2024外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步练习--Unit 1 Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas（含答案与解析）
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2024外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步
Unit 1 Looking forwards
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.These islands are only several (小圆点) on the map, but their scenery is magnificent.
2.A (通讯员,记者) is a person who reports news from a particular place.
3.He left a note at the scene of the crime, challenging (侦探) to catch him.
4.Life can be understood b , but it must be lived forwards.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.How students (ultimate) handle stress may depend on their personal test taking abilities.
2.I like reading (history) stories because I can learn much from them.
3.My sister is a very girl and one of her is to become a chemical engineer in the future.(ambition)
4.So, you are, thank you for the random act of kindness that not only helped my mother out, but made her day too. (2021浙江)
5. The young man with a pair of white is a teacher, and he to be a maths teacher in our school this term. (train)
Ⅲ.选词填空
take action; by contrast; in the face of; come one’s way; take a leaf from one’s book
I failed in a job interview again, but I didn’t give up. I knew opportunity wouldn’t 1. if I didn’t work hard. 2. the difficulty, I 3. to improve myself and learnt about the successful applicants to 4. , because 5. , they were more skillful and had better performance in the interview than me. With my efforts, I managed to get a position in a big company.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.结果是,当谈到英语学习时,学生们更喜欢娱乐的方式而不是传统的方式。(turn out)
students favor the entertaining ways over the traditional ones when it comes to English learning.(2022全国乙写作)
2.正如预料的一样,昨晚他被迫改变了之前的安排。(定语从句,force)
, he the previous arrangements last night.
3.As soon as he saw the video, he felt that the memories of the boyhood came flooding back.(句型转换)
→ the video, he felt that the memories of the boyhood came flooding back.
→ the video, he felt that the memories of the boyhood came flooding back.
→ the video, he felt that the memories of the boyhood came flooding back. (读后续写—心理描写)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
It is known that having plans for the future is no guarantee 1 they will come true. As for this, some people are 2 (fortunate) than others.
The American author, Ernest Hemingway, born in 1899, had an 3 (ambitious) to write from early boyhood. The moment he left high school, he joined a local newspaper as a trainee reporter. He decided to write one story about each thing he knew about. 4 (set) himself this goal, he wrote novels and short stories based on his personal experiences. His novel The Old Man and the Sea 5 (win) the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1953.
In contrast, Arthur Conan Doyle had 6 (original) worked as a doctor. After Sherlock Holmes made him famous, Doyle gave up medicine and devoted himself entirely 7 writing. He wanted to become known for his historical novels, so he killed off the famous detective in a novel 8 (publish) in 1893. However, fans of Holmes were so angry that Doyle was forced 9 (bring) Holmes back from the dead.
Though the two men were successful at last, their paths to success were different. So, 10 difficulties you might encounter, learn from the two authors and be prepared for the unexpected.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2023重庆八中阶段练习)
I major in Mechanical Engineering and Political Science. When someone hears what I study, I’m usually meant with two reactions. The first is a small smile with the word “overachiever” on the tip of their tongue. The second is a look of confusion, followed by an exaggerated(夸张的) “Why ” The short answer: I want to be a problem solver, and engineering teaches me how to become that type of person. In addition, I also want to be able to look at the bigger picture.
It’s the beginning of a new year, and numerous first years have plans for double or triple majors. However, as most of us quickly realize after that first fall semester, college is a lot! We are unavoidably forced to make up our minds—do we keep trying to make our double or triple majors work or do we completely switch gears The thing I wished someone told me on day one is that if you’re passionate about something, it’s not going to feel like work. Political Science can be challenging, but to me, it’s fun to read the Constitution(宪法) and see the impact each word has on our interpretation.
This may sound hard to accept, but if you are double or triply majoring because you think you’re in a race with your peers, you’re only running yourself into the ground. Don’t double or triply major if you are doing it for a mark on your résumé(简历) ultimately, because then your life will be a living hell for the next four years. What is going to make you impressive is the passion that you have—whether it is in your study, your career, or something else your study and career will enable you to do.
Always think about your “why” when it comes to the schedule double or triple majors entail, because at the end of the day, it’s going to be you doing the homework—so try to enjoy what you’re doing along the ride for what it’s worth.
1.How do people tend to feel about the writer’s majors
A.Satisfied or confused.
B.Amazed or concerned.
C.Impressed or puzzled.
D.Ashamed or challenged.
2.What enables the writer to enjoy learning Political Science
A.His enthusiasm for the major.
