2024外研版高中英语选择性必修第三册同步练习--Unit 5 Part 2 Using language（含答案与解析）
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2024外研版高中英语选择性必修第三册同步
Part 2 Using language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.What words of (智慧) could you pass on to the next generation
2.Diane was a big fish in a small (池塘) in her hometown, but when she moved to New York City, nobody knew who she was.
3.The best way to s the seeds of patience in children is through their parents.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.Most of us use about five thousand words in our normal (employ) of English.
2.In many cases, scientists take inspiration nature to make a breakthrough.
3.You are supposed to seek solutions the problems yourself, instead of waiting for others to help you.
4.I’ll never understand how it came that you were an hour late for such a short journey.
Ⅲ.单元语法专练
题型(一)
1.The next step is (make) sure that you know exactly what is required.
2.He was so (excite) when he heard his mother’s words that they would go for a picnic next weekend.
3.It’s important for us (pay) attention to our health which is the foundation of our work and learning.
4.The two girls are so alike that strangers find difficult to tell one from the other.
5. (learn) to think critically is an important skill today’s children will need for the future.
6.I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but the driver refused (stop) until we reached the next stop.
7.I can hardly imagine Peter (finish) the difficult task in such a short time.
8.The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain (seat) as the plane was making a landing.
题型(二)
Hello, everyone. I’m Mary, a middle aged woman with two kids. I’m glad to be here to share my daily life with you.
I usually get up at around 6 o’clock in the morning and after getting up, I usually spend half an hour 1 (take) exercise outdoors, which makes me feel energetic. Then I will prepare breakfast for my whole family and at around 7:30 am, we’ll have breakfast together. What I love to do while having breakfast is 2 (read) news on my phone.
After breakfast, I will drive to work. Although I have morning meetings every day, I try 3 (make) the meetings short and to the point so as not to waste everyone’s time. In the afternoon, I usually stay in my office, doing lots of paperwork. On the way home, I enjoy 4 (listen) to some music while driving. After a day’s work, I usually feel very 5 (tire), but 6 (prepare) dinner for the whole family is a great pleasure for me.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2023山西太原师院附中月考)
In valleys with thick plants, different sized round and square buildings with faded yellow clay walls and wooden roofs,tulou lie in mountainous villages in Longyan, Fujian Province. There are more than 23,000 tulou in Yongding, which became well known after 46 were given World Heritage status by UNESCO in 2008. “The structures were awarded because they are exceptional examples of a building of tradition and function demonstrating a particular type of communal(共有的) living and defensive organization, and, in terms of their harmonious relationship with their environment, an outstanding example of the human settlement,” UNESCO said.
The multistorey giant tulou buildings were built with wood and mud walls. Constructed from the 15th to 20th centuries, these massive communal homes were sited based on feng shui principles, which claim to use energy forces to harmonize individuals with their environment. Tulou are also purposefully resting amid tea, tobacco, rice plantations and abundant forests of pine and bamboo.
Throughout history,tulou residents have mostly been Hakkas—migrants in southern China. Population pressures created conflict between the Hakkas and their neighbors, so they built their homes to double as defending. The buildings are mainly four or five storeys high. The first floor serves as the kitchen, the second is used for grain storage and the upper floors act as living areas. The structures are mainly symmetrical(对称的), and their defensive features include ironclad gates, escape tunnels, narrow openings for weapons under the dark tiled roofs, and a water well. For their defensive function, only rooms on the third floor and higher have windows, which are very small. With sufficient food, the residents could survive in the event of a lengthy conflict.
Communal living is integral to these villages, where the closed wall design boosts social interaction. Residents gather in the courtyard for ceremonies such as ancestor worship and weddings. Tulou is such a superb piece of architecture, living up to the title given by UNESCO.
1.What do we know about tulou
A.Over 23,000 tulou were given World Heritage status.
B.Among 23,000 tulou, only 46 became famous globally.
C.They’re exceptional buildings of tradition and function.
D.Tulou is the most outstanding Chinese human settlement.
2.What is most important for residents during a long period of conflict
A.Escape tunnels. B.Enough food. C.Small windows. D.Defensive weapons.
3.What is probably the author’s attitude to the protection of tulou
A.Favorable. B.Unclear. C.Negative. D.Unconcerned.
4.Which of the following could be the best title for the text
A.Tulou: in Harmony with Their Environments
B.Tulou: Different Sized Round and Square Buildings
C.Tulou: Given the World Heritage Status by UNESCO in 2008
D.Tulou: a Special Chinese Structure Combining Living and Defending
Ⅱ.七选五
(2022北京顺义区统考)
When you need to seek a solution to a design problem, you could ask yourself, “What animals or plants face a similar problem in their lives, and how do they handle it ” 1 Termites in Africa control the temperature and air currents in their nests by having thick walls and air spaces in the top part. The Eastgate Centre in Harare, Zimbabwe was designed in a similar way, with thick overhangs shading the windows, and all the offices connected to a big chimney letting hot air escape. This allows it to stay cool while using much less air conditioning. 2
Engineer Nakatsu also asked himself the same question. 3 A keen birdwatcher, Nakatsu realised that kingfishers also experience an abrupt pressure change when diving into the pond, but their beaks allow them to pierce through the water smoothly. His team found that putting a long, pointed nose on the train greatly reduced the loud boom in the tunnel and allowed it to run faster.
