2024外研版高中英语选择性必修第三册同步练习--Unit 5—Unit 6阶段检测（含答案与解析）
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| 名称 | 2024外研版高中英语选择性必修第三册同步练习--Unit 5—Unit 6阶段检测（含答案与解析） |  | |
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| 版本资源 | 外研版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-11-13 22:46:09 | ||
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2024外研版高中英语选择性必修第三册同步
Unit 5—Unit 6
全卷满分120分 考试用时100分钟
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
With holiday greenery, colorful lights, and outdoor fun like ice skating, winter can be a magical season. Whether looking forward to skiing or snowboarding or hoping to escape to warmer climates, you can have a good choice among the top East Coast winter destinations we recommend here.
Stowe, Vermont
Head to the town, known as the Ski Capital of the East, for skiing and other winter activities. You can also choose a car ride to the peak before dining on typical American foods. Take a break and enjoy sweet treats or beer produced here. Need a souvenir Stop into Stowe Maple Products for it.
Kennebunkport, Maine
It is perfect for a romantic or adventure packed weekend trip. In December, the town hosts an 11 day Christmas Pre celebration, complete with a fantastic holiday tree. You can visit the Portland Museum of Art.
Miami, Florida
Looking for an urban beach trip Head to Miami, where the weather is warm and the city offers everything from sandy beaches, eye popping architecture to the national park. You can hike or walk through mangroves (红树林) to spot local wildlife like seals and dolphins.
Lake Placid, New York
As the host of the 1932 and 1980 Olympic Winter Games, this classical village is still a center for winter sports. There are photographs and medals from the city’s games. Enjoy dinner with a view of the lake at the Top of the Park, which serves small plates as well as main dishes.
After making your choice, please click here to fill in the form and we’ll offer you the best plan for your dreamy holiday.
1.Which destination shows a festival atmosphere in December
A.Stowe, Vermont.
B.Kennebunkport, Maine.
C.Miami, Florida.
D.Lake Placid, New York.
2.Who will be most probably attracted to Miami
A.Nature lovers.
B.Driving enthusiasts.
C.Skiers.
D.Athletes.
3.What is the special feature of Lake Placid, New York
A.Its classical village.
B.Its dinners with various dishes.
C.Its good view of the lake.
D.Its fame for hosting world games.
B
35 year old Matt Doogue, a nature photographer, has found himself on the right way and his work is now featured in National Geographic. However, things were different nine years ago when he was suffering from depression. “In the beginning, I was so paranoid (多疑的) and angry that I couldn’t leave the house,” says Doogue. “When I attempted to end my life, I knew I needed to see doctors and get treatment, but I knew that I needed something more.” And that’s when he first found his passion for taking pictures of insects.
Now, Doogue found that looking at insects through a camera helped him in ways he could never have imagined and it proved to be the lifeline he needed. It had a “calming effect” that helped him to “disconnect” from stress; and his astonishing images, showing insects and spiders in amazing detail against brightly colored backgrounds, caught the eye of publishers at National Geographic. “I ended up as one of their featured photographers,” recalled Doogue. “It was the peak of my career. It was incredible.”
Originally from Salford, Greater Manchester, he now lives in Armadale, West Lothian, Scotland. Though he fears that Scotland is in the middle of an “epidemic” of male suicide (自杀), he believes that sharing his love of nature photography can help others to cope with their mental health issues as well. “I think the problem is this ‘man up’ approach and the idea that men need to be strong puts so much pressure on young males to be fine all the time, which pushes men to the gloomy side,” says Doogue. “This is why I try to be so open about my own experience. Whenever I am out with my camera, I don’t think about my other worries. It is just me and the environment around me. You can lose yourself in a spider making its web.”
4.What is the first paragraph mainly about
A.Why Doogue became depressed.
B.How serious his depression was.
C.How Doogue fell into depression.
D.Why Doogue took up photography.
5.How did photography help Doogue
A.It equipped him with life saving skills.
B.It helped him to get away from pressure.
C.It brought him a new job offer.
D.It enhanced his love for nature.
6.What does the underlined word“gloomy” in Paragraph 3 mean
A.Energetic.
B.Hardworking.
C.Curious.
D.Negative.
7.What is the author’s intention in writing this passage
A.To describe the seriousness of mental problems.
B.To introduce the benefits of nature photography.
C.To share Doogue’s experience of beating depression.
D.To encourage the readers to become nature photographers.
C
“Lions and leopards, in particular, are ambush predators (食肉动物). They often rely on the surprise to take down their prey,” says University of New South Wales conservation biologist Neil Jordan. “Farm animal losses can do serious damage to some farmers, and their killing of predators in response to that is a major cause of population decrease in the ambush predators.”
But what if there were a simple thing farmers could do to cut their losses “The idea came about of painting eyes on the backsides of cows to trick lions and leopards into thinking they’ve been seen by their would be prey. And once seen, they often abandon the hunt.”
Nature inspired this visionary solution. Probably the most famous example is on butterflies. They have eyespots in their wings, and these prevent predators such as birds from attacking them. Even humans are affected by eyespots: one study found that people are less likely to steal bikes when an image of watchful eyes is on display near bike racks.
But despite their usefulness, eyespots don’t occur naturally in mammals. To make up for this, the scientists/cow butt artists got to work. “I can guarantee the cows didn’t enjoy the experience. I mean, it didn’t hurt them at all, but gathering those cows up in the morning for their artificial eye treatment probably wasn’t the most exciting thing for them.”
Over the four year experiment, the researchers found that ambush predators killed none of the hundreds of cows with eyespots on their backside. But the study also showed that, while less effective, simply painting cross marks on the cows also works. So perhaps any kind of novel marking can frighten a hunting predator. Farmers can potentially paint their cattle with artificial eyespots or cross marks. But we recommend the eyespots because that was the best result. A little artistic license could go a long way to safeguard both farm animals and predators at risk of extinction.
8.What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 1 refer to
A.The killing of predators.
B.The population decrease.
C.The damage to the farmers.
D.The surprise to attack cows.
9.What is the example of butterflies in Paragraph 3 intended to prove
A.Why birds avoid the insects with eyespots.
B.Why the bikes with watchful eyes are safer.
C.Eyespots came from the adaptation to nature.
D.Scientists got the inspiration from nature.
10.What can we learn about artificial eye treatment from the last paragraph
A.It leads to the extinction of predators.
B.Only time will tell whether it works or not.
C.Cross marks could work much better than eyespots.
D.It would be a win win situation for farm animals and predators.
11.What is the best title for the text
A.Farmers mark their cattle with eyespots
B.Cows with eye images keep off predators
C.Cows enjoy having artificial eye treatment
D.Farmers kill predators to protect their animals
D
There are many interconnected links between Earth and space exploration. The Earth and Space Foundation (基金会) was founded for the purpose of developing such links by field research and direct practical action.
Projects that have been supported by the Foundation include environmental projects using technologies of space exploration: satellite communications, GPS, remote sensing, advanced materials and power sources. For example, the people of Guatemala are faced with the loss of the forests on which their livelihood depends. Rather than opposing economic progress and trying to save the forests on their own strength, one new approach is to improve the value of the forests. The Foundation has previously given a fund to a group of explorers that used remote sensing to plan eco tourism routes in the forests of Guatemala, thus bringing income to the local populations through tourism. This novel approach is now making the protection of the forests a reasonable economic decision.
