2024外研版高中英语选择性必修第三册同步练习--Unit 2 Part 2 Using language（含答案与解析）
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2024外研版高中英语选择性必修第三册同步
Part 2 Using language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Chen Shifeng, a retired soldier, developed a new “war gown(战袍)” for medical use trial and error.
2.We should help our mother do some housework like washing the dishes, doing the laundry and cooking on a daily (base).
3.I know the boy called Bob, who is brave and never backs from anything.
Ⅱ.单元语法专练
题型(一)
1.This is my father has taught me—always face difficulties bravely and hope for the best.
2.The question is will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.
3.—I have a headache.
—It is you have slept too much these days.
4.The first unique human characteristic is humans have extraordinarily large brains compared with other animals.
5.What I was uncertain about was we could overcome the difficulties all by ourselves.
6.I am afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is he never finishes anything.
题型(二)
用适当的连接词补全短文
I read a report last night. The content was 1. a lot of people died in a traffic accident last Sunday. What astonished me most is 2. some babies lost their lives. That’s 3. I want to remind you of. I think the important thing is 4. the government has taken some measures to deal with it and5. we can help them. My suggestion is 6. we should obey the traffic rules. That’s 7. we should be responsible for ourselves as well as others.
题型(三)
将下面短文中带有下划线的句子改写为含有表语从句的主从复合句,并保持句意不变
Are there any patients around you with Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔茨海默病) (1)According to a new study, engaging in negative thinking patterns for a long time may raise the risk of Alzheimer’s disease.
In the study of people aged over 55, researchers found that “repetitive negative thinking (RNT)” is closely linked to the decline of subsequent cognitive abilities(随后的认知能力). (2)That is to say, the decline of Alzheimer’s patients’ cognitive abilities may be caused by RNT.
Dr Natalie Marchant, one of the lead researchers, said, “We found that certain thinking patterns related to depression and anxiety could be the main reason why people with those disorders are more likely to develop dementia. (3)To lower people’s risk of dementia, I suggest we develop some strategies to help them reduce their negative thinking patterns.”
(1)
(2)
(3)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2022辽宁本溪二中期末)
In 2015, Professor Wang Zhenyi, who specializes in treating acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) (急性早幼粒细胞白血病), received a letter of thanks from America. The writer of the letter was Mrs. Bernadette Giandomenico, who once suffered from APL but was cured with all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) (全反式维甲酸), a treatment developed by Wang and his medical team.
Working at Ruijin Hospital, Wang has been devoting his life to the treatment of leukemia. He received the country’s highest honor in science and technology in 2010.
Born in 1924 in Shanghai, Wang was inspired by a family friend’s experience of pursuing a career in medicine as a child. His grandmother’s death caused by typhoid further strengthened his resolve to fight against diseases and rescue patients. With outstanding academic performance, Wang became a doctor at Guangci Hospital, today’s Ruijin Hospital.
In 1978, a research paper from Israeli experts gave Wang inspiration to study how leukemia cells could become normal. Nonetheless, his research didn’t progress as expected. In 1983, another research paper shed light on his study. As the paper suggested, after being treated with 13 cis Retinoic Acid, white blood cells in patients with APL could become normal. Considering the difficulties and high cost of producing a drug made from 13 cis Retinoic Acid, Wang’s team decided to replace that ingredient with ATRA, and they finally verified its positive effect after several months’ experiments. In 1986, the drug was first adopted in treating a five year old patient. It turned out to be successful. After eight years of research, Wang’s team eventually made the first breakthrough in the battle against APL.
To make sure every APL patient could afford the medicine, Wang has not patented his research result to date. “One cannot be a real doctor if one does not have expertise in medicine,” Wang said in an interview. “However, without a kind heart, a skilled doctor may cause harm to patients.”
Having worked in the field of hematopathology (血液病理学) for over 70 years, Wang has been well recognized for his remarkable contribution to saving lives.
1.Why did Mrs. Giandomenico write a letter to Professor Wang
A.To ask for medical suggestions. B.To share her battle against APL.
C.To express her appreciation. D.To update information about her treatment.
2.What increased Wang’s determination to become a doctor
A.His grandmother’s death. B.His great academic achievement.
C.The inspiration from foreign experts. D.The experience of a family friend.
3.What does the underlined word “verified” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A.Denied. B.Assessed. C.Predicted. D.Confirmed.
4.What is the best title for the text
A.The application of ATRA B.A doctor with the human touch
C.The Chinese cure for APL patients D.A lifesaver with remarkable honor
Ⅱ.七选五
(2023北京海淀区月考)
In science, advances are a daily occurrence, but true breakthroughs are rare. What does it take to achieve world changing scientific breakthroughs Some are the result of a lucky accident, combined with curiosity. Scientists traveling down one road suddenly find reason to switch to another road, one they have never planned to travel—a road that may well lead nowhere.
