2024届高三英语二轮专题定语从句讲解课件(共18张PPT)

(共18张PPT)
语 法---定 语 从 句
1.基本概念
定语从句: 在复合句中起形容词作用, 作定语, 修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
先行词: 被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
关系词: 连接先行词和从句的词叫关系词。
关系代词 关系副词
先行词 作主语 作宾语 作定语 作表语 作状语
指人 who / that who / that / whom / 不填 whose that/不填 when、where、why
2.关系词及用法
关系词: 在从句中作主语、宾语、定语、表语
关系代词的用法：
1）先行词指人，关系代词在从句中作主语，用who、that
例：This is the doctor _____________saved the boy’s life.
2）先行词指人，关系代词在从句中作宾语，用who、that、whom或不填
例：She is the new student ________________________I want to introduce to you.
3）先行词指物，关系代词在从句中作主语，用that、which
例：The train _______________________has just left is for Hefei.
4）先行词指物，关系代词在从句中作宾语，用that、which或不填
例：The novel ______________________Tom bought is very interesting.
who/that
who/that/whom/不填
that/which
that/which/不填
关系代词的用法：
5）先行词指人和物，关系代词在从句中作宾定语，用whose
例：I want to help the children __________ parents died in the earthquake.
It was a meeting ___________ importance I did not realize at that time.
6）先行词指人和物，关系代词在句中作表语，只用that或不填
例：He is no longer the man __________he used to be.
This is no longer the dirty place ___________ it used to be.
whose
whose
that/不填
that/不填
重难点1: “whose+名词中心词”这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语，又能作宾语；既可指人，也可以指具体事物或抽象概念。
“whose+n”可以与of whom/which 结构互换
有不同次序，即“whose+n=the +n+of which/whom=of which/whom+the +n”
例如：They came to a house whose back wall had broken down.
(whose back wall=__________________________=__________________________)
the back wall of which of which the back wall
重难点2：只用that不用which的5种情况
1.当先行词是all、much、everything、anything、nothing、little、none等不定代词时；
eg: She told me the everything ____________ she knew.
2.当先行词被all、no、few、any、little、some、much、the last、the very、the only等修饰时；
eg: I have read all the books ___________ were borrowed from others.
3.当先行词是序数词或形容词最高级，或者被序数词和形容词最高级修饰时；
eg: This is the most exciting football game ____________ I have ever seen.
4.当先行词既有人又有物时；
eg: I can remember well the persons and some pictures _____________ I saw in the room.
5.当先行词是以who/which开头的疑问句时；
eg: Which is the bike ______________ you lost
that
that
that
that
that
关系副词的用法：
1.when表时间，在定语从句中作时间状语，先行词通常有time、day、morning、night、week、year 等。
例：I still remember the time ___________ I first became a college student.
Do you know the date __________ Lincoln was born
注意: 当occasion表示“(特定的)时刻”，即抽象意义的“时间”时，关系副词用 when
如: Describe an occasion when you had to give a presentation to the audience.
when
when
2.where 指地点，在定语从句中作地点状语，先行词通常有place、spot、street、house、room、city、town、 country等。
例：This is the hotel ___________they are staying.
I forget the house ____________ the Smiths lived.
注意:当point、situation、case、condition、stage(阶段)等作先行词表达“情况，境地，场合”等抽象意义的地点时，关系副词用where。
如:We were put into a position where we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government. .
where
where
3.why: 指原因或理由，它的先行词只有reason。
例：That is the reason __________ he is leaving so soon.
why
重点：三个关系副词在意义上都相当于“介词+which”结构。
when = on (in, at, during...) + which
where = in (at, on...)+ which
why = for which
例：I was in Beijing on the day when (=______________) he arrived.
例：The office where (=_______________) he works is on the third floor.
例：This is the chief reason why (=__________________) we did it.
【识记指导】介词后只能跟which；介词根据动词与先行词的搭配来选择。
on which
in which
for which
当先行词是表示时间的time、day等和表示地点的place、house等时，一定要注意分析关系词在从句中所充当的成分。
I’ll never forget the day ___________ my hometown was liberated.
I’ll never forget the days ___________ we spent together last summer.
His father works in a factory ____________radio parts are made.
His father works in a factory ____________ makes radio parts.
when 和where既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句；而why只能引导限制性定语从句
that/which
when
where
that/which
3.定语从句的分类
限制性定语从句：与先行词的关系密切；不使用逗号与主句分开；可以用that和why来引导；做宾语时能省略；只修饰先行词，不可修饰整个句子或句子的一部分；
例：This is the doctor who saved the boy’s life.
非限制性定语从句：与先行词的关系不密切（是一种补充说明）；一般使用逗号与主句分开；不能用that和why来引导；做宾语时不能省略；可修饰整个句子或句子的一部分；
例: Her daughter, who is in Boston, is coming here.
例: Peter drove too fast, which was dangerous.
重难点：只用which不用that的情况
1.当关系代词前有介词时；
eg: I am looking for a box in__________ I can put all these eggs.
2.引导非限制性定语从句时；
eg: Peter drove too fast, ____________ was dangerous.
3.当限制性定语从句中有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词是that时；
eg: Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library __________ was newly open.
which
which
which
补充重难点：宜用who不用that的情况
1.当先行词是指人的不定代词，如anyone、no one、nobody、anybody等
eg: Is there anyone in your class ____________ is good at dancing
2.当在there be句型中，先行词指人时；
eg: There is a young lady ______________ is in a state of shock.
3.当先行词是people、those时；
eg: People ____________ want to travel abroad should apply for a passport first.
4.当一个句子中有2个定语从句且先行词都指人，而且其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that时；
eg: The boy that you met last night is the group leader ____________studies very hard.
who
who
who
who
1.Dr. Rowan, _________ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
2.Understanding her good intentions , I eat all the food _______ provided by Mum with appreciation.
3.The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed the core collection of the British Museum ________ opened in 1759.
4.If you look at all sides of the situation , you'll find probably a solution _______ suits everyone.
5.With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid ______ would enjoy public speaking.
6.What you need is a great teacher _______ lets you make mistakes.
课后习题
whose
that
which
that
who
who
7. Barbara is easy to recognise as she's the only one of the women _____ wears evening dress.
8. The writer and his novel________ you have just talked about are really well-known.
9. There is no success without hard work; success is something _______ is only earned after much effort.
10. She is the teacher from _______ I have borrowed this dictionary.
11. The thought of going back home was all ______kept him happy while he was working abroad.
12. The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those ______ lives were affected.
13. I have seen most of the greatest buildings ______ are famous in the world on the Internet.
that
that
thatv
whom
that
whose
that
二、用关系代词引导的定语从句合并下列句子
1.I have a friend. He likes listening to classical music.
____________________________________________________________________________
2.Last week Mary wore the dress. I gave it to her.
____________________________________________________________________________
3.They live in a room. Its window faces south.
____________________________________________________________________________
4.She wants to visit the village. Her mother likes it best.
____________________________________________________________________________
5.The writer is very famous in our city. We met her yesterday.
____________________________________________________________________________
I have a friend who likes listening to classical music.
Last week Mary wore the dress that gave it to her.
They live in a room whose window faces south.
She wants to visit the village that Her mother likes it best.
The writer who we met her yesterdayis very famous in our city.