2024外研版高中英语选择性必修第二册同步练习--Unit 5 Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas（答案与解析）
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2024外研版高中英语选择性必修第二册同步
Unit 5 A delicate world
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Several safety accidents and (事件) related to campus safety have occurred recently in a number of places.
2.The roof of the house (倒坍) under the weight of snow after the heavy snowfall yesterday.
3.World Oceans Day is aimed at raising awareness of ocean (保护).(2022全国甲)
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.The United Nations estimates that by 2050, the population of European countries will decrease from 0.72 billion 0.63 billion.
2.As we can see, the public have a strong appetite this matter.
3.They (subsequent) heard that he had left the country after working there for 5 years.
4.The eye-catching advertisements will trap us buying things that we actually don’t need.
5.A few days after our (depart) from the camp, our car was well and truly stuck in the mud.
6.Wind energy production (multiply) over the last decades.
7.They found very difficult but meaningful to learn Sichuan Opera.
Ⅲ.选词填空
in harmony with; turn out; once and for all; out of control
The IUCN (世界自然保护联盟) Red List of Threatened Species is the “gold standard” for measuring how close animal and plant species are to dying out. Once the ecology gets 1. , many species may be in danger. Only if we actively participate in the natural protection and make joint efforts can we achieve ultimate health by living 2. nature. In the past few years, it has 3. that our efforts work well. In the future maybe we will solve the problem 4. .
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.俗话说,“入乡随俗”。
, “Do in Rome as the Romans do.”
2.几年前,因为一个误会,我和一个朋友吵了一架。(owe)
Years ago, I had a quarrel with a friend .(读后续写—情节描写)
3.在今天的英国,茶仍然是日常生活的一大部分,但是似乎正在减少。(decrease)
Tea is still a large part of daily life in the UK today, but .
4.You don’t know what to do now. I don’t know, either. (句式升级:部分倒装)
→You don’t know what to do now; .
5.这部影片结果大获成功。(一句多译:turn out)
①The film a great success.
② the film was a great success.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Macquarie Island is a beautiful and 1 (harmony) place. However, in 1810, humans arrived on the island, unknowingly 2 (bring) rats and mice. The small animals ate birds’ eggs and attacked baby birds. People brought cats 3 (control) them, but they developed an appetite for the birds, too. People also regarded rabbits as food, but they multiplied so rapidly 4 they led to soil erosion. The rabbits supplied enough food to the cats, 5 caused more cats. To control the rabbits, a virus 6 (release) onto the island, which caused the rabbit population to decrease rapidly. As 7 result, the food was less for the cats, so they started to eat the birds again. In the 1980s, people used dogs and 8 (trap) to catch them. The rats and mice began to increase. Their population 9 (explode) again. To solve the problem 10 (complete), people dropped poison on the island and removed all the invading species. In 2014, the island’s ecology started to recover.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2023吉林省吉林市期中)
China has seen significant achievements in improving the environment and green development over the past 70 years, especially in fighting against desertification(沙漠化).
Desertification was a serious problem in the 1990s. It caused deadly sandstorms, which arrived like vast black walls reaching up into the sky. As we all know, clear water and lush (繁茂的) mountains are rare assets (资产). Efforts to create “green” areas have played a crucial role in the country’s fight against desertification.
A series of campaigns have been conducted by the central government to improve the environment. For example, in 1998, China launched the Natural Forest Protection Program. Owing to the program, forest coverage in China increased greatly from 12 percent in the 1980s to about 23 percent last year.
Another example of the campaign is the Elion Resources Group, which has been recognized by the UN for the development of a desert eco-industry that has slowed desertification.
In Kubuqi, a desert in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, Elion has greened 600,000 hectares of land and helped lift more than 102,000 people out of poverty through the development of solar energy and tourism, as well as planting herbs for traditional Chinese medicine.
In addition, the group’s techniques have also been used in many important ecological programs, including the Yangtze River Ecological Park and Qilian Mountain National Park.
“We will develop new ways to improve our ability to control the sand with the help of modern technologies, such as drones (无人机), AI, big data and the Internet of Things,” said Ao Baoping, chief executive officer of Elion Green Land Technology.
1.What is the key measure to fight against desertification
A.Building walls to block sands.
B.Increasing green plants.
C.Turning to the UN for help.
D.Keeping mountains natural.
2.What is the effect of the Natural Forest Protection Program
A.The environment in China has become satisfactory.
B.Similar new campaigns will be carried out by China.
C.No more trees need to be planted in our country.
D.More areas in China are covered with forest.
3.What do we know about the Elion Resources Group according to the passage
A.Its main aim was to lift local people out of poverty.
B.It made Kubuqi become a center for planting herbs.
C.It got inspiration from many ecological programs.
D.It will apply modern technologies to fight desertification.
