2024外研版高中英语选择性必修第三册同步练习--Unit 5 Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas（含答案与解析）
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2024外研版高中英语选择性必修第三册同步
Unit 5 Learning from nature
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.The stories of those scientists working in the (前沿) of science and technology inspire us to study harder.
2.Jim is a naughty boy and he is always (模仿) Miss Li in class, making her quite angry.
3.His performance on stage was absolutely s and earned warm applause.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.It’s reported that the hotel is bound to be converted a nursing home.
2.While I know little about (architect), I find that building impressive.
3.Some students took for granted that only the examined subjects were important.
4. (absorb) in the oil painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching.
5.He also enriched minerals in the soil while (reduce) chemical fertilizers.
6.If I had to make just one recommendation for where (stay) in Rome, it would be Yellow Hostel.(2021全国新高考Ⅰ)
7.The scenery was very beautiful, and there were so many other amazing things to try we all didn’t want to go home.
8.Marco Polo, family had long been travelers on the Silk Road, spent over 20 years exploring Asia.
Ⅲ.选词填空
be based on; respond to; be used to; meet the needs of
To 1. environment friendly travel, bike sharing emerged a few years ago.We have to say bike sharing 2. the public and brings people more convenience. The bikes themselves are not new, but the operating model of bike sharing 3. high technology. People who are in need can use their smart phones to scan the QR code to pay. Now an increasing number of people 4. riding the bikes. At the same time, bike sharing has become a new choice for short journeys in cities.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.练中国功夫不但能增强一个人的体质,还能培养一个人的品性。(not only...but also...)
Practising Chinese kung fu one’s strength, one’s character.
2.我是在读到他的诗时开始欣赏这些建筑的美的。(强调句型)
I began to appreciate the beauty of these buildings.
3.当我激动地走回家的时候,我想出了许多处理它的计划。(疑问词+不定式)
As I walked home with excitement, I came up with many plans for .
4.The teacher spoke so fast that I couldn’t take down everything just now.(句式升级:倒装句)
→ that I couldn’t take down everything just now.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Trees, plants and flowers are all around us and we enjoy their 1 (beautiful) every day. Nature is presented in various architectural designs as well.
People 2 interest is exploring the relationship between art and science will enjoy Singapore’s ArtScience Museum, which was designed 3 (show) the connection between nature and the modern city environment. Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so 4 (true) captures the beauty of natural forms.
Harare’s Eastgate Centre is 5 superb example of biomimicry. Its architect Mick Pearce was inspired to create it while 6 (watch) a nature documentary in which termites were constructing their nests. The design reduces the need for 7 (tradition) air conditioning and heating systems.
The Algae House is the world’s first algae powered building, whose surface is covered in panels that contain algae. The panels capture heat 8 the sun and convert it into energy that powers the building. And the algae inside the panels can 9 (harvest) and used to produce fuel.
Creating buildings like these 10 (enable) us to live in closer harmony with our environment.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2022福建莆田一中月考)
An inventor, physicist, surveyor, astronomer, biologist, artist...Robert Hooke was all these and more. Some say he was the greatest experimental scientist of the 17th century. In the course of his work, he cooperated with famous men of science like Isaac Newton, and the great architect, Christopher Wren.
Hooke’s early education began at home,under the guidance of his father. He entered the Westminster School at the age of 14, and from there he went to Oxford, where he came in contact with some of the best scientists in England. Hooke impressed them with his skill at designing experiments and inventing instruments. In 1662, at the age of 27, he was named the Curator of Experiments at the newly formed the Royal Society of London—meaning that he was responsible for demonstrating new experiments at the society’s weekly meeting. Hooke accepted the job, even though he knew that the society had no money to pay him!
Watching living things through a microscope was one of his favorite pastimes. He invented a compound microscope for this purpose. One day while observing cork(软木) under a microscope, he saw honeycomb like structures. There were cells—the smallest unit of life. In fact, it was Hooke who invented the term “cell” as the box like cells of the cork reminded him of the cells of a monastery(修道院).
Another achievement of Hooke was his book Micrographia, which introduces the enormous potential of the microscope. It contains fascinating drawings of the thing he saw under the microscope. The book also includes, among other things, ideas on gravity, light and combustion(燃烧) that may have helped scientists like Newton when they were developing their own theories on these phenomena.
Hooke made a valuable contribution to astronomy too. A crater on the moon is named after him in honour of his service to this branch of science.
