课件16张PPT。第十四节 简单句的五种基本句型 句子按照句子结构分类，可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。
句子的直接成分是主语和谓语。构成主语的名词词组在结
构上比较统一，而构成谓语的动词词组在结构上却变化多样，
有时可以由谓语动词独立充当谓语(不及物动词 vi.)，有时谓语
动词须带宾语或表语(及物动词 vt.)。谓语动词的类别决定着不
同的谓语结构，而不同的谓语结构又决定着不同的句型。一、句型：主语＋谓语(S＋V)
1.主语＋谓语(vi.)。如：The workers are working.工人们在工作。
They are running.他们在跑步。
2.主语＋谓语(vi.)＋状语。如：
She writes carefully.她仔细地写。The students are playing under the tree. 学生们正在树下玩耍。二、句型：主语＋谓语＋宾语(S＋V＋O)句型中的谓语动词为及物动词，其后常跟名词、代词、动词-ing 形式或动词不定式等。如：We read English every morning.我们每天早晨读英语。
I finished reading the magazine.我看完了这本杂志。
They wanted to have a rest.他们想歇息一会儿。三、句型：主语＋连系动词＋表语(S＋V＋P) 连系动词本身具有一定的词汇意义，但不能在句中单独作
谓语，它必须和表语一起构成复合谓语，说明主语的特征、类
属、状态、身份等。 1.表示判断的连系动词：be (am, are, is, was, were)，后接形
容词、数词、副词、名词、介词短语等作表语。如：They are English teachers.他们是英语教师。
My book is on the desk.我的书在桌子上。2.表示保持和持续的连系动词：keep, stay, lie, remain 等。如：Doing exercise can keep healthy.锻炼可以保持健康。
The weather stayed fine for three days.好天气持续了三天。
3.表示变化的连系动词：become, get, grow, go, turn, fall 等。如：The trees turn green in spring.树木在春天变绿。Mother is getting weaker and weaker.母亲的身体变得越来越虚弱了。4.表示感觉的连系动词：feel, smell, sound, taste, look 等。如：The garden smells pleasant.这座花园香气怡人。
Silk feels soft and smooth.丝绸摸起来又软又滑。The girl looks very beautiful.那个姑娘看上去非常漂亮。
Your sentence doesn't sound right.你的句子听起来不对。
This soup tastes delicious.这汤味道不错。四、句型：主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语(S＋V＋InO＋DO) 句型中的谓语动词为及物动词，其后接双宾语，指人的宾
语叫间接宾语，指物的宾语叫直接宾语，合称为双宾语。通常
情况下间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后。如：
I lent him my bicycle.我把自行车借给他了。He told me a story yesterday.他昨天给我讲了个故事。
有时也可把间接宾语置于直接宾语后，此时间接宾语前需加介词 to 或 for 。 1.与介词 for 连用。用介词 for 表示动作为谁而做，适合这
种句型的动词一般无明显指向性，主要有：buy, make, cook, get,
choose, sing, find, name, think, order 等。如： My mother bought one beautiful birthday present for me. ＝
My mother bought me a beautiful birthday present. 我妈妈买了一
件漂亮的生日礼物给我。 2.与介词 to 连用。用介词 to 表示动作对谁而做 ，适合这
种句型的动词有明显的指向性，主要有：give, lend, take, return,send, pass, show, offer, hand, tell, pay, throw, promise, fetch, paint
等。如：I'll return the book to you tomorrow.明天我将还书给你。
Give the CDs to me, Chen Feng.陈丰，把 CD 唱片给我。
Could you show us your dictionary？＝Could you show yourdictionary to us？你能把你的字典给我们看吗？ 五、句型：主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语(S＋V＋O＋C)
有些及物动词接宾语后还需要一个词或短语来说明宾语的
身份或状态，以补充其意义上的不足，这个词或短语叫作宾语
补足语，宾语和宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。宾语补足语常
用名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、动词-ing 形
式等来表示。1.名词作宾语补足语。如：We chose him our monitor.我们选他当班长。
They called him James.他们叫他詹姆斯。 注意：当名词作宾语补足语时，可能会跟双宾语中的直接
宾语混淆。究竟“动词＋宾语”后面跟着的是直接宾语还是宾
语补足语？可由前面的宾语与其关系来判断：若宾语与其后的
部分不存在逻辑上的主谓关系，则该动词后跟的是双宾语；若
宾语和其后的部分有逻辑上的主谓关系，则该动词后跟的是复
合宾语。试比较： Mother will cook us something English this evening. 妈妈今