1 One day, usually initially in their career, they get an idea they can’t stop thinking about. It’s crazy, they say to themselves, but is it really impossible They talk to respected colleagues who often remind them of all the reasons that their ideas might not work, and how damaging this could be to their career. Yet, the idea won’t die and they are determined to travel that road—a road that may well lead nowhere. 2
Whichever road scientists who achieve lifesaving breakthroughs travel, they often endure disinterest, like Fleming, who discovered penicillin(青霉素) due to lucky accidents and curiosity, or repeated skepticism and rejection, like Karikó, who made all mRNA vaccines possible with years of persistence and resilience. By bringing their dreams to life, they were rewarded with fame, wealth and something even more valuable. 3
Of course, the obsession (痴迷) with an unlikely dream fails to pay off for many scientists. 4 Nature doesn’t turn out to operate the way they have predicted it. In the end, their beautiful theory is killed by brutal facts. For those dreamers on the right track, they would have achieved their dreams—if only they had done the experiment a little differently, if only they had persisted a little longer, or if only the support for their work had not run out.
Ultimately, scientific breakthroughs are possible only if a society is willing to invest in dreamers, recognizing that not all investments will lead to major breakthroughs. 5 Above all, the investments prevent suffering and death and change the world.
A.Some scientists are addicted to their crazy ideas.
B.Their ideas, though brilliant, in the end are proved wrong.
C.But they refuse to back down and struggle to find more financial support.
D.Because of them, millions of people around the world avoid getting sick or death.
E.Other major breakthroughs originate from scientists pursuing a specific idea.
F.But sometimes the road leads to major breakthroughs like X rays and vaccines.
G.However, the investments leading to breakthroughs bring a greater economic return.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2023湖南师大附中月考) Zhang Qian, an outstanding diplomat (外交官) and explorer in the Han Dynasty, with a pioneering and adventurous 1 as well as a strong and unyielding character, was 2 as the“pioneer of the silk road”,“the first Chinese to open the eyes to see the world”and“the Columbus of the 3 ”. As early as 2,000 years ago, Zhang Qian was 4 a mission to seek allies (同盟国) in the west of China to 5 the enemies in northern tribes. Along the way, no matter how difficult the environment was, his 6 was firm. But soon Zhang was 7 by the Huns just as he left the Han territory and was held as a prisoner for a dozen years. After an eleven spring and autumn cycle, the Huns’ 8 became loose. Therefore, Zhang ran away with his personal 9 . They continued to travel west without any dry food and drinking water. Due to the excellent skill of shooting arrows, they 10 by eating birds and animals along the way. After several days, they 11 arrived in the Amu Darya area. However, people there enjoyed their life and didn’t want any war. Though Zhang didn’t finish his mission, he brought back precious 12 of the Western regions. Due to the 13 of Zhang Qian, the Silk Road started. Through his diplomatic practice, the bridge of friendly exchanges between the Han Dynasty and Western countries was 14 , and the cultural and economic exchanges between the Han Dynasty and Western countries were promoted. Zhang’s journey to the Western regions breathed new 15 into the civilization and progress of the whole world. 1.A.will B.spirit C.team D.tradition 2.A.played B.dressed C.mistaken D.honored 3.A.North B.East C.South D.West 4.A.assigned B.frozen C.withdrawn D.stuck 5.A.compromise with B.take over C.fight against D.learn from 6.A.statement B.position C.faith D.reputation 7.A.captured B.persuaded C.threatened D.challenged 8.A.watch B.atmosphere C.investigation D.requirement 9.A.cattle B.waitresses C.cooks D.guards 10.A.surrounded B.survived C.sheltered D.strengthened 11.A.constantly B.violently C.extensively D.eventually 12.A.secrets B.antiques C.knowledge D.slaves 13.A.greed B.wealth C.effort D.violence 14.A.constructed B.reformed C.preserved D.assessed 15.A.smell B.vitality C.fashion D.discipline
Part 2 Using language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.by/through 考查介词。句意:退役军人陈士峰通过反复试验研制了一种新型医用“战袍”。by/through trial and error意为“通过反复试验”。
2.basis 考查名词。句意:我们应该每天都帮妈妈做一些家务,比如洗碗、洗衣和做饭。根据空前的不定冠词a和形容词daily可知,此处应填名词。on a daily basis意为“每天”。
3.down 考查副词。 句意:我认识那个叫鲍勃的男孩,他很勇敢,做任何事情从不认输。back down(from sth.)意为“放弃(做某事);认输”。
Ⅱ.题型(一)
1.what 句意:这就是我父亲教给我的——永远勇敢地面对困难并抱最好的希望。is为系动词,设空处引导表语从句,并在从句中作动词taught的宾语,表示“……的事物”,故填what。
2.who 句意:问题是明天谁和我一起去北京旅游。空格处引导表语从句,在从句中作主语,表示“谁”,故填who。
3.because 句意:——我头疼。——这是因为这些天你睡得太多了。is后是表语从句,表示原因,故填because。
4.that 句意:人类的第一个独有的特征是,与其他动物相比,人类的大脑(容量)特别大。设空处在句中引导表语从句,没有实际意义,只起连接作用,在从句中不作任何成分,故填that。
5.whether 句意:我不确定的是我们是否能完全靠自己克服这些困难。分析句子结构可知,“ we could overcome the difficulties all by ourselves”为表语从句,表语从句中不缺成分,根据句意可知应用whether,意为“是否”。 注意:if不能引导表语从句。
6.why 句意:恐怕与其说他是一个实干家,不如说他是一个空谈家,这就是他一事无成的原因。which引导非限制性定语从句,定语从句中又包含了一个表语从句,根据句意可知应用why。
题型(二)
1.that 2.that 3.what 4.whether 5.how 6.that 7.because
题型(三)
(1)According to a new study, engaging in negative thinking patterns for a long time may be what raises the risk of Alzheimer’s disease.