1.Which of the following can best describe Hooke according to Paragraph 2
A.Friendly. B.Sociable. C.Creative. D.Helpful.
2.When did Robert Hooke probably went to school
A.In 1649. B.In 1634. C.In 1662. D.In 1640.
3.Which is the possible reason that Hooke accepted the job as the Curator of Experiments
A.He liked designing experiments.
B.He wanted to push back the frontiers of science.
C.He wanted to please the famous scientists in England.
D.Other superb scientists weren’t interested in the position.
4.What does the last paragraph prove
A.Hooke was the greatest experimental scientist of the 17th century.
B.Hooke was good at making discoveries.
C.Hooke’s contributions were not limited to one field.
D.Hooke was one of the greatest astronomers.
B
(2023河南大联考)
Over the past decade or so, camera technology has become more and more integrated into our everyday lives. We use our phone camera to store memories and important information, and cameras help keep us safe while we are driving. Parallel parking is much easier now because cars come with rearview cameras.
However, up until now, cameras have also been limited. Wide field of vision cameras have been around since 2013, but these cameras only have a 180 degree field of vision, and can be clumsy (笨拙的). They work by essentially merging images coming from two or more cameras. This can lead to distortion(失真). In addition, using the cameras underwater also leads to distortion as light is refracted(折射) differently underwater.
According to Fast Company, the researchers took inspiration from nature. They began by studying the fiddler crab(招潮蟹) and its compound eye. Unlike humans, fiddler crabs can look in many directions at the same time, giving them a full 360 degree field of vision. In addition, fiddler crabs need to be able to see well both on land and in water.
Dr Fredo Durand, a professor of electrical engineering and computer science at MIT’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, told Laser Focus World, “Amphibians(两栖动物) are particularly exciting because they need to operate in two environments with vastly different visual characteristics. It’s humbling to learn from nature how to address these challenges.”
The result is a little round black ball of a camera that interprets and understands light in various ways. The scientists tested the camera’s capabilities by projecting a group of images onto the camera at different angles. They also immersed the camera halfway in a tub to test its underwater capabilities. It passed with flying colors.
Though the camera is still in the early stages of its development and is not ready for commercial use, the hope is that it will eventually be used to help make cars safer by improving camera quality in general and improving camera capabilities in the rain.
5.Which is a limitation of the wide field of vision cameras
A.They can only be used underwater. B.They occupy too much space.
C.They consist of only two cameras. D.They cover a limited field of vision.
6.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A.The surprising adaptability of the fiddler crab.
B.The advantages of the fiddler crab’s compound eye.
C.The way of carrying out research into creatures.
D.The possibility of having a 360 degree field of vision.
7.Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “immersed” in Paragraph 5
A.Designed. B.Repaired. C.Drowned. D.Abandoned.
8.What is the author’s attitude towards the camera
A.Positive. B.Doubtful. C.Unclear. D.Carefree.
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2022重庆育才中学月考)
Malaindrano is a giant baobab (猴面包树) that is hollowed out (被挖空) for the storage of water, 1 (exist) in the rural area in Madagascar. Malaindrano means “he who hates water”, 2 this baobab doesn’t hate water at all. It is so big that many people believe it has never been 3 (complete) filled. Even semi full, the trees are vital for storing water in one of Madagascar’s driest regions. Also known 4 bottle trees because of their unique thick trunks, such baobab trees form a network of 5 (nature) water tanks. Employing them has allowed people to live in a place where rain is rare, and where the little rain that falls 6 (absorb) quickly by the soil.
