2024外研版高中英语选择性必修第三册同步练习--Unit 5 Part 3 Developing ideas & Presenting ideas（含答案与解析）
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2024外研版高中英语选择性必修第三册同步
Part 3 Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.After the performance, Alice (鞠躬) to the audience and left the stage.
2.To (评估) the price of the old house, Mr Smith asked several questions about its history.
3.Students with high hopes set themselves higher goals and know how to work to (/ te n/) them.
4.The government makes it a top priority to guarantee that all children, whether from urban areas or r areas, have equal access to the nine year compulsory education.
Ⅱ.一词多义
1.I made the choice to withdraw from college to care for my mother.
词性: 词义:
2.He frowned and decided to withdraw his support for our campaign.
词性: 词义:
3.We don’t know how the thief withdrew money from others’ accounts.
词性: 词义:
4.I resigned from the company in order to take a more challenging job.
词性: 词义:
5.Though he failed in all his attempts, he refused to resign himself to his fate.
词性: 词义:
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1.The response of the audience changed from (reject) to acceptance.
2.You’d better keep an eye on the weather in Nanjing before your (depart).
3.She spoke in such a pleasant manner that I felt ease with her.
4.If you have severe (depress) symptoms, you should seek help right away.
5.When I asked Tom whether he had finished his report, he shook his head slowly and (deliberate).
6.White represents (pure) in that culture, which is why a bride wears something white on her wedding day.
7.The drug (withdraw) from sale after a number of people suffered serious side effects.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.欣赏着田野的美景,我们有一种满足感。
Enjoying the beautiful scene of the field, we had .(读后续写—心理描写)
2.如果你每天坚持用英语写日记,你就能轻易提高你的写作技能。(ease)
If you insist on keeping diaries in English every day, you can improve your writing skills .
3.他对讲座很感兴趣,听得津津有味。(such...that...)
He had he listened to it with interest.
4.After he had resigned from the factory, he went to a larger city.(句型转换:非谓语动词)
→ , he went to a larger city.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Although separated in time by nearly 1,500 years, both Tao Yuanming and Henry David Thoreau 1 (share) an intense respect for nature.
Unable to adjust to the life at court, in 405, Tao quit the service of the court for good, 2 (express) his unhappiness in his poems, and he found contentment in the simplicity of rural life and drew pleasure from nature. 3 (similar), Thoreau wanted to live in a simpler way, focusing on 4 (he) and his writing.
While they did not treat nature in quite the same way, their 5 (work) show nature’s beauty and value. Tao’s nature is a place of fields and villages while Thoreau’s descriptions of nature emphasised the beauty and 6 (pure) of the wild areas around him. The calm and peaceful life Tao wrote about is in contrast 7 and critical of the depressive court life while Thoreau’s writing aimed to convince people that animals and plants had a right to live and prosper, 8 we do.
During their times, it took great courage 9 (reject) the easy and familiar life and instead try to live closer to nature. Nowadays, their ideas about living simply and being at ease with nature are still valued by those 10 want personal well being and fulfilment.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
(2023湖北黄冈期中)
Scientists at University College London have discovered sets of regulatory genes, which are responsible for maintaining healthy hearing. The finding, made in fruit flies, could lead to treatments for age related hearing loss (ARHL) in humans.
Globally, one third of people aged over 65 experience hearing loss, and while there are thought to be more than 150 genes that may affect hearing loss, there is no unified (统一的) view on how to use these to develop hearing loss treatments.
In the study, published in Scientific Reports, researchers at the UCL Ear Institute assessed the hearing ability of the common fruit fly across its lifespan (around 70 days) to see if its hearing declines with age.
A fruit fly’s ears share many molecular (分子的) similarities with the ears of humans, making it a superb tool for the study of human hearing loss.
Researchers found that the antennal ears of fruit flies also display ARHL with nearly all sensitive hearing measures starting to decline after 50 days of age. This made the researchers want to know if there were any “age variable” genes in the flies’ inner ears which have kept the ears healthy for 50 days of their lives.
After closer examination, researchers identified a new set of regulatory genes—homeostasis genes. These genes are often responsible for picking up sound and the overall sensitivity of the ear. Using this information, scientists were then able to genetically modify (修改) the genes and prevent the flies from getting ARHL.
Professor Joerg Albert, lead author of the study, said,“While many studies have been conducted into the hearing function of fruit flies, ours is the first to look at the mechanistic and molecular detail of their auditory (听觉的) life course. The fact that these genes are conserved in humans will also help to focus future clinical research on humans and thereby accelerate the discovery of new gene therapeutic strategies.”
1.What did scientists at UCL discover
A.Homeostasis genes maintain one’s ability to hear.
B.There are regulatory genes that are related to aging.
C.Humans have over 150 genes that can affect hearing loss.
D.One third of people aged over 65 have hearing problems.
2.Why were fruit flies used in the research
A.They share many genes with humans.
B.They display ARHL during their lifespan.
C.Their hearing ability also declines with age.
D.Their hearing system is similar to that of humans’.
3.What can we learn from Joerg Albert’s words
A.The reason of the study.
B.The significance of the study.
C.The discovery of new treatments.
D.The future commercial prospects.
