Unit 13 We’re trying to save the earth!学案（4课时）

初三英语Unit 13 Section A（1a-2d）学案
1. Phrases:
在……的底部_____________________ 充满，布满___________________
把……扔进……____________________ 关闭工厂 ____________________
打扫 _______________________ 扮演角色，起作用_________________________
噪音污染_____________________ 把……变成……___________________
对……产生影响或作用____________________
2. It’s good for health and it doesn’t cost anything! 它对身体有好处并且不会花费任何东西。辨析：spend, cost, take, pay
花费 主语 表示的内容
spend 人 宾语可以是钱、精力、时间等。
cost 物或事 后接life, money, health, time等，侧重于“花费”的代价。
take 事或人 它说明事情完成“花费了……”。
pay 人 意思是“支付”，作为及物动词，宾语可以是“人”、“钱”
pay for 人 宾语为“物”、“事”，for表示支付的原因
【小试牛刀】单项选择
① —Do you take exercise every day —Yes. I always ___thirty minutes after supper.[www.z^z&s@tep*.co~m]
A. spend B. cost C. take D. pay
② I _________ $300 for the bike. A. took B. spent C. cost D. paid
③ The interesting book _____ me 10 yuan. A. spent B. took C. paid D. cost
3. To cut down air pollution, we should take the bus or subway instead of driving. 为了减少空气污染，我们应该乘坐公共汽车或者地铁，而不是开车。
cut down 意为“减少”；是“动词+副词”结构的短语，所带的宾语为名词时，宾语可位于down的前面或后面；为代词时，只能位于down前面。
You’d better cut the article down to about 2,000 words. 你最好能把这篇文章压到两千字左右。
cut off 切断；切除
cut into 把……切成……
cut up 切碎
cut in 插队
【拓展】 cut down 还可表示“砍倒”的意思。
They cut down the big tree. 他们砍倒了这棵大树。
【小试牛刀】单项选择
①—Did you tell it to Jack
—Yes, but we were ____ in the middle of our telephone conversation.
A. cut down B. cut off C. cut up D. cut into [中国%~教育*&出版@
② We must do something useful to ____ pollution. A. cut off B. cut up[来~*源:中&国教育出版网C. cut down D. cut in [来@^%~源
【达标训练】
Ⅰ. 用方框中所给词的适当形式填空。
cost, wood, coal, bottom, litter
1. Don’t throw _____ (垃圾) everywhere. [中%@#国教^育*出版网] 2. In winter, many people burn ____ (煤) to keep warm.
3. The police found a body at the ____ (底部) of the lake. 4. The _____ (费用) of living in big cities is very high.
5. He keeps a rabbit in a big ____ (木制的) box.
II. 单项选择。
1. He ____ go out with his parents, but now he ____ staying at home alone.
A. used to; is used to B. is used to; used to C. use to; is used to D. is used to; is used to
2. Smoking can _____ lung cancer. You’d better give it up.
A. work on B. lead to [来源:@zzst*ep.%com^#]C. take away D. put out
3. —What are the _____ of bike riding —It can help cut down air pollution. [来源:&中%国教育出^版~网@]
A. advantages B. reasons C. results D. ideas
III. 根据汉语提示完成下面的句子。
1. 多一个人少一个人无所谓。 One person wouldn’t _____ ______ _______.
2. 这个木箱时装满了书。The _______ box _______ ________ ________ books.
3. 不健康的饮食对这种疾病的传播起一定的作用。
Unhealthy foods _______ ________ ________ _______ the spread of the disease.
4. 这条小路通向公园。The path ______ _______ the park.
5. 我错拿了你的包。I took your bag _______ ________ mine by mistake.
