人教A版数学必修第一册达标自测5.6函数y=Asin(ωx+φ)(含解析)

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名称 人教A版数学必修第一册达标自测5.6函数y=Asin(ωx+φ)(含解析)
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更新时间 2023-11-09 16:30:09

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第五章 5.6函数y=Asin(ωx+φ)
一、选择题
1.用“五点法”作函数y=cos在一个周期内的图象时,第四个关键点的坐标是(  )
A.  B.
C. D.
2.将函数y=sin x的图象向左平移个单位,得到的图象的函数解析式是(  )
A.y=sin    B.y=sin x-
C.y=sin D.y=sin x+
3.已知函数f(x)=Asin(ωx+φ)(A>0,ω>0)的部分图象如图所示,则A,ω的值分别为(  )
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A.2,2 B.2,1
C.4,2 D.2,4
4.已知函数f(x)=2sin(ωx+φ)(ω>0)的图象关于直线x=对称,且f=0,则ω的最小值为(  )
A.2 B.4 
C.6 D.8
5.已知曲线C1:y=cos x,C2:y=sin,则下面结论正确的是(  )
A.把C1上各点的横坐标伸长到原来的2倍,纵坐标不变,再把得到的曲线向右平移个单位长度,得到曲线C2
B.把C1上各点的横坐标伸长到原来的2倍,纵坐标不变,再把得到的曲线向左平移个单位长度,得到曲线C2
C.把C1上各点的横坐标缩短到原来的倍,纵坐标不变,再把得到的曲线向右平移个单位长度,得到曲线C2
D.把C1上各点的横坐标缩短到原来的倍,纵坐标不变,再把得到的曲线向左平移个单位长度,得到曲线C2
6.将函数y=sin的图象上各点的横坐标伸长为原来的3倍,纵坐标保持不变,再将所得图象向右平移个单位,得到函数y=f(x)的图象,则y=f(x)的一个对称中心是(  )
A. B.
C. D.
7.(2021·全国高考乙卷理科)把函数y=f(x)图象上所有点的横坐标缩短到原来的倍,纵坐标不变,再把所得曲线向右平移个单位长度,得到函数y=sin的图象,则f(x)=(  )
A.sin B.sin
C.sin D.sin
8.函数f(x)=Asin(2x+φ)的图象过点(0,),则f(x)的图象的一个对称中心是(  )
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A.点 B.点
C.点 D.点
10.(多选题)(2021·山东济南高一月考)将函数f(x)=sin 2x的图象向左平移个单位长度后得到函数g(x)的图象,则(  )
A.g(x)在上的最小值为-
B.g(x)在上的最小值为-1
C.g(x)在上的最大值为
D.g(x)在上的最大值为1
二、填空题
11.简谐振动s=3sin,在t=时的位移s=.初相φ= .
12.把函数y=sin图象上各点的横坐标缩短到原来的(纵坐标不变),再将图象向右平移个单位,所得函数的解析式为 .
13.(2021·全国高考甲卷文科)已知函数f(x)=2cos(ωx+φ)的部分图象如图所示,则f= .
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14.将函数y=cos 2x的图象向左平移个单位,所得图象对应的解析式为 .
15.已知函数f(x)=Acos(ωx+φ)(A>0,ω>0,0<φ<π)为奇函数,该函数的部分图象如图所示,△EFG(点G是图象的最高点)是边长为2的等边三角形,则f(1)= .
16.设函数y=sin(ωx+φ)的最小正周期为π,且其图象关于直线x=对称,则在下面四个结论:①图象关于点对称;②图象关于点对称;③在上是增函数;④在上是增函数中,所有正确结论的编号为 .
三、解答题
17.已知函数y=Asin(ωx+φ)(A>0,ω>0)在一个周期内的图象如图,求该函数的一个解析式.
INCLUDEPICTURE "H:\\111111\\111111\\20Y29.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "H:\\111111\\111111\\20Y29.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\20Y29.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\20Y29.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\20Y29.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\20Y29.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\20Y29.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\20Y29.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\成才之路数学必修第一册RJA\\新建文件夹\\20Y29.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\成才之路数学必修第一册RJA\\新建文件夹\\20Y29.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\成才之路数学必修第一册RJA\\新建文件夹\\20Y29.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET
18.已知函数y=3sin.
(1)用“五点法”画函数的图象;
(2)说出此图象是由y=sin x的图象经过怎样的变换得到的.
