2024外研版高中英语选择性必修第三册同步练习--Unit 4 Part 4 Writing（含答案与解析）
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| 名称 | 2024外研版高中英语选择性必修第三册同步练习--Unit 4 Part 4 Writing（含答案与解析） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-11-13 22:44:16 | ||
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2024外研版高中英语选择性必修第三册同步
Part 4 Writing
科幻故事续写
写作题目
假定你是李华,你校英文报“Science Fiction Stories”栏目征文。请根据以下提示情节进行续写,使之成为一个完整的故事。
One evening, I was watching a science fiction movie at home when suddenly I heard a strange sound outside. I immediately went out and looked around, but I found nothing unusual. When I decided to return to my room, I saw a flying object coming down from the sky.
注意:
1.词数100左右;
2.想象合理,行文连贯,故事完整。
思路点拨
主题 登陆另一个星球,看到外星人 体裁 记叙文
布局 第一段:回顾自己登陆另一个星球,看到外星人的详细情况; 第二段:表达自己的心情和愿望。
人称 以第一和第三人称为主 时态 以一般过去时为主
遣词造句
Ⅰ.用本单元所学单词或短语填空
1. adv.紧紧地
2. adj.极度渴望的
3. 处于震惊状态
答案 1.tightly 2.desperate 3.in shock
Ⅱ.本单元语块、语法运用
1.完成句子
第一段:回顾自己登陆另一个星球,看到外星人的详细情况
(1)当它落在地上时,一个年轻人走了出来,向我走来。
When it landed on the ground, a young man and me.
(2)突然,他紧紧地抓住我的胳膊,把我带进了一个太空舱。
All of a sudden, he and took me into a capsule.
(3)过了很长一段时间,我们在另一个星球着陆。
After a long time, we .
(4)在那里我看到了一些外星人。
I there.
(5)我仍然不能理解他们的语言。
I still .
(6)我喜欢我在那里看到的一切。
I enjoyed everything .
第二段:表达自己的心情和愿望
(7)回到地球后,我仍然感到兴奋,我非常想尽快再次进入太空。
After earth, I still felt excited and I was space again soon.
答案 (1)stepped out; walked up to
(2)grasped my arm tightly (3)landed on another planet (4)saw some aliens
(5)couldn’t understand their language (6)that I saw there (7)returning to; desperate to go to
2.句式升级
(8)用定语从句合并句(3)和句(4)
(9)用although引导的让步状语从句合并句(5)和句(6)
答案 (8)After a long time, we landed on another planet where I saw some aliens.
(9)Although I still couldn’t understand their language, I enjoyed everything that I saw there.
连句成篇
参考范文
When it landed on the ground, a young man stepped out and walked up to me. He was probably speaking to me in another language because I couldn’t understand it at all. I tried to communicate with him in Chinese, but it seemed that he couldn’t understand me. All of a sudden, he grasped my arm tightly and took me into a capsule. After a long time, we landed on another planet where I saw some aliens. I was in shock because everything there was quite different from that on earth. The aliens had advanced equipment which completed almost all their work perfectly. Although I still couldn’t understand their language, I enjoyed everything that I saw there. I stayed there for about five hours and was sent back by some aliens.
After returning to earth, I still felt excited and I was desperate to go to space again soon.
写作积累
(一)增色词汇
1.故事的发展: check; carefully; fear; unusual; guess; common; get up; go out; look around
2.故事的高潮:fly; land; understand; adapt; grasp; force; wonder; refuse; remain; accept; communicate; calm down; step out; walk up to; show around; ask for; hang out
3.故事的结局:return; excited; experience; share; realize; desperate
(二)精彩句型
1.To find out what it was, I stepped out of the house and headed into the dark.
2.I wondered how I got there and suddenly I found there were many short people around me.
3.It was then that I realized I had flown into space.
4.They spoke to me in a language that I couldn’t understand at all.
5.They showed me around their home and I found that their life was nothing like that of humans on earth.
6.What amazed me most was that...
实战演练
假定你是李华,某英文杂志正在举办科幻故事写作比赛,请根据提示情节,展开丰富的想象,将故事续写完整。
On a Monday morning, I was on my way to school. Suddenly someone called my name in an unfamiliar voice. I saw an alien waving to me. He took hold of me and pushed me into a UFO.
