课件18张PPT。第十五节句子的种类句子的种类可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
一、 陈述句 1.凡是说明一件事情，提出一个看法，或者表达一种心情
的句子都是陈述句。大多数的句子都是陈述句，它可以用肯定
式和否定式，句末用句号“.”，通常用降调。
2.陈述句的肯定式和否定式的构成及用法。如：
We live in Tianjin.我们住在天津。(肯定句)We don't live in Shanghai.我们不住在上海。(否定句)注意：(1)在一般现在时的肯定式中，主语是第三人称单数时，动词要改成第三人称单数形式。如：John studies Chinese very well.约翰中文学得很好。(2)一般现在时和一般过去时的否定式要用助动词do(does)/did＋not。如：I don't like swimming.我不喜欢游泳。He doesn't have lunch at home every day.他不是每天都在家吃午饭。They didn't play football yesterday.他们昨天没有踢足球。二、疑问句 1.掌握一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问
句的构成、用法和答语。注意在一般现在时和一般过去时的疑
问句要加助动词 do (does)/did。如：Do you often speak English at school ？在学校你常讲英语吗？Does she have a brother？＝Has she got a brother？她有兄弟吗？Did it take you two hours to do your homework last night？昨天晚上做作业花了你 2 个小时吗？What do you often do on Sundays？星期日你常常干什么？
When does your father get up every morning？你父亲每天早晨什么时候起床？Why didn't your teacher come to school yesterday？昨天你们的老师为什么没来学校呢？ 2.提出两种或两种以上的情况，要求对方选择一种，这种
疑问句叫选择疑问句。结构是：“一般疑问句＋or＋一般疑问
句”，但常把后一部分里面和前一部分相同的成分省略。or 前
面的部分用升调，后面的部分用降调。如：Is her brother an artist or a doctor？她的兄弟是一个艺术家还是个医生？Would you like tea or coffee？你想喝茶还是喝咖啡？Shall we go to the cinema on Saturday or on Sunday？我们是周六还是周日去电影院？ 3.反意疑问句表示提问者有一定的主见，但没把握，希望对
方来证实。反意疑问句的结构是：“肯定的陈述句＋否定的疑问
句(缩略形式)”或“否定的陈述句＋肯定的疑问句(缩略形式)”，
两部分的人称和时态要一致。特别要注意疑问句中的助动词必须
缩写，其主语(最后一个词)必须是代词而不能是名词。如：
Your sister has ever been to Shanghai, hasn't she ？你姐姐曾经去过上海是吗？The boys didn't find anything, did they？男孩子们什么也没找到/发现，是不是？在回答反意疑问句时，要根据事实而定，事实是肯定的要回答“Yes, ...”，事实是否定的要回答“No, ...”。如：—He isn't going to the meeting, is he？他不去参加会议，是吗？—Yes, he is./No, he isn't.不，他要去。/是的，他不去。
—It didn't snow last week, did it？上周没有下雪，对吗？
—Yes, it did./No, it didn't.不，下雪了。/是的，没下雪。三、祈使句祈使句没有主语，指让对方做某事，动词要用原形，表示请求、命令、建议等。如：Go back to your seat, please.请回到你的座位上去。
Don't make so much noise.不要吵吵闹闹。Let's go to school together! 咱们一起上学去吧！(let's...是含有第一人称主语的祈使句)Let him help the child.让他帮助那个孩子。(let him...是含有第三人称主语的祈使句)注意：let 引导的祈使句的否定形式是“Let's (us, me)＋not＋动词原形”。如：Let's not say anything about it.对于这件事，咱们什么也不要说。四、感叹句表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情时用感叹句，理解由 what 和 how引导的感叹句的语序和感叹句的使用方法：how 和 what 与所修饰的词放在句首，其他部分用陈述句语序。1.how 作状语，修饰形容词、副词或动词。其结构为“How＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！”。如：
How nice the flowers are! 花多漂亮啊！
How hard he works! 他工作得多努力啊！ 2.what 作宾语，修饰名词(名词前可有其他定语)，单词可数
名词前要加不定冠词 a(n)。在口语中主语和谓语常省略。其结
构为“What＋a(n)＋形容词＋名词(＋主语＋谓语)！”“What
＋形容词＋复数名词(＋主语＋谓语)！”“What＋形容词＋不
可数名词(＋主语＋谓语)！”。如：What a clever girl (she is)！她是一个多么聪明的女孩啊！
What delicious food! 多么好吃的食物啊！一、陈述句的否定结构
1.含有 have 的否定句
(1)have 作“拥有，所有”讲时，其否定形式有两种。如：
I have a new friend.我有一个新朋友。(2)have 作“吃，喝，玩，度过”讲时，其否定形式借助于助动词 do。如：I had breakfast at 7：30 this morning.我今天早上 7：30 吃早餐。
变否定句→I didn't have breakfast at 7：30 this morning.我今天早上 7：30 没吃早餐。(3)have 为助动词时，其否定形式为 haven't。如：
I have visited my uncle.我去了探望我叔叔。变否定句→ I haven't visited my uncle.我没去探望我叔叔。2.注意以下几种情况： (1) 含有 all, both, each, every, both...and...等的肯定句加 not
变为否定句后，只表示部分否定；若表示全部否定，则需分别
用 no, no one, nobody, none, neither, neither...nor..., never 等词。
(2)含有 already (已经), too (也)的肯定句加 not 变为否定句时，要分别把 already 和 too 改为 yet 和 either。如：
He has already finished his work.他已经完成了他的工作。
变否定句→ He hasn't finished his work yet.他还没完成他的工作。We want to go on a trip, too.我们也想去旅行。变否定句→ We don't want to go on a trip, either.我们也不想去旅行。 (3)含有almost, many, much, often 等词的肯定句可直接用
never (hardly), few, little, seldom 变为否定句，而不用加not。如：He always gets up early in the morning.他早上总是早起。
