2024外研版选择性必修第二册同步练习Unit 6 Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas（答案与解析）
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| 名称 | 2024外研版选择性必修第二册同步练习Unit 6 Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas（答案与解析） |  | |
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| 更新时间 | 2023-11-13 15:08:10 | ||
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2024外研版高中英语选择性必修第二册同步
Unit 6 Survival
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.While George was reading in the bedroom, two (小偷) climbed into his kitchen.
2.While bringing about some network (罪行), the Internet also benefits our lives.
3.Teachers’ and parents’ guidance plays a [/ kru ( )l/] role in children’s growth.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.No matter how well you hide your food, the (greed) mice will always find it easily.
2.The number of foreign teachers amounts 30 in this school, making it easy for students to learn native English.
3.The new boy fitted in his roommates and they quickly became friends.
4.The reports are restricted descriptions and give no opinions about the facts.
5.However scary the roller-coaster ride is, he gets a taste it.
6.He has committed himself to (do) everything in his power to prevent the crisis from happening.
7.It has not been decided which plan to be adopted; therefore, we have no choice but (wait).
Ⅲ.选词填空
crash into;under construction;figure out;in one’s way
On a Monday morning, I drove my daughter to school as usual. The road was 1. so the traffic was crowded during the rush hour. I couldn’t drive very fast because a lot of buses and cars got 2. . Suddenly, a truck 3. the back of my car. I didn’t even have time to 4. what had happened. My little daughter was so frightened that she burst into tears. Luckily, we weren’t injured and only the surface of the car was damaged.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.我承诺在我父母出差的时候照顾我妹妹。(commitment)
I my sister when my parents were on business.
2.如果你能考虑我的建议,我将不胜感激。(appreciate)
you could take my advice into consideration.
3.据估计,感染该病毒的人数正在急剧增长。(estimate)
the quantity of people infected with the virus is increasing dramatically.
4.新规定对塑料袋的使用进行了严格的限制。(restriction)
The new regulations plastic bags.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
In a seaside suburb of Cape Town, a chacma baboon stole a bag of shopping from a car, 1 window was left open. Besides Cape Town, wild animals can 2 (witness) in other urban areas all over the world. It may be not because the wild animals have taken over our cities, 3 because we humans have invaded their natural habitats. Probably these “urban animals” regard our green cities as their paradise, where they can find enough food. 4 the meantime, they needn’t worry about their predators.
So far, some animals 5 (develop) new skills to adjust to their new homes in the urban areas. Urban racoons are 6 (intelligent) than the wild ones. However, quite a few animals can’t adapt to the urban environment. Recent 7 (study) estimate that more than 400 million birds die from window impacts each year in the US, 8 (make) up around 10% of the total US bird population. Migrant birds have to change their routes through cities with skyscrapers.
Above all, now that animals choose 9 (lead) their urban life, we should learn to understand and appreciate our wild neighbours. Only in this way can we share our urban habitats with them 10 (harmonious).
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2022四川省绵阳南山中学月考)
One spring morning many years ago, I was on southeastern Alaska’s Kupreanof Island when I saw a huge wolf caught in a trap. From her appearance, I inferred that she was a mother wolf and that somewhere hungry pups (幼崽) were waiting for her. I guessed she had been trapped only a few days. So her pups were probably still alive, hungry, surely no more than a few miles away. But I thought that if I released the wolf, she would tear me to pieces.
So I decided to search for her pups instead. Following some footprints, I finally found four tiny pups. One by one, I placed them in a bag and headed back. When the mother wolf spotted me, she stood up, possibly picking up the smell of her young. I released the pups, and they raced to her.
What next I wondered. The mother wolf was clearly suffering. Yet each time I moved in her direction, she let out a terrifying sound.
I put up a shelter for myself and was soon asleep nearby. At dawn, I was awakened by the four pups sniffing at my face and hands. I glanced toward the anxious mother wolf. If only I could win her confidence, I thought. It was her only hope. Over the next few days, I fed her, talked gently with her and played with the pups. But the big animal never took her eyes off me. When I was beginning to lose hope, at dusk on the fifth day, I saw her wagging (摇摆) her tail. I moved within the length of her chain. She remained still. My heart in my mouth, I slowly placed my hand on the wolf’s injured leg. “OK,” I said, “We’ll have you out of there.” I pressed the trap and it sprang open;the wolf pulled herself free.
Slowly, she headed toward me. She smelled my hands and arms and then began licking (舔) my fingers. I was astonished. This went against everything I’d ever heard about wolves. Yet, strangely, it all seemed so natural.
1.What did the writer do after he discovered the mother wolf
A.He looked for the pups.
B.He set up a trap.
C.He put the wolf in a bag.
D.He frightened off the wolf.
2.Why did the writer stay with the wolves for 5 days
A.To study the habit of the wolves.