The Foundation funds many archaeological (考古学的) field projects, which reflect the contributions of the early civilization to astronomy (天文学) and space sciences. The Foundation helped fund a large archaeology project by the Society for Syrian Archaeology at the University of California, Los Angeles. It worked with the Syrian government and used GPS and satellite imagery to locate banks of earth containing treasures and relics of ancient civilizations. These collections are being used to build a better picture of the nature of the civilizations that gave birth to astronomy.
Field research also applies the Earth’s environmental and biological resources to the human exploration and settlement of space. This may include the use of remote environments on Earth, as well as physiological and psychological studies in harsh environments. In one research project, the Foundation gave financial support to an international caving expedition to study the psychology of explorers in caves in Mexico for a period of time. The results of the tests were used by the NASA’s Johnson Space Center to improve US astronaut selection standard. Besides, a Mars like programme has been launched in one area in the Arctic, whose environment is similar to the Mars’, to test communications and exploration technologies in preparation for the human exploration of Mars.
12.What do we know about the novel approach in the Guatemala project
A.It opposed the development of the economy.
B.It reduced the impact of tourists on the forests.
C.It showed that preserving the forests can be profitable.
D.It gave the Foundation greater control over the forests.
13.Why were GPS and satellite imagery used in the Syrian project
A.To explore land that is hard to reach.
B.To find ancient items buried under the earth.
C.To limit the impact of archaeological activity.
D.To rebuild the picture of all the civilizations.
14.What can we infer from the last paragraph
A.The space environment is as tough as the environment on Earth.
B.It is unlikely to test the technologies needed to explore Mars on Earth.
C.Space like environments on Earth may help us understand how to operate in space.
D.The length of time in caves certainly leads to the best astronaut selection standard.
15.What is the writer’s purpose in the passage
A.To introduce the function of the Foundation.
B.To encourage people to explore space.
C.To persuade people to study the caves.
D.To show the importance of space exploration.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Keeping curious kids from disrupting wildlife
Interacting with the wild, naturally curious kids tend to collect seashells at the beach or keep small wildlife as pets. 16 So how to help kids protect the wild while enjoying spending time outside Here are alternatives for some of the most common outdoor behavior no nos.
Take an interest, not things. Kids show interest in picking flowers, rocks, or shells outdoors. They’re part of wildlife’s habitat and play an important role. 17 Let kids explore with a magnifying glass(放大镜) instead of their curious fingers. Let whatever they find outside stay outside.
18 It seems a fun idea to throw pieces of bread to ducks. Animals have unique dietary needs that are different from humans. Eating human food can make them sick or become dependent on human food. Bears are an example of animals that often have to be killed after developing a taste for human food.
Admire animals afar, and don’t disrupt them nearby. The urge to take a photo with a squirrel, bird, or slow moving turtle can be strong for kids. 19 Instead, remind kids to stay away and show them how to use a camera’s zoom button, or just admire them with their eyes.
Take well worn paths, not off road play. Kicking piles of leaves, stepping on bushes, and walking through forested areas can unintentionally scare wildlife. If surprised animals defend their homes, everyone could get hurt. Nobody likes having a guest come in and destroy their homes and act rudely. 20
A.Keep snacks away from animals.
B.Share food if animals are hungry.
C.Exposure to them develops kids’ love and curiosity.
D.The same rule applies to visiting wildlife in their homes.
E.Animals rely on plants for hiding and rocks and shells for homes.
F.Approaching animals disrupts what they do for survival, such as eating.
G.Despite innocent purposes, kids’ curiosity accidentally damages the wild.
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
One day, Ruslan was fishing with his friends when they noticed something wrong. A mother bear was swimming confidently toward an island but her cubs (幼崽) were 21 in the lake. Ruslan and his friends could 22 believe what was happening.
As the mother bear 23 to head straight for the shore, leaving the cubs drowning in water, Ruslan felt he should do something to help them. However, Ruslan’s boat did not turn for them, in 24 of the mother bear turning around and 25 them, until she was out of sight. When they were still wondering how to save the cubs, or if it was even safe to do so, the cubs made their first 26 and swam toward them.
When the cubs grasped the boat and tended to 27 in, they couldn’t get strong enough grasps so they kept slipping. 28 , Ruslan figured that he could use the fishing net, with the help of which the cubs were finally into the 29 . The men were 30 that the cubs would attack them, but it was obvious that they were too 31 to do anything but lie down.
Though the mother never 32 to save the cubs, for their survival and the safety of the men, they 33 moved the cubs to the edge of the forest and then sailed away. Their heroic deed was later 34 spread. When asked why they took such a 35 , Ruslan said, “It was dangerous, of course. But they are living creatures, just like us.”
21.A.struggling B.playing C.jumping D.flying
22.A.firmly B.hardly C.almost D.always
23.A.forgot B.stopped C.began D.continued
24.A.face B.front C.fear D.place
25.A.following B.attacking C.helping D.watching
26.A.move B.cry C.answer D.change
27.A.walk B.run C.climb D.rush
28.A.Strangely B.Usually C.Particularly D.Immediately
29.A.boat B.net C.water D.forest
30.A.disappointed B.worried C.angry D.sad
31.A.satisfied B.excited C.tired D.surprised
32.A.returned B.asked C.hoped D.refused
33.A.slowly B.proudly C.carefully D.curiously
34.A.secretly B.suddenly C.quietly D.widely
35.A.turn B.risk C.rest D.look
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The size of fish in the ocean is shrinking. A new report from Canada states that the size of fish may shrink by as much as a quarter in the coming decades, which mainly 36 (result) from global warming. The research team conducted tests on the effect of 37 (rise) ocean temperatures on the size and number of over 600 species of fish. They concluded that most fish are likely to shrink by 14-24 percent by the year 2050. The biggest changes 38 (see) clearly in tropical regions. There is 39 (little) oxygen in warmer waters so fish cannot grow normally and many will migrate to cooler waters.
Lead researcher Professor William said, “We were surprised to see such a large decrease in the size of fish. Marine fish are generally known to respond 40 climate change by changing 41 (distribute) and seasonality. But the unexpectedly big effect 42 climate change could have on body size suggests that we may be missing a big piece of the puzzle of understanding climate change effects on the ocean.” He added that overfishing and pollution will worsen the problem. “Our study shows a very 43 (worry) future for the ocean, 44 it is very important to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and develop better fish management policies 45 (adapt) to these changes,” he said.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华,你校环保社(the Green Club)将向附近农场社区发出“Say No to Chemical Fertilizers”的倡议,请你以社长的名义用英语写一封倡议书,主要内容包括:
1.简述倡议内容;
2.阐明倡议理由;
3.号召大家响应。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
On a winter morning, we piled into our car and headed out to the county kennel (养狗场). We were going to get a dog. I pressed my nose against the car window and wondered what he would be like. Would he shake hands, roll over and run after little animals in the woods Each passing fence post drew me nearer to my dream dog.