注意:
1.词数100左右;
2.想象合理,行文连贯,故事完整。
五年高考练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2022全国乙,C)
Can a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效)across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast moving trains would be able to react in time.
词汇积累
1.switching points转换点
2.across the board全面地;包括一切地
3.maintenance n.维护,保养4.personnel n.全体人员,员工
5.co pilot n.(飞机的)副驾驶员
6.signal v.标志;表明;预示(熟词生义)
1.What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible
A.The use of drones in checking on power lines.
B.Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes.
C.The reduction of cost in designing drones.
D.Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas.
2.What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to
A.Personnel safety. B.Assistance from drones.
C.Inspection and repair. D.Construction of infrastructure.
3.What function is expected of the rail drones
A.To provide early warning. B.To make trains run automatically.
C.To earn profits for the crews. D.To accelerate transportation.
4.Which is the most suitable title for the text
A.What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B.How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C.What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D.How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2023全国甲)
For thousands of years, people have told fables(寓言) 1 (teach)a lesson or to pass on wisdom. Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well known Aesop’s fables date to the 2 (six) century B.C. Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 3 Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”
Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fables. In fact, her style and tone(口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America 4 all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co existence with its surroundings,”her fable begins, 5 (borrow) some familiar words from many age old fables. Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message 6 (intend) for everyone.
7 (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility 8 saving their environment.
The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty 9 (warn) about environmental destruction. Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still 10 (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
词汇积累
1.co existence n.共存 2.accusation n.控告;谴责
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Part 4 Writing
实战演练
One possible version:
Several minutes later, we arrived in a strange world where there were many aliens in the shape of the robots on earth. What amazed me most was the transportation that they were using. They each had a light backpack which would turn into a mini plane when used. Seeing that I was interested in it, one of the aliens invited me to have a try. When I got aboard, I immediately flew high into space. I enjoyed the exciting journey there.
The next day, I was sent back to earth. What an unforgettable experience!
1.重点词汇
①in the shape of...呈……的形状
②amaze vt.使惊奇;使惊诧
③turn into变成
④have a try试一试
⑤unforgettable adj.令人难忘的
2.亮点句型
①What amazed me most was the transportation that they were using.(What引导主语从句;that引导定语从句,修饰transportation)最让我惊讶的是他们使用的交通工具。
②They each had a light backpack which would turn into a mini plane when used.(which引导定语从句,修饰light backpack;when used为时间状语从句的省略,补充完整为when it was used)他们每个人都有一个轻背包,使用时可以变成一架迷你飞机。
五年高考练
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍无人机在铁路安全运输领域的重要作用。应用当今的“空中之眼”技术,无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠运行的同时,帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。
1.A 细节理解题。本题题干意为:什么使无人机在铁路线的应用成为可能 A.使用无人机检查电线;B.无人机在高海拔工作的能力;C.无人机设计成本的降低;D.无人机在偏远地区的可靠性能。根据第二段前两句“Drones are already being used to examine high tension electrical lines.They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines...(无人机已经被用于检查高压电线。它们可以做完全相同的事情来检查铁路线路……)”。可知答案为A项。
易错归因 C项具有一定干扰性。根据第二段最后一句“Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient across the board.(成本整体会减少和操作整体上将更高效。)”可知,降低的是铁路运行维护的成本,而不是无人机的设计成本。故排除。
2.C 词义猜测题。本题题干意为:第三段画线的“maintenance”指代什么内容 A.人员的安全;B.来自无人机的协助;C.检查和修理;D.基础设施建设。根据第三段第二句“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.(据统计,仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元,其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施。)”所以,maintenance包括对铁路基础设施的检查与维修。可知答案为C项。
易错归因 D项具有较强干扰性。“infrastructure”一词出现在解题关键信息句中,但根据句意,maintenance并非“铁路基础设施建设”,故排除。
3.A 推理判断题。本题题干意为:铁路无人机预计有什么功能 A.提供预先警报;B.使火车自动运行;C.为铁路员工赚取利润;D.加速运输。根据第四段第一句“By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems.(通过使用最新的技术,无人机还可以为铁路提供更高价值的服务,在铁轨或铁路的转辙器引发任何安全问题之前就能检测到故障。)”可知答案为A项。
4.D 主旨大意题。本题题干意为:哪一项最适合作文章标题 A.无人机可以检测到哪些故障;B.如何扩大无人机生产;C.无人机发展将面临什么困难;D.无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。纵观全文,梳理文章结构:第一段通过设问引出话题:无人机在铁路领域的运用;第二段分析将无人机运用于该领域的可行性;第三、四段介绍应用后的好处。由此可知答案为D项。
长难句
原句 The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on time performance will be improved.