B.To gain the trust of the mother wolf.
C.To witness the growth of the pups.
D.To experience the charm of the wild.
3.How did the writer feel when he was trying to remove the trap
A.Nervous. B.Proud. C.Relieved. D.Hopeless.
4.What is the main idea of the passage
A.Creatures are born equal.
B.Having comes before giving.
C.Tail-wagging wolves seldom bite.
D.Kindness deserves acceptance.
B
(2023黑龙江哈尔滨九中10月月考)
Antarctica has actually become a kind of space station—a unique and crucial observation post for detecting important changes in the world’s environment. Remote from major sources of pollution and the complex geological and ecological systems that are common elsewhere, Antarctica makes possible scientific measurements that are often sharper and easier to interpret than those made in other parts of the world.
Therefore, growing numbers of scientists see Antarctica as a distant-early-warning sensor, where potentially dangerous global trends may be spotted before they show up to the north. One promising field of investigation is glaciology. Scholars from the United States, Switzerland, and France are pursuing seven separate but related projects that reflect their concern for the health of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet—a concern they believe the whole world should share.
The Transantarctic Mountains, some of them more than 14,000 feet high, divide the continent into two very different regions. The part of the continent to the “east” of the mountains is a high plateau(高原) covered by an ice sheet nearly two miles thick. To the “west” of the mountains, the half of the continent south of the Americas is also covered by an ice sheet, but there the ice rests on rock that is mostly well below sea level. If the West Antarctic Ice Sheet disappeared, the western part of the continent would be reduced to a few sparse(稀疏的) islands.
While ice and snow are obviously central to many environmental experiments, others focus on the mysterious “dry valley” of Antarctica. The valleys contain little ice or snow even in the depths of winter. Through the mountains of southern Victoria Land, these valleys once held enormous glaciers that extended 9,000 feet downward to the Ross Sea. Now the glaciers are gone, perhaps due to the global warming trend during the 10,000 years since the ice age. Even the snow that falls in the dry valleys is blown away by strong winds that roar down from the polar plateau to the sea.
Despite the mysterious aspect of the dry valleys, some scientists believe they may carry a message of hope of the environment. Some scientists believe that in some cases the dry valleys may absorb pollutants faster than pollutants enter them.
5.What is the best title for this passage
A.Antarctica and Environmental Problems
B.Antarctica: a High Plateau
C.Antarctica: a Unique Observation Post
D.Antarctica: a Mysterious Place
6.What would the result be if the West Antarctic Ice Sheet disappeared
A.The western part of the continent would disappear.
B.The western part of the continent would be reduced.
C.The western part of the continent would become a fragmentary island.
D.The western part of the continent would be reduced to a gathering of islands.
7.Why are the Dry Valleys left bare
A.Because strong winds blow the snow away.
B.Because it rarely snows.
C.Because of the global warming trend and fierce wind.
D.Because of ice sheets.
8.Which of the following is TRUE
A.The “Dry Valleys” have nothing left inside.
B.The “Dry Valleys” never held glaciers.
C.The “Dry Valleys” may carry a message of hope.
D.The “Dry Valleys” are useless to scientists.
Ⅲ.七选五
(2022黑龙江八校期中联考)
Natural disasters are terrifying and come without warning, and this underlines the need for disaster management. Natural disasters may cause deaths of crops or damage to properties without warning. Emergency management can reduce the damage and save more lives than if there are no systems set up for disaster security.
There are steps to take when you plan for a natural disaster. Here’s a list of some of them:
1.Ask your local Red Cross chapter or emergency management office for reminders of disasters and emergency management steps. 1 You may also request a list of emergency steps that should be done in each type of disaster.
2.Each community has its own set of emergency signals. 2 Knowing what to do at once gives you a head start in any emergency.
3. 3 Include discussions on what is likely to happen and what should be done in such cases. Plan how each one of you will react and what the responsibilities of each one are, in order to be able to work as a team.
4.Set a meeting place in case of a natural disaster. It should be one within the vicinity (附近) of your workplace or home, and one outside your immediate vicinity. 4 Agree on an emergency telephone that everyone should try to call.
5.Prepare a disaster supply toolbox. Stock it with first aid supplies. 5 Prepare emergency lights like flashlights with batteries. Include a battery-powered radio in the kit so you can listen to updates.
A.Find out what they sound like and what they mean.
B.Discuss the dangers of different types of natural disasters.
C.Try to understand why these signals sound unfamiliar to you.
D.Everyone should try to reach it when a natural disaster happens.
E.Prepare some water and food that should be enough for three days.
F.Find out any disaster management plan that your community has.