19.已知函数f(x)=sin +.
(1)求f(x)的振幅、最小正周期及单调增区间;
(2)求f(x)的图象的对称轴方程和对称中心;
(3)求f(x)的最小值及取得最小值时的x的取值集合.
20.已知函数f(x)=Asin(ωx+φ)的图象与y轴的交点为(0,1),它在y轴右侧的第一个最高点和第一个最低点的坐标分别为(x0,2)和(x0+2π,-2).
(1)求f(x)的解析式及x0的值;
(2)求f(x)的单调增区间;
(3)若x∈[-π,π],求f(x)的值域.
第五章 5.6
一、选择题
1.用“五点法”作函数y=cos在一个周期内的图象时,第四个关键点的坐标是( A )
A.  B.
C. D.
[解析] 令4x-=,得x=.∴该点坐标为.
2.将函数y=sin x的图象向左平移个单位,得到的图象的函数解析式是( C )
A.y=sin    B.y=sin x-
C.y=sin D.y=sin x+
[解析] 函数y=sin x的图象向左平移个单位,得到y=sin 的图象.
3.已知函数f(x)=Asin(ωx+φ)(A>0,ω>0)的部分图象如图所示,则A,ω的值分别为( A )
INCLUDEPICTURE "H:\\111111\\111111\\1124SXM21.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "H:\\111111\\111111\\1124SXM21.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\1124SXM21.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\1124SXM21.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\1124SXM21.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\1124SXM21.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\1124SXM21.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\1124SXM21.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\成才之路数学必修第一册RJA\\新建文件夹\\1124SXM21.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\成才之路数学必修第一册RJA\\新建文件夹\\1124SXM21.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\成才之路数学必修第一册RJA\\新建文件夹\\1124SXM21.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET
A.2,2 B.2,1
C.4,2 D.2,4
[解析] 由函数的图象可得A=2,T=-=π,
∴ω==2,故选A.
4.已知函数f(x)=2sin(ωx+φ)(ω>0)的图象关于直线x=对称,且f=0,则ω的最小值为( A )
A.2 B.4 
C.6 D.8
[解析] 函数f(x)的周期T≤4=π,
则≤π,解得ω≥2,故ω的最小值为2.
5.已知曲线C1:y=cos x,C2:y=sin,则下面结论正确的是( D )
A.把C1上各点的横坐标伸长到原来的2倍,纵坐标不变,再把得到的曲线向右平移个单位长度,得到曲线C2
B.把C1上各点的横坐标伸长到原来的2倍,纵坐标不变,再把得到的曲线向左平移个单位长度,得到曲线C2
C.把C1上各点的横坐标缩短到原来的倍,纵坐标不变,再把得到的曲线向右平移个单位长度,得到曲线C2
D.把C1上各点的横坐标缩短到原来的倍,纵坐标不变,再把得到的曲线向左平移个单位长度,得到曲线C2
[解析] C1:y=cos x=sin.
即y=sin
y=sin
=sin 2
y=sin 2=sin 2.
6.将函数y=sin的图象上各点的横坐标伸长为原来的3倍,纵坐标保持不变,再将所得图象向右平移个单位,得到函数y=f(x)的图象,则y=f(x)的一个对称中心是( B )
A. B.
C. D.
[解析] 函数y=sin的图象上各点的横坐标伸长到原来的3倍得到图象的解析式为:y=sin,再向右平移个单位得到图象的解析式y=sin=sin 2x,当x=时,y=sin π=0,所以是函数y=sin 2x的一个对称中心.故选B.
7.(2021·全国高考乙卷理科)把函数y=f(x)图象上所有点的横坐标缩短到原来的倍,纵坐标不变,再把所得曲线向右平移个单位长度,得到函数y=sin的图象,则f(x)=( B )
A.sin B.sin
C.sin D.sin
[解析] 解法一:函数y=f(x)图象上所有点的横坐标缩短到原来的倍,纵坐标不变,得到y=f(2x)的图象,再把所得曲线向右平移个单位长度,应当得到y=f的图象,
根据已知得到了函数y=sin的图象,
所以f=sin,
令t=2,则x=+,x-=+,
所以f(t)=sin,所以f(x)=sin.
解法二:由已知的函数y=sin逆向变换,
第一步:向左平移个单位长度,得到y=sin=sin的图象,
第二步:图象上所有点的横坐标伸长到原来的2倍,纵坐标不变,得到y=sin的图象,
即为y=f(x)的图象,所以f(x)=sin.
