【最高考】2015高考英语（江苏）语法精讲+精练：专题九 名词性从句常考点

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专题九　名词性从句常考点
在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫作名词性从句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句和表语从句。名词性从句是英语中的一个重要语法项目，在历年的高考中几乎都涉及到。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词that，whether，if(不充当从句的任何成分)；连接代词what，whatever，who，whoever，whom，whose，which；连接副词when，where，how，why。【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
　　 It is...和There is...
It is...句型中it为形式主语，真正 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的主语为动名词、不定式或从句，而There is意为“有……”，有时be也可以用exist，remain等替代。
用it，there填空：
①________ is a pity that he was absent.
②________ is a fact that he has lied to you.
③________ is no wonder that he is so excited.
④________ is no need to worry about it.
⑤________ is no sense/point (in) arguing with him.
⑥________ is no doubt that he has gone.
【答案】①It　②It　③It　④There　⑤There　⑥There
　　从句作主语时的谓语动词形式
主语从句作主语相当于第三人称单数作主语，谓 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语动词用单数；如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。
用所给词的适当形式填空：
①That the president is coming ________(excite) all of us.21·cn·jy·com
②How close pa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rents are to their children ________(have) a strong influence on their character.
③When and where the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) meeting will be held ____________(not decide) yet.
【答案】①excites　②has　③isn't decided/hasn't been decided
　　宾语从句的时态和语序
宾语从句中的时态要注意呼应。当主句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )中的谓语是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同的时态。当主句中的谓语是过去时态，从句则要用相应的过去时态(如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等)；当从句表示的是客观真理、科学真理、自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。宾语从句语序要用陈述语序(what is/was the matter除外)。
①The photographs will show you ________．
A. what does our village look like
B. what our village looks like
C. how does our village look like
D. how our village looks like
②Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see ________．www.21-cn-jy.com
A. who is he
B. who he is
C. who is it
D. who it is
③Hello，I didn't k ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )now you ________(be) in London. How long have you been here
④I thought he ________(be) coming tomorrow.
⑤The teacher told us t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat light ________(travel) at a very high speed.
【答案】①B　②D　③were　④was　⑤travels
　　表语从句中的常见句型
常用的句型有：The re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ason is that...；It is because...；That's why...；That's where...。
完成下列句子：
①The reason ________ he is absent from school is ________ he is ill.
＝He is ill. That's ________ he is absent from school.21·世纪*教育网
＝He is absent from school. That's ________ he is ill.
②The reason ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )________ he gave was ________ he was caught in the traffic jam.
③That's ________ I disagree/the problem lies/I have doubt/you are mistaken.
That's ________ I disagree about/the problem lies in/I have doubt about/you are mistaken about.
【答案】①why；that；why；because　②which；that/不填
③ where；what
　　同位语从句和定语从句的辨别
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )位语的名词性从句。连接词 that引导同位语从句时，应在某些抽象名词之后，如：fact，hope，story，thought，suggestion，idea，news，possibility，feeling，doubt，truth，wish，word(消息)，request，information，order，message等，对前面的名词起补充说明的作用。同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。定语从句中的that是关系代词，既起引导从句的作用，同时又在从句中充当主语或宾语，而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。
完成下列句子：
①The news ________ he told us excited us.
The news ________ our team won the game excited us.21世纪教育网版权所有
②The fact ________ he collected was surprising.
The fact ________ he said nothing was surprising.
③There is a chance/possibility ________ he will lose the game.
＝________ are that he will lose the game.
④Information has bee ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n put forward ________ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
【答案】①that/which/不填；that　②that/which/不填；that　③that；Chances　④that
　　what和that的用法
①what可引导主语从句、宾语从句和 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )表语从句，并且替代名词性从句中所缺的主语、宾语或表语(尤其注意what引导的从句作介词宾语)，相当于“名词或代词＋that/which”；另外，what不能引导定语从句。
②that在名词性从句中只引导从句，不充当成分。如：
That he said nothing at the meeting surprised us.
[注]介词后不接that从句，除了in that...和except that...。
that引导两个以上的宾语从句，第一个 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that可省略，其后的that都不可省略。that引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时，that不可省略。
完成下列句子：
①The school is no longer ________ it used to be.
＝The school is no longer the one________ it used to be.
②Finally he told us everything ________ he had seen.