B.His career planning for the future.
C.The influence of learning engineering.
D.The value of studying the Constitution.
3.What causes the hard situation of students with multiple majors
A.Adjusting the schedule for majors constantly.
B.Pursuing multiple majors out of competitive motivation.
C.Making random choices without sufficient consideration.
D.Estimating the difficulty of multiply majoring inaccurately.
4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A.To promote the concept of multiply majoring.
B.To explain the reasons for choosing a double major.
C.To compare the gains and losses of multiply majoring.
D.To stress the significance of passion in multiply majoring.
B
(2022辽宁大连期末)
Fahim was only 11 years old when he first met Alberto Cairo in 1993 in a hospital in Kabul, the Afghan capital.
At the time, Kabul was caught in a bloody civil war. After his left leg was blown off, Fahim went to the hospital to seek treatment. This is a hospital run by the International Committee of the Red Cross(ICRC). There, he met Alberto Cairo, who arrived in Kabul in 1990.
Over the next three decades, Fahim has made countless trips to the hospital. During those visits, the compassionate(有同情心的) treatment from Cairo deeply moved him. “He is a friend of the Afghan people,” Fahim said of Cairo. When Fahim decided to study medicine, it was Cairo who kept encouraging him. Today Fahim works as a nurse and anesthetist(麻醉师) in a hospital in Afghanistan.
Fahim is only one example of what Cairo leaves behind in Kabul. For Cairo, the job as a doctor came by chance. “I was a teenager in Italy when I saw a man doing something that seemed so simple but so helpful: helping people to walk. That moment left a strong impression on me. I ultimately left my training as a lawyer behind, which was my ambition from boyhood, to choose medicine.”
In his early years in Afghanistan, Cairo was shocked by the great number of patients seeking treatment for wounds caused by the war. Each year, the rehabilitation(康复) centers treat more than 13,000 new patients, most of whom, like Fahim, require lifetime treatment.
At first, the ICRC’s treatment center only focused on war sufferers, but Cairo expanded its treatment to include all people with disabilities in the country. He made two decisions that have left a lasting impact. One was to employ former patients to work in the treatment center. The second was to organize an athletic group for people with disabilities. “My final goal is to let each patient go back to society and live with dignity(自尊),” said Cairo while waiting to begin his daily round in the West Kabul Rehabilitation Center.
5.Why has Fahim made countless trips to the hospital in Kabul
A.To express his appreciation to Cairo.
B.To carry out his work as a nurse.
C.To strengthen his friendship with Cairo.
D.To receive his lifetime treatment.
6.Why did Cairo choose to be a doctor
A.He followed his childhood dream.
B.He valued the virtue of helpfulness.
C.He was removed from the law school.
D.He was shocked by the war.
7.What is Cairo’s ultimate aim as a doctor
A.To build more rehabilitation centers.
B.To give treatment to war sufferers.
C.To offer jobs to all with disabilities.
D.To bring dignity to patients.
8.Which part of a newspaper is the text probably from
A.Entertainment.
B.People.
C.Technology.
D.Culture.
Ⅲ.七选五
(2023山东“学情空间”区域教研共同体月考)
If you are seeking a new career opportunity rather than just a job, you are not alone. So how can you make sure your job is the right fit for you 1 Luckily, you are in the right place to get some tips on landing the career you are looking for after graduation.
2 It may sound simple, but many recent graduates struggle for the big picture. Often, we see career seekers fall into the workforce without a true understanding of what they truly want to do. It is important to understand what ambition you want to achieve in your career. Find out what you like to do by completing a self evaluation.
Understand your salary requests. 3 This is common; however, you can find yourself in an unsatisfying field if satisfying your salary requests is impossible in that field. That is a problem. It will make your job much less fulfilling ultimately.
Set your work life balance needs. This is important for finding the career that best suits you. In selecting a career, you often have to take various factors into account. Understand how much time you need for the other aspects of life. 4
Reach out to the place where you want to work. You may have understood the career you want to pursue, but the only problem is that the company isn’t offering that position. Don’t let that discourage you. 5 You may be surprised that the company may be able to offer you a similar job or the ideal position in the future.
A.Know what you want to pursue in life.
B.Show off your competence properly.
C.It’s a tough question without a simple answer.
D.Contact the hiring manager at that company to express your interest.
E.Then find a job that will allow you enough time away from the office.
F.A lot of recent graduates struggle to find a job from which they can get adequate pay.