分析 本句含有“the+比较级,the+比较级”句型结构,意为“越……,越……”。
译文 它们越是能够被定期检查,铁路的安全性、可靠性和准点率就越高。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是议论文,主要介绍了Rachel Carson在《明天的寓言》中使用简单、直接的风格来警告社会面临的环境危险,并教导人们必须负责拯救自己的环境。
1.to teach 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意:几千年来,人们通过讲述寓言故事来给人教训或传承智慧。本句已有谓语have told,设空处应用动词的非谓语形式作目的状语,故应使用不定式。也可以根据并列连词or与其后面的to pass on wisdom确定使用不定式。故填to teach。
2.sixth 考查序数词。句意:寓言是许多口头流传的早期文化的一部分,著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前六世纪。此处表达“公元前六世纪”,应使用序数词。故填sixth。
3.as 考查关系词。句意:然而,正如Rachel Carson在她的《明天的寓言》中所说,寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。设空处引导定语从句,在这里表示“正如,正像”。故填as。
4.where 考查定语从句。句意:“在美国的中心地带曾经有个城镇,在这个城镇里,所有的生命似乎都能与周围的环境和平共处”,她的寓言是这样开头的,从许多古老的寓言中借用了一些熟悉的话语。设空处引导定语从句,先行词为town(指地点),关系词在从句中作状语,相当于in the town。故填where。
5.borrowing 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意参见上题。本句已有谓语begins,设空处为非谓语形式作状语,与逻辑主语her fable之间是主动关系,应使用动词 ing形式。故填borrowing。
6.intended 考查形容词。句意:然而,在这种简单的风格背后是所有人都需要认真思考的信息。本句有系动词is和主语a serious message,此处为形容词短语作定语,修饰message。intended for sb.意为“为某人打算(或设计)的”。故填intended。
7.Different 考查词性转换。句意:与传统的寓言不同,Carson的故事以谴责结束,而不是教益。different from为固定搭配,意为“与……不同”。故填Different。
8.for 考查介词。句意:她警告(人们)社会面临的环境危险,并教导人们必须负责拯救自己的环境。take responsibility for doing sth.为固定搭配,意为“承担做某事的责任”。故填 for。
9.warning 考查词性转换。句意:然而,Carson的主题是一种更为沉重的对环境破坏的警告。根据设空处前面的a more weighty(冠词+形容词比较级)和后面的介词about可以确定此空应该用名词。故填warning。
10.be employed 考查被动语态。句意:Carson证明,一种世代相传的简单文学形式今天仍然可以被用来引起人们对重要事实的关注。设空处作谓语,宾语从句的主语a simple literary form与所给提示词employ构成被动关系,应使用被动语态。该空位于情态动词can后,故填be employed。
长难句
原句 Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still be employed today to draw attention to important truths.
分析 第一个that引导宾语从句,作动词proves的宾语;第二个that引导定语从句,修饰先行词a simple literary form。“to draw attention to...”作目的状语。
译文 Carson证明,一种世代相传的简单文学形式今天仍然可以被用来引起人们对重要事实的关注。
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2024外研版高中英语选择性必修第三册同步
Part 4 Writing
科幻故事续写
写作题目
假定你是李华,你校英文报“Science Fiction Stories”栏目征文。请根据以下提示情节进行续写,使之成为一个完整的故事。
One evening, I was watching a science fiction movie at home when suddenly I heard a strange sound outside. I immediately went out and looked around, but I found nothing unusual. When I decided to return to my room, I saw a flying object coming down from the sky.