4.Which of the following would be the best title for the text
A.Fruit flies: the cause of hearing loss
B.Hearing loss: a common problem for older adults
C.Gene discoveries could lead to hearing loss treatments
D.The body’s ability can be unlocked to treat hearing loss
Ⅲ.七选五
(2022湖南岳阳期末)
People are consumers(消费者). We have to spend large parts of our days finding, buying, cooking and eating our food. Did you ever think it might be nice to be able to make your own food like plants do 1 They perform a process called photosynthesis using light from the sun, water and carbon dioxide. The end result of this chemical reaction is sugar for plants to “eat”. Plants even including algae in the ponds give off water and oxygen.
2 Plants have special structures called chloroplasts(叶绿体) that animals don’t have. These structures are filled with chlorophyll, which gives leafy green plants their green color. Their main job is to absorb light from the sun. Chloroplasts can absorb every color except green. Light makes chlorophyll active. It creates energy that separates water out into hydrogen and oxygen. 3
Hydrogen from the water combines with carbon from the carbon dioxide we breathe out. Oxygen is sent out into the air.
4 Plants rely on the carbon dioxide that we breathe out, and we rely on the oxygen that they “breathe” out. This is one good reason for protecting plant life on Earth. Many plants can produce a constant supply of oxygen for us. We need plants in order to survive.
Conservation(保护) projects around the globe are aimed at protecting our natural resources, including numerous species of plants. 5
A.Plants are producers.
B.Chemical reactions take place.
C.Animals can’t live without water.
D.People and plants make perfect partners.
E.So how do plants do it,and why can’t we
F.There would be too much carbon dioxide in the air.
G.Our quality of life and the fresh air we breathe depend upon our green plant partners.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ⅳ.读后续写
(2021辽宁沈阳期中)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I met DeDe during my second year in high school. She was in a class that helps students with a variety of mental and physical disabilities. I had never communicated with them until my field hockey(曲棍球) coach, who was also their teacher, asked me to help meet DeDe when her bus dropped her off for the basketball game.
On that evening in January, I saw an electric wheelchair with DeDe in it. The first feature I noticed about DeDe was her smile, which was as vibrant (充满活力的) as the sun on a summer day. “I came to pick you up for your first basketball game,” I said. “I’m really excited about that,” she replied enthusiastically.
I had never worked with students with special needs and didn’t know what to expect, but DeDe was calm, and in a full conversation, I could understand 90% of her words. She blew me away with her intelligence and confidence. Soon we became close friends.
One day as I drove to DeDe’s house, I thought about my life. I couldn’t think of any great achievements, yet I had the ability to succeed. DeDe couldn’t go through a normal day of high school, and she didn’t have a regular social life. But she was always joyful and devoted herself to her interest. At that time, I was deeply in love with field hockey, but my mother didn’t allow me to play it in the third year. I didn’t know what to do.
Pulling up in front of her house, I saw DeDe’s grandmother. She called me inside to talk. She said,“DeDe really talks a lot about you and I feel so blessed that you have come into her life. It’s not a complete day if DeDe doesn’t mention you.” I felt so touched. I had never known how much I meant to DeDe before.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1:
So I decided to talk to DeDe directly about my problems.
Paragraph 2:
I thought DeDe was right.
Part 3 Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.bowed 2.evaluate 3.attain 4.rural
Ⅱ.1.动词;(使)退出 句意:为了照顾母亲,我选择了从大学休学。
2.动词;停止提供,不再给予 句意:他皱起眉头,决定停止对我们运动的支持。
3.动词;取(款) 句意:我们不知道那个小偷是怎样从别人的账户里取走钱的。
4.动词;辞职 句意:为了能够接受一个更具有挑战性的工作,我从这家公司辞职了。
5.动词;听任,顺从 句意:尽管他所有的尝试都失败了,他还是拒绝听天由命。
Ⅲ.1.rejection 考查名词。句意:观众的反应从拒绝变为了接受。根据“from...to acceptance”可知设空处与acceptance并列,用名词形式,且由语境可知设空处与acceptance(接受)意思相反,表示“拒绝”,故填rejection。