＝Finally he told us ________ he had seen.
③They arrived in ________ was once a school.
＝They arrive in the place ________ was once a school.2-1-c-n-j-y
④Don't care ________ others think about you.
⑤Do you know ________ they do with waste paper
【答案】①what；that　②that；what　③what；that/which
④what　⑤what
　　whether和if的区别以及whether和that的区别
1. if和whether都可译为“是否”，两者引导宾语从句时通常可以互相替换。
而以下几种情况中，只能用whether，不能用if：
①强调两方面的选择，特别是句中有or not时。如：
Let me know whether you can come or not.
②宾语从句前置时。如：
Whether this is true，I can't say.
③引导主语、表语、同位语从句时。如：
Whether the foo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tball game will be played depends on the weather. (主语从句)
The question is whether he can do it. (表语从句)
The question whethe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r we should go with them must be decided at once. (同位语从句)
④在介词之后作宾语时。如：
I haven't settled the question of whether I'll go back home.
Whether we will go there depends on whether it is going to rain.
⑤在不定式前与不定式一起组成短语时。如：
Whether to go or stay is still a question.
[注]if可以引导条件状语从句，有“假如；如果”之意，而whether可以引导让步状语从句，有“不管；无论” 之意。如：2·1·c·n·j·y
　If you ask him，he will help you.
Whether he comes or not，we will begin our party on time.
2. whether和that的区别：that表示事实，而whether 表示疑问。
完成下列句子：
①________ they are twins is clear.
________ they are twins is not clear.
②There is a question/ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )an argument ________ we have enough time to do it.
③The problem is ________ he is poor at English.
The problem is ________ he can improve his English. 21*cnjy*com
【答案】①That；Whether　②whether　③that；how/whether
　　“疑问词＋ever”和“no matter＋疑问词”的区别
“疑问词＋ever”既可引导 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )名词性从句，在主句中充当一定的成分，又可以引导让步状语从句；但是“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句。
完成下列句子：
①________ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
________ leaves the room last，he ought to turn off the lights.
②He wouldn't listen to ________ I said.
________ I said，he wouldn't listen to me.
③Sarah hopes to become a friend of ________ shares her interest.
________ comes，you mustn't open the door.
④As many as five c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ourses are provided, and you are free to choose ________ suits you best.
【答案】①Whoever；Whoeve ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r/No matter who　②whatever；Whatever/No matter what　③whoever；Whoever/No matter who　④whichever
　　who和whoever的区别
who表示疑问；而whoever与anyone who同义。
用who，whoever填空：
①________ has stolen the money hasn't been found out yet.
②________ has stolen the money should be punished.
③I will spare a tick ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )et for the newly－made film to ________ desires to get it.
【答案】①Who　②Whoever　③whoever
　　“众所周知”的几种表达
“众所周知”可以用主语从句、表语从句和非限制性定语从句来表示。
完成下列句子：
①________ is known to us all that China is a developing country.
②________ is known to us all is that China is a developing country.
③________ is known to us all，China is a developing country.
④________ we all know，China is a developing country.
【答案】①It　②What　③As　④As
1. (2014·陕西卷) ________ the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather.
A. Why　　　B. When　　　C. That　　　D. What
2. (2014·江苏卷)—What a mess! You are always so lazy!
—I'm not to blame, Mum. I am ________ you have made me.
A. how B. what
C. that D. who
3. (2014·山东卷)It is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) difficult for us to imagine ________ life was like for slaves in the ancient world.
A. where B. what
C. which D. why
4. (2014·湖南卷)As Joh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n Lennon once said，life is ________ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.
A. which B. that
C. what D. where
5. (2014·大纲卷)Exactly ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ________ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565.
A. whether B. why
C. when D. how
6. (2013·浙江卷)The ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ________ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
A. how B. that
C. which D. whether
7. (2013·安徽卷)From ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )space，the earth looks blue. This is ________ about seventy－one per cent of its surface is covered by water.www-2-1-cnjy-com
A. why B. how
C. because D. whether
8. (2013·陕西卷)It rem ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ains to be seen ________ the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice.
A. that B. which
C. what D. whether
9. (2013·天津卷)_ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_______ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.
A. That B. Which
C. Whether D. What
10. (2012·江苏卷 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))The notice came around two in the afternoon ________ the meeting would be postponed.