晚将为我们做些英国食物。(us 和 something 不存在主谓关系，
此句为双宾语结构)We call that boy Tom.我们叫那个男孩汤姆。(that boy 和Tom存在主谓关系，故此句为复合宾语结构)2.形容词、副词、介词短语作宾语补足语。如：We will keep the table clean.我们将保持桌面干净。(形容词作宾补)We found her out.我们发现她走了。(副词作宾补)We saw everything there in good order.我们看到那里的东西井井有条。(介词短语作宾补)3.动词不定式作宾语补足语(1) 后面一般跟不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask, get,order, tell, want, wish, allow 等。如：Our teacher told us to come early tomorrow.我们的老师叫我们明天早点来。The policeman asked the boys not to play football in the street.警察叫男孩们不要在街道上踢球。 (2)后面一般跟不带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：
四“看”：see, watch, look at, notice; 三“使”：let, have, make;
二“听”：hear, listen to; 一“感”：feel 等。如：
Did you see him come in？你看见他进来了吗？Did you notice the thief enter the house？你注意到小偷进了屋吗？Mr.Wang often listens to us talk.王老师常常听我们交谈。4.可接动词-ing 形式作宾语补足语的动词有：feel, hear, see,watch, keep, find 等。如：He heard somebody opening the door.他听见有人在开门。
We found an old man lying on the ground.我们发现一位老人躺在地上。 简单句的五种基本句型口诀：英语句子万万千， 五种句型
把线牵。一种简单主谓型， 二种基本主谓宾，三种常见主系表，
四种主谓加双宾，五种主谓宾补型，各种句型记心中。第十四节 简单句的五种基本句型
( )1.The flowers smell ________.
A．nicely B．sweets C．sweetly D．sweet
( )2.She couldn't ________ her words ________ by the students.
A．get; understanding B．get; understood
C．make; to understand D．make; understand
( )3.—How did your parents like your idea?
—They always let me ________ what I think is right.
A．to do B．do C．doing D．did
( )4.—Is Jack in the library?
—Maybe.I saw him ________ out with some books just now.
A．going B．go C．to go D．went
( )5.—________ you ________ to the radio?
—No, you can turn it off.
A．Did; listen B．Have; listened C．Do; listen D．Are; listening
( )6.—Hello! May I speak to Billy?
—Hello! ________ Billy speaking.
A．I'm B．This is C．That's D．Its
( )7.We ________ many trees in and around our school and they are now ________ very well.
A．grew; growing B．grew; planting
C．planted; planting D．planted; growing
( )8.We found a beautiful purse ________ in the sidewalk.
A．lay B．lying C．to lie D．lie
( )9.My father ________ a new computer ________ me as a birthday present.
A．buy; to B．bought; to C．bought; for D．buy; for
( )10.We find ________ impossible to work out the problem by ________.
A．that; ourselves B．it; ourselves C．it; myself D．its; itself
句型归类 根据简单句的五种基本句型，将下列句子分类，并把它前面的字母编号填在题前的括号里。
( )11.You should keep your bedroom clean and tidy.
( )12.James gave me some adivce the day before yesterday.
( )13.It rained hard last night.
( )14.I have finished my homework.
( )15.Li Lei showed me his new watch just now.
( )16.My mother asked me to take out the trash.
( )17.The train has gone.
( )18.Your mother looks so young.
( )19.I bought a new car yesterday.
( )20.Slowly, he got angry.
第十四节 简单句的五种基本句型
演练·巩固提升
1—5 DBBBD 6—10 BDBCB 11—15 EDABD
16—20 EACBC