变否定句→He never/hardly gets up early in the morning. 他早上从不/几乎不早起。There is much food in the kitchen.厨房里有很多食物。
变否定句→There is little food in the kitchen.厨房里几乎没有食物。 3. 当主句的主语是第一人称 I/we ，且谓语动词是 think,
believe, suppose 等时，若要否定宾语从句，应注意否定转移现
象。如：I think you are right.我认为你是对的。
I don't think you are right.我认为你不对。二、疑问句1.一般疑问句 一般情况下，含有情态动词的一般疑问句，回答时应用与
问句相同的情态动词，但有时也用其他情态动词来回答。用情
态动词 may 提问时，否定回答用 mustn't 或 can't。如：—May I smoke here？我可以在这儿吸烟吗？—Yes, you may./No, you mustn't./No, you can't.是的，可以。/不，绝对不可以。/不，不可以。2.反意疑问句 当陈述句是含有宾语从句的主从复合句时，反意疑问部分
的动词和主语应与主句的主语和动词保持一致。但是以 I/We
think/believe...开头的句子，反意疑问部分的主语和动词应与从
句的主语和动词保持一致。试比较：I don't know he is right, do I？我不知道他是对的，是吗？
I don't think he is right, is he？我认为他不对，是吗？第十五节 句子的种类
( )1.(2013年安徽，40)—Tony, ________ are you in such a hurry?
—The meeting will start soon.I don't want to be late.
A．where B．how C．when D．why
( )2.(2013年北京，29)—________ do you go to the cinema?
—Once a month.
A．How long B．How far C．How often D．How much
( )3.(2013年毕节，24)—________ is your father?
—He is fine.Thank you!
A．Where B．Who C．How D．What
( )4.(2013年孝感，26)—________ have you been married?
—For twenty years.
A．How far B．How often C．How long D．How soon
( )5.(2013年苏州，11)—________ a beautiful car! I've never seen it before.
A．What B．Which C．How D．Whether
( )6.(2013年铜仁，34)—________ do you go to the library?
—Twice a week.
A．How soon B．How much C．How often D．How far
( )7.(2013年柳州，43)—Becky doesn't talk much, ________ she?
—Yes, she does.
A．will B．did C．does
( )8.(2013年广东，38)Mo Yan won the Nobel Prize for Literature last year.________ excellent he is!
A．How B．What C．What a D．What an
( )9.(2014年广东，38)—Do you know Wang Feng? He can remember 100 groups of numbers in five minutes.
—Yes.________ man he is!
A．What a smart B．How smart C．What a stupid D．How stupid
( )10.(2014年广州，21)—Sorry I'm late.
—________ tell me the bus broke down again!
A．Never to B．Not C．Don't D．No
( )1.—It's reported that the 29th Olympic torch (奥运火炬) traveled to 135 cities around the world.
—________ exciting the news is!
A．What B．How C．What an D．How a
( )2.Don't ________ too much TV.It's bad for your eyes.
A．watch B．watched C．watching D．to watch
( )3.—________ enjoyable it is to travel by air!
—________.
A．How; So is it B．How; So it is
C．What; So is it D．What; So it is
( )4.________ weather it is!
A．What a fine B．How fine C．What fine D．How fine the
( )5.________ exciting match it is between Wang Liqin and Ma Lin in the 49th World Table Tennis Championships!
A．How B．What C．What a D．What an
( )6.Few of them hurt themselves in the earthquake last year, ________？
A．don't they B．didn't they C．did they D．do they
( )7.I don't think he is right, ________？
A．isn't he B．is he C．do I D．don't I
( )8.—I won't go there with you tomorrow.
—________？
A．What about B．How C．Why not D．Where
( )9.—I usually have milk and bread for breakfast.
—________.
A．So do I B．So I do C．So do you D．I have so
( )10.________ up early to do exercise every day and you will become healthy.
A．Getting B．To get C．Get D．Gets
( )11.—Don't forget to bring your book to school.
—________.
A．No, I won't B．OK, I will C．Yes, I won't D．Yes, I do
( )12.Let's go to the cinema to see a film, ________？
A．will you B．shall we C．won't you D．don't you
( )13.—Are you going to buy a book?
—________.
A．A book B．Yes, a book
C．Yes, I am D．No, I don't
( )14.________ is the population of the USA?
A．How much B．How many C．What D．How long
( )15.________ he runs!
A．What quick B．How quick
C．How quickly D．What quickly
第十五节 句子的种类
真题·体验感悟
1—5 DCCCA 6—10 CCAAC
演练·巩固提升
1—5 BABCD 6—10 CBCAC 11—15 ABCCC