初三英语Unit 13 Section A（3a-4c）学案
1. Phrases:
一碗鱼翅粥_____________________ 切除，切断___________________
对……是有害的____________________ 在……顶部 ____________________
食物链 _______________________ 濒临危险_________________________
参加_____________________ 帮助（走出困境）___________________
支付得起____________________ 关掉电灯___________________
付费，付出代价____________________ 采取行动____________________
2. Have you ever taken part in an environmental project 你曾经参加过环境保护活动吗？
辨析：join, join in 和take part in
join 加入组织，团体，党派等，有作为其中的一个成员的含义。
后面也可以加表示人的名词，表示和某人一起参加某活动。
join in 加入一种具体活动。
take part in 指参加会议或群众性活动等，着重说明句子主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用。
Will you join us in the discussion 你参加我们的讨论吗？
She joined the Young Pioneers. 她加入了少先队。 [来源~:zzs*^te@%p.com]
Why didn't you join in the talk last night 昨晚你为什么没参加座谈？
Did you take part in the sports meet 你参加运动会了吗？
【小试牛刀】单项选择。
① —Have you _____ a club —Yes, I’m in a swimming club and I often _____ the swimming training.
A. joined; take part in B. joined; join [w@w*w.z^z&sC. taken part in; join D. taken part in; join in [来#源:z~zstep*. Co
& m %]② —We’re going for a picnic. Would you like to____ us —Why not Let’s go!
A. attend B. join C. join in D. take part in
③—Are you going to _____ any of the events —Yes. Maybe long jump and high jump.
A. take part in B. join C. attend D. join in
3. We can’t afford to wait any longer to take action! 我们不能再等了，要采取行动了。
① afford是动词，意为“买得起,担负得起”，通常与can, could, be able to连用,多用于否定句中。[来源*:中^%国教#育出版网&]
They couldn’t afford $50 for a ticket. 他们拿不出50美元买一张票。
② afford后面常跟带to的动词不定式。
We can’t afford to go abroad this summer. 今年夏天我们没有足够的钱出国。
【小试牛刀】单项选择。[中国教%育出版@#~&网]
①Miss Taylor never wastes money on anything too expensive, even though she can _____to. She has donated much of the money she saved to charities. A. afford B. allow C. remind D. pay
. ②I can’t afford ____ him an expensive birthday present. [来源:*&中国教~育#出版网@]A. to buy B. buying C. for buying D. buy
4. The method is not only cruel, but also harmful to the environment. 这种方法不仅残酷，而且对环境也有害。[来*源:%@中~教^网]
harmful 形容词，意为“有害的”。常构成短语be harmful to “对……有害的”。[来源:z#z~step&.co%m*]
Staying up often is harmful to your health. 经常熬夜对你的健康有害。
【拓展】
harm 名词，意为“害处”。常用构成短语do harm to “对……有害”，相当于be harmful to.
Too much smoking does harm to his health. = Too much smoking is harmful to his health. 吸烟过多对他的健康有害。
【小试牛刀】改为同义句。
Reading in the sun does harm to our eyes. =Reading in the sun _____ ______ ______ our eyes.
【达标训练】
I. 用方框中词的适当形式完成下面的句子。
method, cruel, harmful, afford, law
1. I think it’s ____ to make such a young boy work all day.
2. The poor fisherman can’t _____ his children’s education.
3. I think the government must develop _____ to protect environment.
4. Eating too much junk food is ____ your health.
5. He can use different _____ to work out the problem.
II. 单项选择。
1. —Remember to ____ the lights when you leave the room. —OK. I will.
A. turn on B. turn down[w#ww.zz*@^~] C. turn up D. turn off
2. The girl always has some money to ___ snacks. A. spend B. pay for C. take D. cost
3. —Look! _____ boys are playing on the playground. —Yes. _____ them is about 200. [www.*zz%step.#c~o^m]
A. The number of; A number of B. The number of; The number of
C. A number of; the number of D. A number of; A number of [中国教#育出^@版网*&]
III. 根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. 我们必须采取行动来阻止他们。We must ______ _______ to stop them.[来源:中国%*教育~^出@版网]
2. 我从没听说过这个人。I have never _______ ________ such a man.