4.What is a suitable title for the passage
A.Desert Clothed with Green Through China’s Efforts
B.Environmental Problems Solved by Planting More Trees
C.Great Contributions Made by Elion to the Environment
D.Advanced Science and Technology Applied in China
B
(2022辽宁本溪市高级中学调研)
The Tibet autonomous region has placed nearly half its land area under the strictest ecological supervision (监督). It was announced at an annual meeting of the regional people’s congress, which was kicked off on Wednesday.
The ecological conservation area, which covers more than 539,000 square kilometers, makes up 45 percent of the region’s area, and 22 ecological reserves have been built and are operational.
According to the government work report, the rate of days with good air quality in Tibet’s cities has reached 99.4 percent, and all the region’s drinking water sources have been up to standard.
The report also said that the number of Tibetan antelopes (藏羚羊) in the habitat of the region has multiplied to more than 200,000, wildlife species to 1,072 and endangered black-necked cranes to more than 8,000. Five rare new species have been discovered in recent years. The region has spent 12.2 billion yuan on ecological protection projects in recent years. Five cities and three counties have been named as national-level ecologically civilized model cities and counties, and more rural residents have benefited financially by undertaking part-time ecological protection work.
More advanced monitoring facilities have been in place in the reserves, with more ecological protection inspectors employed to undertake protection work. The professional ecological inspectors are provided with basic tools such as motorcycles, telescopes and paging receivers, and they provide feedback regularly. Professional inspectors also receive one week of training every year from professors at Tibet University.
Kunsang Darje, a railway maintenance worker in Nagchu, said that apart from maintaining the railway and highway, he also collects trash along the section with his colleagues. “The place I work in is in high altitude no-man’s-land, and I think it’s very important to protect the animals there without affecting them with human activities, and we are also bound to take responsibility there,” he said.
5.Which of the following is the positive effect of Tibet’s ecological protection
A.Larger protection areas.
B.Numerous rare new species.
C.More days with quality air.
D.Global capital investments.
6.What happens in Tibet by doing ecological protection work
A.Protection inspectors can employ other people.
B.Protection inspectors are supplied with cars.
C.Tibet’s rural residents can get annual training.
D.Tibet’s rural residents can earn extra money.
7.What can be inferred from Kunsang Darje’s words
A.He asks his colleagues not to litter everywhere.
B.He attaches importance to raising animals there.
C.He keeps the railway and highway in good condition.
D.He has a sense of duty to protect animals there.
8.What is the main idea of the text
A.The ecological situation in Tibet has been totally improved.
B.Almost half Tibetan land has been ecologically supervised.
C.Many more operational ecological reserves have been built.
D.More Tibetan protection inspectors have been employed.
Ⅲ.七选五
(2023湖南永州四中期中)
In the animal kingdom, parents adopt babies that aren’t their own, and that are even other species. Why do they do it
For foster (收养的) parents, there are vast costs, with no promise of passing on biological genes. 1 , because it seems to be wholly altruistic (利他的). But this makes it especially confusing in inhabitants, who do not have the cultural influences we do.
One of the most striking places to see adoption in the animal kingdom is Ano Nuevo Island, rising from the sea less than one kilometer off the rocky California coast. 2 .
From 1976, scientist Marianne Riedman studied adoption among the seals and why it was happening. It’s a crowed beach, with high tides and rough surf, which explains why many little seals each year are separated from their mothers at least once, some permanently.
The researchers counted a total of 572 adopted little seals over the course. Interestingly, some adult seals were likely than others to become foster parents. For one thing, all the foster parents were female. 3 . Yet among females, the most common foster seal was a mother who had lost her own child. Why could this be One possible reason is that adoption helped these females reproduce later on.
Regular nursing may cause them to give ovulation (排卵). 4 .
Another possibility is that mothers are prepared to care for their children immediately following birth. 5 , the motivation for care may be so great that they redirect their attention to other unrelated little animals.