Lack of rain can lead to a lack of food. In the 1920s and 1930s, thousands of people 7 (die) because of extreme drought. This forced the locals to take inspiration from nature and come up with an idea: hollowing out baobabs 8 (store) water when water is abundant. A large baobab has the 9 (able) to store about 14,000 litres of water. Today, some 20,000 people live in the region, many of 10 rely on the tree water for around a third of the year.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Unit 5 Learning from nature
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.frontiers 2.mimicking 3.superb
Ⅱ.1.to/into 考查介词。句意:据报道,这家旅馆很可能会被改造成养老院。convert A to/into B为固定短语,意为“把A转变为B”。
2.architecture 考查名词。句意:虽然我对建筑设计知之甚少,但我觉得那座建筑令人印象深刻。设空处作介词about的宾语,表示“建筑设计”,故填architecture。
3.it 考查代词。句意:有些学生理所当然地认为只有考试科目才是重要的。take it for granted that...为固定句型,意为“认为……是理所当然的”。
4.Absorbed 考查非谓语动词。句意:约翰专心于这幅油画,没有注意到夜幕降临了。John与absorb之间是逻辑上的被动关系,故用过去分词作原因状语。
5.reducing 考查非谓语动词。句意:他还在土壤中增加了矿物质,同时减少了化肥。分析句子结构可知,本句已有谓语enriched,故此处应用非谓语动词。结合空前的while可知,此处为状语从句的省略,动词reduce与其逻辑主语He之间为主动关系,故用现在分词形式。
6.to stay 考查动词不定式。分析句子结构可知,for后面的“where (stay) in Rome”作介词for的宾语,是“疑问词+不定式”结构,故填to stay。
7.that 考查连词。句意:风景非常美丽,还有那么多其他令人惊奇的事情可以尝试,以至于我们都不想回家了。分析句子结构可知,and连接两个并列分句。根据and后的分句中的so many可知该分句使用了“so...that...”句型,意为“如此……以至于……”。故填that。
8.whose 考查定语从句。句意:马可·波罗一家长期在丝绸之路上旅行,他花了20多年时间探索亚洲。分析句子结构可知,“ family had long been travelers on the Silk Road”为定语从句,修饰先行词Marco Polo,定语从句中关系词作定语修饰family,故填whose。
Ⅲ.1.respond to 2.meets the needs of 3.is based on
4.are used to
Ⅳ.1.can not only build up; but also develop 2.It was when I read his poem that 3.how to deal with it/what to do with it 4.So fast did the teacher speak
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.beauty 考查名词。根据空前的名词所有格their可知应用名词作enjoy的宾语,故填beauty。
2.whose 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,“ 2 interest is exploring the relationship between art and science”为设空处引导的定语从句,设空处在从句中作定语,修饰interest,故填whose。
3.to show 考查动词不定式。be designed to do...为固定搭配,意为“被设计来做……”。故填to show。
4.truly 考查副词。根据空前的so和空后的动词captures可知,设空处应用副词作状语。故填truly。
5.a 考查冠词。a(n)...example of意为“一个……的例子”。
6.watching 考查现在分词。根据句子结构可知,此处是while引导的时间状语从句while (he was) watching a nature documentary的省略形式。故填watching。
7.traditional 考查形容词。设空处修饰空后的名词短语air conditioning and heating systems,应用形容词作定语;此处表示“传统的”,故填traditional。
8.from 考查介词。句意:这些板吸收来自太阳的热量,并将其转化为建筑物所需的能量。根据句意可知答案为from。
9.be harvested 考查语态。主语the algae与harvest之间为被动关系,再根据and used可知应用被动语态;根据空前的can可知填be harvested。
10.enables 考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知设空处作谓语,此处表示一种客观事实,应用一般现在时。句子的主语是动名词短语Creating buildings like these,故答案为enables。
Ⅱ.A
◎语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了英国伟大的科学家、生物学家、细胞的发现者——Robert Hooke的个人经历和成就。
1.C 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Hooke impressed them with his skill at designing experiments and inventing instruments.(Hooke在设计实验和发明仪器方面的技巧给他们留下了深刻的印象)”可推知,Hooke是个有创造力的人。故选C。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In 1662,at the age of 27”,及“He entered the Westminster School at the age of 14”可知他14岁上学,应该是在1649年。故选A。
3.A 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Hooke impressed them with his skill at designing experiments and inventing instruments. In 1662, at the age of 27, he was named the Curator of Experiments...Hooke accepted the job”可知,Hooke接受实验管理员一职的原因是他喜欢设计实验。故选A。
4.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Hooke made a valuable contribution to astronomy too. A crater on the moon is named after him in honour of his service to this branch of science.(Hooke对天文学也做出了宝贵的贡献。月球上的一个陨石坑是以他的名字命名的,以纪念他对这一科学分支的贡献)”可推知,最后一段是为了证明Hooke的贡献并不局限于一个领域。故选C。
【高频词汇】 1.cooperate with与……合作 2.under the guidance of在……的指导下 3.be responsible for对……负责 4.enormous adj.巨大的,极大的
5.potential n.潜力 6.fascinating adj.极有吸引力的,迷人的 7.phenomenon n.现象 8.be named after以……的名字命名 9.in honour of为向……表示敬意
【差距词汇】 1.demonstrate v.演示,证明 2.pastime n.娱乐,消遣
长难句
原句 In fact, it was Hooke who invented the term “cell” as the box like cells of the cork reminded him of the cells of a monastery.