(2)That is to say, RNT may be what causes the decline of Alzheimer’s patients’ cognitive abilities.
(3)To lower people’s risk of dementia, my suggestion is that we develop some strategies to help them reduce their negative thinking patterns.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了获得了国家最高科学技术奖的王振义院士的个人经历以及他对白血病的研究过程。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“received a letter of thanks from America(收到一封来自美国的感谢信)”及“The writer of the letter was Mrs. Bernadette Giandomenico, who once suffered from APL but was cured with...a treatment developed by Wang and his medical team.(这封信的作者是贝尔纳黛特·詹多梅尼科太太,她曾患有急性早幼粒细胞白血病,但用全反式维甲酸治愈了,这是一种由王振义和他的医疗团队开发的治疗方法。)”可知,詹多梅尼科太太给王教授写信是为了表达她的感激。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“His grandmother’s death caused by typhoid further strengthened his resolve to fight against diseases and rescue patients.(他的祖母因伤寒去世,进一步坚定了他与病魔作斗争、挽救病人的决心。)”可知,祖母的死坚定了王振义成为一名医生的决心。
3.D 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“its positive effect after several months’ experiments. In 1986, the drug was first adopted in treating a five year old patient. It turned out to be successful.”可知,1986年,该药首次用于治疗一名5岁的病人,结果很成功。说明经过几个月的实验,王教授和他的团队最终证实了全反式维甲酸的积极效果。由此可知画线词意为“证实”。A.拒绝;B.评估;C.预测;D.证实。故选D。
4.B 主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段中的“‘One cannot be a real doctor if one does not have expertise in medicine,’ Wang said in an interview. ‘However, without a kind heart, a skilled doctor may cause harm to patients.’(王振义在一次采访中说:‘一个人如果没有医学专业知识,就不能成为真正的医生。但是,如果没有一颗善良的心,一个技术娴熟的医生可能会对病人造成伤害。’)”,再结合文章主要介绍了王振义医生的个人经历以及他对白血病的研究过程和为挽救生命做出的卓越贡献可知,B项(一个有人情味的医生)最适合作文章标题。
易错归因 本题易错选D项,D项也说明了王教授为挽救生命做出的贡献,但D项侧重的是他的荣誉,而文中着重讲的是他的经历和他善良的品质,D项的侧重点不对,故排除。
【高频词汇】 1.pursue v.追求 2.strengthen v.加强
3.resolve n.决心;坚定的信念 4.replace vt.代替;替换
5.make a breakthrough in在……方面取得突破性进展
【差距词汇】 patent vt.获得专利权 n.专利权
长难句
原句 The writer of the letter was Mrs. Bernadette Giandomenico, who once suffered from APL but was cured with all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) (全反式维甲酸), a treatment developed by Wang and his medical team.
分析 本句为主从复合句。“who once suffered from APL but was cured with all trans retinoic acid (ATRA)”为who引导的定语从句;a treatment为同位语,“developed by Wang and his medical team”为过去分词短语作后置定语。
译文 这封信的作者是贝尔纳黛特·詹多梅尼科太太,她曾患有急性早幼粒细胞白血病,但用全反式维甲酸治愈了,这是一种由王振义和他的医疗团队开发的治疗方法。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。在科学领域,很多突破源于幸运的意外,有时源于科学家的不断追求和不放弃,作者得出结论:只有当社会愿意投资于这些梦想家并且认识到并非所有的投资都会带来重大突破时,才有可能获得改变世界的科学突破。
1.E 主旨句。第一段第二、三句谈到“获得改变世界的科学突破需要什么呢 有些是幸运的意外加上好奇心的结果”。E项“其他重大突破源于科学家对特定想法的追求。”与上一段中的“Some are the result...curiosity.”形成照应,且空格后面的内容展开阐释了E项内容,所以E项符合语境,故选E。
2.F 细节句。空格处前一句意为“但是,这个想法不会消亡,他们决心走那条路——一条很可能一无所获的路”。由本段主题句(第1空)可知,本段主要讲科学家对特定想法的追求可能会取得改变世界的科学突破,所以在讲完科学家对特定想法的追求可能产生的不良结果后,还需说明可能产生的有价值的结果(这是重点),F项“但有时这条路会带来重大突破,如X光和疫苗。”与上句构成转折关系,与前面的“一无所获”的结果相反,符合语境。故选F。
3.D 细节句。上文介绍了弗莱明发现青霉素,卡里科使所有mRNA疫苗成为可能,通过实现自己的梦想,这些科学家获得了名利和更宝贵的东西。D项“因为他们,全世界数百万人避免了生病或死亡。”符合本段语境,故选D。
4.B 细节句。空前句谈到对许多科学家来说,痴迷于一个不太可能实现的梦并没有得到回报,结合空后两句“结果是大自然并不会像他们预测的那样运转。最终,他们美好的理论被残酷的事实扼杀”可推知,B项“他们的想法虽然很棒,但最终被证明是错误的。”与上下文关系密切,符合语境,故选B。
5.G 细节句。设空处与前后文构成的语意结构为:归根结底,只有社会愿意投资于梦想家,认识到并非所有的投资都会带来重大突破,科学突破才有可能实现→ 5 →最重要的是,投资可以防止痛苦和死亡,并改变世界。G项“然而,带来突破的投资会带来更大的经济回报。”与上文的“并非所有的投资都会带来重大突破”形成转折,同时,与下文形成递进关系,符合语境,故选G。
【高频词汇】 1.advance n.进步;进展 v.前进;发展;促进 2.breakthrough n.重大进展;突破 3.switch v.(使)改变;转换;交换;转变 n.开关;转换器;改变 4.remind vt.提醒;使想起 5.determined adj.有决心的;意志坚定的
【差距词汇】 1.brutal adj.冷酷的;残暴的 2.on the right track思路正确
长难句
原句 Whichever road scientists who achieve lifesaving breakthroughs travel, they often endure disinterest, like Fleming, who discovered penicillin due to lucky accidents and curiosity, or repeated skepticism and rejection, like Karikó, who made all mRNA vaccines possible with years of persistence and resilience.