A.Considering the absence of their own young
B.Scientists have long been interested in adoption
C.Once a year, it is home to hundreds of northern elephant seals to give birth
D.Because those poor little seals can meet the seals of their own size in the foster family
E.That’s unsurprising, for what drives these poor little seals to seek out care is the need to nurse
F.In turn it could make a female more likely to give birth to her own child the following season
G.Only in this way can the species go on keeping its unity and power to fight against the danger
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
答案与分层梯度式解析
Unit 5 A delicate world
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.incidents 2.collapsed 3.conservation
Ⅱ.1.to 考查介词。句意:联合国估计,到2050年,欧洲国家的人口将从7.2亿减少到6.3亿。decrease from...to...是固定结构,意为“从……减少到……”。
2.for 考查介词。句意:正如我们看到的,公众对这件事总是喜闻乐道。have an appetite for对……有欲望;渴望……。
3.subsequently 考查副词。heard是动词hear的过去式,应用副词修饰。故填subsequently。
4.into 考查介词。trap sb. into doing sth.诱使某人做某事。句意:这些引人注目的广告会诱使我们买一些实际上我们并不需要的东西。
5.departure 考查名词。句意:在我们离开营地几天后,我们的汽车完全陷在泥里了。根据空前的形容词性物主代词our可知该空应用名词,作介词after的宾语,由句意可知设空处表示“离开”,故填departure。
6.has multiplied 考查时态。句意:在过去的几十年里,风能的产量成倍增加。over the last decades是“in/over/during the past/last + 时间段”结构,是现在完成时的常用时间状语。故填has multiplied。
7.it 考查形式宾语。句意:他们发现学习川剧很困难,但很有意义。此处是“find it+adj.+to do sth.”结构,其中it作形式宾语,形容词作宾补,真正的宾语为动词不定式。故填it。
Ⅲ.1.out of control 2.in harmony with 3.turned out 4.once and for all
Ⅳ.1.As the saying goes 2.owing to a misunderstanding
3.it seems to be on the decrease 4.neither/nor do I
5.①turned out to be ②It turned out that
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.harmonious 考查形容词。and连接并列成分,其前是形容词beautiful,其后也应是形容词,共同作定语,修饰名词place。
2.bringing 考查现在分词。句中已有谓语arrived,故此处应用非谓语动词。句意:然而,1810年人们到达这座岛,无意中带来了大大小小的老鼠。设空处表示的动作和arrived同时发生,所以设空处作伴随状语;bring与其逻辑主语humans是主动关系,应用现在分词。
3.to control 考查不定式。此处表示“人们把猫带过来以控制它们”,由此可知设空处表示目的,应用不定式作目的状语。
4.that 考查连词。设空处无提示词,空前有谓语multiplied,空后为完整的句子,故推测此处应用连词。由空前的so可知此处构成so...that...结构,引导结果状语从句。
5.which 考查非限制性定语从句。设空处前面内容意思完整,不缺成分,且设空处作主语(后面谓语为caused),故此处用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句,which指代整个主句的内容。句意:兔子为猫提供了充足的食物,这使猫的数量更多了。
6.was released 考查时态和语态。此处表示“病毒被释放到岛上”,release与virus是被动关系,应用被动语态。结合上下文可知应用一般过去时。故填was released。
7.a 考查冠词。as a result是固定短语,意为“因此;结果”。故填a。
8.traps 考查名词的数。由空前的dogs和and可知,此处为and连接的并列名词作used的宾语,trap在这里指“夹子;陷阱”,为可数名词,故用其复数形式。
9.exploded 考查时态。由上下文可知此处应用一般过去时。故填exploded。
pletely 考查副词。此处表示“为了彻底解决这个问题”,设空处修饰动词solve,应用副词作状语。
Ⅱ.A
◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国在过去的几十年间积极采取措施防治沙漠化并取得了显著的成就。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Efforts to create ‘green’ areas...desertification.”可知,努力创建“绿色”区域在国家防治沙漠化的斗争中发挥了关键作用。故选B。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Owing to the program, forest coverage in China increased...last year.”可知,得益于该计划,中国的森林覆盖率从20世纪80年代的12%增加到了去年的约23%,即更多的地方被森林覆盖。故选D。
3.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容可知,该集团将会利用现代技术开发新的方法来提高治沙能力,如借助无人机、人工智能、大数据、物联网等。故选D。
4.A 主旨大意题。文章第一段总述了中国在防治沙漠化方面取得了显著成就;第二段介绍了创建“绿色”区域的努力在防治沙漠化中发挥的作用;第三段至最后一段介绍了一系列改善环境的运动和例子以及具体做法和效果。由此可知文章主要介绍了中国通过努力改善了沙漠化问题。故选A。
易错归因 本题易根据“Solved by Planting More Trees”而错选B项。B项虽然提到了种树,但B项中通过种树解决的是多种环境问题(Environmental Problems),而文中强调的是沙漠化问题,B项与原文不符,故排除。
【高频词汇】 1.significant adj.重要的;有意义的
2.achievement n.成就;成绩 3.crucial adj.决定性的;关键的 4.campaign n.运动;战役;活动 5.launch v.发起;推出(新产品);发射 6.poverty n.贫困;贫乏
7.solar adj.太阳的;太阳能的 8.chief adj.首席的;主要的;首要的
【差距词汇】 1.autonomous adj.自治的 2.hectare n.公顷
长难句 原句 Another example of the campaign is the Elion Resources Group, which has been recognized by the UN for the development of a desert eco-industry that has slowed desertification.