分析 本句使用了强调句型,强调主语Hooke。as引导原因状语从句。remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事。
译文 事实上,正是胡克发明了“细胞”这个术语,因为软木上的盒子状的小隔室让他想起了修道院的小房间。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。近十年来,相机技术已经越来越多地融入我们的日常生活。研究人员从自然界中寻找灵感,研究并开发了一种新款相机。
5.D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“However, up until now, cameras have also been limited. Wide field of vision cameras have been around since 2013, but these cameras only have a 180 degree field of vision, and can be clumsy.”可知,宽视野相机覆盖的视野有限。故选D。
6.B 主旨大意题。第三段提到研究人员开始研究招潮蟹和它的复眼,与人类不同的是,招潮蟹可以同时向多个方向看,这给了它360度的视野,此外,招潮蟹需要在陆地和水中都能看得很清楚。由此可知,本段主要介绍了招潮蟹复眼的优点。故选B。
7.C 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“They also immersed the camera halfway in a tub to test its underwater capabilities.”可知,为了测试相机的水下能力,要将相机浸泡在水中。design设计;repair修理;drown浸泡;abandon放弃。故选C。
8.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Though the camera...improving camera capabilities in the rain.(虽然这款相机仍处于开发的早期阶段,还没有准备好投入商业使用,但人们希望它最终能通过提高相机的整体质量和其在雨天的性能,来帮助汽车变得更安全。)”可知,作者对于这款相机的态度是积极的。positive积极的;doubtful怀疑的;unclear不确定的;carefree不负责任的。故选A。
【高频词汇】 1.vision n.视野 2.essentially adv.基本上;本质上 3.operate v.运转;操作 4.address vt.处理,对付
【差距词汇】 1.integrate v.(使)加入,融入群体;(使)合并 2.merge v.(使)合并,结合,并入
长难句
原句 Though the camera is still in the early stages of its development and is not ready for commercial use, the hope is that it will eventually be used to help make cars safer by improving camera quality in general and improving camera capabilities in the rain.
分析 本句为主从复合句。“Though the camera...commercial use”为Though引导的让步状语从句;“that it will eventually...in the rain”为that引导的表语从句。
译文 虽然这款相机仍处于开发的早期阶段,还没有准备好投入商业使用,但人们希望它最终能通过提高相机的整体质量和其在雨天的性能,来帮助汽车变得更安全。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了马达加斯加的猴面包树的储水功能,该功能帮助当地人应对干旱的气候。
1.existing 考查现在分词。Malaindrano后的is是谓语动词,“that...water”为定语从句,修饰baobab;动词exist与其逻辑主语Malaindrano为主动关系,应用现在分词作状语。
2.but 考查连词。空前后分别为两个完整的句子,都不缺成分,空处应用连词连接前后两部分,且空前与空后为转折关系,故填but。
3.completely 考查副词。设空处修饰filled,应用副词,complete的副词形式为completely。
4.as 考查介词。固定短语be known as意为“以……著称”,此处使用的是know的非谓语动词形式,know与其逻辑主语之间为被动关系,用known as...作状语,故填as。
5.natural 考查形容词。设空处修饰空后的名词短语water tanks,需用形容词作前置定语;nature的形容词形式为natural。
6.is absorbed 考查时态、语态及主谓一致。设空处在where引导的定语从句中作谓语;陈述客观存在的状况,应用一般现在时态;the little rain与absorb之间为被动关系,应用被动语态;主语为the little rain,谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填 is absorbed。
7.died 考查时态。根据句中时间状语In the 1920s and 1930s可知应用一般过去时,die的过去式为died。
8.to store 考查动词不定式。句意:这迫使当地人从大自然中获得灵感,想出了一个主意——挖空猴面包树,在水分充足时储存水分。设空处为非谓语动词,表目的,应用动词不定式,故填to store。
9.ability 考查名词。the后接名词,able的名词形式为ability。have the ability to do sth.意为“有做某事的能力”。故填ability。
10.whom 考查关系代词。“many of 10 rely on the tree water for around a third of the year”为“many of+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词some 20,000 people,关系代词在从句中作介词of的宾语,指人,应用whom。
【高频词汇】 1.storage n.贮存 2.vital adj.至关重要的
3.unique adj.独特的 4.extreme adj.极度的,极端的
5.come up with提出,想出 6.abundant adj.充足的,丰富的
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2024外研版高中英语选择性必修第三册同步
Unit 5 Learning from nature
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.The stories of those scientists working in the (前沿) of science and technology inspire us to study harder.