分析 本句是一个主从复合句。主句是“they often endure disinterest, like Fleming, or repeated skepticism and rejection, like Karikó”,主句中的宾语由并列连词or连接的并列成分构成,两个like...都表示列举;后面两个关系代词who都引导非限制性定语从句,分别修饰先行词Fleming和Karikó;Whichever引导让步状语从句,其中的关系代词who引导定语从句,修饰先行词scientists。
译文 无论取得拯救生命的突破的科学家们走哪条路,他们通常都忍受着冷漠,比如弗莱明,由于幸运的意外和好奇心,他发现了青霉素,或者忍受着反复的怀疑和拒绝,比如卡里科,她用多年的坚持和适应力使所有mRNA疫苗成为可能。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了张骞历经艰险出使西域,开启了丝绸之路的故事,及其对促进东西方文化、经济交流的影响。
1.B 句意:张骞是汉朝杰出的外交官、探险家,具有开拓冒险精神和坚强不屈的性格,被誉为“丝绸之路的开创者”“第一个睁开眼睛看世界的中国人”“东方的哥伦布”。根据空后的“as well as a strong and unyielding character”可知,张骞具有开拓冒险的精神(spirit)和坚强不屈的性格。
2.D 句意同上。be honored as意为“被誉为”,符合语境。
3.B 根据上文“Zhang Qian, an outstanding diplomat (外交官) and explorer in the Han Dynasty”可知,张骞是汉朝人,故被誉为“东方(the East)的哥伦布”。
4.A 根据空后“a mission to seek allies (同盟国) in the west of China”可知,张骞被派到中国西部寻求盟友。assign分派(任务);freeze冷冻;withdraw撤回;stick陷入。
5.C 根据空后“the enemies in northern tribes”可知,此处指对抗北方部落的敌人。compromise with妥协;take over接管;fight against对抗;learn from向……学习。
6.C 根据语境及下文他被囚禁十几年可知,无论环境多么艰难,他的信念始终坚定。statement声明;position地位;faith信念;reputation名声。
7.A 根据下文“was held as a prisoner for a dozen years”可知,张骞离开汉朝领土后不久,被匈奴人囚禁了十几年。由此可知,张骞被俘虏了。capture俘虏;persuade说服;threaten威胁;challenge挑战。
8.A 根据下文“Therefore, Zhang ran away”可知,张骞逃了出来。由此可知,此处指匈奴人的警戒放松了。watch监视,警戒;atmosphere气氛,氛围;investigation调查,侦察;requirement必要条件。
9.D 根据下文“They continued to travel west”可知,他们继续向西前行。由此可推知,张骞带着他的贴身护卫一起逃跑了。cattle牛;waitress侍女,女仆;cook厨师;guard卫兵,警卫。
10.B 根据“by eating birds and animals along the way”可知,尽管没有干粮和水,但是由于具有高超的射箭技术,他们通过沿途猎食鸟类和动物而活了下来。surround包围;survive生存;shelter保护;strengthen加强。
11.D 根据上下文可知,张骞一行人历经艰险,终于到达阿姆河地区。constantly始终;violently强烈地;extensively广阔地;eventually终于。
12.C 根据上下文可知,虽然张骞没有完成(寻找盟友的)使命,但他带回了宝贵的西域知识。secret秘密;antique古董;knowledge知识;slave奴隶。
13.C 根据“the Silk Road started”可知,张骞出使西域促进了中国和西方物质文化交流,所以由于他的努力,丝绸之路开始了。greed贪婪;wealth财富;effort努力;violence暴力。
14.A 根据“and the cultural and economic exchanges between the Han Dynasty and Western countries were promoted”可知,张骞的外交实践架起了汉朝与西方国家友好交往的桥梁。construct建造;reform改革;preserve维护;assess评估。
15.B 根据上下文可知,张骞出使西域为世界文明与进步注入了新的活力。smell气味;vitality活力;fashion时尚;discipline纪律。
【高频词汇】 1.outstanding adj.杰出的,优秀的
2.explorer n.探险者 3.mission n.使命;任务
4.exchange n.& v.交流;交换
【差距词汇】 unyielding adj.坚定的;顽强不屈的
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2024外研版高中英语选择性必修第三册同步
Part 2 Using language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.Chen Shifeng, a retired soldier, developed a new “war gown(战袍)” for medical use trial and error.