Having a big picture of the world we live in also helps us understand how technology can be used to protect instead of destroy it. 4 On the other hand, plastic packaging creates a lot of waste and pollution. One company has come up with an alternative material made of cornhusk waste and some big companies are starting to use it.
5 Nakatsu worries that children today do not have the opportunity to touch and feel nature. He advises that students in university should study more than one narrow field so that they do not just have one fixed way of thinking.
A.In nature, everything gets recycled.
B.To mimic nature, we must be familiar with it.
C.It turns out that natural beauty often has a logical reason behind it.
D.Large cities full of people are often compared to ants’ colonies (群).
E.This idea was used to arrange hundreds of mirrors at a solar power plant.
F.It could be a good solution for the hot and crowded cities in Southeast Asia too.
G.His problem was that the pressure from a bullet train rushing into a tunnel at high speed caused loud noises.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2023江苏盐城月考) One day, my uncle brought home a parrot. My cousin and I called it Mitthu. My family were so 1 that they trimmed (剪掉) its wings. They said if it left home, it wouldn’t 2 outside without us. As time went by, we grew and so did Mitthu. Its wings grew quite a lot. Mitthu wasn’t kept in a cage. I sometimes wondered why it didn’t 3 . Maybe it was quite attached to us and didn’t want to leave us, or it didn’t want to leave the luxurious life and 4 the harsh reality of life. As I grew older, I 5 that Mitthu’s life wasn’t very different from mine. I was pampered(溺爱) and 6 carefully. I was prohibited from really 7 the outside world. My house became my whole world, which was like an invisible 8 that had restricted my spirit. Now I’m sent out to study and told that I have the whole sky to fly, but 9 , just as Mitthu, I am not able to do so. Mitthu and I might be two different beings but we are 10 in a similar situation. I am afraid of flying. I am afraid my behavior might hurt my parents’feelings. These emotions and 11 will never really allow us to fly independently! It’s good for parents to love and 12 their children, but, sometimes, over protectiveness from parents might harm their children’s future and 13 children’s decisions. True 14 is to allow kids to grow freely and let them try 15 things. Thus, they will be brimming with confidence and courage. 1.A.primitive B.extensive C.aggressive D.possessive 2.A.survive B.escape C.appear D.change 3.A.come around B.fly away C.come back D.take shape 4.A.ignore B.represent C.shift D.face 5.A.realized B.expected C.dismissed D.convinced 6.A.evaluated B.educated C.tended D.exposed 7.A.keeping up with B.coming down to C.breaking away from D.getting along with 8.A.branch B.cage C.light D.cave 9.A.rarely B.gradually C.sadly D.violently 10.A.trapped B.frozen C.hatched D.stored 11.A.strength B.fulfilment C.commitment D.attachment 12.A.adopt B.attain C.protect D.entertain 13.A.influence B.support C.forecast D.comprise 14.A.harmony B.love C.freedom D.equality 15.A.humble B.different C.unique D.intense
Part 2 Using language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.wisdom 2.pond 3.sow
Ⅱ.1.employment 考查名词。句意:我们大多数人在平常应用英语时大约使用5,000个单词。根据空前的形容词性物主代词our和形容词normal可知设空处用名词。由语境可知此处指的是使用英语,设空处表示“使用,运用”,故填employment。
2.from 考查固定短语。句意:在很多情况下,科学家们从大自然中获得灵感以作出突破。take inspiration from从……中获取灵感。
3.to 考查固定短语。句意:你应该自己寻求解决问题的方法,而不是等别人来帮助你。seek solutions to寻求……的解决方法。
4.about 考查固定短语。句意:我永远无法理解这么短的行程你晚了一个小时是怎么回事。come about发生。
Ⅲ.题型(一)
1.to make 考查动词不定式作表语。句意:下一步是确保你确切地知道需要什么。结合句意可知此处应用不定式作表语解释说明step的内容,故填to make。
2.excited 考查过去分词作表语。根据空前的系动词was和语境可知此处作表语,表示主语的感受,应用过去分词,意为“(感到)兴奋的”,故填excited。
类比启发 以后缀 ed结尾的形容词通常用于说明人,表示“(人感到)……的”;以后缀 ing结尾的形容词主要用于说明事物,表示事物的性质或特征,若用它们说明人,则表示此人具有此性质或特征。
3.to pay 考查动词不定式作主语。此处为“It is+adj.+for sb. to do sth.”句型,It作形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式短语,故填to pay。
4.it 考查代词。句意:这两个女孩长得如此相像,以至于陌生人觉得很难把她们区分开。设空处用在find后作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式短语to tell one from the other,故填it。
