【最高考】2015高考英语（江苏）语法精讲+精练：专题五 动词时态和语态常考点

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专题五　动词时态和语态常考点
在高考英语中，动词的时态和语态是重中之重 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，试题在考查固定句式中的时态和语态的同时，注重在上下文语境中考查时态和语态。要了解几种时态的一些常规规则，答题时要研读题干，搜索出尽可能多的“时间参照信息”，尤其要注意时态的呼应情况。
时态 主动语态形式 被动语态形式
一般现在时 am/is/are/do/does am/is/are done
一般过去时 was/were/did was/were done
现在完成时 has/have done has/have been done
现在完成进行时 has/have been doing /
现在进行时 am/is/are doing am/is/are being done
过去进行时 was/were doing was/were being done
过去完成时 had done had been done
将来完成时 will/shall have done will /shall have been done
一般将来时 will /shall doam/is/are going to doam/is/are coming/leavingam/is/are to doam/is/are about to do will /shall be doneam/is/are to be done
过去将来时 would dowas going to dowas coming/leavingwas to dowas about to do would be donewas/were to be done
将来进行时 will /shall be doing /
　　一般现在时
一般现在时表示动作的经常性或真理；表示现状 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词；在条件、时间、让步状语从句中用一般现在时或现在完成时表示将来；表示预计或规定；方位副词或介词短语放在句首，主语是名词，且全部倒装时，用一般现在时表示正在发生的动作；还可使用于文学作品和文学评论中。21教育网
用所给词的适当形式填空：
①I'll go there after I ________(finish) my work.
②The water will be fu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rther polluted unless some measures ________(take)．
③My train ________(leave) at 6：30.
④A snow ________(expect) to come next week.
⑤On the wall ________(hang) a picture.
⑥This kind of cloth ________(wash) well.
⑦Don't take it away. It ________(belong) to me.
⑧He said water________(boil) at 100 ℃.
【答案】①finish　② ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )are taken　③leaves　④is expected　⑤hangs　⑥washes　⑦belongs　⑧boils21cnjy.com
　　一般过去时和现在完成时
一般过去时(标志词：yesterday ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，just now，last year，the other day等)表示动作发生在过去，和现在毫无关系。2-1-c-n-j-y
现在完成时(标志词：since，i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n the past/last years，just，recent(ly)，lately，so far＝up to now＝up until now＝by now，already，yet，several/many/...times)则强调的是对现在的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续。21*cnjy*com
请区别下列几组句子：
①He has lived in London for three years.(现在还住在伦敦)
He lived in London for three years.(现在不在伦敦了)
②It's two years since he smoked.(他不抽烟已两年了)
It's two years since he began to smoke.(他抽烟已有两年了)
③This is the first/second/...time (that) I have_visited the school.
This was the first/second/...time I had_visited the school.
④ He was writing a book last year.(去年他在写一本书)
He wrote a book last year.(去年他写了一本书)
⑤I thought he was an American.(我原以为他是美国人)
I think he is an American.(我想他是美国人)
用所给词的适当形式填空：
①—I haven't seen you for ages. Haven't you graduated from college
—Yes. I________(study) English for four years in Nanjing University.
②Where ________ you________(put) my book I can't find it anywhere.
③Although he has ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lived with us for years，he ________(not leave) us much impression.
④My brother is an acto ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r. He ________(appear) in several films in the past few years.
⑤—Li Pin may not come tonight.
—But he ________(promise)．
【答案】①studied　②have；put　③hasn't left　④has appeared　⑤promised
　　过去完成时和将来完成时
过去完成时表示一件事情发生 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在过去，而另一件事情先于它发生(即表示“过去的过去”)。常用的时间状语有：by then，by that time，by the end of，before 2000，by the time，hardly/scarcely/rarely...when...和no sooner...than...【来源：21·世纪·教育·网】
[注]表示原打算做但未做的几种表达：
①I had hoped/expected/meant/intended/... to do...，but...www-2-1-cnjy-com
＝I hoped/expected/... to have done...，but...
＝I would like/love to have done...，but...
＝I was to have done...，but...
＝I was going to do...，but...
＝I would have done...，but...
②I was coming/leaving/arriving/..., but...
将来完成时表示到将来某一时间，某一动作将会完成，常用的时间状语为“by＋将来的某个时间”。如：
They will have completed the project by the end of next year.21教育名师原创作品
用所给词的适当形式填空：
①Helen ________(leave) her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ________(come) home.