2.We should help our mother do some housework like washing the dishes, doing the laundry and cooking on a daily (base).
3.I know the boy called Bob, who is brave and never backs from anything.
Ⅱ.单元语法专练
题型(一)
1.This is my father has taught me—always face difficulties bravely and hope for the best.
2.The question is will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.
3.—I have a headache.
—It is you have slept too much these days.
4.The first unique human characteristic is humans have extraordinarily large brains compared with other animals.
5.What I was uncertain about was we could overcome the difficulties all by ourselves.
6.I am afraid he’s more of a talker than a doer, which is he never finishes anything.
题型(二)
用适当的连接词补全短文
I read a report last night. The content was 1. a lot of people died in a traffic accident last Sunday. What astonished me most is 2. some babies lost their lives. That’s 3. I want to remind you of. I think the important thing is 4. the government has taken some measures to deal with it and5. we can help them. My suggestion is 6. we should obey the traffic rules. That’s 7. we should be responsible for ourselves as well as others.
题型(三)
将下面短文中带有下划线的句子改写为含有表语从句的主从复合句,并保持句意不变
Are there any patients around you with Alzheimer’s disease (阿尔茨海默病) (1)According to a new study, engaging in negative thinking patterns for a long time may raise the risk of Alzheimer’s disease.
In the study of people aged over 55, researchers found that “repetitive negative thinking (RNT)” is closely linked to the decline of subsequent cognitive abilities(随后的认知能力). (2)That is to say, the decline of Alzheimer’s patients’ cognitive abilities may be caused by RNT.
Dr Natalie Marchant, one of the lead researchers, said, “We found that certain thinking patterns related to depression and anxiety could be the main reason why people with those disorders are more likely to develop dementia. (3)To lower people’s risk of dementia, I suggest we develop some strategies to help them reduce their negative thinking patterns.”
(1)
(2)
(3)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2022辽宁本溪二中期末)
In 2015, Professor Wang Zhenyi, who specializes in treating acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) (急性早幼粒细胞白血病), received a letter of thanks from America. The writer of the letter was Mrs. Bernadette Giandomenico, who once suffered from APL but was cured with all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) (全反式维甲酸), a treatment developed by Wang and his medical team.
Working at Ruijin Hospital, Wang has been devoting his life to the treatment of leukemia. He received the country’s highest honor in science and technology in 2010.
Born in 1924 in Shanghai, Wang was inspired by a family friend’s experience of pursuing a career in medicine as a child. His grandmother’s death caused by typhoid further strengthened his resolve to fight against diseases and rescue patients. With outstanding academic performance, Wang became a doctor at Guangci Hospital, today’s Ruijin Hospital.
In 1978, a research paper from Israeli experts gave Wang inspiration to study how leukemia cells could become normal. Nonetheless, his research didn’t progress as expected. In 1983, another research paper shed light on his study. As the paper suggested, after being treated with 13 cis Retinoic Acid, white blood cells in patients with APL could become normal. Considering the difficulties and high cost of producing a drug made from 13 cis Retinoic Acid, Wang’s team decided to replace that ingredient with ATRA, and they finally verified its positive effect after several months’ experiments. In 1986, the drug was first adopted in treating a five year old patient. It turned out to be successful. After eight years of research, Wang’s team eventually made the first breakthrough in the battle against APL.
To make sure every APL patient could afford the medicine, Wang has not patented his research result to date. “One cannot be a real doctor if one does not have expertise in medicine,” Wang said in an interview. “However, without a kind heart, a skilled doctor may cause harm to patients.”
Having worked in the field of hematopathology (血液病理学) for over 70 years, Wang has been well recognized for his remarkable contribution to saving lives.
1.Why did Mrs. Giandomenico write a letter to Professor Wang
A.To ask for medical suggestions. B.To share her battle against APL.
C.To express her appreciation. D.To update information about her treatment.
2.What increased Wang’s determination to become a doctor
A.His grandmother’s death. B.His great academic achievement.
C.The inspiration from foreign experts. D.The experience of a family friend.
3.What does the underlined word “verified” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A.Denied. B.Assessed. C.Predicted. D.Confirmed.
4.What is the best title for the text
A.The application of ATRA B.A doctor with the human touch
C.The Chinese cure for APL patients D.A lifesaver with remarkable honor
Ⅱ.七选五
(2023北京海淀区月考)
In science, advances are a daily occurrence, but true breakthroughs are rare. What does it take to achieve world changing scientific breakthroughs Some are the result of a lucky accident, combined with curiosity. Scientists traveling down one road suddenly find reason to switch to another road, one they have never planned to travel—a road that may well lead nowhere.