2.departure 考查名词。句意:在你离开之前,你最好留意南京的天气。根据空前的形容词性物主代词your可知,此处用名词形式。depart的名词形式为departure,意为“离开”。
3.at 考查介词。句意:她说话的方式如此令人愉悦,我和她在一起感到很自在。be/feel at ease with sb.与某人相处感到放松。
4.depressive 考查形容词。句意:如果你有严重的抑郁症状,你应该立即寻求帮助。设空处作定语,修饰空后的名词symptoms,应用形容词;此处表示“抑郁的”,故填depressive。
5.deliberately 考查副词。分析句子结构可知,设空处与slowly并列,作状语修饰shook,因此应用副词形式。
6.purity 考查名词。句意:在那种文化中,白色代表纯洁,这就是为什么新娘在婚礼那天穿戴白色的物品。分析句子结构可知,逗号前为主句,逗号后为which引导的非限制性定语从句。主句主语为White,谓语为represents,空处作谓语动词represents的宾语,应用名词形式。由语境可知设空处表示“纯洁”,故填purity。
7.was withdrawn 考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意:这种药因许多人服用后产生严重的副作用而被停止销售。分析句子结构可知,after之前的部分为主句,“after a number...side effects”为after引导的时间状语从句。根据从句中的谓语动词suffered及语境可知此处表示过去的事情,应用一般过去时。withdraw sth. from sale表示“停止销售(产品或服务)”,此用法在此题中构成“withdraw the drug from sale”,由此可知The drug与withdraw之间为被动关系,应用被动语态。主句主语The drug是第三人称单数形式,故填was withdrawn。
Ⅳ.1.a sense of fulfilment 2.with ease 3.such an interest in the lecture that 4.Having resigned from the factory
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.shared 考查动词的时态。根据本句中的“by nearly 1,500 years”和下一段中的“in 405”可知,陶渊明和亨利·大卫·梭罗所处的时间都属于过去,故用一般过去时。
2.expressing 考查现在分词。分析句子结构可知,句中第一个and连接两个并列分句。在and前的分句中,“Tao quit the service of the court for good”是该分句的主干,“ 2 (express) his unhappiness in his poems”作状语;该分句中已有谓语quit,设空处应用非谓语动词,且该分句的主语Tao与express为逻辑上的主动关系,故用现在分词作状语。
3.Similarly 考查副词。设空处作状语,修饰整个句子,应用副词。similar的副词形式是similarly,在此处意为“同样”。故填Similarly。
4.himself 考查代词。句意:同样,梭罗想过一种更简单的生活,专注于自己和自己的写作。设空处作介词on的宾语,根据空后的“his writing”及语境可知设空处与句子主语Thoreau指的是同一个人,表示“他自己”,故用反身代词himself。
5.works 考查名词复数。句意:虽然他们对待自然的方式不尽相同,但他们的作品表现出了自然的美和价值。分析句子结构可知,“While they did not...same way”为While引导的状语从句,逗号后为主句,设空处作主句的主语,show为主句的谓语。根据空前的their可知设空处应用名词作主语;根据空后的谓语show可知主语应用复数形式。故填works。work在此处为可数名词,意为“作品”。
6.purity 考查名词。句意:……而梭罗对自然的描述强调了他周围荒野的美丽和纯净。设空处与空前的beauty为并列成分,由and连接,再结合beauty前的the和空后的of可知设空处应用名词。pure的名词形式为purity,意为“纯净”,符合语境。
7.to 考查介词。in contrast to是固定搭配,意为“与……形成对比”。
8.as 考查连词。句意:……而梭罗的著作力求使人们相信动物和植物有权利像我们一样生存和健康成长。分析句子结构可知,“ 8 we do”为状语从句,此处表示“像……一样”,故填as。
9.to reject 考查动词不定式。It takes/took...to do sth.为固定句型,意为“做某事花费……”,故填to reject。
10.who 考查定语从句。句意:如今,他们关于简单生活和与自然轻松相处的想法仍然受到那些想要个人幸福和满足的人的重视。“ 10 want personal well being and fulfilment”是定语从句,修饰先行词those,those在此处指“那些人”;关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语,指人,故填who。
易错归因 此题易错填that。当定语从句的先行词是those且指人时,关系词宜用who不宜用that。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了对果蝇听觉系统的研究,该研究可以为治疗人类听力丧失提供策略。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第六段中“After closer examination, researchers identified a new set of regulatory genes—homeostasis genes. These genes are often responsible for picking up sound and the overall sensitivity of the ear.(经过更细致的检查,研究人员发现了一组新的调节基因——稳态基因。这些基因通常负责接收声音和耳朵的整体敏感性。)”可知,伦敦大学学院的科学家发现稳态基因维持一个人的听觉能力。故选A。
易错归因 C项和D项在第二段中有提及,但文中并未说明这是伦敦大学学院科学家的发现,故排除C、D两项;根据第一段中的“Scientists at University College London have discovered sets of regulatory genes, which are responsible for maintaining healthy hearing.”可知,伦敦大学学院的科学家们发现了一组调节基因,这些基因负责保持健康的听力。并未提到这些调节基因与衰老有关。故排除B项。
2.D 推理判断题。根据第四段“A fruit fly’s ears share many molecular(分子的) similarities with the ears of humans, making it a superb tool for the study of human hearing loss.”可知,研究中使用果蝇的原因是它们的听觉系统与人类的相似。故选D。
3.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段Joerg Albert说的话“While many studies have been conducted...gene therapeutic strategies.”可知,Joerg Albert认为研究果蝇是为了给人类提供借鉴,将有助于未来对人类进行研究,加速新的基因治疗策略的发现。因此我们可以从Joerg Albert的话中了解到这项研究的意义。故选B。
4.C 主旨大意题。根据第六段“fter closer examination...from getting ARHL.(经过更细致的检查,研究人员发现了一组新的调节基因——稳态基因。这些基因通常负责接收声音和耳朵的整体敏感性。利用该信息,之后科学家们就能够通过基因修改这些基因,防止苍蝇感染ARHL。)”再结合最后一段中“The fact that...strategies.(这些基因在人类中是保守的这一事实也将有助于将未来的临床研究重点放在人类身上,从而加速发现新的药理学或基因治疗策略。)”可知,科学家研究果蝇是对人类听力损伤治疗有借鉴价值的。由此可知,C项“Gene discoveries could lead to hearing loss treatments(基因发现可能导致听力损失治疗)”适合作本文的最佳标题。故选C。
【高频词汇】 1.maintain vt.维持,保持 2.assess vt.评估 3.decline v.下降 4.similarity n.相似点 5.display vt.表露 (特点、素质、情感);展出,展示 6.identify vt.发现;识别 7.accelerate v.(使)加速,加快
长难句
原句 Globally, one third of people aged over 65 experience hearing loss, and while there are thought to be more than 150 genes that may affect hearing loss, there is no unified (统一的) view on how to use these to develop hearing loss treatments.
