________ beautiful they are!
A.What B．How C．How a
( )9.(2014年十堰)________ weather it is today!
A．What hot B.How hot C．What a hot D.How a hot
( )10.(2014年临沂)________ delicious these beef noodles are!
A．What B．How C．What a D．How a
( )11.(2013年湛江)—________ do you go to the library?
—Once a week.
A．How often B．How soon C．How long D．How far
( )12.(2013年佛山)________ terrible the school bus accident was!
A．How B．What C．What a
( )13.(2012年佛山)________ delicious food my mother cooks every day!
A．What a B．What C．How
( )14.(2012年河源)________ interesting book it is!
A．How B．What C．What an D．How a
( )15.(2012年深圳)—Rose, we will start at six tomorrow morning.Don't be late, ________？
—________.I'll be there on time.
A．won't you; Yes, I will B．will you; Yes, I will
C．will you; No, I won't D．won't you; No, I won't
( )1.Something unusual happened yesterday, ________？
A．isn't it B．didn't it C．don't they D．aren't they
( )2.How beautiful the rainbow is, ________？
A．doesn't it B．does it C．isn't it D．is it
( )3.Please ________ your dog here.
A.not walk B．not walking C．don't walking D．don't walk
( )4.—You forget that man, don't you?
—________.He's a writer.
A．No, I don't B．No, I do C．Yes, I do D．Yes, I don't
( )5.They hardly know what you did, ________？
A．don't they B．do they C．did they D．didn't they
( )6.________ amazing the performance is!
A．What a B．What C．How a D．How
( )7.________ nice man he is!
A．What B．What a C．How D．How a
( )8.I supposed my sister would come back tomorrow, ________？
A．did I B．wouldn't I C．did she D．wouldn't she
( )9.—________ do you go to school every day?
—By bus.
A．How B．Why C．Where D．When
( )10.—Are you going to borrow a dictionary or a magazine?
—________.
A．Yes, a dictionary B．No, a magazine
C．A dictionary D．Yes, both
( )11.These are wonderful, ________？
A．aren't they B．are they C．is it D．isn't it
( )12.Let's go for a drive, ________？
A．do we B．will we C．shall we D．will you
( )13.The light is off.He must go to bed, ________？
A．mustn't he B．doesn't he C．need he D．needn't he
( )14.—Don't forget to return his dictionary to him.
—OK, I________.
A．don't B．can't C．haven't D．won't
( )15.—Peter, ________ do you visit your grandparents?
—Twice a month.
A．how long B．how soon C．how far D．how often
( )16.—________ delicious beef!
—Well, you can eat more if you like it.
A.What B．What a C．How D．How a
( )17.Don't open the door, ________？
A.aren't you B．don't you C．will you D．won't you
( )18.—________？
—He is tall.
A．How is he B．What does he like
C．What is he D．What does he look like
( )19.One can't be always young, ________？
A．is he B．can he C．can't he D．isn't he
( )20.—________ do you like Chinese food?
—Very delicious.
A．What B．Why C．How D．For what
第11讲 句子种类和成分
考点·实战演练
考点1
1．D 选择疑问句，不能用Yes或No回答，要选择其中一种情况作答，所以答案选D。
2．C how soon 表示“还要多久才”，一般用于将来时，回答用in引导的时间状语；how often表示“多久一次”，指动作的频率；how long 表示“(延续)多长时间”，回答用for或since引导的时间状语；how fast表示“多快”，指速度。结合语境可知选C。
3．D 根据答语可知，这是对去某地的方式进行询问， 故选D。
考点2
1．A 当主句主语为第一人称且含有think, believe, suppose时，后面的疑问部分要根据从句来确定。故选A。
2．A 祈使句的反义疑问句除了let's开头的，简略问句部分都用will you，所以选A。
3．B hardly意为“几乎不”，是否定副词。根据反意疑问句“前否后肯”的原则可知第一个空排除A、C两项；又根据答语的第二句话可知我不会游泳，所以第二个空应是No，意为“是的，我不会”，故选B。
4．A Let's引导的反意疑问句的疑问部分用shall we，故选A。
考点3
1．A 祈使句的动词使用原形。
2．C 表示“不要做某事”有两种表达方法：“No＋动名词”或者“Don't＋动词原形”，根据动词call为原形可知选C。
考点4
1．C 感叹句的结构为“How＋形容词/副词(＋主语＋谓语)！”或“What(＋a/an)＋adj.＋名词(＋主语＋谓语)！”该题中the girl was为主语和谓语部分，nervous为形容词，因此用how修饰。
2．C teacher是可数名词单数形式，good以辅音发音开头，所以感叹句用“What a．..！”。
3．B news是不可数名词，用what来修饰，故选B。
真题·体验感悟
1—5 ABACC 6—10 DBBAB 11—15 AABCC
模拟·巩固提升
1—5 BCDAB 6—10 DBDAC 11—15 ACBDD
16—20 ACDBC