G.Keep yourself well informed of the latest information about the labor market.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
答案与分层梯度式解析
Unit 1 Looking forwards
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.dots 2.correspondent 3.detectives 4.backwards
Ⅱ.1.ultimately 考查副词。分析句子结构可知,“How students handle stress”为主语从句,其中students为从句主语,handle为从句谓语;设空处修饰handle,应用副词作状语,故填ultimately, 意为“最终”。
2.historical 考查形容词。根据空后的名词stories可知,设空处应用形容词作定语;根据语境可知设空处表示“有关历史的”,应用形容词historical。historical stories历史故事。易错归因 此题易错填historic,原因是没有准确掌握两个形容词的不同意义。historical表示“(有关)历史的;有关历史研究的;历史学的”,通常涉及历史、史学、过去的事实;而historic表示“历史性的,历史上重要的/著名的”,强调事件本身具有的重大历史意义。
3.ambitious; ambitions 考查形容词和名词复数。句意:我的姐姐是一个非常有雄心的女孩,她的理想之一是将来成为一名化学工程师。由第一空前面的a very和后面的girl可知,第一空应用形容词作定语,修饰girl;由句意可知第一空表示“有雄心的”,故填ambitious。由第二空前面的one of和形容词性物主代词her可知,第二空应用名词的复数形式,故填ambitions。
4.whoever 考查连词。句意:所以,不管你是谁,谢谢你随意的善举,这不仅帮助我妈妈摆脱了困境,也让她那一天很开心。分析句子结构可知,“ you are”为设空处引导的让步状语从句,设空处在从句中作are的表语,结合句意可知此处表示“无论谁”,故填whoever。
类比启发 “特殊疑问词+ ever”构成的词(如whatever、whoever、however、whenever、wherever等)可引导让步状语从句,也可引导名词性从句。仅在让步状语从句中该类词可转换为“no matter+特殊疑问词”,如whatever=no matter what。
5.trainers; trainee; is being trained/is training 考查名词和动词的时态、语态及主谓一致。句意:穿着一双白色运动鞋的那个年轻人是一位实习老师,这个学期正在我们学校接受数学教师培训。由句意及“a pair of”可推知,第一空表示“运动鞋”且应用复数,故第一空应填trainers。a trainee teacher 意为“一位实习老师”,符合语境,故第二空填trainee。本句中and连接两个并列分句,and后的分句中缺少谓语动词,因此第三空应用动词。根据第三空后面的时间状语“this term”和语境可知,此处要用现在进行时,表示“现阶段正在做某事”;主语为he,谓语应用第三人称单数形式;train可以作及物动词,意为“培训”,也可以作不及物动词,意为“接受培训”,由语境可知此处表示“他正被培训”或者“他正接受培训”,因此用被动语态和主动语态都可以,故填is being trained或is training。
类比启发 以下名词中,以 er结尾的表示动作的发出者,以 ee结尾的表示动作的承受者。
trainer教练;trainee 实习生
employer雇主;employee 雇员
interviewer采访者,主持面试者;interviewee 受访者,参加面试者
Ⅲ.1.come my way 2.In the face of 3.took action
4.take a leaf from their book 5.by contrast
Ⅳ.1.It turns out that 2.As was expected; was forced to change 3.On/Upon seeing;Immediately/Directly/Instantly
he saw;The moment/instant/minute he saw
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.that 考查连接词。句意:众所周知,对未来有所计划并不能保证它们会实现。分析句子结构并结合句意可知,设空处后为完整句子,意思完整且不缺少成分,“they will come true”为guarantee的具体内容,由此推断设空处引导同位语从句,故填that。
2.more fortunate 考查形容词比较级。句意:关于这一点,一些人比其他人更幸运。根据空后的than可知,本空应用形容词fortunate的比较级形式。
3.ambition 考查名词。句意:美国作家欧内斯特·海明威生于1899年,从少年时代早期起他的理想就是写作。根据空前的不定冠词an可知本空应用名词单数形式,此处表示“追求的目标,理想”,故填名词ambition。
4.Having set 考查现在分词的完成式。句意:在为自己设定了这个目标之后,他根据他的亲身经历写了长篇小说和短篇小说。句中已有谓语wrote且逗号前后没有连词连接,则设空处应用非谓语动词形式。本空在句中作状语,句子主语he和动词set之间为主动关系,应用现在分词形式,且set表示的动作在wrote表示的动作之前发生,故本空应用现在分词的完成式Having set。
5.won 考查时态。句意:他的小说《老人与海》于1953年获得普利策小说奖。设空处作谓语,根据时间状语in 1953可知,本空应用一般过去时。
6.originally 考查副词。句意:相比之下,阿瑟·柯南·道尔原先是一名医生。本空修饰谓语had worked,应用副词作状语,表示“原来,起初”,故填originally。
7.to 考查介词。句意:在夏洛克·福尔摩斯使道尔成名后,他放弃了医学,全身心地致力于写作。devote oneself to意为“致力于,献身于”,故本空应用介词to。