分析 本句为and连接的并列复合句。and前的分句为简单句;and后的分句为主从复合句,“while there are...affect hearing loss”为while引导的让步状语从句,该从句中又含有that引导的定语从句“that may affect hearing loss”,修饰先行词genes。
译文 在全球范围内,65岁以上的人群中有三分之一的人经历听力损失,尽管人们认为有超过150种基因可能影响听觉损耗,但对于如何利用这些基因来开发听觉损耗的治疗方法还没有统一的观点。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了人和植物是相互依存的,并阐述了保护植物的重要性。
1.A 细节句。空前提到人是消费者,并提出设想,人如果能像植物一样自己生产自己的食物该多好;空后提到它们用阳光、水和二氧化碳来进行光合作用,这一化学反应的最终结果是产生供植物自己“食用”的糖。空后讲的是与“消费者”对应的“生产者”的活动,再结合选项可知A项“植物是生产者。”符合语境。选项A中的Plants与空后的They对应。故选A。
2.E 过渡句。上一段主要说明了人是消费者而植物是生产者,选项E“那么植物是如何做到的,为什么我们不能呢 ”承接上一段,提出为什么人类和植物不同的问题,同时引出下文对这一问题的解释,空后的“Plants have special structures called chloroplasts(叶绿体) that animals don’t have.(植物有特殊的结构,称为叶绿体,动物没有。)”是原因。故选E。
3.B 细节句。空前提到叶绿素会产生把水分解成氢气和氧气的能量,根据常识可知这是一种化学反应,再结合选项可知B项“化学反应产生了。”符合语境。B项中的“Chemical reactions”与前文中的“separates water out into hydrogen and oxygen”对应。故选B。
4.D 主旨句。设空处位于段首,推测为本段主旨句。下文讲到植物依赖我们呼出的二氧化碳,而我们依赖它们“呼出”的氧气,说明人类和植物之间是相互依存的。结合选项可知选项D“人和植物是完美的伙伴。”能够概括本段主题。故选D。
5.G 细节句。上文讲到世界各地的保护项目旨在保护我们的自然资源,包括许多种类的植物。选项G“我们的生活质量和呼吸的新鲜空气依赖于我们的绿色植物伙伴。”承接上文,是对上文的顺承。G项中的“our green plant partners”与上文中的“species of plants”对应。故选G。
【高频词汇】 1.chemical reaction 化学反应 2.give off 发出,放出 3.absorb v.吸收,理解 4.combine with与……结合 5.rely on依赖,依靠 6.a supply of 供应
7.constant adj.持续不断的,经常发生的 8.survive v.生存;幸存 9.be aimed at旨在…… 10.numerous adj.众多的,许多的
Ⅳ.
写作指导
情节线 情感线
Time during the author’s high school impressive, surprised confused grateful
Character the author,DeDe, the author’s mother, DeDe’s grandmother, the author’s field hockey coach
What The author’s mother didn’t allow the author to play field hockey in his third year in high school.
Beginning 引出文章话题——两人之间的关联。
Develop ment 作者在帮助DeDe的过程中发现虽然DeDe不能过正常的高中生活,但DeDe总是很快乐,全身心地投入自己的兴趣中。作者非常喜欢曲棍球,但是在高中三年级时,妈妈不让他玩曲棍球了。在与DeDe祖母的聊天中,作者了解到对于DeDe来说,作者是很重要的人,他很感动。
Para. 1 So I decided to talk to DeDe directly about my problems. ①What were the author’s problems ②What was DeDe’s advice to the author
Para. 2 I thought DeDe was right. ①What did the author do after going home ②What did the author’s mother do in the end
One possible version:
Paragraph 1:
So I decided to talk to DeDe directly about my problems. DeDe smiled as soon as she saw me. I kept talking about how much I loved field hockey and why my mother didn’t want me to play it anymore. DeDe listened to me carefully. After a moment of silence, she said, “As one of the people with disabilities, I think it’s lucky to have the ability to do what you really love. Maybe your mother just doesn’t know what field hockey means to you. But you can explain it to her.”
Paragraph 2:
I thought DeDe was right. That night when I came back home, I had a conversation with my mother. “Mom, playing field hockey is not just an interest to me. It will be my lifelong hobby. The sport gives me confidence,” I explained. And I promised that I would keep a balance between my study and sports. My mother was greatly touched and finally agreed that I could continue playing field hockey. I have been grateful to DeDe until now.
