课件25张PPT。第十二节动词的语态 英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示
主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即
行为动作的对象。 被动语态是中考英语的一个考查热点。纵观历年中考，被
动语态的考点主要在：被动语态的构成、被动语态的时态、含
有情态动词的被动语态、短语动词的被动语态。一、 主动语态变被动语态的方法 主动语态变为被动语态的方法可巧记为：先找原句主、谓、
宾，宾作主来主变宾，谓变be done时不变，注意数、格抄其余。 首先，确定主动语态句子的主语、谓语和宾语，再将主动
语态的宾语用作被动语态的主语，主动语态的主语用作被动语
态中介词 by 的宾语( 没有必要说出动作的执行者时可省去
“by＋宾语”)；其次，主动语态的谓语动词要变成“be＋过去
分词”，但时态不能改变，变化时还得注意“数”(助动词要与
新的主语保持单、复数的一致)和“格”(若主语和宾语是人称
代词，“宾作主”时宾格要变成主格，“主变宾”主格要变成宾格)；最后，时间状语、地点状语等“其余”部分照抄下来就
可以了。如：They make the bikes in the factory.→The bikes are made bythem in the factory.He cut down a tree.→A tree was cut down by him.She must do this work at once.→This work must be done (byher) at once.二、各种时态中的被动语态1.一般现在时的被动语态：主语＋am/is/are＋过去分词＋其他。如：Football is played all over the world.全世界都踢足球。
2.一般过去时的被动语态：主语＋was/were＋过去分词＋其他。如：That novel was written by Luxun.那部小说是鲁迅写的。3.一般将来时的被动语态：主语＋will＋be＋过去分词＋其他/主语＋be going to＋be＋过去分词＋其他。如：
The work will be finished tomorrow.工作将于明天完成。
Our problem is going to be discussed at the next meeting.我们的问题将在下次会议中讨论。4.现在进行时的被动语态：主语＋am/is/are＋being＋过去分词＋其他。如：A road is being built around the mountain.一条公路正沿山而建。5.现在完成时的被动语态：主语＋have/has＋been＋过去分词＋其他。如：This book has been translated into many foreign languages.这本书已经被译成多种外语。6.过去进行时的被动语态：主语＋was/were＋being＋过去分词＋其他。如：The meeting was being held when I was there.我在那儿时，会议正在举行。7.过去完成时的被动语态：主语＋had＋been＋过去分词＋其他。如：A new school had been set up by the end of last year. 去年底一所新学校已被建成。8.含有情态动词的被动语态：主语＋情态动词＋be＋过去分词＋其他。如：Your homework must be finished today.今天你的作业必须被完成。三、被动语态的用法1.当不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁时，一般使用被动语态。如：Some new computers were stolen last night.一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)This bridge was built in 1981.这座桥建于 1981 年。2.当强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者时，一般使用被动语态。如：The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。This watch can be repaired in two days.这块表两天内可以修好。四、双宾语的被动语态 含有双宾语的主动语态的句子(主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋
直接宾语)变被动语态时，常常把前面那个指人的间接宾语用作
被动语态的主语，也可以把后面那个指物的直接宾语用作被动
语态的主语，但此时须在间接宾语前加上介词 to 或 for 。
I gave her a watch as a birthday present.我给她一块手表作为生日礼物。→She was given a watch as a birthday present by me.