G.This is also the best time to ask what kind of disaster may likely take place.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
答案与分层梯度式解析
Unit 6 Survival
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.thieves
易错归因 本题易错填thiefs,主要原因是对以-f/-fe结尾的可数名词变复数的规则不清楚。该规则是把f/fe变为v,再加-es。可以借助以下口诀掌握这些变化的词:小偷(thief)和妻子(wife)头戴叶子(leaf),拿着小刀(knife)去杀狼(wolf),走了一半(half),碰倒了架子(shelf)。但要注意:roof(屋顶)和proof(证据)两个词虽以-f结尾,但其复数形式是在词尾直接加-s,而不是变f为v加-es。
2.crimes 3.crucial
Ⅱ.1.greedy 考查形容词。根据空后的名词mice可知,此处应用形容词作定语,由语境可知此处表示“贪吃的,贪心的”,故填greedy。
2.to 考查介词。句意:这所学校的外教数量共计30人,使学生能轻易学到地道的英语。amount to总计,共计。
3.with 考查介词。句意:新来的男孩和他的室友们相处得很好,他们很快就成了朋友。 fit in with sb.意为“与某人相处融洽”。
4.to 考查介词。句意:这些报告只局限于描述(事实),对事实不发表意见。be restricted to 仅限于,局限于。
5.for 考查介词。句意:无论坐过山车有多么可怕,他都喜欢上了它。get a taste for为固定搭配,意为“喜欢上……”。
6.doing 考查非谓语动词。commit oneself to (doing) sth.意为“使自己致力于(做)某事”,其中to为介词,后跟动词时用其动名词形式。
7.to wait 考查不定式。句意:采纳哪一项计划还没有决定,因此,我们别无选择只能等待。have no choice but to do为固定结构,意为“除了做……别无选择”。
Ⅲ.1.under construction 2.in my way 3.crashed into 4.figure out
Ⅳ.1.made a commitment to take care of
2.I would appreciate it if
3.It is estimated that
4.imposed/placed strict restrictions on the use of
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.whose 考查定语从句。设空处前面内容意思完整,不缺成分,空处无提示词,逗号前面的名词car与空后的window有所属关系,故此处应是whose引导的非限制性定语从句。whose在从句中作定语修饰window。
2.be witnessed 考查语态。句意:除了开普敦,全世界其他市区也能见到野生动物。分析句子结构可知,本句谓语部分不完整,wild animals与witness为被动关系,所以填be witnessed,与can一起构成谓语。
3.but 考查连词。句意:这可能不是因为野生动物占领了我们的城市,而是因为我们人类入侵了它们的自然栖息地。not...but...不是……而是……。
4.In 考查介词。in the meantime在此期间,与此同时。
5.have developed 考查时态。设空处为该句的谓语,由时间状语So far可知此处应用现在完成时。
6.more intelligent 考查比较级。根据空后的than可知此处应用比较级。
7.studies 考查名词的数。分析句子结构可知设空处作主语,谓语动词为estimate,因此主语应该用复数名词。句意:最近的研究估计,在美国每年有超过4亿只鸟死于撞击窗户,占美国鸟类总数的10%左右。
8.making 考查现在分词。分析句子结构可知,that从句中已有谓语die from,因此设空处为非谓语动词。more than 400 million birds与make up 为主动关系,因此用现在分词形式作状语。
9.to lead 考查动词不定式。choose to do sth.选择做某事,因此填to lead。
10.harmoniously 考查副词。此处在句中作状语,因此用副词形式。
Ⅱ.A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。作者看到了受伤的母狼,并决定为其寻找幼崽,还想尽办法帮助母狼脱离陷阱,母狼也一点点卸下了戒备之心。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“So I decided to search for her pups instead.”可知,当作者发现这头母狼以后作者决定去寻找它的幼崽。A项中的looked for与文中的search for为同义词组。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“If only I could win her confidence, I thought. It was her only hope.(我想,要是我能赢得它的信任就好了。这是它唯一的希望。)”可知,作者想要赢得母狼的信任,这是母狼得救的唯一希望,所以作者和几头狼待了5天。
3.A 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“My heart in my mouth, I slowly placed my hand on the wolf’s injured leg.(我的心都提到嗓子眼儿了,我慢慢地将手放在母狼受伤的腿上。)”可推知,当作者试图取走捕捉器时,他感到很紧张。nervous紧张的;proud骄傲的;relieved感到宽慰的;hopeless无望的。故选A。
4.D 主旨大意题。浏览全文可知,文章前两段讲述的是作者发现了被困在陷阱中的母狼,想到它的幼崽一定在焦急地等待着,于是找到了它们。第三、四段中作者试图让幼崽回到母狼身边时,发现它十分戒备,为了取得母狼的信任,尽心照顾它和幼崽,并且帮母狼脱离陷阱。最后,母狼十分感激,走向作者还舔了他的手指。由此可以看出,母狼从最一开始的充满惊恐和防备,到逐渐的接纳并最后表示出感激之意,是因为作者一次次善良的行为感化了它,所以这篇文章传达的主旨就是“善良值得认可”。A.生物生来平等;B.拥有先于给予;C.摇尾巴的狼很少咬人。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.trap n.(捕捉动物的)捕捉器,陷阱,罗网v.用捕捉器捕捉,设陷阱捕捉(动物) 2.release vt.释放,放走;发泄;公布,发布 3.tear v.撕碎 4.search for寻找 5.spot v.看见;注意到 n.地点;场所 6.put up 建造;举起 7.press v.按,压(使启动)