As our family walked into the kennel, among the chaos and noise, silence caught my eye. He was sitting quietly and confidently in a corner cage. When I approached, he lifted one of his feet between the bars, and I touched it carefully. A handwritten sign at the top of his cage read, “Sheepdog (牧羊犬)”. Ten minutes later, he was sitting in the back seat of our car.
“His name is Fritz,” my mother announced that night as we put a dog collar around his neck with our phone number and his name on it. Fritz adjusted quickly to life in his new home. Whenever guests arrived, he would run out to greet them. When we took our afternoon walks, he was a cheerful companion. The highlight of his day was when I came back, racing through the front door after school. He would slide through the entryway and then jump into my arms as if he had just won a great prize.
One Friday afternoon, my father declared that we were going out for the night. Each year we took a journey across the mountains to his hometown of Knoxville, Tennessee, for a day of sightseeing. As we loaded up the car, my father told me that the hotel where we would be staying did not allow dogs in. Therefore, Fritz wouldn’t going with us.
As our car pulled away, Fritz watched from the edge of the yard with his tail waving quickly, as if to say, “Why are you leaving me alone ” Anyway, we set out. The next day when we came back home, it was already 6 pm.
注意:续写词数应为 150 左右。
Paragraph 1:
Night fell, but there was no sign of Fritz.
Paragraph 2:
Two weeks later, a call from a man brought us the great news.
Unit 5—Unit 6
1.B 2.A 3.D 4.D 5.B 6.D 7.C
8.C 9.D 10.D 11.B 12.C 13.B 14.C
15.A 16.G 17.E 18.A 19.F 20.D 21.A
22.B 23.D 24.C 25.B 26.A 27.C 28.D
29.A 30.B 31.C 32.A 33.C 34.D 35.B
36.results 37.rising 38.will be seen 39.less 40.to 41.distribution 42.that/which 43.worrying 44.so 45.to adapt
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A
◎语篇解读 这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了几个冬季旅行目的地的基本情况。
1.B 细节理解题。根据Kennebunkport, Maine部分中的“In December, the town hosts...a fantastic holiday tree.”可知,在缅因州的肯纳邦克波特,12月有圣诞节前庆祝活动,并配有奇妙的圣诞树,有节日气氛。故选B。
2.A 推理判断题。根据Miami, Florida部分中的“You can hike...seals and dolphins.”可知,在迈阿密可以看到植物和野生动物,可以享受自然风光,所以自然爱好者很可能会被迈阿密吸引。故选A。
3.D 细节理解题。根据Lake Placid, New York部分中的“As the host of the 1932...the city’s games.”可知,纽约州的普莱西德湖因主办冬奥会而闻名。故选D。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了35岁的Matt Doogue发现自己对给昆虫拍照感兴趣,并且最终成了一名《国家地理》的自然摄影师,从而使自己摆脱了抑郁症。
4.D 主旨大意题。文章第一段的第一句对Matt Doogue的基本情况进行了简要介绍;接下来讲了Matt Doogue九年前的情况,他曾经患有抑郁症,想要结束自己的生命,但他意识到他需要改变;第一段的最后一句提到他找到了他的兴趣,即给昆虫拍照。由此可知第一段主要讲的是Doogue是如何与摄影结缘的,即Doogue为什么开始摄影。故选D。
5.B 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“It had a ‘calming effect’ that helped him to ‘disconnect’ from stress”可知,摄影帮助Doogue摆脱了压力。故选B。
6.D 词义猜测题。根据第三段画线词所在句中的“the idea that...which pushes men to the gloomy side”可知“男人需要强大”的想法给年轻男性带来了很大压力,“which...gloomy side”是which引导的定语从句,修饰前边讲的这件事,则此处是说前边讲的这件事把男人推向……的一面;结合前文提到的男性自杀的“流行病”和Matt Doogue曾患抑郁症的事实推断这个定语从句的意思是:这就把男人推向了忧郁的一面。由此可知画线词在此处意为“忧郁的,悲观的”,则D项(消极的,悲观的)符合题意。故选D。A.精力充沛的,积极的;B.努力的;C.好奇的。
7.C 推理判断题。通读全文可知作者写这篇文章的意图是分享Doogue战胜抑郁症的经历。故选C。
C
◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。食肉动物捕食农场动物对农场主造成严重损害,农场主因此对食肉动物的猎杀又导致了食肉动物的濒危。科学家提出了一个简单而实用的方法来解决这个问题:在牛屁股上画上眼睛,这样可以吓走食肉动物。
8.C 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句中的“Farm animal losses can do serious damage to some farmers”和“their killing of predators in response to that”可知农场动物的损失给农场主造成了严重损害,农场主因此而捕杀食肉动物,即农场主因为这些损害而捕杀食肉动物。由此可知画线的“that”指的是对农场主的损害。故选C。
9.D 推理判断题。根据第三段第一、二句可知,第三段中蝴蝶的例子旨在证明科学家从大自然中获得了这个灵感。故选D。
10.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知,艺术上的一点自由发挥,即上文讲到的人工眼睛,可以防止农场动物被吃掉和食肉动物濒临灭绝,由此可知人工眼睛的方法对农场动物和食肉动物来说是双赢的。故选D。
11.B 主旨大意题。综合全文尤其是根据第二段可知,文章主要是讲在牛屁股上画眼睛能够赶走食肉动物。故选B。
D
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍地球与太空基金会的作用。
12.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The Foundation has previously...This novel approach is now making the protection of the forests a reasonable economic decision.”可知,危地马拉项目的新方法可以在保护森林的同时给当地人口带来收入,这表明保护森林也可以盈利。故选C。
13.B 细节理解题。根据第三段中“It worked with the Syrian government...containing treasures and relics of ancient civilizations.”可知,叙利亚项目中使用GPS和卫星图像来寻找埋藏在地下的古代物品。故选B。
14.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Besides, a Mars like programme...the human exploration of Mars.”可推知,地球上类似太空的环境可能有助于我们了解如何在太空中操作。故选C。
15.A 推理判断题。通读全文,结合文章第一段“There are many interconnected links...direct practical action.”、第二段中的“Projects that have been supported...power sources.”和第三段中的“The Foundation funds...space sciences.”可推知,这篇文章主要介绍了地球与太空基金会的作用。故选A。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了怎样帮助孩子们在享受户外时光的同时保护自然环境。
16.G 过渡句。空前句“Interacting with the wild, naturally curious...as pets.”说明孩子们喜欢与野生动物互动,G项“尽管目的单纯,但孩子们的好奇心意外地破坏了野生环境。”承接上文,提出孩子在和野生动物互动的过程中可能会意外地破坏野生环境的问题,引出下文“So how to help kids protect the wild while enjoying spending time outside ”。G项中的“curiosity”呼应空前句中的“curious”。