A. when B. that
C. whether D. how
【答案】1. B　2. B　3. B　4. C　5. C　6. B　7. C　8. D　9. D　10. B
1. Where and when we will build the new factory________ yet.
A. is not decided B. are not decided
C. has not decided D. have not decided
2. She is pleased wit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h ________ you have given her and all ________ you have told.
A. that；that B. what；which
C. what；that D. all；what
3. Please put the medi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cine on the top of the shelf. It's ________ our children can't reach it.
A. what B. that
C. where D. how
4. —Would you tell me ________ you want your tea，with sugar or milk
—Sugar，please.
A. whether B. when
C. what D. how
5. The professor in th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e end decided to give the prize to________ has a command of English.
A. who B. anyone
C. whoever D. whomever
6. As a new gr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )aduate，he doesn't know ________ it takes to start a business here.
A. how B. what
C. when D. which
7. The last time ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) we had great fun was ________ we were visiting the Water Park.
A. where B. how
C. when D. why
8. We should also car ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e about the children from the earthquake－stricken area after ________ seemed to have returned to normal.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
A. it B. what
C. that D. which
9. I was surprised ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )by her words，which made me recognize ________ silly mistakes I had made.21教育名师原创作品
A. what　　　B. that　　　C. how　　　D. which
10. The tradition ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )al view is ________ we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.
A. that B. why
C. when D. whether
11. —It's thirty years since we last met.
—But I still rem ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ember the story，believe it or not，________ we got lost on a rainy night.
A. which B. that
C. what D. when
12. With his work c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ompleted，the businessman stepped back to his seat，feeling pleased ________ he was a man of action.
A. whether B. that
C. what D. which
13. There is a si ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gn ________ the Chinese food is becoming more and more popular.
A. when B. that
C. if D. which
14. ________ is re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ported in the newspapers，talks between the two countries are making progress.
A. It B. As
C. That D. What
15. While you've ma ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )de some mistakes，I believe ________ you've done your best and ________ things will improve.
A. that；/ B. /；that
C. that；which D. if；that
16. The ques ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tion came at the conference ________ we should do with the sluggish market.
A. which B. where
C. how D. what
17. It's none of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )your business ________ other people think about you. Believe yourself.
A. how B. what
C. which D. when
18. It seems ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) that we value ________ we are trying to get more than ________ we possess right now.21cnjy.com
A. what；what B. what；that
C. that；that D. that；what
19. During the su ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mmer holidays，we paid a visit to ________ was once our primary school ________ the workers use as a store.【出处：21教育名师】
A. what；that B. where；which
C. where；that D. which；where
20. Our city is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )no longer ________ it was ten years ago，________ it was quite dirty and noisy.　　21*cnjy*com
A. what；which B. that；which
C. what；when D. that；where
21. It suddenly o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ccurred to him ________ he had left his keys in the office.
A. whether B. where
C. which D. that
22. It is unc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ertain ________ side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.
A. that B. what
C. how D. whether
23. I made a pr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )omise to myself ________ this year, my first year in high school, would be different.
A. whether B. what
C. that D. how
24. Many young people ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )decide to leave for ________ is a good place to live to seek their fortune. 21教育网
A. where B. what
C. which D. that
25．The place ________ the bridge is supposed to be built should be ________ the cross river traffic is the heaviest.
A. which; where
B. at which; which
C. at which; where
D. which; in which
26. Before a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) problem can be solved, it must be obvious ________ the problem itself is.
A. what B. that
C. which D. why
27. How much ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) one enjoys himself travelling depends largely on ________ he goes with, whether his friends or relatives. 【版权所有：21教育】
A. what B. who
C. how D. why
28. When the news ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )came ________ the war broke out, he decided to serve in the army.
A. since B. which
C. that D. because
29. Why not try you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r luck downtown, Bob That's ________ the best jobs are.
A. where B. what
C. when D. why
30. The chief manage ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r has decided to put ________ he thinks has good qualities in the position of the leadership of the company.
A. those who B. anyone
C. whomever D. whoever
【答案】1. A　2. C　3. C　4. D　5. C　6. B　7. C　8. B
9. A　10. A　11. B　12. B　13. B　14. B　15. B　16. D
17. B　18. A　19. A　2 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )0. C　21. D　22. B　23. C　24. B　25. C　26. A　27. B　28. C　29. A　30. D
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