【差距词汇】 pick up 发现;识别
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了南极洲在监测环境问题方面的价值和南极洲干谷给治理环境问题带来的新启示。
5.A 主旨大意题。根据文章首句的介绍(南极洲已经成为一种空间站——一个独特且重要的监测世界环境的重要变化的观察站)并结合前两段的内容可知,南极洲在监测环境方面发挥了重要的作用。第三段介绍了南极洲冰原消失所产生的影响。第四、五段论述了对南极洲干谷的调查研究,并且一些科学家认为在某些情况下干谷吸收污染物的速度会快于污染物进入的速度,所以这些干谷给治理环境问题带来了希望。由此可知,文章主要论述了南极洲和相关的环境问题,故A项“南极洲和环境问题”可作为文章标题。
6.D 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知,如果西南极洲冰原消失,这个洲的西部会缩小为一些稀疏的岛屿群,故D项“洲的西部会缩小为一些岛屿的聚集”符合题意。
7.C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后两句的内容可知,现在冰川消失了,也许是因为自冰河时代以来的10,000年中的全球变暖趋势。即使有雪落下来,也会被从极地高原咆哮而下刮向海洋的大风吹走。由此可以得出,干谷变得光秃的原因是全球变暖和狂风的作用,故选C。
8.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句的内容可知,尽管干谷有其神秘的方面,一些科学家认为它们可能为环境问题带来希望,故C项“干谷可能带来希望”符合题意。
【高频词汇】 1.observation n.观察 2.detect v.探测 3.measurement n.测量的结果 4.promising adj.有前途的;有指望的 5.be reduced to被缩小到;沦为
6.mysterious adj.神秘的,难以理解的
【差距词汇】 1.sensor n.传感器 2.glaciology n.冰川学
长难句 原句 Remote from major sources of pollution and the complex geological and ecological systems that are common elsewhere, Antarctica makes possible scientific measurements that are often sharper and easier to interpret than those made in other parts of the world.
分析 “Remote from major sources of pollution and the complex geological and ecological systems that are common elsewhere”为形容词短语作原因状语,其中that引导定语从句,先行词是the complex geological and ecological systems。主句中,makes是谓语动词,scientific measurements是宾语,“that are often...of the world”为that引导的定语从句,修饰宾语;possible是提到前面的宾语补足语。
译文 南极洲远离主要污染源和其他地方常见的复杂的地质和生态系统,使科学的测量结果成为可能,这些测量的结果往往比那些在世界其他地方所做的测量的结果更精确、更容易解释。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了当你计划应对自然灾害时所要采取的步骤。
1.G 过渡句。设空处与前后文构成的语境为:向当地红十字会或应急管理办公室询问灾害提醒和应急管理措施→ 1 →你也可以要求一份每一种灾难中应该采取的紧急措施的列表。设空处承上启下,G项“这也是询问可能发生何种灾难的最佳时机。”符合语境。G项中的ask是复现词,what kind of disaster与空后的each type of disaster照应。
2.A 细节句。根据空前句“Each community has its own set of emergency signals.”可知,本段主要讲述要对社区的紧急信号有所了解。A项“弄清楚它们听起来像什么以及它们是什么意思。”符合语境,A项中的they指代空前句中的emergency signals。
3.B 主旨句。结合文中第4点和第5点开头句可知,此处应选祈使句作为本段的主旨句。由空后提到“包括关于在这种情况下可能会发生什么以及应该做什么的讨论”可知,设空句应提及关键词discuss。B项“讨论不同类型自然灾害的危害。”符合语境。
4.D 细节句。上文提到设置一个会面地点,以防发生自然灾害,它应该是一个在你的工作场所或家附近的地点,一个在你紧邻场所的外面的地点。因此设空句应进一步解释为何选择这样的地点作为集合地点,D项“当自然灾害发生时,每个人都应该设法到达那里。”为合理解释,符合语境。
5.E 细节句。根据主题句“Prepare a disaster supply toolbox.(准备一个灾难应急工具箱。)”可知,在准备灾难应急工具箱时,水和食物应是必需品。E项“准备一些足够用三天的水和食物。”符合语境,其中E项中的Prepare为复现词。
【高频词汇】 1.without warning毫无征兆
2.emergency n.突发事件,紧急情况 3.reminder n.提醒人的事物 4.in case of如果;假使 5.agree on对……取得一致意见
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2024外研版高中英语选择性必修第二册同步
Unit 6 Survival
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.While George was reading in the bedroom, two (小偷) climbed into his kitchen.