5.Learning 考查动名词作主语。句意:学会批判性思考是今天的孩子们未来将需要的一项重要技能。 分析句子结构可知,“ (learn)to think critically is an important skill”是主句,“today’s children will need for the future”是省略了关系词的定语从句。主句中is之前的部分作主语,设空处应用动名词或不定式;此处表示一般性的动作概念,应用动名词作主语,故填Learning。
6.to stop 考查动词不定式作宾语。句意:我听到我身后有位乘客向司机大喊,但司机拒绝停下来,直到我们到达下一站。refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事。
7.finishing 考查动名词作宾语。句意:我很难想象彼得能在这么短的时间内完成这项艰巨的任务。imagine sb. doing sth.想象某人做某事,此处Peter作finish的逻辑主语。
8.seated 考查过去分词作表语。根据语境及空前的系动词remain可知此处作表语,passengers与seat之间为逻辑上的被动关系,应用过去分词作表语。remain seated坐着不动。故填seated。
易错归因 此题很容易把seat与passengers看成是逻辑上的主动关系,而错填为seating。seat作动词时为及物动词,意为“使……就座”,与其逻辑主语passengers是被动关系。
题型(二)
1.taking 考查动名词作宾语。spend some time (in) doing sth.为固定结构,意为“花费时间做某事”,因此此处应用动名词作宾语。故填taking。
2.(to) read 考查动词不定式作表语。此处表示具体的动作,应用动词不定式作表语。当主语部分含有动词do的某种形式时,作表语的不定式可省略to。故填(to) read。
类比启发 动词不定式作表语表示具体的、个别的动作或将来的动作;动名词作表语表示一般性行为、抽象概念,具有名词性质。
3.to make 考查不定式作宾语。try to do sth.尽力做某事。
4.listening 考查动名词作宾语。enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事。
5.tired 考查过去分词作表语。空前的feel为系动词,由语境可知空处表示“(感到)疲惫的”,应用过去分词作feel的表语。故填tired。
6.preparing 考查动名词作主语。分析句子结构可知,句中but连接两个并列分句。在but后的分句中,is前面的部分作主语;此处表示一种经常性的、泛指的行为,应用动名词作主语,故填preparing。
能力提升练
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的土楼建筑,介绍了其建造特点、功能等。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段中“The structures were awarded because they are exceptional examples of a building of tradition and function”可知,土楼是具有传统和功能的杰出建筑。故选C。
2.B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“With sufficient food, the residents could survive in the event of a lengthy conflict.”可知,在长期的冲突中,对居民来说最重要的是有足够的食物。故选B。
3.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Tulou is such a superb piece of architecture, living up to the title given by UNESCO.”可知,作者对土楼的评价是肯定的,因此作者对土楼保护的态度可能是支持的。favorable支持的,赞同的;unclear不确定的;negative消极的;unconcerned不关心的。故选A。
4.D 主旨大意题。文章在第一段中对土楼进行整体介绍“they are exceptional examples of a building of tradition and function...an outstanding example of the human settlement(它们是传统和功能建筑的杰出典范,展示了一种特殊类型的集体生活和防御性组织,而且就其与环境的和谐关系而言,它们是人类定居点的杰出典范)”,接下来文章介绍了土楼的建造特点、功能等。由此可知,D选项“土楼:中国特色的居住与防御相结合的建筑”最适合作文章标题。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.award v.授予;奖励 n.奖品,奖金
2.in terms of在……方面,就……而言 3.claim vt.声称
4.serve as充当,起……作用 5.sufficient adj.充足的 6.live up to符合,达到
【差距词汇】 1.harmonize v.使和谐统一,使协调一致
2.lengthy adj.很长的;冗长的
长难句
原句 Constructed from the 15th to 20th centuries, these massive communal homes were sited based on feng shui principles, which claim to use energy forces to harmonize individuals with their environment.
分析 本句为主从复合句。“Constructed from the 15th to 20th centuries”和“based on feng shui principles”为过去分词短语作状语,“which claim to use...environment”为which引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词feng shui principles。
译文 这些巨大的公共住宅建于15世纪至20世纪,根据风水原则选址,风水原则声称利用能量使个人与环境协调一致。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们可以从大自然中获取灵感,以便用更环保的方式解决我们所面临的问题。
1.D 过渡句。设空处与上下文构成的语境为:遇到设计问题时可以想象面临类似问题的动植物→ 1 →非洲白蚁巢穴的特点。分析选项可知D项“人口众多的大城市经常被比作蚁群”承上启下,对上文所说的动植物解决类似问题的情况进行举例,同时引出下文对该示例的介绍,符合题意。D项中的ants’呼应下文中的Termites。故选D。
2.F 细节句。空处位于段末,应承接上文。根据上文“津巴布韦哈拉雷的伊斯特盖特中心也采用了类似的设计方法,厚实的悬架遮蔽窗户,所有的办公室都连接到一个大烟囱,让热空气逸出。这使得它在使用更少的空调的同时保持凉爽”可知,这种类似白蚁巢穴的设计适用于处于炎热地带的城市。结合选项可知F项“对于在东南亚的炎热、拥挤的城市来说,这也是一个很好的解决方案”承接上文,继续陈述这种设计的应用,符合题意。F项中的too表明上下文的并列关系。故选F。
3.G 细节句。根据上文“工程师Nakatsu也问了自己同样的问题”推知,空处应指出Nakatsu面临的问题是什么。G项“他的问题是高速行驶的高速列车冲进隧道时产生的压力会产生巨大的噪声”符合题意。G项中的 problem是关键词,与上句中的question对应,故选G。
4.A 细节句。根据下文中的“On the other hand”推知,空处内容与下文形成对照,下文“plastic packaging creates a lot of waste and pollution”说的是破坏环境的情况,则推知空处陈述环保的一方面。A项“在自然界,一切都是循环使用的”符合题意。故选A。
5.B 主旨句。根据下文“Nakatsu担心现在的孩子没有机会接触和感受大自然。他建议大学里的学生应该学习不止一个狭窄的领域,这样他们就不会只有一种固定的思维方式”可知,Nakatsu建议孩子们多接触大自然,这样就可以熟悉大自然,并从中学习一些解决问题的方法。B项“要模仿大自然,我们必须熟悉它”符合本段主旨。B项中的nature在下文中复现。故选B。
【高频词汇】 1.handle v.处理 2.alternative adj.可供替代的
【熟词生义】 escape v.漏出;泄漏
【差距词汇】 1.abrupt adj.突然的,意外的 2.pierce v.穿过;刺破;穿透
长难句
原句 He advises that students in university should study more than one narrow field so that they do not just have one fixed way of thinking.