故选B.
8.函数f(x)=Asin(2x+φ)的图象过点(0,),则f(x)的图象的一个对称中心是( B )
INCLUDEPICTURE "H:\\111111\\111111\\21WY60.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "H:\\111111\\111111\\21WY60.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\21WY60.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\21WY60.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\21WY60.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\21WY60.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\21WY60.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\21WY60.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\成才之路数学必修第一册RJA\\新建文件夹\\21WY60.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\成才之路数学必修第一册RJA\\新建文件夹\\21WY60.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\成才之路数学必修第一册RJA\\新建文件夹\\21WY60.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET
A.点 B.点
C.点 D.点
[解析] 由函数图象知A=2,由图象过点(0,),可得2sin φ=,即sin φ=.
由于|φ|<,得φ=,即f(x)=2sin.
由2x+=kπ,k∈Z可解得x=-,k∈Z.
故f(x)的图象的对称中心点,k∈Z.
当k=0时,f(x)的图象的一个对称中心是点.
9.(多选题)已知函数f(x)=sin(2x+φ)(-π<φ<0),将函数f(x)图象向左平移个单位长度后所得的函数图象过点P(0,1),则函数f(x)=sin(2x+φ)( BD )
A.在区间上单调递减
B.在区间上单调递增
C.在区间上单调递减
D.在区间上单调递增
[解析] 将函数f(x)的图象向左平移个单位长度,得y=sin=sin,函数f(x)的图象过点P(0,1),所以+φ=+2kπ,k∈Z;所以φ=-+2kπ,k∈Z;因为-π<φ<0,所以φ=-;所以函数f(x)=sin,令-+2kπ≤2x-≤+2kπ,k∈Z;解得-+kπ≤x≤+kπ,k∈Z;所以f(x)在,上单调递增.
10.(多选题)(2021·山东济南高一月考)将函数f(x)=sin 2x的图象向左平移个单位长度后得到函数g(x)的图象,则( AD )
A.g(x)在上的最小值为-
B.g(x)在上的最小值为-1
C.g(x)在上的最大值为
D.g(x)在上的最大值为1
[解析] f(x)左移个单位,得到函数g(x)=sin 2,即g(x)=sin,当0≤x≤时,≤2x+≤,故-≤sin≤1,当2x+=,x=时g(x)max=1,当2x+=,x=时g(x)min=-.故选AD.
二、填空题
11.简谐振动s=3sin,在t=时的位移s=.初相φ=.
[解析] 当t=时,s=3sin=3×=.
12.把函数y=sin图象上各点的横坐标缩短到原来的(纵坐标不变),再将图象向右平移个单位,所得函数的解析式为y=-cos__2x.
[解析] 把函数y=sin图象上各点的横坐标缩短到原来的(纵坐标不变),可得y=sin的图象;再将图象向右平移个单位,可得y=sin=sin=-cos 2x的图象.
13.(2021·全国高考甲卷文科)已知函数f(x)=2cos(ωx+φ)的部分图象如图所示,则f=-.
INCLUDEPICTURE "H:\\111111\\111111\\21GK1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "H:\\111111\\111111\\21GK1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\21GK1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\21GK1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\21GK1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\21GK1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\21GK1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "D:\\MMMMMMMMM\\原稿\\21GK1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\成才之路数学必修第一册RJA\\新建文件夹\\21GK1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\成才之路数学必修第一册RJA\\新建文件夹\\21GK1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET INCLUDEPICTURE "C:\\Users\\Administrator\\Desktop\\成才之路数学必修第一册RJA\\新建文件夹\\21GK1.TIF" \* MERGEFORMATINET
[解析] 由题意可得:T=-=,∴T=π,ω==2,
当x=时,ωx+φ=2×+φ=2kπ,
∴φ=2kπ-π(k∈Z),
令k=1可得:φ=-,据此有:f(x)=2cos,f=2cos=2cos=-.故答案为:-.
14.将函数y=cos 2x的图象向左平移个单位,所得图象对应的解析式为y=cos.
15.已知函数f(x)=Acos(ωx+φ)(A>0,ω>0,0<φ<π)为奇函数,该函数的部分图象如图所示,△EFG(点G是图象的最高点)是边长为2的等边三角形,则f(1)=-.