2.Jim is a naughty boy and he is always (模仿) Miss Li in class, making her quite angry.
3.His performance on stage was absolutely s and earned warm applause.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.It’s reported that the hotel is bound to be converted a nursing home.
2.While I know little about (architect), I find that building impressive.
3.Some students took for granted that only the examined subjects were important.
4. (absorb) in the oil painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching.
5.He also enriched minerals in the soil while (reduce) chemical fertilizers.
6.If I had to make just one recommendation for where (stay) in Rome, it would be Yellow Hostel.(2021全国新高考Ⅰ)
7.The scenery was very beautiful, and there were so many other amazing things to try we all didn’t want to go home.
8.Marco Polo, family had long been travelers on the Silk Road, spent over 20 years exploring Asia.
Ⅲ.选词填空
be based on; respond to; be used to; meet the needs of
To 1. environment friendly travel, bike sharing emerged a few years ago.We have to say bike sharing 2. the public and brings people more convenience. The bikes themselves are not new, but the operating model of bike sharing 3. high technology. People who are in need can use their smart phones to scan the QR code to pay. Now an increasing number of people 4. riding the bikes. At the same time, bike sharing has become a new choice for short journeys in cities.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.练中国功夫不但能增强一个人的体质,还能培养一个人的品性。(not only...but also...)
Practising Chinese kung fu one’s strength, one’s character.
2.我是在读到他的诗时开始欣赏这些建筑的美的。(强调句型)
I began to appreciate the beauty of these buildings.
3.当我激动地走回家的时候,我想出了许多处理它的计划。(疑问词+不定式)
As I walked home with excitement, I came up with many plans for .
4.The teacher spoke so fast that I couldn’t take down everything just now.(句式升级:倒装句)
→ that I couldn’t take down everything just now.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Trees, plants and flowers are all around us and we enjoy their 1 (beautiful) every day. Nature is presented in various architectural designs as well.
People 2 interest is exploring the relationship between art and science will enjoy Singapore’s ArtScience Museum, which was designed 3 (show) the connection between nature and the modern city environment. Visitors are often amazed to find themselves in an urban building that so 4 (true) captures the beauty of natural forms.
Harare’s Eastgate Centre is 5 superb example of biomimicry. Its architect Mick Pearce was inspired to create it while 6 (watch) a nature documentary in which termites were constructing their nests. The design reduces the need for 7 (tradition) air conditioning and heating systems.
The Algae House is the world’s first algae powered building, whose surface is covered in panels that contain algae. The panels capture heat 8 the sun and convert it into energy that powers the building. And the algae inside the panels can 9 (harvest) and used to produce fuel.
Creating buildings like these 10 (enable) us to live in closer harmony with our environment.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2022福建莆田一中月考)
An inventor, physicist, surveyor, astronomer, biologist, artist...Robert Hooke was all these and more. Some say he was the greatest experimental scientist of the 17th century. In the course of his work, he cooperated with famous men of science like Isaac Newton, and the great architect, Christopher Wren.
Hooke’s early education began at home,under the guidance of his father. He entered the Westminster School at the age of 14, and from there he went to Oxford, where he came in contact with some of the best scientists in England. Hooke impressed them with his skill at designing experiments and inventing instruments. In 1662, at the age of 27, he was named the Curator of Experiments at the newly formed the Royal Society of London—meaning that he was responsible for demonstrating new experiments at the society’s weekly meeting. Hooke accepted the job, even though he knew that the society had no money to pay him!
Watching living things through a microscope was one of his favorite pastimes. He invented a compound microscope for this purpose. One day while observing cork(软木) under a microscope, he saw honeycomb like structures. There were cells—the smallest unit of life. In fact, it was Hooke who invented the term “cell” as the box like cells of the cork reminded him of the cells of a monastery(修道院).
Another achievement of Hooke was his book Micrographia, which introduces the enormous potential of the microscope. It contains fascinating drawings of the thing he saw under the microscope. The book also includes, among other things, ideas on gravity, light and combustion(燃烧) that may have helped scientists like Newton when they were developing their own theories on these phenomena.
Hooke made a valuable contribution to astronomy too. A crater on the moon is named after him in honour of his service to this branch of science.
1.Which of the following can best describe Hooke according to Paragraph 2
A.Friendly. B.Sociable. C.Creative. D.Helpful.