分析 本句是主从复合句。advises后是that引导的宾语从句,其中so that引导结果状语从句。
译文 他建议大学里的学生应该学习不止一个狭窄的领域,这样他们就不会只有一种固定的思维方式。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述作者家里养了一只鹦鹉,鹦鹉被作者的家人剪掉翅膀以后无法真正接触外界,而作者与鹦鹉类似,父母的溺爱让他无法真正地成长,无法独立,以此教育劝诫父母要正确地爱孩子,不要过度保护。
1.D 根据下文“that they trimmed (剪掉) its wings”可知作者的家人剪了鹦鹉的翅膀,这样它就不会飞走了,所以作者的家人应该是占有欲强的(possessive)。primitive原始的;extensive广阔的,大量的;aggressive有侵略性的。
2.A 根据上文可知鹦鹉被剪掉了翅膀,所以说离开作者家它就不能生存(survive)。escape逃跑;appear出现;change改变。
3.B 根据上文“Mitthu wasn’t kept in a cage.”可知鹦鹉没有被关进笼子里,所以作者想知道它为什么不飞走(fly away)。come around苏醒;come back回来;take shape成形。
4.D “ 4 the harsh reality of life”与上文“leave the luxurious life”并列,指不愿面对(face)生活的残酷现实。ignore忽视;represent代表;shift转移。
5.A 根据下文“I was pampered(溺爱) and 6 carefully.”可知随着年龄的增长,作者意识到(realized)自己的情况和Mitthu差不多。expect期盼;dismiss解雇;convince使相信。
6.C 根据上文“I was pampered(溺爱)”可知作者被溺爱和细心地照顾(tended)着。evaluate评估;educate教育;expose暴露。
7.D 上文提到作者意识到Mitthu的生活和自己的没什么不同,Mitthu无法接触外面的世界,而作者被禁止与外界真正相处(getting along with)。keep up with跟上;come down to主要涉及;break away from摆脱;get along with与……和睦相处。
8.B 根据上文“Mitthu’s life wasn’t very different from mine”可知作者和Mitthu一样被困在一个看不见的笼子(cage)里。branch树枝;light光;cave洞穴。
9.C 根据下文“I am afraid of flying. I am afraid my behavior might hurt my parents’ feelings.”可知,此处应表达负面的情绪。rarely罕见地;gradually逐渐地;sadly悲伤地;violently暴力地。故选C。
10.A 根据上下文语境和“in a similar situation”可知作者和Mitthu有着同样的境遇,所以应该是为相似的环境所困(trapped)。freeze冻僵;hatch孵出;store储存。
11.D 句意:这些情感和依恋永远不会真正让我们独自飞翔!strength力量;fulfilment满足(感);commitment承诺;attachment依恋。故选D。
12.C 根据上文“love”和下文“over protectiveness”可知此处应选protect“保护”。adopt领养;attain获得;entertain娱乐。
13.A 根据上文“over protectiveness from parents might harm their children’s future”可知父母的过度保护可能会伤害孩子的未来,影响(influence)孩子的决定。support支持;forecast预测;comprise包含。
14.B 句意:真正的爱是让孩子自由成长,让他们尝试不同的事物。harmony和谐;love爱;freedom自由;equality平等。故选B。
15.B 根据上文“True 14 is to allow kids to grow freely”可知真正的爱是让孩子自由成长,所以应该允许孩子尝试不同的(different)事物,而不是不与外界接触。humble谦逊的;unique独特的;intense强烈的。
【高频词汇】 1.be attached to依恋;爱慕 2.prohibit vt.禁止,阻止 3.invisible adj.看不见的;隐形的
【差距词汇】 1.luxurious adj.十分舒适的;奢侈的
2.brim with充溢;充满
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2024外研版高中英语选择性必修第三册同步
Part 2 Using language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.What words of (智慧) could you pass on to the next generation
2.Diane was a big fish in a small (池塘) in her hometown, but when she moved to New York City, nobody knew who she was.
