课件35张PPT。第十三节非谓语动词基本含义及用法 非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(包括现在分词
和过去分词)。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含
义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中作宾语、宾语补足
语、主语、表语、定语、状语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来
区分其用法和细微含义。(一)作宾语和宾语补足语(续表)(二)作主语、表语、定语和状语(续表)动词不定式的用法 动词不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能单独作谓语。
但动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，在句中可用作
主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语和表语。动词不定式的
肯定形式是 to do；否定形式是 not to do。如：Tell your brother not to play near the lake.It's not safe.叫你弟弟不要在湖边玩，不安全。一、 不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，句子的谓语动词常用单数，其位置有以下两种形式：1.把不定式置于句首。如：To get there by bike will take us half an hour.骑自行车去那儿将会花费我们半个小时。To do the work well is not easy.要做好这项工作不容易。
To say something is one thing, to do it is another.说是一件事，做是另一件。2.把不定式后置，常用 it 作形式主语，把真正的主语不定式置于句后。常用于下列句式中。(1)It is＋名词＋to do sth.。如：It's our duty to keep our environment clean and tidy.保持环境干净整洁是我们的责任。It's a pleasant way to keep our city clean.这是保持我们城市洁净的一个好方法。(2)It takes sb.some time to do sth.。如：It took me about three hours to finish my homework yesterday.昨天完成作业花了我三个小时左右。It takes him half an hour to get to school by bike.骑自行车上学花了他半个小时。(3)It is＋形容词＋for sb.＋to do.(形容词修饰事物)。如：
It's very difficult for me to learn maths. 对我来说学数学很难。It's very necessary for us to learn a foreign language.对我们来说，学习一门外语是很必要的。 (4)It＋be＋形容词＋of sb.＋to do.(形容词描述人的性格、品
质等，如 kind, nice, clever, polite, wise, rude 等)。如：It's nice of you to say so.你这样说真好。It's kind of you to help me with my English.帮我学习英语，你真好。二、不定式作宾语1.作及物动词的宾语。只能跟不定式作宾语的动词有：hope,want, would like, decide, wish, choose, agree, ask, expect, fail, help,learn, offer, plan, pretend, promise, refuse 等。如：I hope to see him as soon as possible.我希望尽快见到他。
I decided to ask for my money back.我决定去要回我的钱。 2.当动词不定式作宾语时，如果后面还要接宾语补足语，
则常用 it 作形式宾语，而把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语之后，
其句型为“主语＋谓语＋it＋宾语补足语＋动词不定式”。如：
He feels it his duty to help the poor.他感到帮助穷人是他的责任。All of us found it difficult to work out the maths problem.我们都发现解答这题数学有困难。We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign languagewell.我们认为学好一门外语对我们来说很重要。三、不定式作宾语补足语 一些及物动词除要求接宾语外，有时还需要有宾语补足语，
说明宾语的行为、状态、特征，这时意思才相对完整。
1. 常用不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：allow, ask, advise,invite, encourage, expect, get, order, teach, tell, want, warn, wish,would like 等，常用于句式“v.＋sb.＋to do sth.”。如：
Would you like me to give your regards to Mary ？你要我向玛丽传达你的问候吗？I want you to understand the whole passage clearly.我想要你清楚地理解这整篇文章。2.感官动词和使役动词后用作宾语补足语的不定式须省略to。如：I didn't hear anyone say anything about it.我没听过任何人说起有关它的任何事。Do you let me swim in the river, Mum？妈妈，你允许我在河里游泳吗？ 上述感官动词及使役动词可归纳为：一感(feel)，二听(listen
to, hear)，三让(let, have, make)，四看(look at, see, watch, notice)。3.help 后面的“to”可有可无。如：Would you please help me (to) fill in the tax form？你能帮我填一下纳税申请表吗？Peter often helps his mother (to) do the housework.彼得经常帮妈妈做家务。四、不定式作定语 不定式作定语时，与其所修饰的名词有动宾关系。若动词
不定式中的动词是不及物动词，还需加上必要的介词，构成及
物动词短语。不定式在句中作定语，置于被修饰的名词或代词
之后。如：Our headmaster is always the first one to come to school andthe last one to leave.我们的校长总是第一个到校，最后一个离校。
The doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy.医生说他无法帮助这个男孩。1.表示将来的动作。如：The next train to arrive is from Washington.下一趟到达的列车来自华盛顿。2.与被修饰词之间有动宾关系，如是不及物动词，则需加介词。如：I'm going to rent a room to live in.我打算租间房居住。
Would you please give me some paper to write on？你能给我一些纸写写吗？五、不定式作状语1.不定式作目的状语。如：I stayed there to see what would happen. 我待在那儿看看会发生什么。Henry has decided to go to the hospital to be examined by thedoctor.亨利已经决定去医院让医生检查检查。Bob took down my telephone number so as (in order) not toforget it.鲍勃写下了我的电话号码，以防忘记。2.不定式作结果状语。如：We came home after our holiday to find our garden neat andtidy.假期后我们回到家，发现花园干净整洁。
不定式作结果状语还常用在下列句式中。如：