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2024外研版高中英语选择性必修第三册同步
Part 3 Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.After the performance, Alice (鞠躬) to the audience and left the stage.
2.To (评估) the price of the old house, Mr Smith asked several questions about its history.
3.Students with high hopes set themselves higher goals and know how to work to (/ te n/) them.
4.The government makes it a top priority to guarantee that all children, whether from urban areas or r areas, have equal access to the nine year compulsory education.
Ⅱ.一词多义
1.I made the choice to withdraw from college to care for my mother.
词性: 词义:
2.He frowned and decided to withdraw his support for our campaign.
词性: 词义:
3.We don’t know how the thief withdrew money from others’ accounts.
词性: 词义:
4.I resigned from the company in order to take a more challenging job.
词性: 词义:
5.Though he failed in all his attempts, he refused to resign himself to his fate.
词性: 词义:
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1.The response of the audience changed from (reject) to acceptance.
2.You’d better keep an eye on the weather in Nanjing before your (depart).
3.She spoke in such a pleasant manner that I felt ease with her.
4.If you have severe (depress) symptoms, you should seek help right away.
5.When I asked Tom whether he had finished his report, he shook his head slowly and (deliberate).
6.White represents (pure) in that culture, which is why a bride wears something white on her wedding day.
7.The drug (withdraw) from sale after a number of people suffered serious side effects.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.欣赏着田野的美景,我们有一种满足感。
Enjoying the beautiful scene of the field, we had .(读后续写—心理描写)
2.如果你每天坚持用英语写日记,你就能轻易提高你的写作技能。(ease)
If you insist on keeping diaries in English every day, you can improve your writing skills .
3.他对讲座很感兴趣,听得津津有味。(such...that...)
He had he listened to it with interest.
4.After he had resigned from the factory, he went to a larger city.(句型转换:非谓语动词)
→ , he went to a larger city.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Although separated in time by nearly 1,500 years, both Tao Yuanming and Henry David Thoreau 1 (share) an intense respect for nature.
Unable to adjust to the life at court, in 405, Tao quit the service of the court for good, 2 (express) his unhappiness in his poems, and he found contentment in the simplicity of rural life and drew pleasure from nature. 3 (similar), Thoreau wanted to live in a simpler way, focusing on 4 (he) and his writing.
While they did not treat nature in quite the same way, their 5 (work) show nature’s beauty and value. Tao’s nature is a place of fields and villages while Thoreau’s descriptions of nature emphasised the beauty and 6 (pure) of the wild areas around him. The calm and peaceful life Tao wrote about is in contrast 7 and critical of the depressive court life while Thoreau’s writing aimed to convince people that animals and plants had a right to live and prosper, 8 we do.
During their times, it took great courage 9 (reject) the easy and familiar life and instead try to live closer to nature. Nowadays, their ideas about living simply and being at ease with nature are still valued by those 10 want personal well being and fulfilment.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
(2023湖北黄冈期中)
Scientists at University College London have discovered sets of regulatory genes, which are responsible for maintaining healthy hearing. The finding, made in fruit flies, could lead to treatments for age related hearing loss (ARHL) in humans.
Globally, one third of people aged over 65 experience hearing loss, and while there are thought to be more than 150 genes that may affect hearing loss, there is no unified (统一的) view on how to use these to develop hearing loss treatments.
In the study, published in Scientific Reports, researchers at the UCL Ear Institute assessed the hearing ability of the common fruit fly across its lifespan (around 70 days) to see if its hearing declines with age.
A fruit fly’s ears share many molecular (分子的) similarities with the ears of humans, making it a superb tool for the study of human hearing loss.
Researchers found that the antennal ears of fruit flies also display ARHL with nearly all sensitive hearing measures starting to decline after 50 days of age. This made the researchers want to know if there were any “age variable” genes in the flies’ inner ears which have kept the ears healthy for 50 days of their lives.
After closer examination, researchers identified a new set of regulatory genes—homeostasis genes. These genes are often responsible for picking up sound and the overall sensitivity of the ear. Using this information, scientists were then able to genetically modify (修改) the genes and prevent the flies from getting ARHL.
Professor Joerg Albert, lead author of the study, said,“While many studies have been conducted into the hearing function of fruit flies, ours is the first to look at the mechanistic and molecular detail of their auditory (听觉的) life course. The fact that these genes are conserved in humans will also help to focus future clinical research on humans and thereby accelerate the discovery of new gene therapeutic strategies.”
1.What did scientists at UCL discover
A.Homeostasis genes maintain one’s ability to hear.
B.There are regulatory genes that are related to aging.
C.Humans have over 150 genes that can affect hearing loss.
D.One third of people aged over 65 have hearing problems.
2.Why were fruit flies used in the research
A.They share many genes with humans.
B.They display ARHL during their lifespan.
C.Their hearing ability also declines with age.
D.Their hearing system is similar to that of humans’.
3.What can we learn from Joerg Albert’s words
A.The reason of the study.
B.The significance of the study.
C.The discovery of new treatments.
D.The future commercial prospects.