1 One day, usually initially in their career, they get an idea they can’t stop thinking about. It’s crazy, they say to themselves, but is it really impossible They talk to respected colleagues who often remind them of all the reasons that their ideas might not work, and how damaging this could be to their career. Yet, the idea won’t die and they are determined to travel that road—a road that may well lead nowhere. 2
Whichever road scientists who achieve lifesaving breakthroughs travel, they often endure disinterest, like Fleming, who discovered penicillin(青霉素) due to lucky accidents and curiosity, or repeated skepticism and rejection, like Karikó, who made all mRNA vaccines possible with years of persistence and resilience. By bringing their dreams to life, they were rewarded with fame, wealth and something even more valuable. 3
Of course, the obsession (痴迷) with an unlikely dream fails to pay off for many scientists. 4 Nature doesn’t turn out to operate the way they have predicted it. In the end, their beautiful theory is killed by brutal facts. For those dreamers on the right track, they would have achieved their dreams—if only they had done the experiment a little differently, if only they had persisted a little longer, or if only the support for their work had not run out.
Ultimately, scientific breakthroughs are possible only if a society is willing to invest in dreamers, recognizing that not all investments will lead to major breakthroughs. 5 Above all, the investments prevent suffering and death and change the world.
A.Some scientists are addicted to their crazy ideas.
B.Their ideas, though brilliant, in the end are proved wrong.
C.But they refuse to back down and struggle to find more financial support.
D.Because of them, millions of people around the world avoid getting sick or death.
E.Other major breakthroughs originate from scientists pursuing a specific idea.
F.But sometimes the road leads to major breakthroughs like X rays and vaccines.
G.However, the investments leading to breakthroughs bring a greater economic return.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2023湖南师大附中月考) Zhang Qian, an outstanding diplomat (外交官) and explorer in the Han Dynasty, with a pioneering and adventurous 1 as well as a strong and unyielding character, was 2 as the“pioneer of the silk road”,“the first Chinese to open the eyes to see the world”and“the Columbus of the 3 ”. As early as 2,000 years ago, Zhang Qian was 4 a mission to seek allies (同盟国) in the west of China to 5 the enemies in northern tribes. Along the way, no matter how difficult the environment was, his 6 was firm. But soon Zhang was 7 by the Huns just as he left the Han territory and was held as a prisoner for a dozen years. After an eleven spring and autumn cycle, the Huns’ 8 became loose. Therefore, Zhang ran away with his personal 9 . They continued to travel west without any dry food and drinking water. Due to the excellent skill of shooting arrows, they 10 by eating birds and animals along the way. After several days, they 11 arrived in the Amu Darya area. However, people there enjoyed their life and didn’t want any war. Though Zhang didn’t finish his mission, he brought back precious 12 of the Western regions. Due to the 13 of Zhang Qian, the Silk Road started. Through his diplomatic practice, the bridge of friendly exchanges between the Han Dynasty and Western countries was 14 , and the cultural and economic exchanges between the Han Dynasty and Western countries were promoted. Zhang’s journey to the Western regions breathed new 15 into the civilization and progress of the whole world. 1.A.will B.spirit C.team D.tradition 2.A.played B.dressed C.mistaken D.honored 3.A.North B.East C.South D.West 4.A.assigned B.frozen C.withdrawn D.stuck 5.A.compromise with B.take over C.fight against D.learn from 6.A.statement B.position C.faith D.reputation 7.A.captured B.persuaded C.threatened D.challenged 8.A.watch B.atmosphere C.investigation D.requirement 9.A.cattle B.waitresses C.cooks D.guards 10.A.surrounded B.survived C.sheltered D.strengthened 11.A.constantly B.violently C.extensively D.eventually 12.A.secrets B.antiques C.knowledge D.slaves 13.A.greed B.wealth C.effort D.violence 14.A.constructed B.reformed C.preserved D.assessed 15.A.smell B.vitality C.fashion D.discipline
Part 2 Using language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.by/through 考查介词。句意:退役军人陈士峰通过反复试验研制了一种新型医用“战袍”。by/through trial and error意为“通过反复试验”。
2.basis 考查名词。句意:我们应该每天都帮妈妈做一些家务,比如洗碗、洗衣和做饭。根据空前的不定冠词a和形容词daily可知,此处应填名词。on a daily basis意为“每天”。
3.down 考查副词。 句意:我认识那个叫鲍勃的男孩,他很勇敢,做任何事情从不认输。back down(from sth.)意为“放弃(做某事);认输”。
Ⅱ.题型(一)
1.what 句意:这就是我父亲教给我的——永远勇敢地面对困难并抱最好的希望。is为系动词,设空处引导表语从句,并在从句中作动词taught的宾语,表示“……的事物”,故填what。
2.who 句意:问题是明天谁和我一起去北京旅游。空格处引导表语从句,在从句中作主语,表示“谁”,故填who。
3.because 句意:——我头疼。——这是因为这些天你睡得太多了。is后是表语从句,表示原因,故填because。
4.that 句意:人类的第一个独有的特征是,与其他动物相比,人类的大脑(容量)特别大。设空处在句中引导表语从句,没有实际意义,只起连接作用,在从句中不作任何成分,故填that。
5.whether 句意:我不确定的是我们是否能完全靠自己克服这些困难。分析句子结构可知,“ we could overcome the difficulties all by ourselves”为表语从句,表语从句中不缺成分,根据句意可知应用whether,意为“是否”。 注意:if不能引导表语从句。
6.why 句意:恐怕与其说他是一个实干家,不如说他是一个空谈家,这就是他一事无成的原因。which引导非限制性定语从句,定语从句中又包含了一个表语从句,根据句意可知应用why。
题型(二)
1.that 2.that 3.what 4.whether 5.how 6.that 7.because
题型(三)
(1)According to a new study, engaging in negative thinking patterns for a long time may be what raises the risk of Alzheimer’s disease.