注意:
1.词数100左右;
2.想象合理,行文连贯,故事完整。
思路点拨
主题 登陆另一个星球,看到外星人 体裁 记叙文
布局 第一段:回顾自己登陆另一个星球,看到外星人的详细情况; 第二段:表达自己的心情和愿望。
人称 以第一和第三人称为主 时态 以一般过去时为主
遣词造句
Ⅰ.用本单元所学单词或短语填空
1. adv.紧紧地
2. adj.极度渴望的
3. 处于震惊状态
答案 1.tightly 2.desperate 3.in shock
Ⅱ.本单元语块、语法运用
1.完成句子
第一段:回顾自己登陆另一个星球,看到外星人的详细情况
(1)当它落在地上时,一个年轻人走了出来,向我走来。
When it landed on the ground, a young man and me.
(2)突然,他紧紧地抓住我的胳膊,把我带进了一个太空舱。
All of a sudden, he and took me into a capsule.
(3)过了很长一段时间,我们在另一个星球着陆。
After a long time, we .
(4)在那里我看到了一些外星人。
I there.
(5)我仍然不能理解他们的语言。
I still .
(6)我喜欢我在那里看到的一切。
I enjoyed everything .
第二段:表达自己的心情和愿望
(7)回到地球后,我仍然感到兴奋,我非常想尽快再次进入太空。
After earth, I still felt excited and I was space again soon.
答案 (1)stepped out; walked up to
(2)grasped my arm tightly (3)landed on another planet (4)saw some aliens
(5)couldn’t understand their language (6)that I saw there (7)returning to; desperate to go to
2.句式升级
(8)用定语从句合并句(3)和句(4)
(9)用although引导的让步状语从句合并句(5)和句(6)
答案 (8)After a long time, we landed on another planet where I saw some aliens.
(9)Although I still couldn’t understand their language, I enjoyed everything that I saw there.
连句成篇
参考范文
When it landed on the ground, a young man stepped out and walked up to me. He was probably speaking to me in another language because I couldn’t understand it at all. I tried to communicate with him in Chinese, but it seemed that he couldn’t understand me. All of a sudden, he grasped my arm tightly and took me into a capsule. After a long time, we landed on another planet where I saw some aliens. I was in shock because everything there was quite different from that on earth. The aliens had advanced equipment which completed almost all their work perfectly. Although I still couldn’t understand their language, I enjoyed everything that I saw there. I stayed there for about five hours and was sent back by some aliens.
After returning to earth, I still felt excited and I was desperate to go to space again soon.
写作积累
(一)增色词汇
1.故事的发展: check; carefully; fear; unusual; guess; common; get up; go out; look around
2.故事的高潮:fly; land; understand; adapt; grasp; force; wonder; refuse; remain; accept; communicate; calm down; step out; walk up to; show around; ask for; hang out
3.故事的结局:return; excited; experience; share; realize; desperate
(二)精彩句型
1.To find out what it was, I stepped out of the house and headed into the dark.
2.I wondered how I got there and suddenly I found there were many short people around me.
3.It was then that I realized I had flown into space.
4.They spoke to me in a language that I couldn’t understand at all.
5.They showed me around their home and I found that their life was nothing like that of humans on earth.
6.What amazed me most was that...
实战演练
假定你是李华,某英文杂志正在举办科幻故事写作比赛,请根据提示情节,展开丰富的想象,将故事续写完整。
On a Monday morning, I was on my way to school. Suddenly someone called my name in an unfamiliar voice. I saw an alien waving to me. He took hold of me and pushed me into a UFO.
注意:
1.词数100左右;
2.想象合理,行文连贯,故事完整。
五年高考练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2022全国乙,C)
Can a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and, at the same time, help railway operators save billions of euros each year That is the very likely future of applying today’s “eyes in the sky” technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
Drones are already being used to examine high tension electrical lines. They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines and other vital aspects of rail infrastructure such as the correct position of railway tracks and switching points. The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on time performance will be improved. Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient(高效)across the board.
That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.
By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems. To perform these tasks, drones for rail don’t need to be flying overhead. Engineers are now working on a new concept: the rail drones of the future. They will be moving on the track ahead of the train, and programmed to run autonomously. Very small drones with advanced sensors and AI and travelling ahead of the train could guide it like a co pilot. With their ability to see ahead, they could signal any problem, so that fast moving trains would be able to react in time.