4.Which of the following would be the best title for the text
A.Fruit flies: the cause of hearing loss
B.Hearing loss: a common problem for older adults
C.Gene discoveries could lead to hearing loss treatments
D.The body’s ability can be unlocked to treat hearing loss
Ⅲ.七选五
(2022湖南岳阳期末)
People are consumers(消费者). We have to spend large parts of our days finding, buying, cooking and eating our food. Did you ever think it might be nice to be able to make your own food like plants do 1 They perform a process called photosynthesis using light from the sun, water and carbon dioxide. The end result of this chemical reaction is sugar for plants to “eat”. Plants even including algae in the ponds give off water and oxygen.
2 Plants have special structures called chloroplasts(叶绿体) that animals don’t have. These structures are filled with chlorophyll, which gives leafy green plants their green color. Their main job is to absorb light from the sun. Chloroplasts can absorb every color except green. Light makes chlorophyll active. It creates energy that separates water out into hydrogen and oxygen. 3
Hydrogen from the water combines with carbon from the carbon dioxide we breathe out. Oxygen is sent out into the air.
4 Plants rely on the carbon dioxide that we breathe out, and we rely on the oxygen that they “breathe” out. This is one good reason for protecting plant life on Earth. Many plants can produce a constant supply of oxygen for us. We need plants in order to survive.
Conservation(保护) projects around the globe are aimed at protecting our natural resources, including numerous species of plants. 5
A.Plants are producers.
B.Chemical reactions take place.
C.Animals can’t live without water.
D.People and plants make perfect partners.
E.So how do plants do it,and why can’t we
F.There would be too much carbon dioxide in the air.
G.Our quality of life and the fresh air we breathe depend upon our green plant partners.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ⅳ.读后续写
(2021辽宁沈阳期中)
阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I met DeDe during my second year in high school. She was in a class that helps students with a variety of mental and physical disabilities. I had never communicated with them until my field hockey(曲棍球) coach, who was also their teacher, asked me to help meet DeDe when her bus dropped her off for the basketball game.
On that evening in January, I saw an electric wheelchair with DeDe in it. The first feature I noticed about DeDe was her smile, which was as vibrant (充满活力的) as the sun on a summer day. “I came to pick you up for your first basketball game,” I said. “I’m really excited about that,” she replied enthusiastically.
I had never worked with students with special needs and didn’t know what to expect, but DeDe was calm, and in a full conversation, I could understand 90% of her words. She blew me away with her intelligence and confidence. Soon we became close friends.
One day as I drove to DeDe’s house, I thought about my life. I couldn’t think of any great achievements, yet I had the ability to succeed. DeDe couldn’t go through a normal day of high school, and she didn’t have a regular social life. But she was always joyful and devoted herself to her interest. At that time, I was deeply in love with field hockey, but my mother didn’t allow me to play it in the third year. I didn’t know what to do.
Pulling up in front of her house, I saw DeDe’s grandmother. She called me inside to talk. She said,“DeDe really talks a lot about you and I feel so blessed that you have come into her life. It’s not a complete day if DeDe doesn’t mention you.” I felt so touched. I had never known how much I meant to DeDe before.
注意:续写词数应为150左右。
Paragraph 1:
So I decided to talk to DeDe directly about my problems.
Paragraph 2:
I thought DeDe was right.
Part 3 Developing ideas & Presenting ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.bowed 2.evaluate 3.attain 4.rural
Ⅱ.1.动词;(使)退出 句意:为了照顾母亲,我选择了从大学休学。
2.动词;停止提供,不再给予 句意:他皱起眉头,决定停止对我们运动的支持。
3.动词;取(款) 句意:我们不知道那个小偷是怎样从别人的账户里取走钱的。
4.动词;辞职 句意:为了能够接受一个更具有挑战性的工作,我从这家公司辞职了。
5.动词;听任,顺从 句意:尽管他所有的尝试都失败了,他还是拒绝听天由命。
Ⅲ.1.rejection 考查名词。句意:观众的反应从拒绝变为了接受。根据“from...to acceptance”可知设空处与acceptance并列,用名词形式,且由语境可知设空处与acceptance(接受)意思相反,表示“拒绝”,故填rejection。