17.E 细节句。上文“Kids show interest in...play an important role.”说明孩子们所感兴趣的东西正是野生动物栖息地的一部分,那些东西起着重要作用,E项“动物依靠植物来躲藏,依靠岩石和贝壳作为家园。”承接上文,具体说明这些东西的作用。E项中的“plants”以及“rocks and shells”和上文中的“flowers, rocks, or shells”语义相关。
18.A 主旨句。下文“Animals have unique dietary needs...on human food.”提到动物有不同于人类的独特饮食需求,食用人类食物会使它们生病或变得依赖人类食物。因此向动物投送零食是不正确的行为。A项“保持零食远离动物。”概括本段主题,说明不要向动物投送零食。A项中的“snacks”和下文中“pieces of bread”“dietary needs”以及“food”语义相关。
19.F 过渡句。本段首句“Admire animals afar, and don’t disrupt them nearby.”说明本段主题是不要靠近动物。F项“靠近动物会扰乱它们为生存所做的事情,比如吃东西。”符合本段主题,具体解释靠近动物对动物的生存的影响,引出下文“Instead, remind kids to stay away”,说明孩子要离动物远些。F项中的“disrupts”和上文主题句中“disrupt”语义一致,F项中的“Approaching”和下文中的“stay away”语义相对。
20.D 细节句。上文“Nobody likes having a guest come in and destroy their homes and act rudely.”说谁也不喜欢有人闯进家来,破坏居住环境,且行为粗鲁,D项“同样的规则也适用于探访野生动物的家园。”承接上文,符合语境。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Ruslan和他的朋友们救助溺水的幼熊的故事。
21.A 根据but及下文“leaving the cubs drowning in water”可知,此处指母熊信心满满地游向岛屿,而幼崽却在水中挣扎。故选A。
22.B 根据上文内容可知,母熊游向岛屿,幼崽却在水中挣扎,这让Ruslan和他的朋友们几乎不敢相信眼前这一幕。故选B。
23.D 句意:当母熊继续径直向岸边游去,留幼崽们溺在水中时,Ruslan认为他应该做点什么来帮助它们。上文说到母熊游向岛屿,根据下文“leaving the cubs drowning in water”可知,这里说Ruslan看见母熊继续游向岛屿,留幼崽溺在水中。故选D。
24.C 根据语境及空后“the mother bear turning around”可知,Ruslan的船没有掉头转向幼崽,害怕母熊转身攻击他们。in fear of害怕。
25.B 根据语境可知,Ruslan的船没有转向它们,因为害怕母熊转过身来攻击他们,直到母熊消失在视线之外。故选B。
26.A 句意:当他们还在考虑如何拯救幼崽,或者这样做是否安全时,幼崽们先动了,游向了他们。根据下文“swam toward them”可知,幼崽们先动了,向他们游过来了。made their first move相当于they moved first。
27.C 句意:当幼崽们紧紧抓住小船,想要爬进去时,它们抓得不够牢,所以不断滑落。结合语境可知,幼崽在水里,只能爬进船里。故选C。
28.D 句意:Ruslan立刻想到他可以使用渔网,在渔网的帮助下,幼崽们最终上了船。根据上文可知,幼崽们抓不牢小船,Ruslan马上想到用渔网。故选D。
29.A 根据上文“When the cubs grasped the boat”及下文幼崽们在船上躺下可知,此处指最后幼崽们上了船。故选A。
30.B 根据下文“the cubs would attack them”可知,此处指男人们担心幼崽们会攻击他们。故选B。
31.C 根据上文可知,幼崽们在水里挣扎了很久,已经筋疲力尽了,无力攻击,只能躺下。故选C。
32.A 根据上文内容可知,母熊游走了,没有回来救幼崽。故选A。
33.C 句意:尽管母熊再也没有回来救幼崽,但为了它们的生存和男人们的安全,他们小心翼翼地把幼崽移到森林的边缘,然后乘船离开了。结合语境可知,出于安全考虑,Ruslan和朋友们应是小心翼翼地把幼崽送到森林边上。故选C。
34.D 根据语境及下文“When asked why they took such a 35 ”可知,他们救助幼崽的行为广为传播。故选D。
35.B 根据上文“The men were 30 that the cubs would attack them”及下文“It was dangerous, of course.”可知,救助幼崽是冒险的行为。故选B。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。加拿大的一份新报告指出,全球变暖会缩减鱼类的体积。
36.results 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:一份来自加拿大的新报告表明,未来几十年内,鱼类的体积可能会缩减多达四分之一,造成这种情况的主要原因是全球变暖。“which mainly 36 (result)from global warming”是非限制性定语从句,修饰整个主句,设空处是该定语从句的谓语,此处描述一般事实,所以时态是一般现在时,关系词which代替整个主句在从句中作主语,因此谓语要用单数形式。
37.rising 考查现在分词。句意:研究团队就上升的海洋温度对600多种鱼类的体积和数量的影响进行了试验。此处应用现在分词作定语修饰ocean temperatures。故填rising。
38.will be seen 考查时态和语态。根据上文的by the year 2050可知此处表示将来的事情,应用一般将来时;The biggest changes与see之间是被动关系,要用被动语态。
39.less 考查比较级。句意:较温暖的水域含氧量较少,因此鱼类无法正常生长,许多鱼会迁移到较凉的水域。根据语境和in warmer waters可知此处要用比较级。故填less。
40.to 考查介词。respond to是固定搭配,意为“对……作出回应”。
41.distribution 考查名词。and连接设空处与seasonality,作changing的并列宾语,设空处应用名词;此处是说海洋鱼类通过改变分布和季节性来回应气候变化,设空处表示“分布”,故填distribution。
42.that/which 考查定语从句。句意:……但气候变化可能对鱼类的身体大小产生出人意料的巨大影响,这表明我们可能在理解气候变化对海洋的影响这一难题中遗漏了一大块。分析句子可知,“ 42 climate change could have”是一个定语从句,修饰先行词big effect,关系词在定语从句中作have的宾语,指物,故填关系代词that或which。
43.worrying 考查形容词。根据名词 future可知此处应用形容词作定语,由语境可知此处意为“令人担忧的”,要用 ing形式结尾的形容词,故填worrying。
44.so 考查连词。根据空前的“Our study shows...the ocean”可知海洋的未来令人担忧,所以应采取空后提到的措施,由此可知空前后是因果关系,故填so。
45.to adapt 考查动词不定式。此处要用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to adapt。
第三部分 写作
第一节
One possible version:
Dear ladies and gentlemen,
Are you passionate about our farm community Then we’d like you to join the campaign of “Say No to Chemical Fertilizers”. That way you’ll help raise people’s awareness of environmental protection.
By motivating people not to use chemical fertilizers, you can create a greener farm community, which will be beneficial to future generations. You don’t need to buy expensive equipment, just changing chemical fertilizers into green fertilizers.
To create a more beautiful and livable community, on behalf of the Green Club, I sincerely appeal to you for your involvement.
The Green Club
第二节
One possible version:
Paragraph 1:
Night fell, but there was no sign of Fritz.We went from neighbor to neighbor, house to house. Each shake of the head drove me to despair. “Please, bring Fritz home safely,” I wished lying in bed that night. But a week passed without him. Each afternoon I would rush out of school and run all the way home to ask if there was any news of Fritz. But when I burst through the door and into the house, I would be greeted only by silence and my mother’s sad smile.
Paragraph 2:
Two weeks later, a call from a man brought us the great news.The man found the hungry and weak Fritz on the street and later got our phone number from the tag on him. Immediately, my father and I were on the way to fetching Fritz. The moment I climbed out of the car, Fritz ran toward me like a wild pig. He slipped and quickly got up and slipped again before he regained his balance and jumped into my arms. I held him tightly as he licked my face.
