课件22张PPT。第九节 动词 动词是表示人和事物的动作或状态的词，具有人称、数、
时态、语态等语法范畴。动词经常充当句子的谓语或谓语的组
成部分。动词可分为助动词、连系动词、情态动词和行为动词
四类。一、 助动词 助动词本身没有词义，不能单独作谓语，只能和实义动词
连用，一起构成谓语，常用于否定句、疑问句，也可用于构成
各种时态和语态。如：He doesn't work in the hospital.他不在医院工作。Will Li Lei come to school this morning？李雷今天早上会来学校吗？Chinese is spoken by a large number of people.大量的人讲汉语。二、连系动词 连系动词本身具有一定的词汇意义，但不能在句子中单独
作谓语，它必须和表语一起构成复合谓语，说明主语的特征、
类属、状态、身份等。连系动词后面的表语绝大多数是形容词，
此外还可以是名词、副词、介词短语、不定式和现在分词等。1.状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有 be 一词。如：
He is a teacher.他是一名教师。They were here a moment ago.刚才他们在这里。2.持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有 keep,remain, stay, lie, stand。如：He always kept silent at the meeting.他开会时总保持沉默。
This matter remains a mystery.此事仍是一个谜。
3.表像系动词用来表示“看起来像”这一概念，主要有 seem, appear, look。如：He seems (to be) very sad.他看起来很伤心。
He looks tired.他看起来很累。4.感官系动词感官系动词主要有 feel, smell, sound, taste。如：
This flower smells very sweet.这朵花闻起来很香。
The food tastes delicious.这食物尝起来味道很好。
5.变化系动词变化系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有 become, grow,turn, fall, get, go, come, run。如：He became mad after that.自那之后，他疯了。She grew rich within a short time.她没多长时间就富了。三、情态动词 情态动词有一定的词汇意义，但不能单独作谓语，只能与
另一个动词一起构成合成谓语。情态动词有四种特征：1.没有人称和数的变化(have to 除外)；
2.其后应接原形动词；3.变为一般疑问句时把其移到句首；
4.变为否定句时在其后加 not。如：Wu Pingping can go there with us.吴萍萍可以跟我们一块去那里。May I go now, Mum？妈，我现在可以去吗？You mustn't play football in the street.It's dangerous.在街上不准踢足球，太危险。四、行为动词 行为动词有自己的词汇意义，并能单独作谓语。它可进一
步分为及物动词和不及物动词；延续性动词和非延续性动词。
1.根据动词本身能不能接宾语，动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。(1)不及物动词本身意义完整，后面不能直接接宾语，如要接宾语，要注意与介词搭配。如：The rain stopped.雨停了。What happened yesterday？昨天发生了什么？
Please look at the blackboard.请看黑板。(2)及物动词后面必须接宾语。有的动词必须接一个宾语，有的必须接两个宾语。如：接单宾语：He's reading a magazine.他正在看一本杂志。
接双宾语：Mr.Zhang teaches us English.张老师教我们英语。
接复合宾语(宾语＋宾语补足语)：We often hear him sing inthe park.我们经常听到他在公园里唱歌。2.根据动作发生过程的长短，实义动词还可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。 (1)延续性动词又称持续性动词，它所表示的是一种持续的
动作。如：learn (学), work (工作), stand (站立), lie (位于), walk
(步行), run (跑), wait (等待), smoke (吸烟), watch (观看), sing (唱
歌), read (读书), sleep (睡觉), live (居住)等。 (2)非延续性动词表示的动作不能延续，即动作发生后立即结
束。此类动词不能与一段时间，for＋一段时间，since..., how long...
