(共13张PPT)
高考英语中的复合句(4)
by Ada
定语从句 Attributive Clause
01
定义:
在复合句中起形容词作用,作定语,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
02
先行词:
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
03
关系词:
连接先行词和从句的词叫关系词。
注意:
关系词指代先行词,并在句子起连接作用,连接主句和从句,同时又在定语从句中充当成分(主、宾、表、状等)
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定语从句 Attributive Clause
关系词根据其在从句中所充当的成分可以分为:
在从句中做 主、宾、表、定(that/which/who/whom/whose/as)
关系代词:
在从句中作状语 (When/where/why)
关系副词:
先行词 关系代词 在从句中 成分 例句
人 who Everyone (who knew him) liked him.
人 whom The girl (whom I saw) told me to come today.
物 which The car (which I hired) broke down.
先行词
关系词who在从句中作主语
先行词
关系词whom在从句中作宾语
先行词
关系词which在从句中作宾语
认识他的人都喜欢他。
我见到的那个姑娘叫我今天来。
我租的车坏了。
主、宾、表
宾
主、宾、表
先行词 关系代词 在从句中 成分 例句
人/物 that I’d like to see the films (that are just on show).
人/物 whose The bike (whose brake was damaged) has
now been repaired.
人/物 as This is the same book (as I lost yesterday).
先行词
关系词that在从句中作主语
先行词
关系词whose在从句中作定语。
先行词
关系词as在从句中作宾语
我想看那些刚上映的电影。
那辆坏了闸的自行车现在已经修好了。
这本书与我昨天丢失的那本书一样。
主、宾、表
定语
主、宾、表
先行词 关系副词 在从句中 成分 例句
时间 when At the time (when I saw him), he was strong.
地点 where This is the village (where I was born).
原因 why I know the reason (why she studies so well).
先行词
关系词when在从句中作时间状语
先行词
关系词where在从句中作地点状语。
先行词
关系词why在从句中作原因状语
以前我看到他的时候,他很强壮。
这是我出生的村子。
我知道她学习好的原因。
时间
状语
地点
状语
原因
状语
选出正确的关系词填空,分析句子结构并翻译。
1.This music brought us back to the days ( we played happily together
near the river).
2.Those ( want to go to the cinema) will have to wait at the gate of the school.
3.There are many reasons English is so widely used around the world.
4.Dr. Brown is a senior professor views are widely respected.
这音乐使我们回想起我们在河边快乐地玩耍的日子。
那些想去看电影的人必须在学校门口等候。
英语在世界范围内被广泛使用有很多原因。
布朗博士是一位资深教授,他的观点受到广泛尊重。
when
who
why
whose
关系副词when在从句中作时间状语
关系代词who在从句中作主语
关系副词why在从句中作原因状语
关系代词whose在从句中作定语
关系词选择的特殊情况:
This is the bank in which the robbery happened.
这是那所发生抢劫案的银行。
1.只能用which,不能用that的情况
(1)在介词后只用which,不能用that。
(2)先行词本身是that时,只能用which,不能用that。
The clock is that which tells the time.
钟表是用来报时的。
(3)在非限制定语从句中,只用which,不用that。
He has passed the driving test, which surprises all of us.
他通过了驾驶考试,这使我们都很惊讶。
关系词选择的特殊情况:
This is the most beautiful mountain that I have seen.
这是我所见过的最美丽的山。
2.只用that不用which的情况
(1)先行词被形容词最高级修饰时只能用that。
(2)先行词被序数词修饰时只能用that。
The first English novel that I read was Thirty-nine Steps.
我读的第一本英文小说是《39级台阶》。
(3)先行词前有 the only, the very, the last,few, little, no,等修饰词时只能用that。
This is the only book that I like.
这是我唯一喜欢的一本书。
关系词选择的特殊情况:
Finally, the thief handed in everything that he had stolen.
最后小偷交出了他所偷的东西。
2.只用that不用which的情况
(4)先行词是everything, something, all, none, much, 等不定代词时,只能用that。
(5)先行词同时含有“人”和“物”的名词时,只能用that。
I can remember the people and some pictures that I saw in the room.
我能记得我在房间里看到的人和一些图画。
(6)当先行词在主句中作表语,而关系代词也在从句中作表语,只能用that。
My hometown is no longer the place that it used to be.
我的家乡已经不是过去那样了。
关系词选择的特殊情况:
Which is the bike that you lost
哪辆是你丢的自行车?
2.只用that不用which的情况
(7)在以which或who引导的疑问句后,只能用that。
Who is the person that is standing at the gate
站在门口的那个人是谁?
选出正确的关系词填空并翻译。
1.They talked about the schools and teachers they had visited.
2.He works in a factory, at the back of there is a river.
3.She said she would do anything could help her mother recover from the disease.
4.That is the only thing he has in his pocket.
他们谈到了他们参观过的学校和拜访过的老师。
他在一家工厂工作,工厂后面有一条河。
她说她会做任何能帮助母亲从疾病中恢复的事情。
那是他口袋里唯一的东西。
that
which
that
that
谢谢观看