3.The best way to s the seeds of patience in children is through their parents.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.Most of us use about five thousand words in our normal (employ) of English.
2.In many cases, scientists take inspiration nature to make a breakthrough.
3.You are supposed to seek solutions the problems yourself, instead of waiting for others to help you.
4.I’ll never understand how it came that you were an hour late for such a short journey.
Ⅲ.单元语法专练
题型(一)
1.The next step is (make) sure that you know exactly what is required.
2.He was so (excite) when he heard his mother’s words that they would go for a picnic next weekend.
3.It’s important for us (pay) attention to our health which is the foundation of our work and learning.
4.The two girls are so alike that strangers find difficult to tell one from the other.
5. (learn) to think critically is an important skill today’s children will need for the future.
6.I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but the driver refused (stop) until we reached the next stop.
7.I can hardly imagine Peter (finish) the difficult task in such a short time.
8.The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain (seat) as the plane was making a landing.
题型(二)
Hello, everyone. I’m Mary, a middle aged woman with two kids. I’m glad to be here to share my daily life with you.
I usually get up at around 6 o’clock in the morning and after getting up, I usually spend half an hour 1 (take) exercise outdoors, which makes me feel energetic. Then I will prepare breakfast for my whole family and at around 7:30 am, we’ll have breakfast together. What I love to do while having breakfast is 2 (read) news on my phone.
After breakfast, I will drive to work. Although I have morning meetings every day, I try 3 (make) the meetings short and to the point so as not to waste everyone’s time. In the afternoon, I usually stay in my office, doing lots of paperwork. On the way home, I enjoy 4 (listen) to some music while driving. After a day’s work, I usually feel very 5 (tire), but 6 (prepare) dinner for the whole family is a great pleasure for me.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2023山西太原师院附中月考)
In valleys with thick plants, different sized round and square buildings with faded yellow clay walls and wooden roofs,tulou lie in mountainous villages in Longyan, Fujian Province. There are more than 23,000 tulou in Yongding, which became well known after 46 were given World Heritage status by UNESCO in 2008. “The structures were awarded because they are exceptional examples of a building of tradition and function demonstrating a particular type of communal(共有的) living and defensive organization, and, in terms of their harmonious relationship with their environment, an outstanding example of the human settlement,” UNESCO said.
The multistorey giant tulou buildings were built with wood and mud walls. Constructed from the 15th to 20th centuries, these massive communal homes were sited based on feng shui principles, which claim to use energy forces to harmonize individuals with their environment. Tulou are also purposefully resting amid tea, tobacco, rice plantations and abundant forests of pine and bamboo.
Throughout history,tulou residents have mostly been Hakkas—migrants in southern China. Population pressures created conflict between the Hakkas and their neighbors, so they built their homes to double as defending. The buildings are mainly four or five storeys high. The first floor serves as the kitchen, the second is used for grain storage and the upper floors act as living areas. The structures are mainly symmetrical(对称的), and their defensive features include ironclad gates, escape tunnels, narrow openings for weapons under the dark tiled roofs, and a water well. For their defensive function, only rooms on the third floor and higher have windows, which are very small. With sufficient food, the residents could survive in the event of a lengthy conflict.
Communal living is integral to these villages, where the closed wall design boosts social interaction. Residents gather in the courtyard for ceremonies such as ancestor worship and weddings. Tulou is such a superb piece of architecture, living up to the title given by UNESCO.
1.What do we know about tulou
A.Over 23,000 tulou were given World Heritage status.
B.Among 23,000 tulou, only 46 became famous globally.
C.They’re exceptional buildings of tradition and function.
D.Tulou is the most outstanding Chinese human settlement.
2.What is most important for residents during a long period of conflict
A.Escape tunnels. B.Enough food. C.Small windows. D.Defensive weapons.
3.What is probably the author’s attitude to the protection of tulou
A.Favorable. B.Unclear. C.Negative. D.Unconcerned.
4.Which of the following could be the best title for the text
A.Tulou: in Harmony with Their Environments
B.Tulou: Different Sized Round and Square Buildings
C.Tulou: Given the World Heritage Status by UNESCO in 2008
D.Tulou: a Special Chinese Structure Combining Living and Defending
Ⅱ.七选五
(2022北京顺义区统考)
When you need to seek a solution to a design problem, you could ask yourself, “What animals or plants face a similar problem in their lives, and how do they handle it ” 1 Termites in Africa control the temperature and air currents in their nests by having thick walls and air spaces in the top part. The Eastgate Centre in Harare, Zimbabwe was designed in a similar way, with thick overhangs shading the windows, and all the offices connected to a big chimney letting hot air escape. This allows it to stay cool while using much less air conditioning. 2
Engineer Nakatsu also asked himself the same question. 3 A keen birdwatcher, Nakatsu realised that kingfishers also experience an abrupt pressure change when diving into the pond, but their beaks allow them to pierce through the water smoothly. His team found that putting a long, pointed nose on the train greatly reduced the loud boom in the tunnel and allowed it to run faster.