词汇积累
1.switching points转换点
2.across the board全面地;包括一切地
3.maintenance n.维护,保养4.personnel n.全体人员,员工
5.co pilot n.(飞机的)副驾驶员
6.signal v.标志;表明;预示(熟词生义)
1.What makes the application of drones to rail lines possible
A.The use of drones in checking on power lines.
B.Drones’ ability to work at high altitudes.
C.The reduction of cost in designing drones.
D.Drones’ reliable performance in remote areas.
2.What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to
A.Personnel safety. B.Assistance from drones.
C.Inspection and repair. D.Construction of infrastructure.
3.What function is expected of the rail drones
A.To provide early warning. B.To make trains run automatically.
C.To earn profits for the crews. D.To accelerate transportation.
4.Which is the most suitable title for the text
A.What Faults Can Be Detected with Drones
B.How Production of Drones Can Be Expanded
C.What Difficulty Drone Development Will Face
D.How Drones Will Change the Future of Railways
Ⅱ.语法填空
(2023全国甲)
For thousands of years, people have told fables(寓言) 1 (teach)a lesson or to pass on wisdom. Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well known Aesop’s fables date to the 2 (six) century B.C. Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 3 Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.”
Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fables. In fact, her style and tone(口吻) are seemingly directed at children. “There was once a town in the heart of America 4 all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co existence with its surroundings,”her fable begins, 5 (borrow) some familiar words from many age old fables. Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message 6 (intend) for everyone.
7 (difference) from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral. She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility 8 saving their environment.
The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty 9 (warn) about environmental destruction. Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still 10 (employ) today to draw attention to important truths.
词汇积累
1.co existence n.共存 2.accusation n.控告;谴责
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Part 4 Writing
实战演练
One possible version:
Several minutes later, we arrived in a strange world where there were many aliens in the shape of the robots on earth. What amazed me most was the transportation that they were using. They each had a light backpack which would turn into a mini plane when used. Seeing that I was interested in it, one of the aliens invited me to have a try. When I got aboard, I immediately flew high into space. I enjoyed the exciting journey there.
The next day, I was sent back to earth. What an unforgettable experience!
1.重点词汇
①in the shape of...呈……的形状
②amaze vt.使惊奇;使惊诧
③turn into变成
④have a try试一试
⑤unforgettable adj.令人难忘的
2.亮点句型
①What amazed me most was the transportation that they were using.(What引导主语从句;that引导定语从句,修饰transportation)最让我惊讶的是他们使用的交通工具。
②They each had a light backpack which would turn into a mini plane when used.(which引导定语从句,修饰light backpack;when used为时间状语从句的省略,补充完整为when it was used)他们每个人都有一个轻背包,使用时可以变成一架迷你飞机。
五年高考练
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍无人机在铁路安全运输领域的重要作用。应用当今的“空中之眼”技术,无人机能在保证铁路安全可靠运行的同时,帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元。
1.A 细节理解题。本题题干意为:什么使无人机在铁路线的应用成为可能 A.使用无人机检查电线;B.无人机在高海拔工作的能力;C.无人机设计成本的降低;D.无人机在偏远地区的可靠性能。根据第二段前两句“Drones are already being used to examine high tension electrical lines.They could do precisely the same thing to inspect railway lines...(无人机已经被用于检查高压电线。它们可以做完全相同的事情来检查铁路线路……)”。可知答案为A项。
易错归因 C项具有一定干扰性。根据第二段最后一句“Costs would be cut and operations would be more efficient across the board.(成本整体会减少和操作整体上将更高效。)”可知,降低的是铁路运行维护的成本,而不是无人机的设计成本。故排除。
2.C 词义猜测题。本题题干意为:第三段画线的“maintenance”指代什么内容 A.人员的安全;B.来自无人机的协助;C.检查和修理;D.基础设施建设。根据第三段第二句“It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.(据统计,仅欧洲铁路公司每年在铁路维护上的花费就约为200亿欧元,其中包括经常在夜间派遣维修人员检查和维修铁路基础设施。)”所以,maintenance包括对铁路基础设施的检查与维修。可知答案为C项。
易错归因 D项具有较强干扰性。“infrastructure”一词出现在解题关键信息句中,但根据句意,maintenance并非“铁路基础设施建设”,故排除。
3.A 推理判断题。本题题干意为:铁路无人机预计有什么功能 A.提供预先警报;B.使火车自动运行;C.为铁路员工赚取利润;D.加速运输。根据第四段第一句“By using the latest technologies, drones could also start providing higher value services for railways, detecting faults in the rail or switches, before they can cause any safety problems.(通过使用最新的技术,无人机还可以为铁路提供更高价值的服务,在铁轨或铁路的转辙器引发任何安全问题之前就能检测到故障。)”可知答案为A项。
4.D 主旨大意题。本题题干意为:哪一项最适合作文章标题 A.无人机可以检测到哪些故障;B.如何扩大无人机生产;C.无人机发展将面临什么困难;D.无人机将如何改变铁路的未来。纵观全文,梳理文章结构:第一段通过设问引出话题:无人机在铁路领域的运用;第二段分析将无人机运用于该领域的可行性;第三、四段介绍应用后的好处。由此可知答案为D项。
长难句
原句 The more regularly they can be inspected, the more railway safety, reliability and on time performance will be improved.