(2)That is to say, RNT may be what causes the decline of Alzheimer’s patients’ cognitive abilities.
(3)To lower people’s risk of dementia, my suggestion is that we develop some strategies to help them reduce their negative thinking patterns.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了获得了国家最高科学技术奖的王振义院士的个人经历以及他对白血病的研究过程。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“received a letter of thanks from America(收到一封来自美国的感谢信)”及“The writer of the letter was Mrs. Bernadette Giandomenico, who once suffered from APL but was cured with...a treatment developed by Wang and his medical team.(这封信的作者是贝尔纳黛特·詹多梅尼科太太,她曾患有急性早幼粒细胞白血病,但用全反式维甲酸治愈了,这是一种由王振义和他的医疗团队开发的治疗方法。)”可知,詹多梅尼科太太给王教授写信是为了表达她的感激。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“His grandmother’s death caused by typhoid further strengthened his resolve to fight against diseases and rescue patients.(他的祖母因伤寒去世,进一步坚定了他与病魔作斗争、挽救病人的决心。)”可知,祖母的死坚定了王振义成为一名医生的决心。
3.D 词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“its positive effect after several months’ experiments. In 1986, the drug was first adopted in treating a five year old patient. It turned out to be successful.”可知,1986年,该药首次用于治疗一名5岁的病人,结果很成功。说明经过几个月的实验,王教授和他的团队最终证实了全反式维甲酸的积极效果。由此可知画线词意为“证实”。A.拒绝;B.评估;C.预测;D.证实。故选D。
4.B 主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段中的“‘One cannot be a real doctor if one does not have expertise in medicine,’ Wang said in an interview. ‘However, without a kind heart, a skilled doctor may cause harm to patients.’(王振义在一次采访中说:‘一个人如果没有医学专业知识,就不能成为真正的医生。但是,如果没有一颗善良的心,一个技术娴熟的医生可能会对病人造成伤害。’)”,再结合文章主要介绍了王振义医生的个人经历以及他对白血病的研究过程和为挽救生命做出的卓越贡献可知,B项(一个有人情味的医生)最适合作文章标题。
易错归因 本题易错选D项,D项也说明了王教授为挽救生命做出的贡献,但D项侧重的是他的荣誉,而文中着重讲的是他的经历和他善良的品质,D项的侧重点不对,故排除。
【高频词汇】 1.pursue v.追求 2.strengthen v.加强
3.resolve n.决心;坚定的信念 4.replace vt.代替;替换
5.make a breakthrough in在……方面取得突破性进展
【差距词汇】 patent vt.获得专利权 n.专利权
长难句
原句 The writer of the letter was Mrs. Bernadette Giandomenico, who once suffered from APL but was cured with all trans retinoic acid (ATRA) (全反式维甲酸), a treatment developed by Wang and his medical team.
分析 本句为主从复合句。“who once suffered from APL but was cured with all trans retinoic acid (ATRA)”为who引导的定语从句;a treatment为同位语,“developed by Wang and his medical team”为过去分词短语作后置定语。
译文 这封信的作者是贝尔纳黛特·詹多梅尼科太太,她曾患有急性早幼粒细胞白血病,但用全反式维甲酸治愈了,这是一种由王振义和他的医疗团队开发的治疗方法。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。在科学领域,很多突破源于幸运的意外,有时源于科学家的不断追求和不放弃,作者得出结论:只有当社会愿意投资于这些梦想家并且认识到并非所有的投资都会带来重大突破时,才有可能获得改变世界的科学突破。
1.E 主旨句。第一段第二、三句谈到“获得改变世界的科学突破需要什么呢 有些是幸运的意外加上好奇心的结果”。E项“其他重大突破源于科学家对特定想法的追求。”与上一段中的“Some are the result...curiosity.”形成照应,且空格后面的内容展开阐释了E项内容,所以E项符合语境,故选E。
2.F 细节句。空格处前一句意为“但是,这个想法不会消亡,他们决心走那条路——一条很可能一无所获的路”。由本段主题句(第1空)可知,本段主要讲科学家对特定想法的追求可能会取得改变世界的科学突破,所以在讲完科学家对特定想法的追求可能产生的不良结果后,还需说明可能产生的有价值的结果(这是重点),F项“但有时这条路会带来重大突破,如X光和疫苗。”与上句构成转折关系,与前面的“一无所获”的结果相反,符合语境。故选F。
3.D 细节句。上文介绍了弗莱明发现青霉素,卡里科使所有mRNA疫苗成为可能,通过实现自己的梦想,这些科学家获得了名利和更宝贵的东西。D项“因为他们,全世界数百万人避免了生病或死亡。”符合本段语境,故选D。
4.B 细节句。空前句谈到对许多科学家来说,痴迷于一个不太可能实现的梦并没有得到回报,结合空后两句“结果是大自然并不会像他们预测的那样运转。最终,他们美好的理论被残酷的事实扼杀”可推知,B项“他们的想法虽然很棒,但最终被证明是错误的。”与上下文关系密切,符合语境,故选B。
5.G 细节句。设空处与前后文构成的语意结构为:归根结底,只有社会愿意投资于梦想家,认识到并非所有的投资都会带来重大突破,科学突破才有可能实现→ 5 →最重要的是,投资可以防止痛苦和死亡,并改变世界。G项“然而,带来突破的投资会带来更大的经济回报。”与上文的“并非所有的投资都会带来重大突破”形成转折,同时,与下文形成递进关系,符合语境,故选G。
【高频词汇】 1.advance n.进步;进展 v.前进;发展;促进 2.breakthrough n.重大进展;突破 3.switch v.(使)改变;转换;交换;转变 n.开关;转换器;改变 4.remind vt.提醒;使想起 5.determined adj.有决心的;意志坚定的
【差距词汇】 1.brutal adj.冷酷的;残暴的 2.on the right track思路正确
长难句
原句 Whichever road scientists who achieve lifesaving breakthroughs travel, they often endure disinterest, like Fleming, who discovered penicillin due to lucky accidents and curiosity, or repeated skepticism and rejection, like Karikó, who made all mRNA vaccines possible with years of persistence and resilience.