Having a big picture of the world we live in also helps us understand how technology can be used to protect instead of destroy it. 4 On the other hand, plastic packaging creates a lot of waste and pollution. One company has come up with an alternative material made of cornhusk waste and some big companies are starting to use it.
5 Nakatsu worries that children today do not have the opportunity to touch and feel nature. He advises that students in university should study more than one narrow field so that they do not just have one fixed way of thinking.
A.In nature, everything gets recycled.
B.To mimic nature, we must be familiar with it.
C.It turns out that natural beauty often has a logical reason behind it.
D.Large cities full of people are often compared to ants’ colonies (群).
E.This idea was used to arrange hundreds of mirrors at a solar power plant.
F.It could be a good solution for the hot and crowded cities in Southeast Asia too.
G.His problem was that the pressure from a bullet train rushing into a tunnel at high speed caused loud noises.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2023江苏盐城月考) One day, my uncle brought home a parrot. My cousin and I called it Mitthu. My family were so 1 that they trimmed (剪掉) its wings. They said if it left home, it wouldn’t 2 outside without us. As time went by, we grew and so did Mitthu. Its wings grew quite a lot. Mitthu wasn’t kept in a cage. I sometimes wondered why it didn’t 3 . Maybe it was quite attached to us and didn’t want to leave us, or it didn’t want to leave the luxurious life and 4 the harsh reality of life. As I grew older, I 5 that Mitthu’s life wasn’t very different from mine. I was pampered(溺爱) and 6 carefully. I was prohibited from really 7 the outside world. My house became my whole world, which was like an invisible 8 that had restricted my spirit. Now I’m sent out to study and told that I have the whole sky to fly, but 9 , just as Mitthu, I am not able to do so. Mitthu and I might be two different beings but we are 10 in a similar situation. I am afraid of flying. I am afraid my behavior might hurt my parents’feelings. These emotions and 11 will never really allow us to fly independently! It’s good for parents to love and 12 their children, but, sometimes, over protectiveness from parents might harm their children’s future and 13 children’s decisions. True 14 is to allow kids to grow freely and let them try 15 things. Thus, they will be brimming with confidence and courage. 1.A.primitive B.extensive C.aggressive D.possessive 2.A.survive B.escape C.appear D.change 3.A.come around B.fly away C.come back D.take shape 4.A.ignore B.represent C.shift D.face 5.A.realized B.expected C.dismissed D.convinced 6.A.evaluated B.educated C.tended D.exposed 7.A.keeping up with B.coming down to C.breaking away from D.getting along with 8.A.branch B.cage C.light D.cave 9.A.rarely B.gradually C.sadly D.violently 10.A.trapped B.frozen C.hatched D.stored 11.A.strength B.fulfilment C.commitment D.attachment 12.A.adopt B.attain C.protect D.entertain 13.A.influence B.support C.forecast D.comprise 14.A.harmony B.love C.freedom D.equality 15.A.humble B.different C.unique D.intense
Part 2 Using language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.wisdom 2.pond 3.sow
Ⅱ.1.employment 考查名词。句意:我们大多数人在平常应用英语时大约使用5,000个单词。根据空前的形容词性物主代词our和形容词normal可知设空处用名词。由语境可知此处指的是使用英语,设空处表示“使用,运用”,故填employment。
2.from 考查固定短语。句意:在很多情况下,科学家们从大自然中获得灵感以作出突破。take inspiration from从……中获取灵感。
3.to 考查固定短语。句意:你应该自己寻求解决问题的方法,而不是等别人来帮助你。seek solutions to寻求……的解决方法。
4.about 考查固定短语。句意:我永远无法理解这么短的行程你晚了一个小时是怎么回事。come about发生。
Ⅲ.题型(一)
1.to make 考查动词不定式作表语。句意:下一步是确保你确切地知道需要什么。结合句意可知此处应用不定式作表语解释说明step的内容,故填to make。
2.excited 考查过去分词作表语。根据空前的系动词was和语境可知此处作表语,表示主语的感受,应用过去分词,意为“(感到)兴奋的”,故填excited。
类比启发 以后缀 ed结尾的形容词通常用于说明人,表示“(人感到)……的”;以后缀 ing结尾的形容词主要用于说明事物,表示事物的性质或特征,若用它们说明人,则表示此人具有此性质或特征。
3.to pay 考查动词不定式作主语。此处为“It is+adj.+for sb. to do sth.”句型,It作形式主语,真正的主语是动词不定式短语,故填to pay。
4.it 考查代词。句意:这两个女孩长得如此相像,以至于陌生人觉得很难把她们区分开。设空处用在find后作形式宾语,真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式短语to tell one from the other,故填it。