(1)so...as to 或 such...as to。如：I'm not so stupid (such a stupid fool) as to put it in writing.我不至于愚蠢到会把它写下来。(2)enough...to。如：The speed is high enough for us to catch up with the first liner.速度够快让我们赶上首趟航班。(3)too...to。如：Joan's mother was too angry to say a word. 琼的母亲太生气而说不出话。My brother is too young to go to school.我弟弟太小而不能去上学。六、不定式作表语 不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作。当主语是 duty,
wish, idea, plan, job, dream 等词时，作表语的动词常用不定式，
以说明主语的内容。如：To see is to believe.眼见为实。Your job is to clean the classroom.你的工作是打扫教室。
Our plan is to finish the work in a month.我们计划在一个月内完成这项工作。七、“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构“疑问代( 副) 词＋动词不定式”结构在句子中可用作宾语、主语和表语，还可用于双重宾语。如：Mr.Smith didn't know whether to leave or stay there.史密斯先生不知道是去是留。(作宾语)How to do it well is still a question.怎样做好它仍是个问题。(作主语)The question is where to find the keys.问题是去哪儿找钥匙。(作表语)I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well.我问徐教授怎样学好英语。(用于双重宾语)一、动词后接不定式和动名词Stop to think about it for a moment.停下来想一会儿。
Stop talking, please.请不要说话。Please remember to post my letter.请记得把我的信寄出去。
I remember posting your letter.我记得把你的信寄出去了。I forgot to bring my homework.我忘记带作业了。
I forgot bringing my homework.我忘记已把作业带来了。Please try to do better next time.下次请设法做得更好些。
He tried speaking English to us.他试着用英语和我们谈话。 Go on to do the other exercises after you finish this one. 做完
这个练习题后，接着做其他的。
Go on doing the exercises after a short rest. 休息一会儿之后
继续做练习。 We don't allow students to go out on school days.上学时，我
们不许学生外出。
We don't allow smoking here.我们不许在此吸烟。 I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice.我很遗憾必须
这样做，我实在没有办法。
I don't regret telling her what I thought.我不为告诉她我的想
法而后悔。 I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to.我想去，但
我父亲不肯让我去。
Doing that means wasting time.那样做意味着浪费时间。二、现在分词和动词不定式作宾语补足语 我们常见的动词有 see, watch, notice, hear, feel, have 等，它
们接不带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语，表示已经完成了的或经常
性的动作；接现在分词作宾语补足语，表示动作正在进行着。
如：I heard him sing in the classroom.我听到他在教室里唱歌了。(“唱”这个动作已经结束)I heard him singing in the classroom.我听到他正在教室里唱歌。(“唱”这个动作正在进行)三、need, require, want 后跟不定式和动名词当 need, require, want 作“需要”理解时，后加动名词的主动式等于加不定式的被动式。如：The window needs cleaning. ＝The window needs to be cleaned.那个窗户需要被清洗。四、现在分词与过去分词1.在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义。如：the surprising news 令人惊讶的消息
a surprised man 一个感到惊讶的人
a moving film 一场感人的电影
the moved people 被感动的人们2.在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已经完成的动作。如：the developing country 发展中国家
the developed country 发达国家
the rising sun 正在升起的太阳
the risen sun 升起来的太阳五、注意含有介词 to 的固定短语 在初中阶段的英语学习中学生常常会遇到含有介词的短
语，而其中有些短语中所含的介词为 to，它后面需要接名词、
代词或动词-ing 形式，学生们很容易将这种情况与不定式符号
to 后接动词原形的情况混淆。1.make (a) contribution(s) to 为……作贡献。如：The scientist has made a great contribution to developing newtechnology.这个科学家为发展新技术作出了巨大的贡献。2.devote to 献身，致力于……。如：He has devoted his life to helping disabled people. 他一生献身于帮助残疾人。3.look forward to 期盼，盼望。如：We are so much looking forward to seeing you again. 我们非常盼望再见到你。4.prefer...to...两者间更喜欢……。如：I prefer walking to cycling.我愿意步行，而不愿意骑自行车。
5.be used to...习惯……；适应……。如：She is quite used to working hard.她很习惯努力工作。 六、易混句式have sb.do sth., have sb.doing sth.和have sth.done
1.have sb.do sth.意为“让某人做某事”，have 可以用 let,
make 代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具体动作，且强调动作已
经完成或尚未发生。如：The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father.士兵们让这个男孩背对他的父亲站着。 2.have sb./sth.doing sth.意为“让某人/物做某事”，have 可
以用 keep 代替，现在分词(doing)表示这个动作往往具有持续、
进行的含义。如：The two men had their lights burning all night long.那两个人让灯通宵亮着。 3.have sth.done 意为“叫别人做某事”，即 ask sb.else to do
sth.。过去分词(done)表示这个动作由他人(即非主语本身)来完
成，含有被动意义且强调动作已经完成。如：The driver had his car washed once a week.那位司机每周叫人洗一次车。第十三节 非谓语动词
( )1.(2013年衢州，28)Many children are left alone in the countryside.Let's try our best ________ them.