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2024外研版高中英语选择性必修第三册同步
Unit 5—Unit 6
全卷满分120分 考试用时100分钟
第一部分 阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分,满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
With holiday greenery, colorful lights, and outdoor fun like ice skating, winter can be a magical season. Whether looking forward to skiing or snowboarding or hoping to escape to warmer climates, you can have a good choice among the top East Coast winter destinations we recommend here.
Stowe, Vermont
Head to the town, known as the Ski Capital of the East, for skiing and other winter activities. You can also choose a car ride to the peak before dining on typical American foods. Take a break and enjoy sweet treats or beer produced here. Need a souvenir Stop into Stowe Maple Products for it.
Kennebunkport, Maine
It is perfect for a romantic or adventure packed weekend trip. In December, the town hosts an 11 day Christmas Pre celebration, complete with a fantastic holiday tree. You can visit the Portland Museum of Art.
Miami, Florida
Looking for an urban beach trip Head to Miami, where the weather is warm and the city offers everything from sandy beaches, eye popping architecture to the national park. You can hike or walk through mangroves (红树林) to spot local wildlife like seals and dolphins.
Lake Placid, New York
As the host of the 1932 and 1980 Olympic Winter Games, this classical village is still a center for winter sports. There are photographs and medals from the city’s games. Enjoy dinner with a view of the lake at the Top of the Park, which serves small plates as well as main dishes.
After making your choice, please click here to fill in the form and we’ll offer you the best plan for your dreamy holiday.
1.Which destination shows a festival atmosphere in December
A.Stowe, Vermont.
B.Kennebunkport, Maine.
C.Miami, Florida.
D.Lake Placid, New York.
2.Who will be most probably attracted to Miami
A.Nature lovers.
B.Driving enthusiasts.
C.Skiers.
D.Athletes.
3.What is the special feature of Lake Placid, New York
A.Its classical village.
B.Its dinners with various dishes.
C.Its good view of the lake.
D.Its fame for hosting world games.
B
35 year old Matt Doogue, a nature photographer, has found himself on the right way and his work is now featured in National Geographic. However, things were different nine years ago when he was suffering from depression. “In the beginning, I was so paranoid (多疑的) and angry that I couldn’t leave the house,” says Doogue. “When I attempted to end my life, I knew I needed to see doctors and get treatment, but I knew that I needed something more.” And that’s when he first found his passion for taking pictures of insects.
Now, Doogue found that looking at insects through a camera helped him in ways he could never have imagined and it proved to be the lifeline he needed. It had a “calming effect” that helped him to “disconnect” from stress; and his astonishing images, showing insects and spiders in amazing detail against brightly colored backgrounds, caught the eye of publishers at National Geographic. “I ended up as one of their featured photographers,” recalled Doogue. “It was the peak of my career. It was incredible.”
Originally from Salford, Greater Manchester, he now lives in Armadale, West Lothian, Scotland. Though he fears that Scotland is in the middle of an “epidemic” of male suicide (自杀), he believes that sharing his love of nature photography can help others to cope with their mental health issues as well. “I think the problem is this ‘man up’ approach and the idea that men need to be strong puts so much pressure on young males to be fine all the time, which pushes men to the gloomy side,” says Doogue. “This is why I try to be so open about my own experience. Whenever I am out with my camera, I don’t think about my other worries. It is just me and the environment around me. You can lose yourself in a spider making its web.”
4.What is the first paragraph mainly about
A.Why Doogue became depressed.
B.How serious his depression was.
C.How Doogue fell into depression.
D.Why Doogue took up photography.
5.How did photography help Doogue
A.It equipped him with life saving skills.
B.It helped him to get away from pressure.
C.It brought him a new job offer.
D.It enhanced his love for nature.
6.What does the underlined word“gloomy” in Paragraph 3 mean
A.Energetic.
B.Hardworking.
C.Curious.
D.Negative.
7.What is the author’s intention in writing this passage
A.To describe the seriousness of mental problems.
B.To introduce the benefits of nature photography.
C.To share Doogue’s experience of beating depression.
D.To encourage the readers to become nature photographers.
C
“Lions and leopards, in particular, are ambush predators (食肉动物). They often rely on the surprise to take down their prey,” says University of New South Wales conservation biologist Neil Jordan. “Farm animal losses can do serious damage to some farmers, and their killing of predators in response to that is a major cause of population decrease in the ambush predators.”
But what if there were a simple thing farmers could do to cut their losses “The idea came about of painting eyes on the backsides of cows to trick lions and leopards into thinking they’ve been seen by their would be prey. And once seen, they often abandon the hunt.”
Nature inspired this visionary solution. Probably the most famous example is on butterflies. They have eyespots in their wings, and these prevent predators such as birds from attacking them. Even humans are affected by eyespots: one study found that people are less likely to steal bikes when an image of watchful eyes is on display near bike racks.
But despite their usefulness, eyespots don’t occur naturally in mammals. To make up for this, the scientists/cow butt artists got to work. “I can guarantee the cows didn’t enjoy the experience. I mean, it didn’t hurt them at all, but gathering those cows up in the morning for their artificial eye treatment probably wasn’t the most exciting thing for them.”
Over the four year experiment, the researchers found that ambush predators killed none of the hundreds of cows with eyespots on their backside. But the study also showed that, while less effective, simply painting cross marks on the cows also works. So perhaps any kind of novel marking can frighten a hunting predator. Farmers can potentially paint their cattle with artificial eyespots or cross marks. But we recommend the eyespots because that was the best result. A little artistic license could go a long way to safeguard both farm animals and predators at risk of extinction.
8.What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 1 refer to
A.The killing of predators.
B.The population decrease.
C.The damage to the farmers.
D.The surprise to attack cows.
9.What is the example of butterflies in Paragraph 3 intended to prove
A.Why birds avoid the insects with eyespots.
B.Why the bikes with watchful eyes are safer.
C.Eyespots came from the adaptation to nature.
D.Scientists got the inspiration from nature.
10.What can we learn about artificial eye treatment from the last paragraph
A.It leads to the extinction of predators.
B.Only time will tell whether it works or not.
C.Cross marks could work much better than eyespots.
D.It would be a win win situation for farm animals and predators.
11.What is the best title for the text
A.Farmers mark their cattle with eyespots
B.Cows with eye images keep off predators
C.Cows enjoy having artificial eye treatment
D.Farmers kill predators to protect their animals
D
There are many interconnected links between Earth and space exploration. The Earth and Space Foundation (基金会) was founded for the purpose of developing such links by field research and direct practical action.
Projects that have been supported by the Foundation include environmental projects using technologies of space exploration: satellite communications, GPS, remote sensing, advanced materials and power sources. For example, the people of Guatemala are faced with the loss of the forests on which their livelihood depends. Rather than opposing economic progress and trying to save the forests on their own strength, one new approach is to improve the value of the forests. The Foundation has previously given a fund to a group of explorers that used remote sensing to plan eco tourism routes in the forests of Guatemala, thus bringing income to the local populations through tourism. This novel approach is now making the protection of the forests a reasonable economic decision.