2.While bringing about some network (罪行), the Internet also benefits our lives.
3.Teachers’ and parents’ guidance plays a [/ kru ( )l/] role in children’s growth.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.No matter how well you hide your food, the (greed) mice will always find it easily.
2.The number of foreign teachers amounts 30 in this school, making it easy for students to learn native English.
3.The new boy fitted in his roommates and they quickly became friends.
4.The reports are restricted descriptions and give no opinions about the facts.
5.However scary the roller-coaster ride is, he gets a taste it.
6.He has committed himself to (do) everything in his power to prevent the crisis from happening.
7.It has not been decided which plan to be adopted; therefore, we have no choice but (wait).
Ⅲ.选词填空
crash into;under construction;figure out;in one’s way
On a Monday morning, I drove my daughter to school as usual. The road was 1. so the traffic was crowded during the rush hour. I couldn’t drive very fast because a lot of buses and cars got 2. . Suddenly, a truck 3. the back of my car. I didn’t even have time to 4. what had happened. My little daughter was so frightened that she burst into tears. Luckily, we weren’t injured and only the surface of the car was damaged.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.我承诺在我父母出差的时候照顾我妹妹。(commitment)
I my sister when my parents were on business.
2.如果你能考虑我的建议,我将不胜感激。(appreciate)
you could take my advice into consideration.
3.据估计,感染该病毒的人数正在急剧增长。(estimate)
the quantity of people infected with the virus is increasing dramatically.
4.新规定对塑料袋的使用进行了严格的限制。(restriction)
The new regulations plastic bags.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
In a seaside suburb of Cape Town, a chacma baboon stole a bag of shopping from a car, 1 window was left open. Besides Cape Town, wild animals can 2 (witness) in other urban areas all over the world. It may be not because the wild animals have taken over our cities, 3 because we humans have invaded their natural habitats. Probably these “urban animals” regard our green cities as their paradise, where they can find enough food. 4 the meantime, they needn’t worry about their predators.
So far, some animals 5 (develop) new skills to adjust to their new homes in the urban areas. Urban racoons are 6 (intelligent) than the wild ones. However, quite a few animals can’t adapt to the urban environment. Recent 7 (study) estimate that more than 400 million birds die from window impacts each year in the US, 8 (make) up around 10% of the total US bird population. Migrant birds have to change their routes through cities with skyscrapers.
Above all, now that animals choose 9 (lead) their urban life, we should learn to understand and appreciate our wild neighbours. Only in this way can we share our urban habitats with them 10 (harmonious).
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2022四川省绵阳南山中学月考)
One spring morning many years ago, I was on southeastern Alaska’s Kupreanof Island when I saw a huge wolf caught in a trap. From her appearance, I inferred that she was a mother wolf and that somewhere hungry pups (幼崽) were waiting for her. I guessed she had been trapped only a few days. So her pups were probably still alive, hungry, surely no more than a few miles away. But I thought that if I released the wolf, she would tear me to pieces.
So I decided to search for her pups instead. Following some footprints, I finally found four tiny pups. One by one, I placed them in a bag and headed back. When the mother wolf spotted me, she stood up, possibly picking up the smell of her young. I released the pups, and they raced to her.
What next I wondered. The mother wolf was clearly suffering. Yet each time I moved in her direction, she let out a terrifying sound.
I put up a shelter for myself and was soon asleep nearby. At dawn, I was awakened by the four pups sniffing at my face and hands. I glanced toward the anxious mother wolf. If only I could win her confidence, I thought. It was her only hope. Over the next few days, I fed her, talked gently with her and played with the pups. But the big animal never took her eyes off me. When I was beginning to lose hope, at dusk on the fifth day, I saw her wagging (摇摆) her tail. I moved within the length of her chain. She remained still. My heart in my mouth, I slowly placed my hand on the wolf’s injured leg. “OK,” I said, “We’ll have you out of there.” I pressed the trap and it sprang open;the wolf pulled herself free.
Slowly, she headed toward me. She smelled my hands and arms and then began licking (舔) my fingers. I was astonished. This went against everything I’d ever heard about wolves. Yet, strangely, it all seemed so natural.
1.What did the writer do after he discovered the mother wolf
A.He looked for the pups.
B.He set up a trap.
C.He put the wolf in a bag.
D.He frightened off the wolf.
2.Why did the writer stay with the wolves for 5 days
A.To study the habit of the wolves.
B.To gain the trust of the mother wolf.
C.To witness the growth of the pups.
D.To experience the charm of the wild.