A．help B．helping C．to help D．helps
( )2.(2013年杭州，21)She's not strong enough ________ walking up mountains.
A．to go B．going C．go D．went
( )3.(2013年柳州，33)Who are you going to have ________ the library?
A．to design B．design C．designed
( )4.(2013年绵阳，16)—Sally, stop ________ TV! It's time to go to bed.
—OK, Mum.
A．watch B．to watch C．watching D．watched
( )5.(2013年天津，30)He promised ________ his old friend during his stay in Tianjin.
A．see B．seeing C．saw D．to see
( )6.(2013年桂林，38)I often see our monitor________ our classroom.
A．cleaned B．to clean C．cleaning D．clean
( )7.(2013年江西，38)Lucy is shy.She would not invite her classmates ________ dancing with her.
A．practice B．practices C．practicing D．to practice
( )8.(2014年北京，29)My parents always tell me ________ more vegetables and fruit.
A．eat B．eating C．eats D．to eat
( )9.(2014年佛山，31)A British high school is going to allow students ________ lessons in the afternoon.
A．start B．starting C．to start
( )10.(2014年上海，43)I wouldn't mind ________ a roommate.We can help each other and save money as well.
A．having B．to have C．have D．had
( )1.—Why are you so excited today?
—We were told ________ a picnic this weekend.
A．have B．to have C．having D．had
( )2.One of the difficulties we have ________ English is how to remember new words and expressions.
A．to learn B．in learning C．learn D．learned
( )3.—What would you like for breakfast?
—I don't feel like ________.
A．to eat something B．eating nothing C．to eat anything D．eating anything
( )4.My pen pal Andrew found it difficult ________ Chinese well.
A．learning B．learn C．to learn D．learned
( )5.As teenagers, we're old enough ________ with housework.We can help set the table, wash the dishes and clean our own rooms.
A．to help B．helping C．helped D．help
( )6.Lisa is a little poor at Chinese.I think she needs ________ it every day.
A．practice to speak B．to practice speaking
C．practice speaking D．practicing speaking
( )7.At least 300 million people are using QQ ________ by Ma Huateng to chat on line.
A．create B．creates C．creating D．created
( )8.—How would your family like to travel?
—It's a problem in my family.Mother prefers to take a bus to travel, while father sticks ________ to travel.
A．to drive B．to driving C．driving D．drive
( )9.What way can you think of ________ the mice in the room?
A．how to kill B．to kill C．killing D．killed
( )10.It was such a funny show that people couldn't help ________ again and again.
A．laugh B．to laugh C．laughing D．laughed
( )11.While we were running on the playground, Jack suddenly stopped ________ and lay on the ground, so we all stopped ________ what was wrong with him.
A．to run; to see B．running; seeing C．running; to see D．to run; seeing
( )12.When I went into the room, I found ________ in bed.
A．him lying B．he lying C．he lies D．him was lying
( )13.The young man used to ________ to work, but he is used to ________ to work now.
A．drive; walking B．drove; walked C．drive; walks D．driving; walk
( )14.Some parents prefer ________ the wall blue for their children ________ them a feeling of harmony.
A．to paint; to give B．painting; giving
C．to paint; giving D．painting; to give
( )15.The woman ________ a red T-shirt is Mrs.Brown.
A．wears B．wearing C．worn D．wore
第十三节 非谓语动词
真题·体验感悟
1—5 CABCD 6—10 DDDCA
演练·巩固提升
1—5 BBDCA 6—10 BDBBC 11—15 CAAAB