等时间状语连用。如：come (来), go (去), leave (离开), arrive (到达),
break (打破), lose (丢失), give (给), join (加入), receive (接收), buy
(买), borrow (借), finish (结束), begin (开始)等。一、used to do sth.和 be used to doing sth. used to do sth.表示“过去常常做某事”；be used to doing
sth.表示“习惯做某事”，to 后的动词用-ing 形式。如：
I used to get up at six in the morning.我过去经常在早上六点起床。I'm used to getting up early.我习惯早起。注意：be used to do sth.表示“被用来做某事”。如：
Pens are used to write.钢笔被用来写字。二、arrive, get 和 reach 表示“到达”arrive in＋大地点，arrive at＋小地点； get to＋地点名词；reach 是及物动词，后面直接跟地点名词。如：When did you arrive in Beijing？你们是何时到北京的？
We arrived at the village at five in the afternoon.我们下午五点到达那个村庄。How do you usually get to school？你通常怎样到学校？When she reached the office, the teacher was having a shortrest.当她到达办公室时，老师正在休息。三、borrow, lend 和 keep borrow (借入)，为非延续性动词，表示主语“借入”某物，
常用短语 borrow sth.from sb.；lend (借出)，为非延续性动词，
表示主语“借出”某物，常用短语 lend sth.to sb.；keep (保存；
借)，为延续性动词，表示“长时间地借”。如：I borrowed a book from the school library yesterday.昨天我从校图书馆借了一本书。Could you lend your pen to me ？你能把你的钢笔借给我吗？How long can we keep the book？我们能借这本书多久？四、dress, put on 和 wear dress 的宾语只能是人，相关搭配有：dress sb.(给某人穿衣
服), dress sb.up (打扮某人); put on (穿上，戴上)，表动作； wear
(穿着，戴着)，表状态，与“be in”同义。如：The boy dressed himself quickly.男孩快速地穿上衣服。
Mother dressed her baby in a red skirt.母亲给婴儿穿上红裙子。
The lady dressed herself up and went to the party.这位女士穿上盛装去参加聚会了。Jim put on his coat and went out.吉姆穿上大衣出去了。
Lily is wearing a red skirt today.莉莉今天穿着一条红裙子。五、see, look, watch 和 read see (看见)，表结果；look (看)，表动作，是不及物动词，
后面须加介词 at 才能接宾语；watch (看比赛，看电视)；read (看
书、报纸)，表示阅读。如：I can see an apple on the tree.我能看到树上有个苹果。Look, there is a kite flying in the sky.看，天上有一只风筝在飞。
Watching TV too much is bad for your health. 看太久电视对你的健康有害。Don't read books in the sun.不要在太阳下看书。六、bring, take, carry 和 fetch bring 意为“带来，拿来”，表示“拿到靠近说话者的地
方”；take 意为“拿去，带走”，表示“拿到远离说话者的地
方”；carry 意为“扛，搬”，表示“移动”，没有方向性；
fetch意为“去取，去拿”，表示往返拿物。如：Remember to bring your homework to school tomorrow.记得明天带作业来学校。Please take the books to the classroom.请把书拿去教室。
The bag is very heavy.Please carry it to my office.这个袋子非常重。请把它搬去我的办公室。Don't worry.I can fetch the key.别担心。我能把钥匙拿回来。七、die, dead, death 和 dying die 意为“死”，是不及物动词，也是非延续性动词；dead
意为“死的”，是形容词，表状态；death 意为“死亡”，是名
词；dying 意为“垂死的，要死的”，是形容词。如：Her grandfather died last year.她的祖父去年死了。Her grandfather has been dead for two years.她的祖父死了两年了。His death was a great loss to China.他的死对中国是一个极大的损失。The poor old man was dying.那个可怜的老人快死了。八、speak, say, talk 和 tell speak 作为及物动词时接表示语言的名词或指在会议上发
言；say 常跟直接引语或间接引语，并且后接说的内容；talk 是
不及物动词，常跟介词 to 或 with，意为“同某人谈话”，也表
示具有说话能力；tell 意为“告诉，讲述”，可与 story 连用，
意为“讲故事”。九、spend, take 和 pay spend 指花费时间或金钱，后接 on sth.或(in) doing sth.；cost
用物作主语，意为“值多少钱”；take 可用固定句型表示花费
时间，其结构为：It＋takes＋sb.＋时间＋to do sth.；pay 与介词
for 连用。十、look for 和 find两个词都有“找”的意思。look for 强调寻找的过程；而 find强调找的结果。十一、listen to 和 hear listen to 和 hear 都有“听”的意思。listen 为不及物动词，
与 to 组成固定搭配，强调听的动作；hear 强调听的结果。十二、hung 和 hanged两个词同为 hang 的过去式和过去分词，hung 意为“悬挂”，而 hanged 意为“绞死”。十三、lose, fail, beat 和 win lose 意为“输给某人”，固定搭配为 lose to sb.；fail 指“失
败”或“未做成某事”；beat 意为“打败”，后接 sb.或某支队
伍；win 意为“赢得”，如赢得荣誉、地位、比赛等。十四、lose, forget 和 leave lose 意为“丢失，失去”；forget 意为“忘记”，表示“忘
记去做某事”用 forget to do sth. ，表示“忘记做了某事”用
forget doing sth. ；“leave sth. ＋地点 ”意为 “ 把某物落在某
处”。十五、think of, think about 和 think over think of 意为“想到……”；think about 意为“考虑”，宾
语 it 或 them 置后；think over 意为“仔细考虑”，宾语 it 或 them
放在中间，一般指考虑问题。
十六、join, take part in 和 attend 三个词都有“参加”的意思。join 一般指加入“党派”或
“组织”，如参军、入党等；take part in 指参加聚会或活动；
attend 一般指出席会议或其他比较正式的场合。十七、turn, get, grow 和 become turn 一般用于表示颜色的变化，如 turn red/yellow；表示天
变黑要用 get 或 grow；表示天气变暖或变冷用 become 或 get；
表示天变长或变短一般用 get。第九节 动词
( )1.(2013年鄂州，32)—There are so many problems.I'm so afraid.