2.When did Robert Hooke probably went to school
A.In 1649. B.In 1634. C.In 1662. D.In 1640.
3.Which is the possible reason that Hooke accepted the job as the Curator of Experiments
A.He liked designing experiments.
B.He wanted to push back the frontiers of science.
C.He wanted to please the famous scientists in England.
D.Other superb scientists weren’t interested in the position.
4.What does the last paragraph prove
A.Hooke was the greatest experimental scientist of the 17th century.
B.Hooke was good at making discoveries.
C.Hooke’s contributions were not limited to one field.
D.Hooke was one of the greatest astronomers.
B
(2023河南大联考)
Over the past decade or so, camera technology has become more and more integrated into our everyday lives. We use our phone camera to store memories and important information, and cameras help keep us safe while we are driving. Parallel parking is much easier now because cars come with rearview cameras.
However, up until now, cameras have also been limited. Wide field of vision cameras have been around since 2013, but these cameras only have a 180 degree field of vision, and can be clumsy (笨拙的). They work by essentially merging images coming from two or more cameras. This can lead to distortion(失真). In addition, using the cameras underwater also leads to distortion as light is refracted(折射) differently underwater.
According to Fast Company, the researchers took inspiration from nature. They began by studying the fiddler crab(招潮蟹) and its compound eye. Unlike humans, fiddler crabs can look in many directions at the same time, giving them a full 360 degree field of vision. In addition, fiddler crabs need to be able to see well both on land and in water.
Dr Fredo Durand, a professor of electrical engineering and computer science at MIT’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, told Laser Focus World, “Amphibians(两栖动物) are particularly exciting because they need to operate in two environments with vastly different visual characteristics. It’s humbling to learn from nature how to address these challenges.”
The result is a little round black ball of a camera that interprets and understands light in various ways. The scientists tested the camera’s capabilities by projecting a group of images onto the camera at different angles. They also immersed the camera halfway in a tub to test its underwater capabilities. It passed with flying colors.
Though the camera is still in the early stages of its development and is not ready for commercial use, the hope is that it will eventually be used to help make cars safer by improving camera quality in general and improving camera capabilities in the rain.
5.Which is a limitation of the wide field of vision cameras
A.They can only be used underwater. B.They occupy too much space.
C.They consist of only two cameras. D.They cover a limited field of vision.
6.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A.The surprising adaptability of the fiddler crab.
B.The advantages of the fiddler crab’s compound eye.
C.The way of carrying out research into creatures.
D.The possibility of having a 360 degree field of vision.
7.Which is closest in meaning to the underlined word “immersed” in Paragraph 5
A.Designed. B.Repaired. C.Drowned. D.Abandoned.
8.What is the author’s attitude towards the camera
A.Positive. B.Doubtful. C.Unclear. D.Carefree.
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2022重庆育才中学月考)
Malaindrano is a giant baobab (猴面包树) that is hollowed out (被挖空) for the storage of water, 1 (exist) in the rural area in Madagascar. Malaindrano means “he who hates water”, 2 this baobab doesn’t hate water at all. It is so big that many people believe it has never been 3 (complete) filled. Even semi full, the trees are vital for storing water in one of Madagascar’s driest regions. Also known 4 bottle trees because of their unique thick trunks, such baobab trees form a network of 5 (nature) water tanks. Employing them has allowed people to live in a place where rain is rare, and where the little rain that falls 6 (absorb) quickly by the soil.