分析 本句是主从复合句。“which has been recognized...desertification”是which引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Elion Resources Group;其中“that has slowed desertification”是定语从句,修饰先行词a desert eco-industry。
译文 这项运动的另一个例子是亿利资源集团,该集团因发展沙漠生态产业减缓了沙漠化而得到联合国的认可。
B
◎语篇解读 这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了西藏自治区的生态转好的现象。
5.C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“the rate of days with good air quality in Tibet’s cities has reached 99.4 percent”可知,西藏生态保护的积极影响是:西藏的空气质量得到改善,有优质的空气的日子更多了。故选C。
易错归因 文章第四段第二句指出近几年发现了“五种”新的珍稀物种,而不是B项中的“许多 (Numerous)”新的珍稀物种,B项属于偷梁换柱的错误。
6.D 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句后半部分“more rural residents have benefited financially by undertaking part-time ecological protection work”可知,通过生态保护工作,乡村居民可以赚更多的钱;benefited financially与earn extra money同义。故选D。
7.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知,Kunsang Darje有保护那里的动物的责任感;are also bound to take responsibility与has a sense of duty意义相同。故选D。
8.B 主旨大意题。第一段第一句提到西藏自治区接近一半的土地被进行了严格的生态监督,文章就是据此内容展开的,下文中介绍了生态状况的改善以及其带来的好处等。故选B。
易错归因 文章讲到西藏自治区的生态有所好转,但没有提到被彻底改善,故A项错误。
【高频词汇】 1.ecological adj.生态的;生态学的
2.reserve n.保护区 vt.保留;预订 3.quality n.质量;品质;特质 4.benefit vt.& vi.得益;有益于n.益处 5.take responsibility 履行职责
【差距词汇】 1.operational adj.使用中的;操作的
2.civilized adj.文明的 3.maintenance n.维护;保持
长难句 原句 The ecological conservation area, which covers more than 539,000 square kilometers, makes up 45 percent of the region’s area, and 22 ecological reserves have been built and are operational.
分析 本句是由and连接的并列复合句。在第一个分句中,which引导非限制性定语从句,从句修饰先行词The ecological conservation area。
译文 这片生态保护区域面积超过53.9万平方公里,占该地区面积的45%,并且22个生态保护区已被建成并投入使用。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了自然界动物王国中的父母会收养不是由自己生产的幼崽,甚至是其他物种的幼崽,同时分析了这种现象可能的原因。
1.B 由下文“because it seems to be wholly altruistic”可知,设空处是空后说的这种原因带来的结果,分析选项可知B项(科学家们一直对收养感兴趣)与后文意思连贯,符合语境。故选B。
2.C 由上文“One of the most striking places to see adoption...is Ano Nuevo Island”可知,该岛是研究动物收养的最佳地点之一。分析选项可知C项(每年栖息在这里的数百只北象海豹在这里生产)符合语境,交代了上文提到的该岛是最佳地点之一的原因。下一段中的“among the seals”给出了提示,由此推测设空处应提到这个岛上有象海豹。故选C。
3.E 根据上一句“For one thing, all the foster parents were female.”可知,收养小海豹的都是雌性海豹,分析选项可知E项(那并不奇怪,因为驱使这些可怜的小海豹寻求护理的原因是它们需要被喂奶)符合语境,解释了收养小海豹的都是雌性海豹这种现象的原因,失去父母的幼小海豹会主动寻找雌性海豹寻求哺育;下文“Yet among females, the most common foster seal...her own child.”说的是另一个原因,失去自己孩子的雌性海豹产奶可以为别的海豹哺乳,有利于自己以后的繁殖。所以E项契合上下文。
4.F 根据上一句“Regular nursing may cause them to give ovulation.”可知,此处提到失去孩子的雌性海豹喂养别的小海豹的一个好处。F项(相应地,这会使雌性海豹更有可能在下一个季节生下自己的孩子)说的是失去孩子的雌性海豹喂养别的小海豹的另一个好处,与上文衔接紧密,符合语境,故选F。it指代ovulation,排卵使它们更有可能再次生下自己的孩子。
5.A 该空后句首字母没大写,和后面部分“the motivation for care may be so great...animals.”为同一个句子。A项是一个介词短语,是空后部分的原因状语,与空后部分能组成一个完整的句子,语意完整、通顺,指的是雌性海豹自己的孩子找不到了,照顾孩子的动机驱使自己去哺育别的孩子。故选A。
【高频词汇】 1.adopt v.收养;采用 adoption n.收养;采用 2.species n.(单复同)物种 3.striking adj.显著的;引人注目的 4.separate v.分开 5.permanently adv.永久地 6.motivation n.动机;动力 7.in turn相应地
【熟词生义】 1.promise n.吉兆;迹象 2.surf n.激浪;拍岸浪花
长难句 原句1 But this makes it especially confusing in inhabitants, who do not have the cultural influences we do.
分析 本句是主从复合句。“who do not have the cultural influences we do”是who引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词inhabitants;其中“we do”也是定语从句,修饰influences。
译文 但放在栖息动物身上它就尤其令人迷惑,它们不像我们这样有文化的影响。
原句2 It’s a crowed beach, with high tides and rough surf, which explains why many little seals each year are separated from their mothers at least once, some permanently.
分析 本句是主从复合句。“which explains...some permanently”是which引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰整个主句;其中“why many little seals...some permanently”是why引导的宾语从句,作动词explains的宾语。
译文 这是一个拥挤的海滩,有高高的海潮和汹涌的海浪,这就解释了为什么每年有许多小海豹至少会与它们的母亲分离一次,有些是永久分离。
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2024外研版高中英语选择性必修第二册同步
Unit 5 A delicate world
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Several safety accidents and (事件) related to campus safety have occurred recently in a number of places.
