Unit 5 Look into Science—2023-2024学年冀教版英语九年级全一册单元知识清单（学案）（含解析）

Unit 5 Look into Science
【单元学习目标】
1.语言能力：能归纳学过的语法规则；能辨识和分析常见句式的结构特征；能分析和梳理常见书面语篇的基本结构特征；能用简单的连接词建立语义联系。
2. 文化意识：能认识到有效开展跨文化沟通与交流的重要性；对具有文化多样性的活动和事物持开放心态。在人际交往中，学会处理面对陌生文化可能产生的焦虑情绪，增强跨文化沟通与交流的自信心。
3.思维品质：能提取、整理、概括稍长语篇的关键信息、主要内容、思想和观点，判断各种信息的异同和关联；能根据语篇推断人物的心理、行为动机等，推断信息之间简单的逻辑关系。
4.学习能力：对英语学习有持续的兴趣和较为明确的学习需求与目标；有积极主动的学习态度和较强的自信心。
【单元思维导图】
【单元知识梳理】
一、重点单词
experiment n. 实验，试验
jar n.罐，广口瓶
upside n. 上面，上部
pour v. 灌，注；倒
correct v. 纠正，批改
scientific adj. 科学的
method n. 方法；条理
raincoat n. 雨衣
force v. 强迫，用力推动
pressure n. 压力；压迫
conclude v. 完成，结束
holder n. 持有人；支托物
shallow adj. 浅的
lighter n. 打火机，点火器
match v.和...相配n.火柴
examine v.检查
oxygen n. 氧，氧气
telescope n. 望远镜
solar adj. 太阳的；利用太阳能的
certainly adv. 无疑，当然，必定
unless conj. 除非
double adj. 加倍的；两倍的adv. 双重地；两倍地
mystery n. 神秘的事物
biology n. 生物学；生物
butterfly n. 蝴蝶
migrate v. （使）移居，迁徙
fantastic adj. 想象中的；奇异的，异想天开的
completely adv. 完全地，彻底地
grandchild n. 孙辈
female n. 女子，雌性动（植）物
milkweed n. (植)马利筋
chemical n. 化学药品，化学制品
puzzling adj. 令人困惑的
DNA脱氧核糖核酸
blueprint n. 蓝图；计划
experience n. 经验，实践
general adj. 普遍的，全体的
practice v. 练习；实践
complex adj. 复杂的，难懂的，费解的
twin n. 双胞胎中一人，一对中的一个
environment n. 情况、环境等；自然环境
repeat v. 重复，复制，重复发生
pattern n. 模式；典范
suggest v. 建议，提议
instruction n. 操作指南；命令
identify v. 确定；识别，认出
related adj. 有关联的
granddaughter n.（外）孙女
grandson n. （外）孙
survey n. 调查
instruction n. 操作指南；命令
affect v. 影响；打动
suggest v. 建议，提议
development n. 发展，扩展
mobile phone phr. 手机
discovery n. 发现，发觉
二、重点短语
turn... upside down 把……翻转；倒过来
pour out 涌出
as long as只要
scientific method 科学方法
try out 测试,试验
take…off 把……拿开
use up 用光；用完
be made up of 由……组成
as soon as 一……就……
blow out 吹灭
solar system 太阳系
at night 在夜间，在晚上
even if 即使；纵然
in general 一般而言；通常
except for 除……之外
be related to 与……相关
billions of 数十亿计的；大量
leave out 不包括,不提及
turn... over 使……翻转
push up 向上推
push down 向下按
in place 原地；在适当的位置
三、重点句型
1. Maybe you should do this experiment outside.
2. I am so sure of my theory that Brian can do the experiment over your head and I know you won't get wet.
3. I cover the top with a piece of cardboard and hold it there.
4. It is strong enough to hold the water.
5. Because about one fifth of the air is made up of oxygen, the water rises and fills about one fifth of the jar.
6. When the candle stops burning, it has used up all the oxygen in the air.
7. Light the candle.
8. I don’t think you can find one unless you have a bigger telescope.
9. Actually, double the size of your house!
10. Well, it’s worth a try, even if I don’t find a planet.
11. In general, a blueprint is a drawing that shows how to put a house together with many different parts.
12. But building a living thing is far more complex than building a house.
13. From your DNA, scientists can identify not only you, but also people who are related to you.
14. Do you want to surprise your friends
15. Yes, science is interesting, and it affects our everyday lives.
【单元易混易错】
一、定语从句
定语从句在复合句中作定语，修饰主句中的名词或代词，被修饰的名词或者代词称为先行词，定语从句通常位于先行词之后，由关系词引导。初中阶段我们要能辨认并理解由that, which, who等关系代词引导的定语从句。which指代物，who指代人，that既可指物也可指人。that或which在从句中作宾语时可以省略。
关系代词 示例(句中斜体词为先行词)
that Bethune invented tools that/which remain in use today. We should do things (that/which) we like.
which He is reading a book which/that was written by their teacher. The film (which/that) we saw last night was wonderful.
who Helen did her best to help others in the community who/that were deaf or blind. We never really hear about all these people who/that work behind the camera.