→A watch was given to her as a birthday present by me.五、短语动词的被动语态通常只有及物动词(vt.)才有被动语态，不及物动词(vi.)不能用于被动语态，但有些“动词＋介词或副词”构成的短语动词
相当于一个及物动词，其后可接宾语，因此它们也有被动语态。
短语动词被看成一个整体，是固定词组，所以构成被动语态时
不可分开，也不可丢掉短语动词后的介词或副词。如：
He will be operated on by the best surgeon. 他将由最好的外科医生给他动手术。Women were looked down upon in the past.妇女过去受到歧视。
The old men must be taken good care of. 这些老人必须得到很好的照料。六、复合宾语的被动语态 1. 若主动语态的句子为“主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足
语”这种复合宾语结构，变被动语态时要将主动语态的宾语变
为被动语态的主语，而宾语补足语不变。如：We made him our monitor of our class.我们选他做我们班的班长。→ He was made our monitor of our class.他被选为我们班的班长。You must keep this room clean and tidy.你必须保持这个房间干净整洁。→ This room must be kept clean and tidy.这个房间必须被保持干净整洁。They asked Mike to write soon.他们要求迈克尽快写信。
→ Mike was asked to write soon.迈克被要求尽快写信。 2.在感官动词 see, watch, notice, look at, hear, listen to, feel
及使役动词 let, make, have 等后，用作宾语补足语的动词不定
式不带 to。但当这些动词用于被动语态，不定式作主语补足语
时，不定式必须带 to。如：Someone saw him swim in the river just now. 有人看到他刚才在河里游泳。→He was seen to swim in the river just now.他被人看到刚才在河里游泳。I often hear Xiao Lin sing the English song.我经常听到小林唱那首英语歌。→Xiao Lin is often heard to sing the English song. 小林经常被人听到唱那首英语歌。七、主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况 1. 句子的谓语动词为 come, become, fall, go, die, happen,
arrive, appear, take place, break out 等不及物动词和词组时。如：
The American Civil War broke out in 1861. 美国内战爆发于1861 年。The story happened last year.这个故事发生在去年。Great changes have taken place in my hometown.我家乡发生了巨大变化。2.句子的谓语动词是连系动词(look, smell, sound, feel, taste)或不及物动词时。 如：The flowers look beautiful.这些鲜花看起来很美丽。
The roses smell sweet.这些玫瑰闻起来很香。The music sounds very beautiful.这首曲子听起来很美妙。
The cloth feels soft.这块布摸起来很软。
The medicine tastes bitter.这药尝起来很苦。
The door blew open.门吹开了。Sheep feed chiefly on grass.羊主要以草为食。 3.有些常用作及物动词的词，在强调主语的特点、特征及
性质时常用主动形式表达被动意义，一般可以与 well, easily 等
副词连用，这类词有 write, sell, read, wash, wear, cut 等。如：Some silks wash well.有些绸布很好洗。The pen writes smoothly.这笔写起来很流畅。
The poem reads fluently.这诗读起来很流利。
The paper tears easily.这纸容易撕开。
The book sells well.这本书销路很好。
The knife cuts well.这把小刀锋利好用。4.某些动词(词组)中，用动词-ing 形式作宾语，表示被动含义，如 need, be worth 等。如：The radio needs repairing/to be repaired.这个收音机需要修。
The Great Wall is worth seeing.长城值得一看。一、主动结构表被动意义 1.open, lock, write, read, sell, clean, wash, cut, burn, drive 等
词作不及物动词时，它们的主语为物，可用主动语态表被动意
义。如：This kind of pen writes very smoothly.这种钢笔写起来很流畅。This kind of shirt sells well here.这种样式的衬衫在这卖得很好。2.look, sound, taste, smell 等系动词用主动结构表被动意义。如：Uniforms look ugly on us.我们穿着制服很难看。
Mooncakes taste delicious.月饼尝起来很好吃。
3.在 be worth doing 中，doing 表被动意义。如：
This book is worth reading.这本书值得读一读。 4.“want, need, require ＋ doing” 相 当 于 “want, need,
require＋to be done”。to be done 表示不定式的被动结构。如：
My bike needs repairing.＝My bike needs to be repaired.我的自行车需要修理。二、不用被动语态的情况1.主动句的宾语是 each other 或反身代词时，不能用被动语态。如：那个人自我介绍说他是怀特先生。(√)The man introduced himself as Mr.White.(主动语态)
(×)Himself was introduced as Mr.White.
他们互相帮助学习英语。(√)They help each other study English.(主动语态)
(×)Each other is helped study English.2.当主动句的谓语动词是表状态的及物动词时，不能用被动语态。如：我们将要开一个会。(√)We will have a meeting.(主动语态)
(×)A meeting will be had by us.3.主动句的宾语是不定式或动名词时，不能用作被动语态中的主语。如：我弟弟喜欢看电视。(√)My brother enjoys watching TV.(主动语态)
(×)Watching TV is enjoyed by my brother.