The Foundation funds many archaeological (考古学的) field projects, which reflect the contributions of the early civilization to astronomy (天文学) and space sciences. The Foundation helped fund a large archaeology project by the Society for Syrian Archaeology at the University of California, Los Angeles. It worked with the Syrian government and used GPS and satellite imagery to locate banks of earth containing treasures and relics of ancient civilizations. These collections are being used to build a better picture of the nature of the civilizations that gave birth to astronomy.
Field research also applies the Earth’s environmental and biological resources to the human exploration and settlement of space. This may include the use of remote environments on Earth, as well as physiological and psychological studies in harsh environments. In one research project, the Foundation gave financial support to an international caving expedition to study the psychology of explorers in caves in Mexico for a period of time. The results of the tests were used by the NASA’s Johnson Space Center to improve US astronaut selection standard. Besides, a Mars like programme has been launched in one area in the Arctic, whose environment is similar to the Mars’, to test communications and exploration technologies in preparation for the human exploration of Mars.
12.What do we know about the novel approach in the Guatemala project
A.It opposed the development of the economy.
B.It reduced the impact of tourists on the forests.
C.It showed that preserving the forests can be profitable.
D.It gave the Foundation greater control over the forests.
13.Why were GPS and satellite imagery used in the Syrian project
A.To explore land that is hard to reach.
B.To find ancient items buried under the earth.
C.To limit the impact of archaeological activity.
D.To rebuild the picture of all the civilizations.
14.What can we infer from the last paragraph
A.The space environment is as tough as the environment on Earth.
B.It is unlikely to test the technologies needed to explore Mars on Earth.
C.Space like environments on Earth may help us understand how to operate in space.
D.The length of time in caves certainly leads to the best astronaut selection standard.
15.What is the writer’s purpose in the passage
A.To introduce the function of the Foundation.
B.To encourage people to explore space.
C.To persuade people to study the caves.
D.To show the importance of space exploration.
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分,满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Keeping curious kids from disrupting wildlife
Interacting with the wild, naturally curious kids tend to collect seashells at the beach or keep small wildlife as pets. 16 So how to help kids protect the wild while enjoying spending time outside Here are alternatives for some of the most common outdoor behavior no nos.
Take an interest, not things. Kids show interest in picking flowers, rocks, or shells outdoors. They’re part of wildlife’s habitat and play an important role. 17 Let kids explore with a magnifying glass(放大镜) instead of their curious fingers. Let whatever they find outside stay outside.
18 It seems a fun idea to throw pieces of bread to ducks. Animals have unique dietary needs that are different from humans. Eating human food can make them sick or become dependent on human food. Bears are an example of animals that often have to be killed after developing a taste for human food.
Admire animals afar, and don’t disrupt them nearby. The urge to take a photo with a squirrel, bird, or slow moving turtle can be strong for kids. 19 Instead, remind kids to stay away and show them how to use a camera’s zoom button, or just admire them with their eyes.
Take well worn paths, not off road play. Kicking piles of leaves, stepping on bushes, and walking through forested areas can unintentionally scare wildlife. If surprised animals defend their homes, everyone could get hurt. Nobody likes having a guest come in and destroy their homes and act rudely. 20
A.Keep snacks away from animals.
B.Share food if animals are hungry.
C.Exposure to them develops kids’ love and curiosity.
D.The same rule applies to visiting wildlife in their homes.
E.Animals rely on plants for hiding and rocks and shells for homes.
F.Approaching animals disrupts what they do for survival, such as eating.
G.Despite innocent purposes, kids’ curiosity accidentally damages the wild.
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
第二部分 语言运用(共两节,满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
One day, Ruslan was fishing with his friends when they noticed something wrong. A mother bear was swimming confidently toward an island but her cubs (幼崽) were 21 in the lake. Ruslan and his friends could 22 believe what was happening.
As the mother bear 23 to head straight for the shore, leaving the cubs drowning in water, Ruslan felt he should do something to help them. However, Ruslan’s boat did not turn for them, in 24 of the mother bear turning around and 25 them, until she was out of sight. When they were still wondering how to save the cubs, or if it was even safe to do so, the cubs made their first 26 and swam toward them.
When the cubs grasped the boat and tended to 27 in, they couldn’t get strong enough grasps so they kept slipping. 28 , Ruslan figured that he could use the fishing net, with the help of which the cubs were finally into the 29 . The men were 30 that the cubs would attack them, but it was obvious that they were too 31 to do anything but lie down.
Though the mother never 32 to save the cubs, for their survival and the safety of the men, they 33 moved the cubs to the edge of the forest and then sailed away. Their heroic deed was later 34 spread. When asked why they took such a 35 , Ruslan said, “It was dangerous, of course. But they are living creatures, just like us.”
21.A.struggling B.playing C.jumping D.flying
22.A.firmly B.hardly C.almost D.always
23.A.forgot B.stopped C.began D.continued
24.A.face B.front C.fear D.place
25.A.following B.attacking C.helping D.watching
26.A.move B.cry C.answer D.change
27.A.walk B.run C.climb D.rush
28.A.Strangely B.Usually C.Particularly D.Immediately
29.A.boat B.net C.water D.forest
30.A.disappointed B.worried C.angry D.sad
31.A.satisfied B.excited C.tired D.surprised
32.A.returned B.asked C.hoped D.refused
33.A.slowly B.proudly C.carefully D.curiously
34.A.secretly B.suddenly C.quietly D.widely
35.A.turn B.risk C.rest D.look
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The size of fish in the ocean is shrinking. A new report from Canada states that the size of fish may shrink by as much as a quarter in the coming decades, which mainly 36 (result) from global warming. The research team conducted tests on the effect of 37 (rise) ocean temperatures on the size and number of over 600 species of fish. They concluded that most fish are likely to shrink by 14-24 percent by the year 2050. The biggest changes 38 (see) clearly in tropical regions. There is 39 (little) oxygen in warmer waters so fish cannot grow normally and many will migrate to cooler waters.
Lead researcher Professor William said, “We were surprised to see such a large decrease in the size of fish. Marine fish are generally known to respond 40 climate change by changing 41 (distribute) and seasonality. But the unexpectedly big effect 42 climate change could have on body size suggests that we may be missing a big piece of the puzzle of understanding climate change effects on the ocean.” He added that overfishing and pollution will worsen the problem. “Our study shows a very 43 (worry) future for the ocean, 44 it is very important to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and develop better fish management policies 45 (adapt) to these changes,” he said.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40.
41. 42. 43. 44. 45.
第三部分 写作(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
假定你是李华,你校环保社(the Green Club)将向附近农场社区发出“Say No to Chemical Fertilizers”的倡议,请你以社长的名义用英语写一封倡议书,主要内容包括:
1.简述倡议内容;
2.阐明倡议理由;
3.号召大家响应。
注意:
1.词数80左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
第二节(满分25分)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
On a winter morning, we piled into our car and headed out to the county kennel (养狗场). We were going to get a dog. I pressed my nose against the car window and wondered what he would be like. Would he shake hands, roll over and run after little animals in the woods Each passing fence post drew me nearer to my dream dog.
As our family walked into the kennel, among the chaos and noise, silence caught my eye. He was sitting quietly and confidently in a corner cage. When I approached, he lifted one of his feet between the bars, and I touched it carefully. A handwritten sign at the top of his cage read, “Sheepdog (牧羊犬)”. Ten minutes later, he was sitting in the back seat of our car.