②I ________(hope) t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o meet Mr. Thompson this morning，but I found nobody left in the room.
③By the time he ________(return) home，the work had been finished.
By the time he returns home，the work ____________(finish)．
④We plan to reach t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he North Pole in mid－July，and by then we ____________(walk) for six weeks.
【答案】①had left；cam ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e　②had hoped　③returned; will have been finished　④will have walked
　　现在进行时，过去进行时，现在完成进行时和将来进行时
现在进行时表示现在正在进行的情况，计划、 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )安排要做的事，还可以表示反复出现的动作，往往含有赞赏、厌恶、遗憾等情绪，常与always，continually，constantly连用；
过去进行时表示过去某一刻或一段时间内正在进行的动作，还可以表示过去的将来动作；
现在完成进行时表示动作的未完成性和暂时性，还可以表示感彩；
将来进行时表示将来某个时候或某段时间正在进行的动作。
用所给词的适当形式填空：
①—Have you moved into the new house
—Not yet. The rooms ____________(paint)．
②My father ________(fall) while he ________(ride) his bicycle and ________(hurt) himself.
③—Why are her eyes red
—She ____________(cry)．
④He ____________(fly) over the Atlantic at this time tomorrow.【出处：21教育名师】
⑤You ________ alway ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s ________(watch) TV. Why not do something more active
⑥—Did you find the missing couple in the mountain yesterday
—No，but we ________(try) to get in touch with them ever since.
【答案】①are being ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )painted　②fell；was riding；hurt　③has been crying　④will be flying　⑤are；watching　⑥have been trying
　　一般将来时
注意区别will do，be going to do，be about to do，be doing，be to do：
①will do表示事物的固有属性或必然趋势，此外，还表示临时决定；
②be going to do表示计划、打算要做某事，还表示根据现在的迹象，对未来进行推断；
③be about to do表示立即的将来，因此，不与表示将来的具体时间状语连用；
④有些动词如come，go，arrive，leave，begin等，其一般现在时、现在进行时亦可表示按计划或安排将来要发生的动作或状态；21·cn·jy·com
⑤be to do表示按计划或安排要做的事，意为“应该；想，打算；注定会”。
用所给词的适当形式填空：
①Ladies and gentlem ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )en，please fasten your safety belt. The plane________(take) off.
②Look at the timetable. Flight 4026 ________(take) off at 18：20.
③If you ____________(succeed)，you should work hard.
④Look at the dark clouds. It ____________(rain)．
⑤—The light is still on.
—Sorry. I ________(go) and turn it off.
【答案】①is taking　②takes　③are to succeed　④is going to rain　⑤will go
　　get＋过去分词
“get＋过去分词”可以表示被动，此结构比较口语化。
用所给词的适当形式填空：
①The patient ________(treat) once a week.
②He fell off the building and ________(kill)．
【答案】①gets treated/is treated　②got killed/was killed
　　主动形式表示被动意义
需用主动形式表示被动意义的情况：
①当系动词feel，look，smell，taste，sound，prove，remain，stay等后面接形容词时；
②当cut，read，sell，wear，write 等词有状语easily，well等修饰时；
③measure，weigh，add up to后接数字时；
④在“be＋形容词＋to do”中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动形式表示被动意义。如：
The problem is easy to solve.
⑤need，want，require，deserve后接动名词主动形式，相当于to be done。如：
The watch needs repairing.
He deserves praising.
⑥be worth后接动名词主动形式表示被动意义。如：
The book is well worth buying.
⑦固定短语be to blame，be to let。
①The water ________ cool when I jumped into the pool for morning exercise.
A. was felt B. was to feel
C. felt D. was to be felt
②I feel it is your husband who ________ for the spoiled child.
A. is to blame
B. is going to blame
C. is to be blamed
D. should blame
③Doctors and m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )edical supplies ________ to the scene of the accident soon after the coal mine explosion.
A. had rushed B. were rushed
C. were rushing D. rushed
④The moment the 28t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h Olympic Games ________ open，the whole world cheered.
A. declared
B. have been declared
C. have declared
D. were declared
⑤—Why did you leave that position
—I________ a better position at IBM.
A. offer B. offered
C. am offered D. was offered
⑥—How are the team playing
—They are playing well，but one of them ________ hurt.　　21*cnjy*com
A. got B. gets
C. were D. is
⑦I want to buy that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) kind of cloth because I ________ the cloth ________ well.