2.The roof of the house (倒坍) under the weight of snow after the heavy snowfall yesterday.
3.World Oceans Day is aimed at raising awareness of ocean (保护).(2022全国甲)
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.The United Nations estimates that by 2050, the population of European countries will decrease from 0.72 billion 0.63 billion.
2.As we can see, the public have a strong appetite this matter.
3.They (subsequent) heard that he had left the country after working there for 5 years.
4.The eye-catching advertisements will trap us buying things that we actually don’t need.
5.A few days after our (depart) from the camp, our car was well and truly stuck in the mud.
6.Wind energy production (multiply) over the last decades.
7.They found very difficult but meaningful to learn Sichuan Opera.
Ⅲ.选词填空
in harmony with; turn out; once and for all; out of control
The IUCN (世界自然保护联盟) Red List of Threatened Species is the “gold standard” for measuring how close animal and plant species are to dying out. Once the ecology gets 1. , many species may be in danger. Only if we actively participate in the natural protection and make joint efforts can we achieve ultimate health by living 2. nature. In the past few years, it has 3. that our efforts work well. In the future maybe we will solve the problem 4. .
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.俗话说,“入乡随俗”。
, “Do in Rome as the Romans do.”
2.几年前,因为一个误会,我和一个朋友吵了一架。(owe)
Years ago, I had a quarrel with a friend .(读后续写—情节描写)
3.在今天的英国,茶仍然是日常生活的一大部分,但是似乎正在减少。(decrease)
Tea is still a large part of daily life in the UK today, but .
4.You don’t know what to do now. I don’t know, either. (句式升级:部分倒装)
→You don’t know what to do now; .
5.这部影片结果大获成功。(一句多译:turn out)
①The film a great success.
② the film was a great success.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Macquarie Island is a beautiful and 1 (harmony) place. However, in 1810, humans arrived on the island, unknowingly 2 (bring) rats and mice. The small animals ate birds’ eggs and attacked baby birds. People brought cats 3 (control) them, but they developed an appetite for the birds, too. People also regarded rabbits as food, but they multiplied so rapidly 4 they led to soil erosion. The rabbits supplied enough food to the cats, 5 caused more cats. To control the rabbits, a virus 6 (release) onto the island, which caused the rabbit population to decrease rapidly. As 7 result, the food was less for the cats, so they started to eat the birds again. In the 1980s, people used dogs and 8 (trap) to catch them. The rats and mice began to increase. Their population 9 (explode) again. To solve the problem 10 (complete), people dropped poison on the island and removed all the invading species. In 2014, the island’s ecology started to recover.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2023吉林省吉林市期中)
China has seen significant achievements in improving the environment and green development over the past 70 years, especially in fighting against desertification(沙漠化).
Desertification was a serious problem in the 1990s. It caused deadly sandstorms, which arrived like vast black walls reaching up into the sky. As we all know, clear water and lush (繁茂的) mountains are rare assets (资产). Efforts to create “green” areas have played a crucial role in the country’s fight against desertification.
A series of campaigns have been conducted by the central government to improve the environment. For example, in 1998, China launched the Natural Forest Protection Program. Owing to the program, forest coverage in China increased greatly from 12 percent in the 1980s to about 23 percent last year.
Another example of the campaign is the Elion Resources Group, which has been recognized by the UN for the development of a desert eco-industry that has slowed desertification.
In Kubuqi, a desert in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region, Elion has greened 600,000 hectares of land and helped lift more than 102,000 people out of poverty through the development of solar energy and tourism, as well as planting herbs for traditional Chinese medicine.
In addition, the group’s techniques have also been used in many important ecological programs, including the Yangtze River Ecological Park and Qilian Mountain National Park.
“We will develop new ways to improve our ability to control the sand with the help of modern technologies, such as drones (无人机), AI, big data and the Internet of Things,” said Ao Baoping, chief executive officer of Elion Green Land Technology.
1.What is the key measure to fight against desertification
A.Building walls to block sands.
B.Increasing green plants.
C.Turning to the UN for help.
D.Keeping mountains natural.
2.What is the effect of the Natural Forest Protection Program
A.The environment in China has become satisfactory.
B.Similar new campaigns will be carried out by China.
C.No more trees need to be planted in our country.
D.More areas in China are covered with forest.
3.What do we know about the Elion Resources Group according to the passage
A.Its main aim was to lift local people out of poverty.
B.It made Kubuqi become a center for planting herbs.
C.It got inspiration from many ecological programs.
D.It will apply modern technologies to fight desertification.