3.How did the writer feel when he was trying to remove the trap
A.Nervous. B.Proud. C.Relieved. D.Hopeless.
4.What is the main idea of the passage
A.Creatures are born equal.
B.Having comes before giving.
C.Tail-wagging wolves seldom bite.
D.Kindness deserves acceptance.
B
(2023黑龙江哈尔滨九中10月月考)
Antarctica has actually become a kind of space station—a unique and crucial observation post for detecting important changes in the world’s environment. Remote from major sources of pollution and the complex geological and ecological systems that are common elsewhere, Antarctica makes possible scientific measurements that are often sharper and easier to interpret than those made in other parts of the world.
Therefore, growing numbers of scientists see Antarctica as a distant-early-warning sensor, where potentially dangerous global trends may be spotted before they show up to the north. One promising field of investigation is glaciology. Scholars from the United States, Switzerland, and France are pursuing seven separate but related projects that reflect their concern for the health of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet—a concern they believe the whole world should share.
The Transantarctic Mountains, some of them more than 14,000 feet high, divide the continent into two very different regions. The part of the continent to the “east” of the mountains is a high plateau(高原) covered by an ice sheet nearly two miles thick. To the “west” of the mountains, the half of the continent south of the Americas is also covered by an ice sheet, but there the ice rests on rock that is mostly well below sea level. If the West Antarctic Ice Sheet disappeared, the western part of the continent would be reduced to a few sparse(稀疏的) islands.
While ice and snow are obviously central to many environmental experiments, others focus on the mysterious “dry valley” of Antarctica. The valleys contain little ice or snow even in the depths of winter. Through the mountains of southern Victoria Land, these valleys once held enormous glaciers that extended 9,000 feet downward to the Ross Sea. Now the glaciers are gone, perhaps due to the global warming trend during the 10,000 years since the ice age. Even the snow that falls in the dry valleys is blown away by strong winds that roar down from the polar plateau to the sea.
Despite the mysterious aspect of the dry valleys, some scientists believe they may carry a message of hope of the environment. Some scientists believe that in some cases the dry valleys may absorb pollutants faster than pollutants enter them.
5.What is the best title for this passage
A.Antarctica and Environmental Problems
B.Antarctica: a High Plateau
C.Antarctica: a Unique Observation Post
D.Antarctica: a Mysterious Place
6.What would the result be if the West Antarctic Ice Sheet disappeared
A.The western part of the continent would disappear.
B.The western part of the continent would be reduced.
C.The western part of the continent would become a fragmentary island.
D.The western part of the continent would be reduced to a gathering of islands.
7.Why are the Dry Valleys left bare
A.Because strong winds blow the snow away.
B.Because it rarely snows.
C.Because of the global warming trend and fierce wind.
D.Because of ice sheets.
8.Which of the following is TRUE
A.The “Dry Valleys” have nothing left inside.
B.The “Dry Valleys” never held glaciers.
C.The “Dry Valleys” may carry a message of hope.
D.The “Dry Valleys” are useless to scientists.
Ⅲ.七选五
(2022黑龙江八校期中联考)
Natural disasters are terrifying and come without warning, and this underlines the need for disaster management. Natural disasters may cause deaths of crops or damage to properties without warning. Emergency management can reduce the damage and save more lives than if there are no systems set up for disaster security.
There are steps to take when you plan for a natural disaster. Here’s a list of some of them:
1.Ask your local Red Cross chapter or emergency management office for reminders of disasters and emergency management steps. 1 You may also request a list of emergency steps that should be done in each type of disaster.
2.Each community has its own set of emergency signals. 2 Knowing what to do at once gives you a head start in any emergency.
3. 3 Include discussions on what is likely to happen and what should be done in such cases. Plan how each one of you will react and what the responsibilities of each one are, in order to be able to work as a team.
4.Set a meeting place in case of a natural disaster. It should be one within the vicinity (附近) of your workplace or home, and one outside your immediate vicinity. 4 Agree on an emergency telephone that everyone should try to call.
5.Prepare a disaster supply toolbox. Stock it with first aid supplies. 5 Prepare emergency lights like flashlights with batteries. Include a battery-powered radio in the kit so you can listen to updates.
A.Find out what they sound like and what they mean.
B.Discuss the dangers of different types of natural disasters.
C.Try to understand why these signals sound unfamiliar to you.
D.Everyone should try to reach it when a natural disaster happens.
E.Prepare some water and food that should be enough for three days.
F.Find out any disaster management plan that your community has.