“His name is Fritz,” my mother announced that night as we put a dog collar around his neck with our phone number and his name on it. Fritz adjusted quickly to life in his new home. Whenever guests arrived, he would run out to greet them. When we took our afternoon walks, he was a cheerful companion. The highlight of his day was when I came back, racing through the front door after school. He would slide through the entryway and then jump into my arms as if he had just won a great prize.
One Friday afternoon, my father declared that we were going out for the night. Each year we took a journey across the mountains to his hometown of Knoxville, Tennessee, for a day of sightseeing. As we loaded up the car, my father told me that the hotel where we would be staying did not allow dogs in. Therefore, Fritz wouldn’t going with us.
As our car pulled away, Fritz watched from the edge of the yard with his tail waving quickly, as if to say, “Why are you leaving me alone ” Anyway, we set out. The next day when we came back home, it was already 6 pm.
注意:续写词数应为 150 左右。
Paragraph 1:
Night fell, but there was no sign of Fritz.
Paragraph 2:
Two weeks later, a call from a man brought us the great news.
Unit 5—Unit 6
1.B 2.A 3.D 4.D 5.B 6.D 7.C
8.C 9.D 10.D 11.B 12.C 13.B 14.C
15.A 16.G 17.E 18.A 19.F 20.D 21.A
22.B 23.D 24.C 25.B 26.A 27.C 28.D
29.A 30.B 31.C 32.A 33.C 34.D 35.B
36.results 37.rising 38.will be seen 39.less 40.to 41.distribution 42.that/which 43.worrying 44.so 45.to adapt
第一部分 阅读
第一节
A
◎语篇解读 这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了几个冬季旅行目的地的基本情况。
1.B 细节理解题。根据Kennebunkport, Maine部分中的“In December, the town hosts...a fantastic holiday tree.”可知,在缅因州的肯纳邦克波特,12月有圣诞节前庆祝活动,并配有奇妙的圣诞树,有节日气氛。故选B。
2.A 推理判断题。根据Miami, Florida部分中的“You can hike...seals and dolphins.”可知,在迈阿密可以看到植物和野生动物,可以享受自然风光,所以自然爱好者很可能会被迈阿密吸引。故选A。
3.D 细节理解题。根据Lake Placid, New York部分中的“As the host of the 1932...the city’s games.”可知,纽约州的普莱西德湖因主办冬奥会而闻名。故选D。
B
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了35岁的Matt Doogue发现自己对给昆虫拍照感兴趣,并且最终成了一名《国家地理》的自然摄影师,从而使自己摆脱了抑郁症。
4.D 主旨大意题。文章第一段的第一句对Matt Doogue的基本情况进行了简要介绍;接下来讲了Matt Doogue九年前的情况,他曾经患有抑郁症,想要结束自己的生命,但他意识到他需要改变;第一段的最后一句提到他找到了他的兴趣,即给昆虫拍照。由此可知第一段主要讲的是Doogue是如何与摄影结缘的,即Doogue为什么开始摄影。故选D。
5.B 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“It had a ‘calming effect’ that helped him to ‘disconnect’ from stress”可知,摄影帮助Doogue摆脱了压力。故选B。
6.D 词义猜测题。根据第三段画线词所在句中的“the idea that...which pushes men to the gloomy side”可知“男人需要强大”的想法给年轻男性带来了很大压力,“which...gloomy side”是which引导的定语从句,修饰前边讲的这件事,则此处是说前边讲的这件事把男人推向……的一面;结合前文提到的男性自杀的“流行病”和Matt Doogue曾患抑郁症的事实推断这个定语从句的意思是:这就把男人推向了忧郁的一面。由此可知画线词在此处意为“忧郁的,悲观的”,则D项(消极的,悲观的)符合题意。故选D。A.精力充沛的,积极的;B.努力的;C.好奇的。
7.C 推理判断题。通读全文可知作者写这篇文章的意图是分享Doogue战胜抑郁症的经历。故选C。
C
◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。食肉动物捕食农场动物对农场主造成严重损害,农场主因此对食肉动物的猎杀又导致了食肉动物的濒危。科学家提出了一个简单而实用的方法来解决这个问题:在牛屁股上画上眼睛,这样可以吓走食肉动物。
8.C 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句中的“Farm animal losses can do serious damage to some farmers”和“their killing of predators in response to that”可知农场动物的损失给农场主造成了严重损害,农场主因此而捕杀食肉动物,即农场主因为这些损害而捕杀食肉动物。由此可知画线的“that”指的是对农场主的损害。故选C。
9.D 推理判断题。根据第三段第一、二句可知,第三段中蝴蝶的例子旨在证明科学家从大自然中获得了这个灵感。故选D。
10.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知,艺术上的一点自由发挥,即上文讲到的人工眼睛,可以防止农场动物被吃掉和食肉动物濒临灭绝,由此可知人工眼睛的方法对农场动物和食肉动物来说是双赢的。故选D。
11.B 主旨大意题。综合全文尤其是根据第二段可知,文章主要是讲在牛屁股上画眼睛能够赶走食肉动物。故选B。
D
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍地球与太空基金会的作用。
12.C 细节理解题。根据第二段中“The Foundation has previously...This novel approach is now making the protection of the forests a reasonable economic decision.”可知,危地马拉项目的新方法可以在保护森林的同时给当地人口带来收入,这表明保护森林也可以盈利。故选C。
13.B 细节理解题。根据第三段中“It worked with the Syrian government...containing treasures and relics of ancient civilizations.”可知,叙利亚项目中使用GPS和卫星图像来寻找埋藏在地下的古代物品。故选B。
14.C 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Besides, a Mars like programme...the human exploration of Mars.”可推知,地球上类似太空的环境可能有助于我们了解如何在太空中操作。故选C。
15.A 推理判断题。通读全文,结合文章第一段“There are many interconnected links...direct practical action.”、第二段中的“Projects that have been supported...power sources.”和第三段中的“The Foundation funds...space sciences.”可推知,这篇文章主要介绍了地球与太空基金会的作用。故选A。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了怎样帮助孩子们在享受户外时光的同时保护自然环境。
16.G 过渡句。空前句“Interacting with the wild, naturally curious...as pets.”说明孩子们喜欢与野生动物互动,G项“尽管目的单纯,但孩子们的好奇心意外地破坏了野生环境。”承接上文,提出孩子在和野生动物互动的过程中可能会意外地破坏野生环境的问题,引出下文“So how to help kids protect the wild while enjoying spending time outside ”。G项中的“curiosity”呼应空前句中的“curious”。
17.E 细节句。上文“Kids show interest in...play an important role.”说明孩子们所感兴趣的东西正是野生动物栖息地的一部分,那些东西起着重要作用,E项“动物依靠植物来躲藏,依靠岩石和贝壳作为家园。”承接上文,具体说明这些东西的作用。E项中的“plants”以及“rocks and shells”和上文中的“flowers, rocks, or shells”语义相关。