2.departure 考查名词。句意:在你离开之前,你最好留意南京的天气。根据空前的形容词性物主代词your可知,此处用名词形式。depart的名词形式为departure,意为“离开”。
3.at 考查介词。句意:她说话的方式如此令人愉悦,我和她在一起感到很自在。be/feel at ease with sb.与某人相处感到放松。
4.depressive 考查形容词。句意:如果你有严重的抑郁症状,你应该立即寻求帮助。设空处作定语,修饰空后的名词symptoms,应用形容词;此处表示“抑郁的”,故填depressive。
5.deliberately 考查副词。分析句子结构可知,设空处与slowly并列,作状语修饰shook,因此应用副词形式。
6.purity 考查名词。句意:在那种文化中,白色代表纯洁,这就是为什么新娘在婚礼那天穿戴白色的物品。分析句子结构可知,逗号前为主句,逗号后为which引导的非限制性定语从句。主句主语为White,谓语为represents,空处作谓语动词represents的宾语,应用名词形式。由语境可知设空处表示“纯洁”,故填purity。
7.was withdrawn 考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意:这种药因许多人服用后产生严重的副作用而被停止销售。分析句子结构可知,after之前的部分为主句,“after a number...side effects”为after引导的时间状语从句。根据从句中的谓语动词suffered及语境可知此处表示过去的事情,应用一般过去时。withdraw sth. from sale表示“停止销售(产品或服务)”,此用法在此题中构成“withdraw the drug from sale”,由此可知The drug与withdraw之间为被动关系,应用被动语态。主句主语The drug是第三人称单数形式,故填was withdrawn。
Ⅳ.1.a sense of fulfilment 2.with ease 3.such an interest in the lecture that 4.Having resigned from the factory
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.shared 考查动词的时态。根据本句中的“by nearly 1,500 years”和下一段中的“in 405”可知,陶渊明和亨利·大卫·梭罗所处的时间都属于过去,故用一般过去时。
2.expressing 考查现在分词。分析句子结构可知,句中第一个and连接两个并列分句。在and前的分句中,“Tao quit the service of the court for good”是该分句的主干,“ 2 (express) his unhappiness in his poems”作状语;该分句中已有谓语quit,设空处应用非谓语动词,且该分句的主语Tao与express为逻辑上的主动关系,故用现在分词作状语。
3.Similarly 考查副词。设空处作状语,修饰整个句子,应用副词。similar的副词形式是similarly,在此处意为“同样”。故填Similarly。
4.himself 考查代词。句意:同样,梭罗想过一种更简单的生活,专注于自己和自己的写作。设空处作介词on的宾语,根据空后的“his writing”及语境可知设空处与句子主语Thoreau指的是同一个人,表示“他自己”,故用反身代词himself。
5.works 考查名词复数。句意:虽然他们对待自然的方式不尽相同,但他们的作品表现出了自然的美和价值。分析句子结构可知,“While they did not...same way”为While引导的状语从句,逗号后为主句,设空处作主句的主语,show为主句的谓语。根据空前的their可知设空处应用名词作主语;根据空后的谓语show可知主语应用复数形式。故填works。work在此处为可数名词,意为“作品”。
6.purity 考查名词。句意:……而梭罗对自然的描述强调了他周围荒野的美丽和纯净。设空处与空前的beauty为并列成分,由and连接,再结合beauty前的the和空后的of可知设空处应用名词。pure的名词形式为purity,意为“纯净”,符合语境。
7.to 考查介词。in contrast to是固定搭配,意为“与……形成对比”。
8.as 考查连词。句意:……而梭罗的著作力求使人们相信动物和植物有权利像我们一样生存和健康成长。分析句子结构可知,“ 8 we do”为状语从句,此处表示“像……一样”,故填as。
9.to reject 考查动词不定式。It takes/took...to do sth.为固定句型,意为“做某事花费……”,故填to reject。
10.who 考查定语从句。句意:如今,他们关于简单生活和与自然轻松相处的想法仍然受到那些想要个人幸福和满足的人的重视。“ 10 want personal well being and fulfilment”是定语从句,修饰先行词those,those在此处指“那些人”;关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语,指人,故填who。
易错归因 此题易错填that。当定语从句的先行词是those且指人时,关系词宜用who不宜用that。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了对果蝇听觉系统的研究,该研究可以为治疗人类听力丧失提供策略。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第六段中“After closer examination, researchers identified a new set of regulatory genes—homeostasis genes. These genes are often responsible for picking up sound and the overall sensitivity of the ear.(经过更细致的检查,研究人员发现了一组新的调节基因——稳态基因。这些基因通常负责接收声音和耳朵的整体敏感性。)”可知,伦敦大学学院的科学家发现稳态基因维持一个人的听觉能力。故选A。
易错归因 C项和D项在第二段中有提及,但文中并未说明这是伦敦大学学院科学家的发现,故排除C、D两项;根据第一段中的“Scientists at University College London have discovered sets of regulatory genes, which are responsible for maintaining healthy hearing.”可知,伦敦大学学院的科学家们发现了一组调节基因,这些基因负责保持健康的听力。并未提到这些调节基因与衰老有关。故排除B项。
2.D 推理判断题。根据第四段“A fruit fly’s ears share many molecular(分子的) similarities with the ears of humans, making it a superb tool for the study of human hearing loss.”可知,研究中使用果蝇的原因是它们的听觉系统与人类的相似。故选D。
3.B 推理判断题。根据最后一段Joerg Albert说的话“While many studies have been conducted...gene therapeutic strategies.”可知,Joerg Albert认为研究果蝇是为了给人类提供借鉴,将有助于未来对人类进行研究,加速新的基因治疗策略的发现。因此我们可以从Joerg Albert的话中了解到这项研究的意义。故选B。
4.C 主旨大意题。根据第六段“fter closer examination...from getting ARHL.(经过更细致的检查,研究人员发现了一组新的调节基因——稳态基因。这些基因通常负责接收声音和耳朵的整体敏感性。利用该信息,之后科学家们就能够通过基因修改这些基因,防止苍蝇感染ARHL。)”再结合最后一段中“The fact that...strategies.(这些基因在人类中是保守的这一事实也将有助于将未来的临床研究重点放在人类身上,从而加速发现新的药理学或基因治疗策略。)”可知,科学家研究果蝇是对人类听力损伤治疗有借鉴价值的。由此可知,C项“Gene discoveries could lead to hearing loss treatments(基因发现可能导致听力损失治疗)”适合作本文的最佳标题。故选C。
【高频词汇】 1.maintain vt.维持,保持 2.assess vt.评估 3.decline v.下降 4.similarity n.相似点 5.display vt.表露 (特点、素质、情感);展出,展示 6.identify vt.发现;识别 7.accelerate v.(使)加速,加快
长难句
原句 Globally, one third of people aged over 65 experience hearing loss, and while there are thought to be more than 150 genes that may affect hearing loss, there is no unified (统一的) view on how to use these to develop hearing loss treatments.