G.This is also the best time to ask what kind of disaster may likely take place.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
答案与分层梯度式解析
Unit 6 Survival
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.thieves
易错归因 本题易错填thiefs,主要原因是对以-f/-fe结尾的可数名词变复数的规则不清楚。该规则是把f/fe变为v,再加-es。可以借助以下口诀掌握这些变化的词:小偷(thief)和妻子(wife)头戴叶子(leaf),拿着小刀(knife)去杀狼(wolf),走了一半(half),碰倒了架子(shelf)。但要注意:roof(屋顶)和proof(证据)两个词虽以-f结尾,但其复数形式是在词尾直接加-s,而不是变f为v加-es。
2.crimes 3.crucial
Ⅱ.1.greedy 考查形容词。根据空后的名词mice可知,此处应用形容词作定语,由语境可知此处表示“贪吃的,贪心的”,故填greedy。
2.to 考查介词。句意:这所学校的外教数量共计30人,使学生能轻易学到地道的英语。amount to总计,共计。
3.with 考查介词。句意:新来的男孩和他的室友们相处得很好,他们很快就成了朋友。 fit in with sb.意为“与某人相处融洽”。
4.to 考查介词。句意:这些报告只局限于描述(事实),对事实不发表意见。be restricted to 仅限于,局限于。
5.for 考查介词。句意:无论坐过山车有多么可怕,他都喜欢上了它。get a taste for为固定搭配,意为“喜欢上……”。
6.doing 考查非谓语动词。commit oneself to (doing) sth.意为“使自己致力于(做)某事”,其中to为介词,后跟动词时用其动名词形式。
7.to wait 考查不定式。句意:采纳哪一项计划还没有决定,因此,我们别无选择只能等待。have no choice but to do为固定结构,意为“除了做……别无选择”。
Ⅲ.1.under construction 2.in my way 3.crashed into 4.figure out
Ⅳ.1.made a commitment to take care of
2.I would appreciate it if
3.It is estimated that
4.imposed/placed strict restrictions on the use of
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.whose 考查定语从句。设空处前面内容意思完整,不缺成分,空处无提示词,逗号前面的名词car与空后的window有所属关系,故此处应是whose引导的非限制性定语从句。whose在从句中作定语修饰window。
2.be witnessed 考查语态。句意:除了开普敦,全世界其他市区也能见到野生动物。分析句子结构可知,本句谓语部分不完整,wild animals与witness为被动关系,所以填be witnessed,与can一起构成谓语。
3.but 考查连词。句意:这可能不是因为野生动物占领了我们的城市,而是因为我们人类入侵了它们的自然栖息地。not...but...不是……而是……。
4.In 考查介词。in the meantime在此期间,与此同时。
5.have developed 考查时态。设空处为该句的谓语,由时间状语So far可知此处应用现在完成时。
6.more intelligent 考查比较级。根据空后的than可知此处应用比较级。
7.studies 考查名词的数。分析句子结构可知设空处作主语,谓语动词为estimate,因此主语应该用复数名词。句意:最近的研究估计,在美国每年有超过4亿只鸟死于撞击窗户,占美国鸟类总数的10%左右。
8.making 考查现在分词。分析句子结构可知,that从句中已有谓语die from,因此设空处为非谓语动词。more than 400 million birds与make up 为主动关系,因此用现在分词形式作状语。
9.to lead 考查动词不定式。choose to do sth.选择做某事,因此填to lead。
10.harmoniously 考查副词。此处在句中作状语,因此用副词形式。
Ⅱ.A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。作者看到了受伤的母狼,并决定为其寻找幼崽,还想尽办法帮助母狼脱离陷阱,母狼也一点点卸下了戒备之心。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“So I decided to search for her pups instead.”可知,当作者发现这头母狼以后作者决定去寻找它的幼崽。A项中的looked for与文中的search for为同义词组。
2.B 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“If only I could win her confidence, I thought. It was her only hope.(我想,要是我能赢得它的信任就好了。这是它唯一的希望。)”可知,作者想要赢得母狼的信任,这是母狼得救的唯一希望,所以作者和几头狼待了5天。
3.A 推理判断题。根据第四段中的“My heart in my mouth, I slowly placed my hand on the wolf’s injured leg.(我的心都提到嗓子眼儿了,我慢慢地将手放在母狼受伤的腿上。)”可推知,当作者试图取走捕捉器时,他感到很紧张。nervous紧张的;proud骄傲的;relieved感到宽慰的;hopeless无望的。故选A。
