课件15张PPT。第八节 连词一、 连词的定义与分类 连词属于虚词之一，它不能在句子里独立地承担句子成分，
而只能起连接作用，连接词与词、短语与短语、句子与句子。
连词可分成两类，并列连词和从属连词。二、连词的用法1.并列连词：一般包括并列关系、转折关系、选择关系和因果关系四种。(1)表示并列关系的连词有：and, not only...but also..., as wellas, both...and..., neither...nor...等。 ①and 表示“和，又，而且”连接两个并列成分时，位于
两者之间；连接三个以上的并列成分时，常位于最后一个成分
之前。如：Shanghai and Beijing are big cities.上海和北京都是大城市。
You, he and I are good friends.你，他和我都是好朋友。
The boy can sing, dance and make all kinds of faces.这个男孩会唱歌、跳舞，还会做各种鬼脸。 ②both...and...(既……又……，两者都……)连接两个对等的
成分；当连接两个主语时，主语被看成复数，谓语的形式应当
与主语保持一致。如：Both my father and my mother are teachers.我父亲和我母亲都是老师。 ③not only...but also...(不但……而且……)连接两个对等的
成分；当连接两个主语时，谓语动词应当与 but also 后面的主
语在人称和数上保持一致。如：We can not only read but also write.我们不但能读，而且还能写。
Not only you but also he needs to take part in the activity.不仅你，还有他也需要参加那个活动。 ④as well as (以及)与 besides 意思相近，其侧重点在前一个
词，因此连接两个主语时，谓语动词应当与它前面的主语在人
称和数上保持一致。如：He as well as his friends likes to play chess.他喜欢下棋，他的朋友们也一样。 ⑤neither...nor...(既不……也不……，……和……都不)连接
两个主语时，谓语动词通常与 nor 后面的主语在人称和数上保
持一致。如：Neither you nor she knows Japanese.你和她都不懂日语。(2)表示转折关系的连词有：but, while, yet 等。①but 与 while (但是，然而)：but 主要表示意义的转折或前后两个事实相反，while 则强调对比性。如：It's hard work, but I have done my best.这工作很艰苦，但我已经尽我所能了。This old man is poor while that old woman is rich. 这位老人很贫穷，但那位老妇却很富有。②yet (然而，可是)在表示转折时，可与 and 连用，且连接的两个部分的主语是一致的。如：She failed again, and yet she wasn't discouraged.她又失败了，但她仍未泄气。This room is small, yet very comfortable.这个房间很小，但却非常舒适。 注意：but 与 however (但是，然而)：but 是连词，所表示
的是非常明显的意义转折，其连接部分常常是两个平行对等的
成分；however 是副词，表示承认前面所述的事实，但也指出
了它的不足或与之相反的情况；此外，however 前后常用标点
符号与其他部分隔开。如：The old man is poor, but he is very happy.这位老人很贫穷，不过他却很快乐。The machine is useful.However, it's too noisy. 这台机器很有用，可就是太吵了。 (3)表示选择关系的并列连词有： or ( 或者，否则 ) ，
either...or...(不是……就是……)等。在 either...or...结构中，如果
连接两个主语，谓语动词常与 or 后面的主语在人称和数上保持
一致。如：Are you coming or not？你来还是不来？Either he or I am going to the theatre. 不是他就是我会去剧院。You must tell the truth, or you will be punished. 你必须说实话，不然就会被处罚。(4)表示因果关系的并列连词有：for, so 等。①for 表示“因为”时，用来补充说明或表示推测性的理由。如：The family must have gone, for the door is locked. 这家人一定是离开了，因为门都锁了。She didn't come to school today, for she was ill.她今天没来上学，因为她病了。②so 表示“因此，所以”时，不与 because 同时出现。如：It rained very hard, so the students couldn't catch the early bus.雨下得很大，因此学生们赶不上早班车。＝The students couldn't catch the early bus because it rainedvery hard.学生们赶不上早班车，因为雨下得很大。 2.从属连词：从属连词是用来连接从句的词，从属连词连
接从句时，主要连接宾语从句和状语从句，不会连接定语从句。
常用的从属连词有：if, whether, because, though (although), unless,
while, before, that, so...that..., so that, as if 等。如：I don't know if it will rain tomorrow.我不知道明天会不会下雨。(宾语从句)If it rains tomorrow, I won't climb the hills.如果明天下雨，我就不去爬山。(状语从句)一、不能同时出现在一个句子中的连词1.because (因为)和 so (所以)不能同时出现在一个句子里，只能用其一。如：Because he was tired, he couldn't walk there.＝He was tired, so he couldn't walk there.因为他累了，所以他不能走到那儿。 2.although/though (虽然)和 but (但是)不能同时出现在一个
句子里，只能用其一。但 although/though 和 yet 可以同时出现
在一个句子里(yet 用作副词)。如：Though he was tired, he still worked hard.＝He was tired, but he still worked hard.虽然他很累，但他仍然努力工作。二、and 和 or 用于否定句中的区别 1.当列举成分是主语且在否定词之前时，用 and 连接；当
列举成分在否定词之后时，用 or 构成完全否定。如：
Lucy and Lily can't speak Chinese. 露西和莉莉都不会说汉语。I can't sing or dance.我不会唱歌，也不会跳舞。2.在否定句中，如果所连接的两部分都有否定词，那么用and，而不用 or。如：There is no water and no air on the moon.＝There is no water or air on the moon.月球上没有水，也没有空气。 3.在否定句中，without 之后若有列举成分，则用 and 连接，
构成完全否定；在肯定句中，without 之后的列举成分要用 or
连接才能构成完全否定。如：Man can't live without air and water.人活着不能没有空气和水。＝Man will die without air or water.人没有空气和水就会死。第八节 连词
( )1.(2013年常州，3)He speaks ________ English ________ French.Instead, he speaks German.