A. have told；washes
B. have been told；washes
C. was told；was washed
D. have been told；is washed
【答案】①C　②A　③B　④D　⑤D　⑥A　⑦B
　　感官动词和使役动词的被动语态
感官动词和使役动词的宾补是动词原形，改成被动语态时要加to。
将下列句子改为被动语态：
①I saw him fall down.
He was seen____________．
②I made him wash the dishes.
He was made____________．
【答案】①to fall down　②to wash the dishes
　　“据说/据报道/……”的表达
Somebody is(was)said ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )/reported/believed/thought/known to...意为“据说/据报道/大家认为/众所周之/人们认为……”。
此时，动词不定式有三种形式，即to do, to be doing和to have done。到底用哪种形式，可用下面的方法来辨别：
把不定式的动作发生的时间和谓语的动作发生的时间相比较：
动词不定式动作先于谓语动作发生：用to have done；
动词不定式动作与谓语动作同时发生：用to be doing；
动词不定式动作发生在谓语动作之后或同为经常性：用to do。
①The bank is reported ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in the local newspaper ________ in broad daylight yesterday.
A. being robbed B. having been robbed
C. to have been robbed D. robbed
②Wang Ming is said ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ________ abroad, but I am not sure which country it was.
A. to study B. to have studied
C. to be studying D. to have been studying
③Linda is thought _ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_______ in Africa, but I really don't know what country she's working in.
A. to have worked B. to work
C. to be working D. working
【答案】①C　②B　③C
　　不用被动语态的动词或动词短语
appear，disappear，occ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ur，benefit，end，begin，happen，last，spread，break out，take place，belong to，come about，suffer from等。
用所给词的适当形式填空：
① The place caugh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building ____________(remain) now.
② The medicine ____________(prove) vital for reducing fever and helping stop pain.
【答案】①remains　②has proved
1. (2014·湖南卷)Whenev ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er you ________ a present, you should think about it from the receiver's point of view.
A. bought
B. have bought
C. will buy
D. buy
2. (2014·江西卷)—Tony, why are your eyes red
—I ________ up peppers for the last five minutes.
A. cut B. was cutting
C. had cut D. have been cutting
3. (2014·江苏卷)— ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing
—Well, the media ________ it in a variety of forms.
A. cover B. will cover
C. have covered D. covered
4. (2014·重庆卷) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )James has just arrived, but I didn't know he ________ until yesterday.
A. will come B. was coming
C. had come D. came
5. (2014·重庆卷)You'd be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tter write down her phone number before you ________ it.
A. forget B. are forgetting
C. forgot D. will forget
6. (2013·浙江卷)During th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e last three decades，the number of people participating in physical fitness programmes ________ sharply.
A. was increasing
B. has increased
C. had increased
D. will be increasing
7. (2013·江苏卷)—Could I use your car tomorrow morning
—Sure. I ________ a report at home.
A. will be writing
B. will have written
C. have written
D. have been writing
8. (2013·山东卷)I didn't ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )think I'd like the movie，but actually it ________ pretty good.
A. has been B. was
C. had been D. would be
9. (2013·江西卷)I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ________ to visit you later that day，but I had to phone and cancel.
A. come B. came
C. am coming D. was coming
10. (2012·江苏卷)Th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e manager is said to have arrived back from Paris where he ________ some European business partners.
A. would meet B. is meeting
C. meets D. had met
【答案】1. D　2. D　3. C　4. B　5. A　6. B　7. A　8. B
9. D　10. D
1. Unfortunately，when ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) I got to her flat，she ________，so we had only time for a few words.
A. just left
B. had just left
C. has just left
D. was just leaving
2. Kate________ on her new novel，which is supposed to come out next month.
A. has been working
B. had worked
C. will be working
D. was working
3. Profits in his ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) company went up by 25% last year，and ________ so far this year though the financial situation is bad.www.21-cn-jy.com
A. haven't decreased
B. didn't decrease
C. haven't been decreased
D. weren't decreased
4. —Jeff，you look so excited today.
—Sure I am，I ________ a good job in a big company，you know.2·1·c·n·j·y
A. offered
B. will offer
C. have been offered
D. was offered
5. —Are you about to have dinner
—Yes，it ________ in the dining－room.
A. is serving B. serves
C. is being served D. is served
6. —I ran into t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he back of a truck yesterday and damaged my car badly.
—I suppose you ________ too fast.