他请求试一试。(√)He asked to have a try.(主动语态)
(×)To have a try was asked.三、被动语态和系表结构1.被动语态表示以主语为动作的承受者，而系表结构则表示主语的特点或所处的状态。如：The shop is closed at 9：00 p.m.(动作)这家商店晚上 9 点钟关门。The shop is closed today.(状态)这家商店今天不开门。
2.系表结构中的过去分词常有固定的介词搭配，被动语态结构中则没有。如：Miss Wang is satisfied with us.(系表结构)王老师对我们很满意。3.系表结构中的过去分词可以被副词修饰。如：She's so worried about her exams.(系表结构) 她非常担心她的考试。4.系表结构通常只有一般现在时和一般过去时，而被动语态结构则可用于多种时态。第十二节 动词的语态
( )1.(2013年铜仁，27)—Our classroom is so clean.
—It ________ every day.
A．is cleaned B．was cleaned C．cleans D．cleaned
( )2.(2013年三亚，26)Many comic books ________ into cartoons in the past 40 years.
A．make B．are made
C．have make D．have been made
( )3.(2013年咸宁，30)From May 6, pedestrians (行人) ________ 10 yuan if they run red lights, according to Beijing traffic authorities.
A．will fine B．were fined C．are fine D．will be fined
( )4.(2013年连云港，9)—Clark, your room is really in a mess.It needs ________.
—Sorry, mum.I'll do it at once.
A．clean B．cleaned C．to clean D．to be cleaned
( )5.(2013年襄阳，39)—Don't you see the sign “No Parking！” on the right?
—Sorry, I didn't.But now I know parking ________ here.
A．wasn't allowed B．isn't allowed C．won't allow D．doesn't allow
( )6.(2013年金华，28)Each year quite a lot of food ________ around the world.It's really time for us to do something.
A．was wasted B．is wasted C．wasted D．will be wasted
( )7.(2013年无锡，9)Don't throw away the waste paper.It needs ________ so that it can be reused.
A．to destroy B．destroying C．to collect D．collecting
( )8.(2013年梅州，43)The child without parents ________ good care of by his teachers in this special school.
A．is taken B．are taken C．take D．takes
( )9.(2014年广州，19)He is very surprised that all the houses in the village ________ white.
A．paint B．painted C．are painting D．are painted
( )10.(2014年北京，31)A new hospital ________ in my town next year.
A．builds B．built C．is built D．will be built
( )1.It is reported that more new teaching buildings________ in our school next term.
A．was built B．has built C．will be built D．will build
( )2.—Would you like to go to the movie with me?
—Sorry, I ________ to go out tonight.
A．won't be allowed B．am allowed C．don't allow D．will allow
( )3.The question ________ at their class meeting now.
A．is discussed B．discussed
C．is being discussed D．being discussed
( )4.China's sport stars Yao Ming and Liu Xiang ________ Goodwill Ambassadors (亲善大使) for Shanghai.
A．has been named B．have been named C．has named D．have named
( )5.This kind of book ________ well.They ________ already.
A．sell; sells B．are sold; are sold out
C．sells; have been sold out D．is sold; are sold out
( )6.The new house ________ at the corner of the road when I came to this city.
A．is building B．was being built C．been built D．were built
( )7.The film ________ for five minutes by the end we got to the cinema.
A．had begun B．has begun C．had been on D．had started
( )8.Today the forests have almost gone.People must ________ down too many trees.
A．stop from cutting B．stop to cut
C．be stopped from cutting D．be stopped to cut
( )9.Waste paper ________ everywhere.It's our duty to keep our city clean.
A．shouldn't throw B．is thrown
C．must be thrown D．shouldn't be thrown
( )10.The old man and the children________ in our country.
A．must take good care B．must be take good care of
C．must take good care of D．must be taken good care of
( )11.The book you gave me yesterday ________.
A．are worth reading B．is worth to read
C．is worth reading D．is worth being read
( )12.He ________ in the classroom just now.He ________ be there now.
A．heard to sing; may B．was heard sing; must
C．heard sing; must D．was heard to sing; may
( )13.What ________ over there? Let's go and have a look.
A．is being happened B．is happened C．is happening D．happens
( )14.The flowers near the road ________.
A．need to water B．are needed to water
C．need to watered D．need watering
( )15.—Do you like this kind of paper?
—Yes, it ________ very nice.
A．is felt B．felt C．is being felt D．feels
第十二节 动词的语态
真题·体验感悟
1—5 ADDDB 6—10 BDADD
演练·巩固提升
1—5 CACBC 6—10 BCCDD 11—15 CDCDD