4.D 主旨大意题。浏览全文可知,文章前两段讲述的是作者发现了被困在陷阱中的母狼,想到它的幼崽一定在焦急地等待着,于是找到了它们。第三、四段中作者试图让幼崽回到母狼身边时,发现它十分戒备,为了取得母狼的信任,尽心照顾它和幼崽,并且帮母狼脱离陷阱。最后,母狼十分感激,走向作者还舔了他的手指。由此可以看出,母狼从最一开始的充满惊恐和防备,到逐渐的接纳并最后表示出感激之意,是因为作者一次次善良的行为感化了它,所以这篇文章传达的主旨就是“善良值得认可”。A.生物生来平等;B.拥有先于给予;C.摇尾巴的狼很少咬人。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.trap n.(捕捉动物的)捕捉器,陷阱,罗网v.用捕捉器捕捉,设陷阱捕捉(动物) 2.release vt.释放,放走;发泄;公布,发布 3.tear v.撕碎 4.search for寻找 5.spot v.看见;注意到 n.地点;场所 6.put up 建造;举起 7.press v.按,压(使启动)
【差距词汇】 pick up 发现;识别
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文,介绍了南极洲在监测环境问题方面的价值和南极洲干谷给治理环境问题带来的新启示。
5.A 主旨大意题。根据文章首句的介绍(南极洲已经成为一种空间站——一个独特且重要的监测世界环境的重要变化的观察站)并结合前两段的内容可知,南极洲在监测环境方面发挥了重要的作用。第三段介绍了南极洲冰原消失所产生的影响。第四、五段论述了对南极洲干谷的调查研究,并且一些科学家认为在某些情况下干谷吸收污染物的速度会快于污染物进入的速度,所以这些干谷给治理环境问题带来了希望。由此可知,文章主要论述了南极洲和相关的环境问题,故A项“南极洲和环境问题”可作为文章标题。
6.D 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句可知,如果西南极洲冰原消失,这个洲的西部会缩小为一些稀疏的岛屿群,故D项“洲的西部会缩小为一些岛屿的聚集”符合题意。
7.C 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后两句的内容可知,现在冰川消失了,也许是因为自冰河时代以来的10,000年中的全球变暖趋势。即使有雪落下来,也会被从极地高原咆哮而下刮向海洋的大风吹走。由此可以得出,干谷变得光秃的原因是全球变暖和狂风的作用,故选C。
8.C 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句的内容可知,尽管干谷有其神秘的方面,一些科学家认为它们可能为环境问题带来希望,故C项“干谷可能带来希望”符合题意。
【高频词汇】 1.observation n.观察 2.detect v.探测 3.measurement n.测量的结果 4.promising adj.有前途的;有指望的 5.be reduced to被缩小到;沦为
6.mysterious adj.神秘的,难以理解的
【差距词汇】 1.sensor n.传感器 2.glaciology n.冰川学
长难句 原句 Remote from major sources of pollution and the complex geological and ecological systems that are common elsewhere, Antarctica makes possible scientific measurements that are often sharper and easier to interpret than those made in other parts of the world.
分析 “Remote from major sources of pollution and the complex geological and ecological systems that are common elsewhere”为形容词短语作原因状语,其中that引导定语从句,先行词是the complex geological and ecological systems。主句中,makes是谓语动词,scientific measurements是宾语,“that are often...of the world”为that引导的定语从句,修饰宾语;possible是提到前面的宾语补足语。
译文 南极洲远离主要污染源和其他地方常见的复杂的地质和生态系统,使科学的测量结果成为可能,这些测量的结果往往比那些在世界其他地方所做的测量的结果更精确、更容易解释。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了当你计划应对自然灾害时所要采取的步骤。
1.G 过渡句。设空处与前后文构成的语境为:向当地红十字会或应急管理办公室询问灾害提醒和应急管理措施→ 1 →你也可以要求一份每一种灾难中应该采取的紧急措施的列表。设空处承上启下,G项“这也是询问可能发生何种灾难的最佳时机。”符合语境。G项中的ask是复现词,what kind of disaster与空后的each type of disaster照应。
2.A 细节句。根据空前句“Each community has its own set of emergency signals.”可知,本段主要讲述要对社区的紧急信号有所了解。A项“弄清楚它们听起来像什么以及它们是什么意思。”符合语境,A项中的they指代空前句中的emergency signals。
3.B 主旨句。结合文中第4点和第5点开头句可知,此处应选祈使句作为本段的主旨句。由空后提到“包括关于在这种情况下可能会发生什么以及应该做什么的讨论”可知,设空句应提及关键词discuss。B项“讨论不同类型自然灾害的危害。”符合语境。
4.D 细节句。上文提到设置一个会面地点,以防发生自然灾害,它应该是一个在你的工作场所或家附近的地点,一个在你紧邻场所的外面的地点。因此设空句应进一步解释为何选择这样的地点作为集合地点,D项“当自然灾害发生时,每个人都应该设法到达那里。”为合理解释,符合语境。
5.E 细节句。根据主题句“Prepare a disaster supply toolbox.(准备一个灾难应急工具箱。)”可知,在准备灾难应急工具箱时,水和食物应是必需品。E项“准备一些足够用三天的水和食物。”符合语境,其中E项中的Prepare为复现词。
【高频词汇】 1.without warning毫无征兆
2.emergency n.突发事件,紧急情况 3.reminder n.提醒人的事物 4.in case of如果;假使 5.agree on对……取得一致意见
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