分析 本句含有“the+比较级,the+比较级”句型结构,意为“越……,越……”。
译文 它们越是能够被定期检查,铁路的安全性、可靠性和准点率就越高。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 本文是议论文,主要介绍了Rachel Carson在《明天的寓言》中使用简单、直接的风格来警告社会面临的环境危险,并教导人们必须负责拯救自己的环境。
1.to teach 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意:几千年来,人们通过讲述寓言故事来给人教训或传承智慧。本句已有谓语have told,设空处应用动词的非谓语形式作目的状语,故应使用不定式。也可以根据并列连词or与其后面的to pass on wisdom确定使用不定式。故填to teach。
2.sixth 考查序数词。句意:寓言是许多口头流传的早期文化的一部分,著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前六世纪。此处表达“公元前六世纪”,应使用序数词。故填sixth。
3.as 考查关系词。句意:然而,正如Rachel Carson在她的《明天的寓言》中所说,寓言的形式在今天仍然具有价值。设空处引导定语从句,在这里表示“正如,正像”。故填as。
4.where 考查定语从句。句意:“在美国的中心地带曾经有个城镇,在这个城镇里,所有的生命似乎都能与周围的环境和平共处”,她的寓言是这样开头的,从许多古老的寓言中借用了一些熟悉的话语。设空处引导定语从句,先行词为town(指地点),关系词在从句中作状语,相当于in the town。故填where。
5.borrowing 考查动词的非谓语形式。句意参见上题。本句已有谓语begins,设空处为非谓语形式作状语,与逻辑主语her fable之间是主动关系,应使用动词 ing形式。故填borrowing。
6.intended 考查形容词。句意:然而,在这种简单的风格背后是所有人都需要认真思考的信息。本句有系动词is和主语a serious message,此处为形容词短语作定语,修饰message。intended for sb.意为“为某人打算(或设计)的”。故填intended。
7.Different 考查词性转换。句意:与传统的寓言不同,Carson的故事以谴责结束,而不是教益。different from为固定搭配,意为“与……不同”。故填Different。
8.for 考查介词。句意:她警告(人们)社会面临的环境危险,并教导人们必须负责拯救自己的环境。take responsibility for doing sth.为固定搭配,意为“承担做某事的责任”。故填 for。
9.warning 考查词性转换。句意:然而,Carson的主题是一种更为沉重的对环境破坏的警告。根据设空处前面的a more weighty(冠词+形容词比较级)和后面的介词about可以确定此空应该用名词。故填warning。
10.be employed 考查被动语态。句意:Carson证明,一种世代相传的简单文学形式今天仍然可以被用来引起人们对重要事实的关注。设空处作谓语,宾语从句的主语a simple literary form与所给提示词employ构成被动关系,应使用被动语态。该空位于情态动词can后,故填be employed。
长难句
原句 Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still be employed today to draw attention to important truths.
分析 第一个that引导宾语从句,作动词proves的宾语;第二个that引导定语从句,修饰先行词a simple literary form。“to draw attention to...”作目的状语。
译文 Carson证明,一种世代相传的简单文学形式今天仍然可以被用来引起人们对重要事实的关注。
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