—You should try to ________ your shyness first.You're not a child any more.
A．pick up B．take away C．take off D．get over
( )2.(2013年绵阳，2)—How beautiful the roses are! They ________ so pleasant.
—I'm glad you like them.
A．feel B．smell C．taste D．sound
( )3.(2013年荆州，27)—Mum, I'm tired of doing too much homework every day.
—Oh, dear, without hard work, you can't ________ your dream.
A．choose B．encourage C．manage D．achieve
( )4.(2013年随州，35)—Which hobby do you think ________ the least time?
—Collecting stamps.
A．takes up B．puts up C．gives up D．makes up
( )5.(2013年咸宁，28)—The fire was finally ________ in Jilin Province on June 3.Unfortunately, 119 people lost their lives.
—l hope the accident like this won't happen again.
A．put down B．put away C．put out D．put up
( )6.(2013年襄阳，38)—Driving less, walking more is good for our health.
—So I'd rather ________ an hour's walk to work than consider ________ a car.
A．take; drive B．take; to drive C．take; driving D．taking; driving
( )7.(2013年梅州，36)My uncle is repairing some old bikes these days.He plans to ________ to charity.
A．give them away B．give them up C．take them away D．pick them up
( )8.(2013年广东，34)Again and again the doctor ________ the crying baby girl, but he couldn't find out what was wrong with her.
A．looked over B．looked after C．looked for D．looked out
( )9.(2014年广州，22)—Do you want to eat here?
—No.Just fish and chips to ________， please.
A．get away B．take away C．send away D．throw away
( )10.(2014年广东，34)—I will miss my family when I go abroad for further study this autumn.
—Don't worry.You can ________ them by e-mail.
A．come up with B．get along with
C．make friends with D．keep in touch with
( )1.—What a day! It's raining again.I'm afraid we can't fly a kite.
—Don't worry.It won't ________ long.
A．live B．last C．wait D．go
( )2.—I hear the weather will ________ cold for another week.
—I hope not.I hate cold weather.
A．turn B．last C．get D．stay
( )3.—Sorry, I ________ my homework at home.
—That's all right.Don't forget ________ it to school this afternoon.
A．forget; to take B．forget; to bring C．left; to take D．left; to bring
( )4.He doesn't feel like ________ anything today.
A．to eat B．eating C．eat D．eats
( )5.—Mrs.Zhang, how long may I ________ the book?
—For two days.
A．borrow B．lend C．keep D．kept
( )6.—When did China ________ Shenzhou VII, do you remember?
—In September, 2008.The astronaut Zhai Zhigang took the Chinese first spacewalk.
A．send up B．send out C．put up D．put out
( )7.—I thought you had ________ English.
—No.It has been useful in my work.
A．studied B．dropped C．failed D．passed
( )8.Don't ________ the people in trouble.Try to help them.
A．hear of B．go over C．laugh at D．look like
( )9.Yang Fen ________ every Saturday afternoon volunteering in an old people's home.
A．costs B．takes C．pays D．spends
( )10.—Do you like the song You and Me?
—Of course! It ________ really beautiful.
A．listens B．sounds C．thinks D．hears
( )11.If I were a teacher, I would allow my students to ________ by themselves.
A．make a living B．make decisions
C．make much noise D．make mistakes
( )12.—Look at the sun! It's too hot today.
—Yes.Why not ________ your coat?
A．take off B．take away C．take out D．take up
( )13.There is going to ________ a basketball match this evening.
A．have B．has C．is D．be
( )14.—When ________ they going to leave?
—In a week.
A．is B．are C．were D．will be
( )15.You'd better ________ your hair ________ twice a month.
A．had; cut B．have; cutted C．had; cutted D．have; cut
第九节 动词
真题·体验感悟
1—5 DBDAC 6—10 CAABD
演练·巩固提升
1—5 BDDBC 6—10 ABCDB 11—15 BADBD