3. 我们乐意尽力帮你摆脱困境。[www.zz&ste@*^]We are glad to do what we can do ______ _______ ________.
4. 到目前为止，我已经交了二十个朋友。_______ _______, I have made twenty friends. [来%^~&源#:中教网]
5. 实际上，她从没去过那儿。______ ________, she has never been there.
初三英语Unit 13 Section B（1a-2e）学案
1. Phrases:
扔掉_____________________ 好好利用___________________
用……建造，制作____________________ 拆下 ____________________
恢复 _______________________ 上下颠倒_________________________
创立一个网站_____________________ 因……而闻名___________________
不但，而且____________________
2. And the gate in front of her house is made of rocks and old glass bottles. 她房子的前门是由岩石和旧玻璃瓶子制成的。
【辨析】be made + 介词
be made of “某物由……制造而成”（从制成品中可以看出原材料）
be made from “某物由……制造而成”（从制成品中一般看不出或难以分辨出原材料）。
be made in “某物由某地制造”
be made by “某物由某个人或集体制造而成”，其中介词by用来强调动作的执行者。
be made into 某种原料制成某物
be made up of 某物由……组成或构成
【小试牛刀】单项选择。[中国^&教育*%~出版网]
Books are made _____ paper and paper is made _____ wood.[w^ww&.zz*%#]
A. from, of B. of, from
C. in, from D. from, in
3. Not only can the art bring happiness to others, but it also shows that even cold, hard iron
can be brought back to life with a little creativity. 不仅艺术品能给人们带来快乐，而且冰冷坚硬的钢铁在艺术创作下也恢复了生命。
“not only … but also …”是一个并列连词词组，其意思基本等于“both … and …”。
使用not only … but also … 时须注意的几点：[来@源%#:^中教网&]
⑴ not only与but also后面所连接的词的词性必须对等：
They completed the project not only punctually but also perfectly. 他们不仅准时完成工程，而且完成得很出色。
⑵ not only只能连用，而but also既可连用，也可分开用：
Television is not only boring, but it also wastes a lot of time. 电视不仅乏味，而且还浪费许多时间。
⑶谓语动词的数应与but also后主语的数保持一致：
Not only you but also Mr. Zhang teaches in this college. 不仅你，张老师也在此学院教书。
⑷ not only放在句首，后接句子时要用倒装结构：[来源~:*%中@国教育出版#网]
Not only had the poor man been fined, but also he had been sent to prison. 这个可怜的人不仅被罚款，而且还被送进了监狱。[来源:zzs%t&ep~.#co@m]
【小试牛刀】单项选择。
1. This is my twin sister, Lucy. Not only she but also I ___ good at drawing. A. is B. am C. are D. was
【达标训练】
I. 用方框中单词的适当形式完成下面的句子。
recycle, gate, bottle, president, work
1. Mr. Wang is the _____ of the company. 2. The young man likes Lu Xun’s ______.
3. Could you please give me a ____ of water 4. Tom! Someone is waiting for you at the school _____.
5. We should _____ garbage, not burn it.
II. 单项选择。
1. —Your coat looks nice. —It’s made ____ cotton. And it was made ____ Shanghai.
A. in; by B. from; by C. by; in D. of; in
2. —____ he ____ I have been to Beijing. —Really When did you do there
A. Not only; but also B. Neither; nor C. Either; or D. Too; to
3. The old city walls are dangerous. So they will be _____ soon.
A. pulled down B. pulled out[中~&国^教育#出*版网]C. pulled over D. pulled off
4. The old man built himself a house ____ wood. A. out of B. in to C. to use D. in for
5. They decided to ____ a small business to make some money. A. set up B. put up C. take up D. go up
III. 根据汉语提示完成句子。
1. 她扔掉了昨天的报纸。She ______ _______ yesterday’s newspaper.