分析 本句是一个主从复合句。主句是“they often endure disinterest, like Fleming, or repeated skepticism and rejection, like Karikó”,主句中的宾语由并列连词or连接的并列成分构成,两个like...都表示列举;后面两个关系代词who都引导非限制性定语从句,分别修饰先行词Fleming和Karikó;Whichever引导让步状语从句,其中的关系代词who引导定语从句,修饰先行词scientists。
译文 无论取得拯救生命的突破的科学家们走哪条路,他们通常都忍受着冷漠,比如弗莱明,由于幸运的意外和好奇心,他发现了青霉素,或者忍受着反复的怀疑和拒绝,比如卡里科,她用多年的坚持和适应力使所有mRNA疫苗成为可能。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了张骞历经艰险出使西域,开启了丝绸之路的故事,及其对促进东西方文化、经济交流的影响。
1.B 句意:张骞是汉朝杰出的外交官、探险家,具有开拓冒险精神和坚强不屈的性格,被誉为“丝绸之路的开创者”“第一个睁开眼睛看世界的中国人”“东方的哥伦布”。根据空后的“as well as a strong and unyielding character”可知,张骞具有开拓冒险的精神(spirit)和坚强不屈的性格。
2.D 句意同上。be honored as意为“被誉为”,符合语境。
3.B 根据上文“Zhang Qian, an outstanding diplomat (外交官) and explorer in the Han Dynasty”可知,张骞是汉朝人,故被誉为“东方(the East)的哥伦布”。
4.A 根据空后“a mission to seek allies (同盟国) in the west of China”可知,张骞被派到中国西部寻求盟友。assign分派(任务);freeze冷冻;withdraw撤回;stick陷入。
5.C 根据空后“the enemies in northern tribes”可知,此处指对抗北方部落的敌人。compromise with妥协;take over接管;fight against对抗;learn from向……学习。
6.C 根据语境及下文他被囚禁十几年可知,无论环境多么艰难,他的信念始终坚定。statement声明;position地位;faith信念;reputation名声。
7.A 根据下文“was held as a prisoner for a dozen years”可知,张骞离开汉朝领土后不久,被匈奴人囚禁了十几年。由此可知,张骞被俘虏了。capture俘虏;persuade说服;threaten威胁;challenge挑战。
8.A 根据下文“Therefore, Zhang ran away”可知,张骞逃了出来。由此可知,此处指匈奴人的警戒放松了。watch监视,警戒;atmosphere气氛,氛围;investigation调查,侦察;requirement必要条件。
9.D 根据下文“They continued to travel west”可知,他们继续向西前行。由此可推知,张骞带着他的贴身护卫一起逃跑了。cattle牛;waitress侍女,女仆;cook厨师;guard卫兵,警卫。
10.B 根据“by eating birds and animals along the way”可知,尽管没有干粮和水,但是由于具有高超的射箭技术,他们通过沿途猎食鸟类和动物而活了下来。surround包围;survive生存;shelter保护;strengthen加强。
11.D 根据上下文可知,张骞一行人历经艰险,终于到达阿姆河地区。constantly始终;violently强烈地;extensively广阔地;eventually终于。
12.C 根据上下文可知,虽然张骞没有完成(寻找盟友的)使命,但他带回了宝贵的西域知识。secret秘密;antique古董;knowledge知识;slave奴隶。
13.C 根据“the Silk Road started”可知,张骞出使西域促进了中国和西方物质文化交流,所以由于他的努力,丝绸之路开始了。greed贪婪;wealth财富;effort努力;violence暴力。
14.A 根据“and the cultural and economic exchanges between the Han Dynasty and Western countries were promoted”可知,张骞的外交实践架起了汉朝与西方国家友好交往的桥梁。construct建造;reform改革;preserve维护;assess评估。
15.B 根据上下文可知,张骞出使西域为世界文明与进步注入了新的活力。smell气味;vitality活力;fashion时尚;discipline纪律。
【高频词汇】 1.outstanding adj.杰出的,优秀的
2.explorer n.探险者 3.mission n.使命;任务
4.exchange n.& v.交流;交换
【差距词汇】 unyielding adj.坚定的;顽强不屈的
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