A．either; or B．not only; but also C．both; and D．neither; nor
( )2.(2013年连云港，5)I won't watch basketball matches ________ James is playing.He pays much attention to teamwork.
A．unless B．if C．although D．since
( )3.(2013年宿迁，3)Helen didn't know anything about it ________ her father told her.
A．if B．because C．after D．until
( )4.(2013年盐城，14)Learning to write is learning to think.You don't know things clearly ________ you can write them down.
A．unless B．if C．since D．whether
( )5.(2013年莱芜，26)You'd better make a good plan ________ you take a holiday.
A．before B．during C．until D．after
( )6.(2013年日照，31)Don't come into the lab ________ you are asked to.
A．unless B．until C．because D．since
( )7.(2013年梅州，42)Peter likes pop music, but ________ his father ________ his mother likes it.
A．both; and B．not only; but also C．neither; nor D．either; or
( )8.(2013年广东，30)Think it over, ________ you'll work out the math problem.
A．or B．so C．for D．and
( )9.(2014年上海，36)—Would you like to go to the cartoon show with me?
—It sounds like fun, ________ I'm too busy.
A．so B．for C．or D．but
( )10.(2014年广东，30)—Shall we go for a picnic in the forest park tomorrow?
—Yes, ________ it rains heavily.
A．if B．unless C．until D．when
( )1.It's a long time________ we met last time.
A．for B．before C．till D．since
( )2.I was walking along the street________ I heard a cry from behind.
A．when B．before C．since D．if
( )3.________ he is very young, ________ he knows a lot about science.
A．Because; so B．Though; / C．When; but D．Though; and
( )4.His brother has been to Stone Forest twice________ he came to Yunnan.
A．until B．before C．since D．for
( )5.The children pulled the snow in one place________ they could make a snowman.
A．so that B．when C．because D．until
( )6.—I won't go to the party tomorrow.
—________ you told me you would.What's happening?
A．But B．So C．And D．Or
( )7.—You don't look well.What's wrong with you, Wang Ming?
—Last night I watched the football match and didn't go to bed ________ twelve o'clock.
A．when B．until C．as D．while
( )8.Mr.Brown knows little Japanese, ________ he can't understand the instructions on the bottle of the pills.
A．so B．or C．but D．for
( )9.You will be late________ you don't hurry up.
A．after B．when C．unless D．if
( )10.Some people like to play ping-pong, ________ others don't.
A．when B．while C．as D．since
( )11.You can't catch up with a car ________ how fast you run.
A．however B．no matter C．although D．whatever
( )12.—Have you heard of Liu Qian from Taiwan?
—Sure! His magic performance is ________ amazing for people ________ forget.
A．so; that B．such; that C．too; to D．so; to
( )13.—The classroom is ________ clean ________ it was yesterday.
—Sorry, I forgot to clean it.
A．as; as B．so; as C．not so; as D．more; than
( )14.The art club is for members only.You can't go in ________ you are a member.
A．unless B．because C．if D．though
( )15.Don't forget to wash your hands ________ you have meals.
A．until B．before C．when D．while
第八节 连词
真题·体验感悟
1—5 DADAA 6—10 ACDDB
演练·巩固提升
1—5 DABCA 6—10 ABADB 11—15 BCCAB