2. 我在新的工作中充分地利用了我的经验。I ___ my experience ______ _______ _______ in my new work.
3. 请别将杯子倒置。Please don’t turn the cup ________ ________.
4. 这些照片唤起了我美好的回忆。The photos ________ ________ lots of good memories. [www%.^zz#step.co&m*]
5. 杭州以龙井茶而闻名。Hangzhou is well ________ _________ its Longjing Tea.
初三英语Unit 13 Section B（3a-self check）学案
1. Which parts need to be improved 哪些部分需要被改善？
辨析：need to be done; need doing与need to do
⑴ need doing=need to be done 需要被…现在分词doing表被动“需要被做”，相当于need to be done。
My watch needs repairing. =My watch needs to be repaired.我的表需要修了。
⑵ need后加不定式，证明need为实义动词，而非情态动词，这时need有人称和数的变化。
He needs to get up early. 他需要早起。
【小试牛刀】单项选择。[来#@源*:zzste^p.com~]
① Something is wrong with my car. It needs _____. A. repair B. to repair C. repairing D. to be repair
② My alarm clock doesn’t work. It needs ______. A. to be repaired B. repair C. to repair D. for repairing
③ My hair needs cutting.= My hair needs ______ ______ _______.
2. What or who is causing these problems 什么或谁将会导致这些问题？
cause用作动词，当“引起，造成，使得”讲。一般指引起或造成不好的结果。
cause sb. sth.= cause sth. to sb.(后接间接宾语+直接宾语)为固定用法。 [中^国教*~育&%出版网]
He caused his parents much trouble.= He caused much trouble to his parents. 他给父母带来很多烦恼。
【小试牛刀】改为同义句。
① It caused him lots of worries. =It caused lots of worries ____ him.
② His death was _____ by a high fever. A. spread B. caused C. got D. showed
【语法点拨】
本单元复习现在进行时、used to句型、被动语态、现在完成时和情态动词。
现在进行时
（1）含义：表示正在发生或进行的动作。
（2）基本结构：
主语 + be + 现在分词（be 的形式随主语的变化而变化）
（3）基本用法：
①表示现在正在进行的动作。特征：常常与now或具体的时间连用，有时句中会有感官动词来提示，或通过上下文来暗示。
②表示现阶段一直进行的动作。这类动词常常是延续性动词。常于at present, this week, these days等连用。[来~#源:中国教&育出^版%网]
③表示主语的特征、性格、能力等。
现在完成时
（1）含义：表示过去发生的动作对现在还有影响。
（2）基本结构：主语 + have / has + 过去分词[www.z%#z&ste^]
（3）基本用法：[来源:中国教&育出版网@~%#]
①表示过去发生的动作，但强调对现在产生影响。特征：不能与表示具体的时间状语连用。
②表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态一直延续到现在，还可能继续下去。常常与since, for, in the past + 时间名词，in the last +时间名词等时间状语连用，而且谓语动词要求是延续性动词。
③表示一种“经历或体验”，即可以表示经历过也可以是从来都没有经历过。
被动语态
初中阶段我们学习了七种被动结构，归纳如下：
（1）一般现在时是被动语态：am / is / are + 过去分词[中国#教^@育*出版网&]
（2）现在完成时的被动式： have / has + been + 过去分词
（3）现在进行时的被动式：am/ is/ are + being + 过去分词[来源:zzs@tep.c^o%&#m]
（4）一般过去时的被动式：was / were + 过去分词
（5）过去进行时的被动式：was / were + being + 过去分词[中^国&%教#育出版网*]
（6）过去完成时的被动式：had + been + 过去分词[www~.z*zstep.c@#om^]
（7）一般将来时的被动式：will / be going to be+ 过去分词
（8）含有情态动词的被动式：
情态动词+be +动词的过去分词。
情态动词
情态动词表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度，如认为“可能”、“应当”、“必要”等。情态动词本身有一定的意义，但不能单独作谓语，也没有人称和数的变化。后面一般跟动词原形。
used to 结构
used to意为“过去常常做某事”，指的是过去的习惯性动作，目的在于与现在形成对照。used to是个情态动词，其中的to是不定式符号，后面跟动词原形。在美式英语中。它的疑问式是：Did ＋主语＋use to do sth．？否定式是：主语＋didn't use．．。在英式英语中，它的疑问式应当是：Used ＋主语＋to sth．？否定式应当是used not to或use（d）n't to。