Lack of rain can lead to a lack of food. In the 1920s and 1930s, thousands of people 7 (die) because of extreme drought. This forced the locals to take inspiration from nature and come up with an idea: hollowing out baobabs 8 (store) water when water is abundant. A large baobab has the 9 (able) to store about 14,000 litres of water. Today, some 20,000 people live in the region, many of 10 rely on the tree water for around a third of the year.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Unit 5 Learning from nature
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.frontiers 2.mimicking 3.superb
Ⅱ.1.to/into 考查介词。句意:据报道,这家旅馆很可能会被改造成养老院。convert A to/into B为固定短语,意为“把A转变为B”。
2.architecture 考查名词。句意:虽然我对建筑设计知之甚少,但我觉得那座建筑令人印象深刻。设空处作介词about的宾语,表示“建筑设计”,故填architecture。
3.it 考查代词。句意:有些学生理所当然地认为只有考试科目才是重要的。take it for granted that...为固定句型,意为“认为……是理所当然的”。
4.Absorbed 考查非谓语动词。句意:约翰专心于这幅油画,没有注意到夜幕降临了。John与absorb之间是逻辑上的被动关系,故用过去分词作原因状语。
5.reducing 考查非谓语动词。句意:他还在土壤中增加了矿物质,同时减少了化肥。分析句子结构可知,本句已有谓语enriched,故此处应用非谓语动词。结合空前的while可知,此处为状语从句的省略,动词reduce与其逻辑主语He之间为主动关系,故用现在分词形式。
6.to stay 考查动词不定式。分析句子结构可知,for后面的“where (stay) in Rome”作介词for的宾语,是“疑问词+不定式”结构,故填to stay。
7.that 考查连词。句意:风景非常美丽,还有那么多其他令人惊奇的事情可以尝试,以至于我们都不想回家了。分析句子结构可知,and连接两个并列分句。根据and后的分句中的so many可知该分句使用了“so...that...”句型,意为“如此……以至于……”。故填that。
8.whose 考查定语从句。句意:马可·波罗一家长期在丝绸之路上旅行,他花了20多年时间探索亚洲。分析句子结构可知,“ family had long been travelers on the Silk Road”为定语从句,修饰先行词Marco Polo,定语从句中关系词作定语修饰family,故填whose。
Ⅲ.1.respond to 2.meets the needs of 3.is based on
4.are used to
Ⅳ.1.can not only build up; but also develop 2.It was when I read his poem that 3.how to deal with it/what to do with it 4.So fast did the teacher speak
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.beauty 考查名词。根据空前的名词所有格their可知应用名词作enjoy的宾语,故填beauty。
2.whose 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,“ 2 interest is exploring the relationship between art and science”为设空处引导的定语从句,设空处在从句中作定语,修饰interest,故填whose。
3.to show 考查动词不定式。be designed to do...为固定搭配,意为“被设计来做……”。故填to show。
4.truly 考查副词。根据空前的so和空后的动词captures可知,设空处应用副词作状语。故填truly。
5.a 考查冠词。a(n)...example of意为“一个……的例子”。
6.watching 考查现在分词。根据句子结构可知,此处是while引导的时间状语从句while (he was) watching a nature documentary的省略形式。故填watching。
7.traditional 考查形容词。设空处修饰空后的名词短语air conditioning and heating systems,应用形容词作定语;此处表示“传统的”,故填traditional。
8.from 考查介词。句意:这些板吸收来自太阳的热量,并将其转化为建筑物所需的能量。根据句意可知答案为from。
9.be harvested 考查语态。主语the algae与harvest之间为被动关系,再根据and used可知应用被动语态;根据空前的can可知填be harvested。
10.enables 考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知设空处作谓语,此处表示一种客观事实,应用一般现在时。句子的主语是动名词短语Creating buildings like these,故答案为enables。
Ⅱ.A
◎语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了英国伟大的科学家、生物学家、细胞的发现者——Robert Hooke的个人经历和成就。
1.C 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Hooke impressed them with his skill at designing experiments and inventing instruments.(Hooke在设计实验和发明仪器方面的技巧给他们留下了深刻的印象)”可推知,Hooke是个有创造力的人。故选C。
2.A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“In 1662,at the age of 27”,及“He entered the Westminster School at the age of 14”可知他14岁上学,应该是在1649年。故选A。
3.A 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Hooke impressed them with his skill at designing experiments and inventing instruments. In 1662, at the age of 27, he was named the Curator of Experiments...Hooke accepted the job”可知,Hooke接受实验管理员一职的原因是他喜欢设计实验。故选A。
4.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Hooke made a valuable contribution to astronomy too. A crater on the moon is named after him in honour of his service to this branch of science.(Hooke对天文学也做出了宝贵的贡献。月球上的一个陨石坑是以他的名字命名的,以纪念他对这一科学分支的贡献)”可推知,最后一段是为了证明Hooke的贡献并不局限于一个领域。故选C。
【高频词汇】 1.cooperate with与……合作 2.under the guidance of在……的指导下 3.be responsible for对……负责 4.enormous adj.巨大的,极大的
5.potential n.潜力 6.fascinating adj.极有吸引力的,迷人的 7.phenomenon n.现象 8.be named after以……的名字命名 9.in honour of为向……表示敬意
【差距词汇】 1.demonstrate v.演示,证明 2.pastime n.娱乐,消遣
长难句
原句 In fact, it was Hooke who invented the term “cell” as the box like cells of the cork reminded him of the cells of a monastery.