5.Learning 考查动名词作主语。句意:学会批判性思考是今天的孩子们未来将需要的一项重要技能。 分析句子结构可知,“ (learn)to think critically is an important skill”是主句,“today’s children will need for the future”是省略了关系词的定语从句。主句中is之前的部分作主语,设空处应用动名词或不定式;此处表示一般性的动作概念,应用动名词作主语,故填Learning。
6.to stop 考查动词不定式作宾语。句意:我听到我身后有位乘客向司机大喊,但司机拒绝停下来,直到我们到达下一站。refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事。
7.finishing 考查动名词作宾语。句意:我很难想象彼得能在这么短的时间内完成这项艰巨的任务。imagine sb. doing sth.想象某人做某事,此处Peter作finish的逻辑主语。
8.seated 考查过去分词作表语。根据语境及空前的系动词remain可知此处作表语,passengers与seat之间为逻辑上的被动关系,应用过去分词作表语。remain seated坐着不动。故填seated。
易错归因 此题很容易把seat与passengers看成是逻辑上的主动关系,而错填为seating。seat作动词时为及物动词,意为“使……就座”,与其逻辑主语passengers是被动关系。
题型(二)
1.taking 考查动名词作宾语。spend some time (in) doing sth.为固定结构,意为“花费时间做某事”,因此此处应用动名词作宾语。故填taking。
2.(to) read 考查动词不定式作表语。此处表示具体的动作,应用动词不定式作表语。当主语部分含有动词do的某种形式时,作表语的不定式可省略to。故填(to) read。
类比启发 动词不定式作表语表示具体的、个别的动作或将来的动作;动名词作表语表示一般性行为、抽象概念,具有名词性质。
3.to make 考查不定式作宾语。try to do sth.尽力做某事。
4.listening 考查动名词作宾语。enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事。
5.tired 考查过去分词作表语。空前的feel为系动词,由语境可知空处表示“(感到)疲惫的”,应用过去分词作feel的表语。故填tired。
6.preparing 考查动名词作主语。分析句子结构可知,句中but连接两个并列分句。在but后的分句中,is前面的部分作主语;此处表示一种经常性的、泛指的行为,应用动名词作主语,故填preparing。
能力提升练
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的土楼建筑,介绍了其建造特点、功能等。
1.C 细节理解题。根据第一段中“The structures were awarded because they are exceptional examples of a building of tradition and function”可知,土楼是具有传统和功能的杰出建筑。故选C。
2.B 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“With sufficient food, the residents could survive in the event of a lengthy conflict.”可知,在长期的冲突中,对居民来说最重要的是有足够的食物。故选B。
3.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Tulou is such a superb piece of architecture, living up to the title given by UNESCO.”可知,作者对土楼的评价是肯定的,因此作者对土楼保护的态度可能是支持的。favorable支持的,赞同的;unclear不确定的;negative消极的;unconcerned不关心的。故选A。
4.D 主旨大意题。文章在第一段中对土楼进行整体介绍“they are exceptional examples of a building of tradition and function...an outstanding example of the human settlement(它们是传统和功能建筑的杰出典范,展示了一种特殊类型的集体生活和防御性组织,而且就其与环境的和谐关系而言,它们是人类定居点的杰出典范)”,接下来文章介绍了土楼的建造特点、功能等。由此可知,D选项“土楼:中国特色的居住与防御相结合的建筑”最适合作文章标题。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.award v.授予;奖励 n.奖品,奖金
2.in terms of在……方面,就……而言 3.claim vt.声称
4.serve as充当,起……作用 5.sufficient adj.充足的 6.live up to符合,达到
【差距词汇】 1.harmonize v.使和谐统一,使协调一致
2.lengthy adj.很长的;冗长的
长难句
原句 Constructed from the 15th to 20th centuries, these massive communal homes were sited based on feng shui principles, which claim to use energy forces to harmonize individuals with their environment.
分析 本句为主从复合句。“Constructed from the 15th to 20th centuries”和“based on feng shui principles”为过去分词短语作状语,“which claim to use...environment”为which引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词feng shui principles。
译文 这些巨大的公共住宅建于15世纪至20世纪,根据风水原则选址,风水原则声称利用能量使个人与环境协调一致。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了人们可以从大自然中获取灵感,以便用更环保的方式解决我们所面临的问题。
1.D 过渡句。设空处与上下文构成的语境为:遇到设计问题时可以想象面临类似问题的动植物→ 1 →非洲白蚁巢穴的特点。分析选项可知D项“人口众多的大城市经常被比作蚁群”承上启下,对上文所说的动植物解决类似问题的情况进行举例,同时引出下文对该示例的介绍,符合题意。D项中的ants’呼应下文中的Termites。故选D。
2.F 细节句。空处位于段末,应承接上文。根据上文“津巴布韦哈拉雷的伊斯特盖特中心也采用了类似的设计方法,厚实的悬架遮蔽窗户,所有的办公室都连接到一个大烟囱,让热空气逸出。这使得它在使用更少的空调的同时保持凉爽”可知,这种类似白蚁巢穴的设计适用于处于炎热地带的城市。结合选项可知F项“对于在东南亚的炎热、拥挤的城市来说,这也是一个很好的解决方案”承接上文,继续陈述这种设计的应用,符合题意。F项中的too表明上下文的并列关系。故选F。
3.G 细节句。根据上文“工程师Nakatsu也问了自己同样的问题”推知,空处应指出Nakatsu面临的问题是什么。G项“他的问题是高速行驶的高速列车冲进隧道时产生的压力会产生巨大的噪声”符合题意。G项中的 problem是关键词,与上句中的question对应,故选G。
4.A 细节句。根据下文中的“On the other hand”推知,空处内容与下文形成对照,下文“plastic packaging creates a lot of waste and pollution”说的是破坏环境的情况,则推知空处陈述环保的一方面。A项“在自然界,一切都是循环使用的”符合题意。故选A。
5.B 主旨句。根据下文“Nakatsu担心现在的孩子没有机会接触和感受大自然。他建议大学里的学生应该学习不止一个狭窄的领域,这样他们就不会只有一种固定的思维方式”可知,Nakatsu建议孩子们多接触大自然,这样就可以熟悉大自然,并从中学习一些解决问题的方法。B项“要模仿大自然,我们必须熟悉它”符合本段主旨。B项中的nature在下文中复现。故选B。
【高频词汇】 1.handle v.处理 2.alternative adj.可供替代的
【熟词生义】 escape v.漏出;泄漏
【差距词汇】 1.abrupt adj.突然的,意外的 2.pierce v.穿过;刺破;穿透
长难句
原句 He advises that students in university should study more than one narrow field so that they do not just have one fixed way of thinking.