但在下列情况下, 一般用that而不用which。
1. 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much 等不定代词时。
2. 先行词被all, little, much, every, no 等修饰时。
3. 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。
4. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。
5. 先行词为人和物的组合。
6. 主句为who, which开头的特殊疑问句。
二、分数的表达
1. 分数由分子及分母两部分构成，分子用基数词，分母用序数词。
2. 若分子为1，则分母的序数词为单数形式，若分子大于1，则分母的序数词用复数形式， 如：3/5 three fifths。
3. ＝ one (a) half 或 one second (one-second)
4. = one (a)quarter 或 one-quarter
三、I don't think you can find one unless you have a bigger telescope.
我认为你发现不了星星，除非你有一个大一点的望远镜。
本句中unless 是连词，意思是“除非，如果不”；由unless引导的条件状语从句既可以是真实条件，也可以是非真实条件。作为真实条件分句，unless通常相当于if……not。
We won’t be able to reach the top of the mountain unless the weather changes.
(=if the weather doesn’t change)
四、except和besides
1.except意为“除…之外”，后面可接名词、代词、动词、副词、介词短语或从句等。一般不用于句首。except常用在all, whole, any, every, no等词，及anything, anybody, anyone, everything, everybody, everyone等不定代词之后。
We have an English lesson every day except Sunday.
除周日外，我们每天都有英语课。
She ate everything on the plate except the carrots.
除了胡萝卜，她把盘子里的东西都吃光了。
2.besides意为“除…之外（尚有…）”，包括besides之后的内容。
Besides apples, the fruit shop also sells oranges and bananas.
这家水果店除了苹果之外，还卖橙子和香蕉。
Besides being beautiful, she is also very intelligent.
她除了漂亮，还非常聪明。
【单元对接中考】
1.【2021年云南昆明】You can't make progress in math learning _______ you work harder.
A. if B. after C. unless D. because
2.【2021年云南昆明】Scientists all over the world are _______ new medicine to fight COVID-19.
A. blowing out B. trying out C. leaving out D. keeping out
3.【2021年湖北武汉】—Do you have any new findings in the report
—Yes, we have ______ 10,000 people, and 90% of them would like to buy our new products.
A. chosen B. surveyed C. examined D. listed
4.【2021年湖北武汉】The idiom(成语) "Mengzi's mother makes three moves" tells of a mother who did all she could to provide the best ______ for her child.
A. experience B. instruction C. environment D. information
5.【2021年四川成都】___________ we continue to pull together, we'll keep winning the game.
A. As long as B. Even though C. As soon as
6.【2021年四川成都】Zhang Hong, a Chinese, is the first Asian blind climber _________ has reached the top of Qomolangma.
A. who B. whose C. which
7.【2022年内蒙古包头】—How can we go to the station？
—I _______ going in my car.
A. practise B. suggest C. invite D. introduce
8.【2022年云南】Miss Li has lots of teaching ________. She has her own ways to make classes lively and interesting.
A. exercise B. excitement C. experience D. environment
答案以及解析
1. 答案：C
解析：本题考查连词的辨析。句意: 你不可能在数学学习方面取得进步, 除非你更加努力学习。unless意为"除非, 如果不", 符合题意, 故选C。if如果; after在……之后; because因为。
2. 答案：B
解析：本题考查动词短语辨析。blow out吹灭; try out测试, 试验; leave out不包括, 不提及; keep out不进入, 留在外面。此处是说, 全世界的科学家们在测试新药, 抗击新冠肺炎, 故用trying out。
3. 答案：B
解析：本题考查动词词义辨析。根据题干中的"new findings(新的调查发现)"可知, 此处是说, 我们调查了10,000个人, 故所缺的词是surveyed"(对……)做民意调查"。choose选择; examine调查, 检查; list把……列入一览表。
4. 答案：C
解析：本题考查常识及名词词义辨析。根据常识可知, 成语"孟母三迁"讲的是孟子的母亲为了给孟子提供良好的学习环境而多次搬家的故事, 故所缺的词是environment"环境"。experience经验, 经历; instruction教导, 指导; information信息。
5. 答案：A
解析：本题考查连词的用法。根据设空后的"我们继续齐心协力"及"我们会一直赢下去"可知, As long as"只要"符合题意。
6. 答案：A
解析：本题考查定语从句中的关系代词。先行词是climber, 指人, 且关系代词在定语从句中作主语, 故所缺的词是who。
7. 答案：B
解析：本题考查动词的词义辨析。practise练习;suggest建议;invite邀请;introduce介绍。根据问句可知此处是说,我建议坐我的车去。故选B。
8. 答案：C
解析：本题考查名词词义辨析。根据题干中的"她有自己的方法使课堂变得既生动又有趣"可知, 李老师有丰富的教学经验。exercise锻炼; excitement兴奋; experience经验; environment环境。故选C。
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