4.What is a suitable title for the passage
A.Desert Clothed with Green Through China’s Efforts
B.Environmental Problems Solved by Planting More Trees
C.Great Contributions Made by Elion to the Environment
D.Advanced Science and Technology Applied in China
B
(2022辽宁本溪市高级中学调研)
The Tibet autonomous region has placed nearly half its land area under the strictest ecological supervision (监督). It was announced at an annual meeting of the regional people’s congress, which was kicked off on Wednesday.
The ecological conservation area, which covers more than 539,000 square kilometers, makes up 45 percent of the region’s area, and 22 ecological reserves have been built and are operational.
According to the government work report, the rate of days with good air quality in Tibet’s cities has reached 99.4 percent, and all the region’s drinking water sources have been up to standard.
The report also said that the number of Tibetan antelopes (藏羚羊) in the habitat of the region has multiplied to more than 200,000, wildlife species to 1,072 and endangered black-necked cranes to more than 8,000. Five rare new species have been discovered in recent years. The region has spent 12.2 billion yuan on ecological protection projects in recent years. Five cities and three counties have been named as national-level ecologically civilized model cities and counties, and more rural residents have benefited financially by undertaking part-time ecological protection work.
More advanced monitoring facilities have been in place in the reserves, with more ecological protection inspectors employed to undertake protection work. The professional ecological inspectors are provided with basic tools such as motorcycles, telescopes and paging receivers, and they provide feedback regularly. Professional inspectors also receive one week of training every year from professors at Tibet University.
Kunsang Darje, a railway maintenance worker in Nagchu, said that apart from maintaining the railway and highway, he also collects trash along the section with his colleagues. “The place I work in is in high altitude no-man’s-land, and I think it’s very important to protect the animals there without affecting them with human activities, and we are also bound to take responsibility there,” he said.
5.Which of the following is the positive effect of Tibet’s ecological protection
A.Larger protection areas.
B.Numerous rare new species.
C.More days with quality air.
D.Global capital investments.
6.What happens in Tibet by doing ecological protection work
A.Protection inspectors can employ other people.
B.Protection inspectors are supplied with cars.
C.Tibet’s rural residents can get annual training.
D.Tibet’s rural residents can earn extra money.
7.What can be inferred from Kunsang Darje’s words
A.He asks his colleagues not to litter everywhere.
B.He attaches importance to raising animals there.
C.He keeps the railway and highway in good condition.
D.He has a sense of duty to protect animals there.
8.What is the main idea of the text
A.The ecological situation in Tibet has been totally improved.
B.Almost half Tibetan land has been ecologically supervised.
C.Many more operational ecological reserves have been built.
D.More Tibetan protection inspectors have been employed.
Ⅲ.七选五
(2023湖南永州四中期中)
In the animal kingdom, parents adopt babies that aren’t their own, and that are even other species. Why do they do it
For foster (收养的) parents, there are vast costs, with no promise of passing on biological genes. 1 , because it seems to be wholly altruistic (利他的). But this makes it especially confusing in inhabitants, who do not have the cultural influences we do.
One of the most striking places to see adoption in the animal kingdom is Ano Nuevo Island, rising from the sea less than one kilometer off the rocky California coast. 2 .
From 1976, scientist Marianne Riedman studied adoption among the seals and why it was happening. It’s a crowed beach, with high tides and rough surf, which explains why many little seals each year are separated from their mothers at least once, some permanently.
The researchers counted a total of 572 adopted little seals over the course. Interestingly, some adult seals were likely than others to become foster parents. For one thing, all the foster parents were female. 3 . Yet among females, the most common foster seal was a mother who had lost her own child. Why could this be One possible reason is that adoption helped these females reproduce later on.
Regular nursing may cause them to give ovulation (排卵). 4 .
Another possibility is that mothers are prepared to care for their children immediately following birth. 5 , the motivation for care may be so great that they redirect their attention to other unrelated little animals.