分析 本句是主从复合句。advises后是that引导的宾语从句,其中so that引导结果状语从句。
译文 他建议大学里的学生应该学习不止一个狭窄的领域,这样他们就不会只有一种固定的思维方式。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述作者家里养了一只鹦鹉,鹦鹉被作者的家人剪掉翅膀以后无法真正接触外界,而作者与鹦鹉类似,父母的溺爱让他无法真正地成长,无法独立,以此教育劝诫父母要正确地爱孩子,不要过度保护。
1.D 根据下文“that they trimmed (剪掉) its wings”可知作者的家人剪了鹦鹉的翅膀,这样它就不会飞走了,所以作者的家人应该是占有欲强的(possessive)。primitive原始的;extensive广阔的,大量的;aggressive有侵略性的。
2.A 根据上文可知鹦鹉被剪掉了翅膀,所以说离开作者家它就不能生存(survive)。escape逃跑;appear出现;change改变。
3.B 根据上文“Mitthu wasn’t kept in a cage.”可知鹦鹉没有被关进笼子里,所以作者想知道它为什么不飞走(fly away)。come around苏醒;come back回来;take shape成形。
4.D “ 4 the harsh reality of life”与上文“leave the luxurious life”并列,指不愿面对(face)生活的残酷现实。ignore忽视;represent代表;shift转移。
5.A 根据下文“I was pampered(溺爱) and 6 carefully.”可知随着年龄的增长,作者意识到(realized)自己的情况和Mitthu差不多。expect期盼;dismiss解雇;convince使相信。
6.C 根据上文“I was pampered(溺爱)”可知作者被溺爱和细心地照顾(tended)着。evaluate评估;educate教育;expose暴露。
7.D 上文提到作者意识到Mitthu的生活和自己的没什么不同,Mitthu无法接触外面的世界,而作者被禁止与外界真正相处(getting along with)。keep up with跟上;come down to主要涉及;break away from摆脱;get along with与……和睦相处。
8.B 根据上文“Mitthu’s life wasn’t very different from mine”可知作者和Mitthu一样被困在一个看不见的笼子(cage)里。branch树枝;light光;cave洞穴。
9.C 根据下文“I am afraid of flying. I am afraid my behavior might hurt my parents’ feelings.”可知,此处应表达负面的情绪。rarely罕见地;gradually逐渐地;sadly悲伤地;violently暴力地。故选C。
10.A 根据上下文语境和“in a similar situation”可知作者和Mitthu有着同样的境遇,所以应该是为相似的环境所困(trapped)。freeze冻僵;hatch孵出;store储存。
11.D 句意:这些情感和依恋永远不会真正让我们独自飞翔!strength力量;fulfilment满足(感);commitment承诺;attachment依恋。故选D。
12.C 根据上文“love”和下文“over protectiveness”可知此处应选protect“保护”。adopt领养;attain获得;entertain娱乐。
13.A 根据上文“over protectiveness from parents might harm their children’s future”可知父母的过度保护可能会伤害孩子的未来,影响(influence)孩子的决定。support支持;forecast预测;comprise包含。
14.B 句意:真正的爱是让孩子自由成长,让他们尝试不同的事物。harmony和谐;love爱;freedom自由;equality平等。故选B。
15.B 根据上文“True 14 is to allow kids to grow freely”可知真正的爱是让孩子自由成长,所以应该允许孩子尝试不同的(different)事物,而不是不与外界接触。humble谦逊的;unique独特的;intense强烈的。
【高频词汇】 1.be attached to依恋;爱慕 2.prohibit vt.禁止,阻止 3.invisible adj.看不见的;隐形的
【差距词汇】 1.luxurious adj.十分舒适的;奢侈的
2.brim with充溢;充满
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