18.A 主旨句。下文“Animals have unique dietary needs...on human food.”提到动物有不同于人类的独特饮食需求,食用人类食物会使它们生病或变得依赖人类食物。因此向动物投送零食是不正确的行为。A项“保持零食远离动物。”概括本段主题,说明不要向动物投送零食。A项中的“snacks”和下文中“pieces of bread”“dietary needs”以及“food”语义相关。
19.F 过渡句。本段首句“Admire animals afar, and don’t disrupt them nearby.”说明本段主题是不要靠近动物。F项“靠近动物会扰乱它们为生存所做的事情,比如吃东西。”符合本段主题,具体解释靠近动物对动物的生存的影响,引出下文“Instead, remind kids to stay away”,说明孩子要离动物远些。F项中的“disrupts”和上文主题句中“disrupt”语义一致,F项中的“Approaching”和下文中的“stay away”语义相对。
20.D 细节句。上文“Nobody likes having a guest come in and destroy their homes and act rudely.”说谁也不喜欢有人闯进家来,破坏居住环境,且行为粗鲁,D项“同样的规则也适用于探访野生动物的家园。”承接上文,符合语境。
第二部分 语言运用
第一节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Ruslan和他的朋友们救助溺水的幼熊的故事。
21.A 根据but及下文“leaving the cubs drowning in water”可知,此处指母熊信心满满地游向岛屿,而幼崽却在水中挣扎。故选A。
22.B 根据上文内容可知,母熊游向岛屿,幼崽却在水中挣扎,这让Ruslan和他的朋友们几乎不敢相信眼前这一幕。故选B。
23.D 句意:当母熊继续径直向岸边游去,留幼崽们溺在水中时,Ruslan认为他应该做点什么来帮助它们。上文说到母熊游向岛屿,根据下文“leaving the cubs drowning in water”可知,这里说Ruslan看见母熊继续游向岛屿,留幼崽溺在水中。故选D。
24.C 根据语境及空后“the mother bear turning around”可知,Ruslan的船没有掉头转向幼崽,害怕母熊转身攻击他们。in fear of害怕。
25.B 根据语境可知,Ruslan的船没有转向它们,因为害怕母熊转过身来攻击他们,直到母熊消失在视线之外。故选B。
26.A 句意:当他们还在考虑如何拯救幼崽,或者这样做是否安全时,幼崽们先动了,游向了他们。根据下文“swam toward them”可知,幼崽们先动了,向他们游过来了。made their first move相当于they moved first。
27.C 句意:当幼崽们紧紧抓住小船,想要爬进去时,它们抓得不够牢,所以不断滑落。结合语境可知,幼崽在水里,只能爬进船里。故选C。
28.D 句意:Ruslan立刻想到他可以使用渔网,在渔网的帮助下,幼崽们最终上了船。根据上文可知,幼崽们抓不牢小船,Ruslan马上想到用渔网。故选D。
29.A 根据上文“When the cubs grasped the boat”及下文幼崽们在船上躺下可知,此处指最后幼崽们上了船。故选A。
30.B 根据下文“the cubs would attack them”可知,此处指男人们担心幼崽们会攻击他们。故选B。
31.C 根据上文可知,幼崽们在水里挣扎了很久,已经筋疲力尽了,无力攻击,只能躺下。故选C。
32.A 根据上文内容可知,母熊游走了,没有回来救幼崽。故选A。
33.C 句意:尽管母熊再也没有回来救幼崽,但为了它们的生存和男人们的安全,他们小心翼翼地把幼崽移到森林的边缘,然后乘船离开了。结合语境可知,出于安全考虑,Ruslan和朋友们应是小心翼翼地把幼崽送到森林边上。故选C。
34.D 根据语境及下文“When asked why they took such a 35 ”可知,他们救助幼崽的行为广为传播。故选D。
35.B 根据上文“The men were 30 that the cubs would attack them”及下文“It was dangerous, of course.”可知,救助幼崽是冒险的行为。故选B。
第二节
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。加拿大的一份新报告指出,全球变暖会缩减鱼类的体积。
36.results 考查时态和主谓一致。句意:一份来自加拿大的新报告表明,未来几十年内,鱼类的体积可能会缩减多达四分之一,造成这种情况的主要原因是全球变暖。“which mainly 36 (result)from global warming”是非限制性定语从句,修饰整个主句,设空处是该定语从句的谓语,此处描述一般事实,所以时态是一般现在时,关系词which代替整个主句在从句中作主语,因此谓语要用单数形式。
37.rising 考查现在分词。句意:研究团队就上升的海洋温度对600多种鱼类的体积和数量的影响进行了试验。此处应用现在分词作定语修饰ocean temperatures。故填rising。
38.will be seen 考查时态和语态。根据上文的by the year 2050可知此处表示将来的事情,应用一般将来时;The biggest changes与see之间是被动关系,要用被动语态。
39.less 考查比较级。句意:较温暖的水域含氧量较少,因此鱼类无法正常生长,许多鱼会迁移到较凉的水域。根据语境和in warmer waters可知此处要用比较级。故填less。
40.to 考查介词。respond to是固定搭配,意为“对……作出回应”。
41.distribution 考查名词。and连接设空处与seasonality,作changing的并列宾语,设空处应用名词;此处是说海洋鱼类通过改变分布和季节性来回应气候变化,设空处表示“分布”,故填distribution。
42.that/which 考查定语从句。句意:……但气候变化可能对鱼类的身体大小产生出人意料的巨大影响,这表明我们可能在理解气候变化对海洋的影响这一难题中遗漏了一大块。分析句子可知,“ 42 climate change could have”是一个定语从句,修饰先行词big effect,关系词在定语从句中作have的宾语,指物,故填关系代词that或which。
43.worrying 考查形容词。根据名词 future可知此处应用形容词作定语,由语境可知此处意为“令人担忧的”,要用 ing形式结尾的形容词,故填worrying。
44.so 考查连词。根据空前的“Our study shows...the ocean”可知海洋的未来令人担忧,所以应采取空后提到的措施,由此可知空前后是因果关系,故填so。
45.to adapt 考查动词不定式。此处要用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to adapt。
第三部分 写作
第一节
One possible version:
Dear ladies and gentlemen,
Are you passionate about our farm community Then we’d like you to join the campaign of “Say No to Chemical Fertilizers”. That way you’ll help raise people’s awareness of environmental protection.
By motivating people not to use chemical fertilizers, you can create a greener farm community, which will be beneficial to future generations. You don’t need to buy expensive equipment, just changing chemical fertilizers into green fertilizers.
To create a more beautiful and livable community, on behalf of the Green Club, I sincerely appeal to you for your involvement.
The Green Club
第二节
One possible version:
Paragraph 1:
Night fell, but there was no sign of Fritz.We went from neighbor to neighbor, house to house. Each shake of the head drove me to despair. “Please, bring Fritz home safely,” I wished lying in bed that night. But a week passed without him. Each afternoon I would rush out of school and run all the way home to ask if there was any news of Fritz. But when I burst through the door and into the house, I would be greeted only by silence and my mother’s sad smile.
Paragraph 2:
Two weeks later, a call from a man brought us the great news.The man found the hungry and weak Fritz on the street and later got our phone number from the tag on him. Immediately, my father and I were on the way to fetching Fritz. The moment I climbed out of the car, Fritz ran toward me like a wild pig. He slipped and quickly got up and slipped again before he regained his balance and jumped into my arms. I held him tightly as he licked my face.
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