A.Considering the absence of their own young
B.Scientists have long been interested in adoption
C.Once a year, it is home to hundreds of northern elephant seals to give birth
D.Because those poor little seals can meet the seals of their own size in the foster family
E.That’s unsurprising, for what drives these poor little seals to seek out care is the need to nurse
F.In turn it could make a female more likely to give birth to her own child the following season
G.Only in this way can the species go on keeping its unity and power to fight against the danger
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
答案与分层梯度式解析
Unit 5 A delicate world
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.incidents 2.collapsed 3.conservation
Ⅱ.1.to 考查介词。句意:联合国估计,到2050年,欧洲国家的人口将从7.2亿减少到6.3亿。decrease from...to...是固定结构,意为“从……减少到……”。
2.for 考查介词。句意:正如我们看到的,公众对这件事总是喜闻乐道。have an appetite for对……有欲望;渴望……。
3.subsequently 考查副词。heard是动词hear的过去式,应用副词修饰。故填subsequently。
4.into 考查介词。trap sb. into doing sth.诱使某人做某事。句意:这些引人注目的广告会诱使我们买一些实际上我们并不需要的东西。
5.departure 考查名词。句意:在我们离开营地几天后,我们的汽车完全陷在泥里了。根据空前的形容词性物主代词our可知该空应用名词,作介词after的宾语,由句意可知设空处表示“离开”,故填departure。
6.has multiplied 考查时态。句意:在过去的几十年里,风能的产量成倍增加。over the last decades是“in/over/during the past/last + 时间段”结构,是现在完成时的常用时间状语。故填has multiplied。
7.it 考查形式宾语。句意:他们发现学习川剧很困难,但很有意义。此处是“find it+adj.+to do sth.”结构,其中it作形式宾语,形容词作宾补,真正的宾语为动词不定式。故填it。
Ⅲ.1.out of control 2.in harmony with 3.turned out 4.once and for all
Ⅳ.1.As the saying goes 2.owing to a misunderstanding
3.it seems to be on the decrease 4.neither/nor do I
5.①turned out to be ②It turned out that
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.harmonious 考查形容词。and连接并列成分,其前是形容词beautiful,其后也应是形容词,共同作定语,修饰名词place。
2.bringing 考查现在分词。句中已有谓语arrived,故此处应用非谓语动词。句意:然而,1810年人们到达这座岛,无意中带来了大大小小的老鼠。设空处表示的动作和arrived同时发生,所以设空处作伴随状语;bring与其逻辑主语humans是主动关系,应用现在分词。
3.to control 考查不定式。此处表示“人们把猫带过来以控制它们”,由此可知设空处表示目的,应用不定式作目的状语。
4.that 考查连词。设空处无提示词,空前有谓语multiplied,空后为完整的句子,故推测此处应用连词。由空前的so可知此处构成so...that...结构,引导结果状语从句。
5.which 考查非限制性定语从句。设空处前面内容意思完整,不缺成分,且设空处作主语(后面谓语为caused),故此处用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句,which指代整个主句的内容。句意:兔子为猫提供了充足的食物,这使猫的数量更多了。
6.was released 考查时态和语态。此处表示“病毒被释放到岛上”,release与virus是被动关系,应用被动语态。结合上下文可知应用一般过去时。故填was released。
7.a 考查冠词。as a result是固定短语,意为“因此;结果”。故填a。
8.traps 考查名词的数。由空前的dogs和and可知,此处为and连接的并列名词作used的宾语,trap在这里指“夹子;陷阱”,为可数名词,故用其复数形式。
9.exploded 考查时态。由上下文可知此处应用一般过去时。故填exploded。
pletely 考查副词。此处表示“为了彻底解决这个问题”,设空处修饰动词solve,应用副词作状语。
Ⅱ.A
◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国在过去的几十年间积极采取措施防治沙漠化并取得了显著的成就。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Efforts to create ‘green’ areas...desertification.”可知,努力创建“绿色”区域在国家防治沙漠化的斗争中发挥了关键作用。故选B。
2.D 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句“Owing to the program, forest coverage in China increased...last year.”可知,得益于该计划,中国的森林覆盖率从20世纪80年代的12%增加到了去年的约23%,即更多的地方被森林覆盖。故选D。
3.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容可知,该集团将会利用现代技术开发新的方法来提高治沙能力,如借助无人机、人工智能、大数据、物联网等。故选D。
4.A 主旨大意题。文章第一段总述了中国在防治沙漠化方面取得了显著成就;第二段介绍了创建“绿色”区域的努力在防治沙漠化中发挥的作用;第三段至最后一段介绍了一系列改善环境的运动和例子以及具体做法和效果。由此可知文章主要介绍了中国通过努力改善了沙漠化问题。故选A。
易错归因 本题易根据“Solved by Planting More Trees”而错选B项。B项虽然提到了种树,但B项中通过种树解决的是多种环境问题(Environmental Problems),而文中强调的是沙漠化问题,B项与原文不符,故排除。
【高频词汇】 1.significant adj.重要的;有意义的
2.achievement n.成就;成绩 3.crucial adj.决定性的;关键的 4.campaign n.运动;战役;活动 5.launch v.发起;推出(新产品);发射 6.poverty n.贫困;贫乏
7.solar adj.太阳的;太阳能的 8.chief adj.首席的;主要的;首要的
【差距词汇】 1.autonomous adj.自治的 2.hectare n.公顷
长难句 原句 Another example of the campaign is the Elion Resources Group, which has been recognized by the UN for the development of a desert eco-industry that has slowed desertification.