He used to stay up late. 他过去常熬到很晚。
【实战演练】
I. 用所给词的适当形式填空。
1. The old man used _____ (be) a teacher. 2. We should ____ (clean) the room every day. [www.z%@^z~step.co*m]
3. Look! Tom ____ (sleep) in his room. 4. Lots of trees ____ (plant) on the hill every year.
5. He _____ (live) here for 20 years. 6. My grandfather lives in a _________ (wood) house.
7. She has a very __________ (science) way to deal with political problems.
8. Have you heard that some people _______ (send) to Mars in a few years
9. Please say “I’m here” when your name _________ (call).
10. The stories ___________ (invent) by eight-and nine-year-olds are very interesting.
11. They want to show people the ____________ (important) of environmental protection.
12. The old man sells old things _________ (raise) money for the homeless children.
13. Snow is an __________ (usual) sight in that warm country.
14. There are lots of tall ____________ (build) on both sides of the road.
15. I believe an important moment like this should _______________ (not forget).
II. 单项选择。
1. He promised to pick me up at the school gate. However, he _____ yet.
A. didn’t arrive B. doesn’t arrive C. isn’t arriving D. hasn’t arrived
2. Ba Jin, one of the greatest writers in China, ___ as “People’s Writer”.
A. is regarded B. has regarded C. is regarding D. regards
3. —Where is Tom —He ______ in his room. A. is reading B. reads C. read D. was reading
4. —May I go out now, Dad — No. You _____ let your mother know first. A. can B. may C. need D. must
5. Her son _______ Coke, but now he ________ milk.
A. used to drink ; is used to drinking B. used to drinking ; drinks
C. is used to drinking ; used to drink D. is used to drink ; is drinking
6. --- __ you come with me to lang Lang’s piano concert this evening -- I’d love to, but I have to study for my math test.
A. Should B. May C. Must D. Can
7. ___ Lin Fang has to work late, she always wears a smile on her face. A. Because B. If C. Until D. Though
8. --- Tell me one thing you’re proud of in your junior high school, Tony. – I ___ as captain of the school football team.
A. choose B. chose C. am chosen D. was chosen
9. --- Look, my father bought me a new iPad. --- I don’t think we need too many expensive things even though our parents can ______ them. A. allow B. expect C. afford D. keep
10. A true friend can see the pain in your eyes ____ everyone else believes the smile on your face.
A. while B. because C. before D. until
III. 翻译句子。
1. 你给他们的钱将会被好好利用。 The money you gave them will _______ ________ ________ ______ _______.
2. 这些照片总是使我想起一些美好的回忆。These pictures always ________ _______ _______ some great memories.
3. 他们已经设法拆毁了那栋旧建筑。 They have managed to ________ __________ the old building.
4. 不要扔掉你的旧书，给我吧。 Don’t ________ _________ your old books. Give them to me.
5. 她甜美的声音对我们有很大的影响。Her sweet voice _________ __________ __________ to us.
6. 他上周花3000美元买了一辆旧汽车。An old car __________ _________ 3000 dollars last week.
7. 为减少空气污染，我们应该乘公共汽车或地铁，而不是开车。
________ ________ ________ air pollution, we should take the bus or subway ________ ________ ________.
8. 学生们应该好好利用上课时间。The children should ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ _______ in class.