分析 本句使用了强调句型,强调主语Hooke。as引导原因状语从句。remind sb. of sth.提醒某人某事。
译文 事实上,正是胡克发明了“细胞”这个术语,因为软木上的盒子状的小隔室让他想起了修道院的小房间。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。近十年来,相机技术已经越来越多地融入我们的日常生活。研究人员从自然界中寻找灵感,研究并开发了一种新款相机。
5.D 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“However, up until now, cameras have also been limited. Wide field of vision cameras have been around since 2013, but these cameras only have a 180 degree field of vision, and can be clumsy.”可知,宽视野相机覆盖的视野有限。故选D。
6.B 主旨大意题。第三段提到研究人员开始研究招潮蟹和它的复眼,与人类不同的是,招潮蟹可以同时向多个方向看,这给了它360度的视野,此外,招潮蟹需要在陆地和水中都能看得很清楚。由此可知,本段主要介绍了招潮蟹复眼的优点。故选B。
7.C 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句“They also immersed the camera halfway in a tub to test its underwater capabilities.”可知,为了测试相机的水下能力,要将相机浸泡在水中。design设计;repair修理;drown浸泡;abandon放弃。故选C。
8.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Though the camera...improving camera capabilities in the rain.(虽然这款相机仍处于开发的早期阶段,还没有准备好投入商业使用,但人们希望它最终能通过提高相机的整体质量和其在雨天的性能,来帮助汽车变得更安全。)”可知,作者对于这款相机的态度是积极的。positive积极的;doubtful怀疑的;unclear不确定的;carefree不负责任的。故选A。
【高频词汇】 1.vision n.视野 2.essentially adv.基本上;本质上 3.operate v.运转;操作 4.address vt.处理,对付
【差距词汇】 1.integrate v.(使)加入,融入群体;(使)合并 2.merge v.(使)合并,结合,并入
长难句
原句 Though the camera is still in the early stages of its development and is not ready for commercial use, the hope is that it will eventually be used to help make cars safer by improving camera quality in general and improving camera capabilities in the rain.
分析 本句为主从复合句。“Though the camera...commercial use”为Though引导的让步状语从句;“that it will eventually...in the rain”为that引导的表语从句。
译文 虽然这款相机仍处于开发的早期阶段,还没有准备好投入商业使用,但人们希望它最终能通过提高相机的整体质量和其在雨天的性能,来帮助汽车变得更安全。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了马达加斯加的猴面包树的储水功能,该功能帮助当地人应对干旱的气候。
1.existing 考查现在分词。Malaindrano后的is是谓语动词,“that...water”为定语从句,修饰baobab;动词exist与其逻辑主语Malaindrano为主动关系,应用现在分词作状语。
2.but 考查连词。空前后分别为两个完整的句子,都不缺成分,空处应用连词连接前后两部分,且空前与空后为转折关系,故填but。
3.completely 考查副词。设空处修饰filled,应用副词,complete的副词形式为completely。
4.as 考查介词。固定短语be known as意为“以……著称”,此处使用的是know的非谓语动词形式,know与其逻辑主语之间为被动关系,用known as...作状语,故填as。
5.natural 考查形容词。设空处修饰空后的名词短语water tanks,需用形容词作前置定语;nature的形容词形式为natural。
6.is absorbed 考查时态、语态及主谓一致。设空处在where引导的定语从句中作谓语;陈述客观存在的状况,应用一般现在时态;the little rain与absorb之间为被动关系,应用被动语态;主语为the little rain,谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填 is absorbed。
7.died 考查时态。根据句中时间状语In the 1920s and 1930s可知应用一般过去时,die的过去式为died。
8.to store 考查动词不定式。句意:这迫使当地人从大自然中获得灵感,想出了一个主意——挖空猴面包树,在水分充足时储存水分。设空处为非谓语动词,表目的,应用动词不定式,故填to store。
9.ability 考查名词。the后接名词,able的名词形式为ability。have the ability to do sth.意为“有做某事的能力”。故填ability。
10.whom 考查关系代词。“many of 10 rely on the tree water for around a third of the year”为“many of+关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词some 20,000 people,关系代词在从句中作介词of的宾语,指人,应用whom。
【高频词汇】 1.storage n.贮存 2.vital adj.至关重要的
3.unique adj.独特的 4.extreme adj.极度的,极端的
5.come up with提出,想出 6.abundant adj.充足的,丰富的
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