[解析] 由函数f(x)=Acos(ωx+φ)(A>0,ω>0,0<φ<π)是奇函数,可得φ=,则f(x)=Acos=-Asin ωx(A>0,ω>0).由△EFG是边长为2的等边三角形,可得A=,周期T=4=,ω=,则f(x)=-sinx,∴f(1)=-.
16.设函数y=sin(ωx+φ)的最小正周期为π,且其图象关于直线x=对称,则在下面四个结论:①图象关于点对称;②图象关于点对称;③在上是增函数;④在上是增函数中,所有正确结论的编号为②④.
[解析] ∵T=π,∴ω=2.又2×+φ=kπ+,∵φ=kπ+.∵φ∈,∴φ=,∴y=sin.由图象及性质可知②④正确.
三、解答题
17.已知函数y=Asin(ωx+φ)(A>0,ω>0)在一个周期内的图象如图,求该函数的一个解析式.
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[解析] 方法一(最值点法):由图象知函数的最大值为,最小值为-,又A>0,
∴A=.由图象知=-=,∴T=π=,∴ω=2.
又=,
∴图象上的最高点为,
∴=sin,
即sin=1,可取φ=-,
故函数的一个解析式为y=sin.
方法二(五点对应法):由图象知A=,又图象过点,,根据五点作图法原理(以上两点可判断为五点作图法中的第一点与第三点)得
解得
故函数的一个解析式为y=sin.
18.已知函数y=3sin.
(1)用“五点法”画函数的图象;
(2)说出此图象是由y=sin x的图象经过怎样的变换得到的.
[解析] (1)列表:
x- 0 π 2π
x
y 0 3 0 -3 0
描点:在坐标系中描出下列各点,,,,.
连线:将所得五点用光滑的曲线连接起来,得到所求函数的图象,如图所示.
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这样就得到了函数y=3sin在一个周期内的图象,再将这部分图象向左或向右平移4kπ(k∈Z)个单位长度,得函数y=3sin的图象.
(2)①把y=sin x的图象上所有的点向右平行移动个单位长度,得到y=sin的图象;
②把y=sin图象上所有的点的横坐标伸长到原来的2倍(纵坐标不变),得到y=sin的图象;
③将y=sin的图象上所有的点的纵坐标伸长到原来的3倍(横坐标不变),就得到y=3sin的图象.
19.已知函数f(x)=sin +.
(1)求f(x)的振幅、最小正周期及单调增区间;
(2)求f(x)的图象的对称轴方程和对称中心;
(3)求f(x)的最小值及取得最小值时的x的取值集合.
[解析] (1)函数f(x)的振幅为,最小正周期T==π.
由2kπ-≤2x+≤2kπ+(k∈Z)得kπ-≤x≤kπ+(k∈Z),f(x)的单调增区间为(k∈Z).
(2)令2x+=kπ+(k∈Z),得x=+(k∈Z),
所以对称轴方程为x=+(k∈Z);
令2x+=kπ(k∈Z),得x=-(k∈Z),
所以对称中心为(k∈Z).
(3)当sin=-1,
即2x+=-+2kπ(k∈Z),
所以x=-+kπ(k∈Z)时,f(x)的最小值为,此时x的取值集合是.
20.已知函数f(x)=Asin(ωx+φ)的图象与y轴的交点为(0,1),它在y轴右侧的第一个最高点和第一个最低点的坐标分别为(x0,2)和(x0+2π,-2).
(1)求f(x)的解析式及x0的值;
(2)求f(x)的单调增区间;
(3)若x∈[-π,π],求f(x)的值域.
[解析] (1)由题意作出f(x)的简图如图.
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由图象知A=2,由=2π,得T=4π,
∴4π=,即ω=,
∴f(x)=2sin,
∴f(0)=2sin φ=1,
又∵|φ|<,∴φ=,
∴f(x)=2sin.
∵f(x0)=2sin=2,
∴x0+=+2kπ,k∈Z.
∴x0=4kπ+,k∈Z,
又(x0,2)是y轴右侧的第一个最高点,
∴x0=.
(2)由-+2kπ≤x+≤+2kπ,k∈Z,
得-+4kπ≤x≤+4kπ,k∈Z,
∴f(x)的单调增区间为(k∈Z).
(3)∵-π≤x≤π,∴-≤x+≤,
∴-≤sin≤1,∴-≤f(x)≤2,
故f(x)的值域为[-,2].