A. had driven B. drove
C. have driven D. were driving
7. If a computer cr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ashes，you will lose the file you ________on if you don't save it early enough.
A. are working B. work
C. will work D. worked
8. I don't unders ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tand why you ________ your mind constantly！We haven't been able to decide where to spend our holiday，you know
A. change B. will change
C. are changing D. have changed
9. —Ring me at 5：00 a．m. No better not so early！I ________．
—I got it.
A. will sleep
B. sleep
C. am sleeping
D. will be sleeping
10. —I'll come to see your performance at 9：00 tomorrow evening.
—I'm sorry，but by ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )then my performance ________ and I ________ reporters in the meeting room.
A. will end；will meet
B. will have ended；will be meeting
C. will be ended；am going to meet
D. is to end；will meet
11. Miss Li ________ as a secretary for five years in the company，and now she is general manager of it.
A. serves B. served
C. had served D. has served
12. —We all ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )had a lot of fun at the barbecue yesterday. Pity you weren't there.
—I really should ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )have gone with you but I ________ on some remaining problems.
A. was working
B. would work
C. worked
D. would have worked
13. —Listen，someone is knocking at the door.
—Yes. ________ answer it.
A. I was going to
B. I'll
C. I plan to
D. I am to
14. —Isn't it amazing that I met Francis at the Christmas party 【版权所有：21教育】
—Really？For how many years ________ each other
A. didn't you see
B. haven't you seen
C. hadn't you seen
D. don't you see
15. I ________ to help you to do homework but I couldn't spare any time. I ________ a composition last night and I'll finish it today.
A. wanted；wrote
B. had wanted；was writing
C. have wanted；wrote
D. wanted；have been writing
16. Now the world ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )'s attention ________ the stocking markets，as they have great influence on the world's economy.
A. is fixing on
B. is being fixed on
C. had been fixed on
D. has fixed on
17. —I thought you were going to see your sister last weekend.
—I ________，but ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at the last minute she called me to say that she had to deal with something urgent.
A. was to have
B. was going to have
C. would like to
D. would
18. In this exper ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iment，they are woken up several times during the night，and asked to report what they ________．
A. had just been dreaming
B. are just dreaming
C. have just been dreaming
D. had just dreamt
19. —Can you give me the right answer
—Sorry，I ________．Would you repeat that question
A. hadn't listened
B. haven't listened
C. don't listen
D. wasn't listening
20. It is cer ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tain that you were in a great hurry; you ________ your jacket inside out.
A. wore
B. had worn
C. were wearing
D. are wearing
21. Food suppli ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )es in the flood－stricken area ________. We must act immediately before there's left.【来源：21cnj*y.co*m】
A. have run out
B. are running out
C. have been run out
D. are being run out
22. I won't tell the s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tudent the answer to the maths problem until he ________ on it for more than an hour.
A. will have worked
B. had worked
C. has been working
D. will have been working
23. —Jerry loves his new dog, doesn't he
—Yes, he ________ it out for a walk every day since he picked it up.
A. takes B. took
C. has taken D. has been taking
24. —Have you been to the United States
—Yes, only once. I ________ there only for seven days. 21世纪教育网版权所有
A. have stayed B. was staying
C. stayed D. had stayed
25. —I'm sorry, bu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t I don't quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20
—Sorry, I ________ myself clear. We want to return on October 20.
A. hadn't made B. wouldn't make
C. don't make D. haven't made
26. Look at ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the pride on Tom's face. He ________ to have been praised by the manager just now.
A. seemed B. seems
C. had seemed D. is seeming
27. Every ye ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ar a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money－making jobs they ________ before leaving their hometowns.
A. promised
B. were promised
C. have promised
D. have been promised
28. —Have you heard about that fire in the market
—Yes, fortunately no one ________．
A. hurt B. was hurt
C. has hurt D. had been hurt
29. The discovery ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune ________．
A. is made
B. would make
C. was to be made
D. had made
30. My mind wasn't ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )on what he was saying, so I'm afraid I ________ half of it.
A. was missing B. had missed
C. will miss D. missed
【答案】1. D　2. A　3. A　4. C　5. C　6. D　7. A　8. C
9. D　10. B　11. B　12. A　13. B　14. C　15. B　16. B
17. A　18. C　19. D　20 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). D　21. D　22. C　23. D　24. C　25. D　26. B　27. D　28. B　29. C　30. D21·世纪*教育网
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