分析 本句为and连接的并列复合句。and前的分句为简单句;and后的分句为主从复合句,“while there are...affect hearing loss”为while引导的让步状语从句,该从句中又含有that引导的定语从句“that may affect hearing loss”,修饰先行词genes。
译文 在全球范围内,65岁以上的人群中有三分之一的人经历听力损失,尽管人们认为有超过150种基因可能影响听觉损耗,但对于如何利用这些基因来开发听觉损耗的治疗方法还没有统一的观点。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了人和植物是相互依存的,并阐述了保护植物的重要性。
1.A 细节句。空前提到人是消费者,并提出设想,人如果能像植物一样自己生产自己的食物该多好;空后提到它们用阳光、水和二氧化碳来进行光合作用,这一化学反应的最终结果是产生供植物自己“食用”的糖。空后讲的是与“消费者”对应的“生产者”的活动,再结合选项可知A项“植物是生产者。”符合语境。选项A中的Plants与空后的They对应。故选A。
2.E 过渡句。上一段主要说明了人是消费者而植物是生产者,选项E“那么植物是如何做到的,为什么我们不能呢 ”承接上一段,提出为什么人类和植物不同的问题,同时引出下文对这一问题的解释,空后的“Plants have special structures called chloroplasts(叶绿体) that animals don’t have.(植物有特殊的结构,称为叶绿体,动物没有。)”是原因。故选E。
3.B 细节句。空前提到叶绿素会产生把水分解成氢气和氧气的能量,根据常识可知这是一种化学反应,再结合选项可知B项“化学反应产生了。”符合语境。B项中的“Chemical reactions”与前文中的“separates water out into hydrogen and oxygen”对应。故选B。
4.D 主旨句。设空处位于段首,推测为本段主旨句。下文讲到植物依赖我们呼出的二氧化碳,而我们依赖它们“呼出”的氧气,说明人类和植物之间是相互依存的。结合选项可知选项D“人和植物是完美的伙伴。”能够概括本段主题。故选D。
5.G 细节句。上文讲到世界各地的保护项目旨在保护我们的自然资源,包括许多种类的植物。选项G“我们的生活质量和呼吸的新鲜空气依赖于我们的绿色植物伙伴。”承接上文,是对上文的顺承。G项中的“our green plant partners”与上文中的“species of plants”对应。故选G。
【高频词汇】 1.chemical reaction 化学反应 2.give off 发出,放出 3.absorb v.吸收,理解 4.combine with与……结合 5.rely on依赖,依靠 6.a supply of 供应
7.constant adj.持续不断的,经常发生的 8.survive v.生存;幸存 9.be aimed at旨在…… 10.numerous adj.众多的,许多的
Ⅳ.
写作指导
情节线 情感线
Time during the author’s high school impressive, surprised confused grateful
Character the author,DeDe, the author’s mother, DeDe’s grandmother, the author’s field hockey coach
What The author’s mother didn’t allow the author to play field hockey in his third year in high school.
Beginning 引出文章话题——两人之间的关联。
Develop ment 作者在帮助DeDe的过程中发现虽然DeDe不能过正常的高中生活,但DeDe总是很快乐,全身心地投入自己的兴趣中。作者非常喜欢曲棍球,但是在高中三年级时,妈妈不让他玩曲棍球了。在与DeDe祖母的聊天中,作者了解到对于DeDe来说,作者是很重要的人,他很感动。
Para. 1 So I decided to talk to DeDe directly about my problems. ①What were the author’s problems ②What was DeDe’s advice to the author
Para. 2 I thought DeDe was right. ①What did the author do after going home ②What did the author’s mother do in the end
One possible version:
Paragraph 1:
So I decided to talk to DeDe directly about my problems. DeDe smiled as soon as she saw me. I kept talking about how much I loved field hockey and why my mother didn’t want me to play it anymore. DeDe listened to me carefully. After a moment of silence, she said, “As one of the people with disabilities, I think it’s lucky to have the ability to do what you really love. Maybe your mother just doesn’t know what field hockey means to you. But you can explain it to her.”
Paragraph 2:
I thought DeDe was right. That night when I came back home, I had a conversation with my mother. “Mom, playing field hockey is not just an interest to me. It will be my lifelong hobby. The sport gives me confidence,” I explained. And I promised that I would keep a balance between my study and sports. My mother was greatly touched and finally agreed that I could continue playing field hockey. I have been grateful to DeDe until now.
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