分析 本句是主从复合句。“which has been recognized...desertification”是which引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Elion Resources Group;其中“that has slowed desertification”是定语从句,修饰先行词a desert eco-industry。
译文 这项运动的另一个例子是亿利资源集团,该集团因发展沙漠生态产业减缓了沙漠化而得到联合国的认可。
B
◎语篇解读 这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了西藏自治区的生态转好的现象。
5.C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“the rate of days with good air quality in Tibet’s cities has reached 99.4 percent”可知,西藏生态保护的积极影响是:西藏的空气质量得到改善,有优质的空气的日子更多了。故选C。
易错归因 文章第四段第二句指出近几年发现了“五种”新的珍稀物种,而不是B项中的“许多 (Numerous)”新的珍稀物种,B项属于偷梁换柱的错误。
6.D 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句后半部分“more rural residents have benefited financially by undertaking part-time ecological protection work”可知,通过生态保护工作,乡村居民可以赚更多的钱;benefited financially与earn extra money同义。故选D。
7.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知,Kunsang Darje有保护那里的动物的责任感;are also bound to take responsibility与has a sense of duty意义相同。故选D。
8.B 主旨大意题。第一段第一句提到西藏自治区接近一半的土地被进行了严格的生态监督,文章就是据此内容展开的,下文中介绍了生态状况的改善以及其带来的好处等。故选B。
易错归因 文章讲到西藏自治区的生态有所好转,但没有提到被彻底改善,故A项错误。
【高频词汇】 1.ecological adj.生态的;生态学的
2.reserve n.保护区 vt.保留;预订 3.quality n.质量;品质;特质 4.benefit vt.& vi.得益;有益于n.益处 5.take responsibility 履行职责
【差距词汇】 1.operational adj.使用中的;操作的
2.civilized adj.文明的 3.maintenance n.维护;保持
长难句 原句 The ecological conservation area, which covers more than 539,000 square kilometers, makes up 45 percent of the region’s area, and 22 ecological reserves have been built and are operational.
分析 本句是由and连接的并列复合句。在第一个分句中,which引导非限制性定语从句,从句修饰先行词The ecological conservation area。
译文 这片生态保护区域面积超过53.9万平方公里,占该地区面积的45%,并且22个生态保护区已被建成并投入使用。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了自然界动物王国中的父母会收养不是由自己生产的幼崽,甚至是其他物种的幼崽,同时分析了这种现象可能的原因。
1.B 由下文“because it seems to be wholly altruistic”可知,设空处是空后说的这种原因带来的结果,分析选项可知B项(科学家们一直对收养感兴趣)与后文意思连贯,符合语境。故选B。
2.C 由上文“One of the most striking places to see adoption...is Ano Nuevo Island”可知,该岛是研究动物收养的最佳地点之一。分析选项可知C项(每年栖息在这里的数百只北象海豹在这里生产)符合语境,交代了上文提到的该岛是最佳地点之一的原因。下一段中的“among the seals”给出了提示,由此推测设空处应提到这个岛上有象海豹。故选C。
3.E 根据上一句“For one thing, all the foster parents were female.”可知,收养小海豹的都是雌性海豹,分析选项可知E项(那并不奇怪,因为驱使这些可怜的小海豹寻求护理的原因是它们需要被喂奶)符合语境,解释了收养小海豹的都是雌性海豹这种现象的原因,失去父母的幼小海豹会主动寻找雌性海豹寻求哺育;下文“Yet among females, the most common foster seal...her own child.”说的是另一个原因,失去自己孩子的雌性海豹产奶可以为别的海豹哺乳,有利于自己以后的繁殖。所以E项契合上下文。
4.F 根据上一句“Regular nursing may cause them to give ovulation.”可知,此处提到失去孩子的雌性海豹喂养别的小海豹的一个好处。F项(相应地,这会使雌性海豹更有可能在下一个季节生下自己的孩子)说的是失去孩子的雌性海豹喂养别的小海豹的另一个好处,与上文衔接紧密,符合语境,故选F。it指代ovulation,排卵使它们更有可能再次生下自己的孩子。
5.A 该空后句首字母没大写,和后面部分“the motivation for care may be so great...animals.”为同一个句子。A项是一个介词短语,是空后部分的原因状语,与空后部分能组成一个完整的句子,语意完整、通顺,指的是雌性海豹自己的孩子找不到了,照顾孩子的动机驱使自己去哺育别的孩子。故选A。
【高频词汇】 1.adopt v.收养;采用 adoption n.收养;采用 2.species n.(单复同)物种 3.striking adj.显著的;引人注目的 4.separate v.分开 5.permanently adv.永久地 6.motivation n.动机;动力 7.in turn相应地
【熟词生义】 1.promise n.吉兆;迹象 2.surf n.激浪;拍岸浪花
长难句 原句1 But this makes it especially confusing in inhabitants, who do not have the cultural influences we do.
分析 本句是主从复合句。“who do not have the cultural influences we do”是who引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词inhabitants;其中“we do”也是定语从句,修饰influences。
译文 但放在栖息动物身上它就尤其令人迷惑,它们不像我们这样有文化的影响。
原句2 It’s a crowed beach, with high tides and rough surf, which explains why many little seals each year are separated from their mothers at least once, some permanently.
分析 本句是主从复合句。“which explains...some permanently”是which引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰整个主句;其中“why many little seals...some permanently”是why引导的宾语从句,作动词explains的宾语。
译文 这是一个拥挤的海滩,有高高的海潮和汹涌的海浪,这就解释了为什么每年有许多小海豹至少会与它们的母亲分离一次,有些是永久分离。
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