8.published 考查过去分词。句意:……所以他在1893年出版的一部小说中除掉了这位著名的侦探。本句中so连接前后两个并列分句;so后的分句中已有谓语动词killed且该分句中没有连词,则设空处应用非谓语动词形式。由句意及句子结构可知本空修饰名词novel,novel和publish之间为逻辑上的被动关系,故本空应用过去分词作后置定语。
9.to bring 考查不定式。句意:然而,福尔摩斯的粉丝们如此愤怒以至于道尔被迫使福尔摩斯起死回生。be forced to do sth.意为“被迫做某事”,故本空应用不定式形式。
10.whatever 考查让步状语从句。句意:所以,不管你可能遇到什么困难,向这两位作家学习,为应对意外做好准备。根据语境和句子结构可知设空处引导让步状语从句,表示“无论什么”,根据空后的difficulties可知,本空应用whatever。
Ⅱ.A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了大学生不要为了竞争而盲目选择多个专业,而是要因为热情而去选择多个专业。
1.C 推理判断题。综合第一段第二、三、四句“When someone hears...‘Why ’”可知,人们对作者所学专业的两种反应是“a small smile with the word ‘overachiever’ on the tip of their tongue”和“a look of confusion, followed by an exaggerated(夸张的) ‘Why ’ ”,即赞美和困惑。对比选项可知C项“印象深刻的或困惑的”符合文意,且C项中的puzzled(困惑的)与第一段中的confusion(困惑)对应。故选C。
2.A 细节理解题。结合第二段最后一句“Political Science can be challenging, but to me, it’s fun to read...and see...”和第三段最后一句“What is going to make you impressive is the passion that you have...”可知,是热情使得作者喜欢学习政治学。A项中的“enthusiasm”与第三段最后一句中的“passion”是近义词,也对应第二段最后一句中的fun。故选A。
3.B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“but if you are double or triply majoring because you think you’re in a race with your peers, you’re only running yourself into the ground”和“Don’t double or triply major if you are doing it for a mark on your résumé(简历) ultimately, because then your life will be a living hell for the next four years.”可知,在作者看来,选择多个专业让大学生们处于糟糕状况中的原因是,他们只是为了跟同龄人竞争。B项中的“out of competitive motivation”是 “in a race with...”和“for a mark on your résumé”的语义转换。故选B。
类比启发 有些题目的正确选项不出现原文中的直接信息,而是借语义转换(同义词/近义词/反义词/同源词)、词性转换、句式转换(如改变语态、正话反说等)、语言简化概括等方法对原文信息进行转述。有时选项与原文语句的表达有较大差异,需要进行分析、对比或整理才能得出答案。
4.D 推理判断题。通过作者选多个专业的事例,再结合第三段最后一句“What is going to make you impressive is the passion that you have—whether it be in your study, your career, or something else...”和最后一段中的“Always think about your ‘why’ when it comes to the schedule double or triple majors entail”和“try to enjoy what you’re doing along the ride for what it’s worth”可知,作者写这篇文章的目的是建议人们要带着热情去选择专业。D项“为了强调热情在主修多专业这件事上的重要性”符合文意,故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.major in 主修 2.unavoidably adv.不可避免地 3.passionate adj.热诚的,狂热的 passion n.热情;热爱;酷爱 4.impact n./v.影响,作用;撞击
【差距词汇】 1.Mechanical Engineering机械工程学 2.triple adj.三部分的;三倍的v.使成三倍;变成三倍triply adv.三部分地;三倍地 3.entail v.牵涉,需要,使必要
长难句 原句 What is going to make you impressive is the passion that you have—whether it is in your study, your career, or something else your study and career will enable you to do.
分析 这是一个主从复合句。“What is going to make you impressive”为What引导的主语从句;“that you have”为that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词the passion;whether...or...引导让步状语从句,其中,something else后是省略that的定语从句。
译文 会让你给别人留下深刻印象的是你所拥有的热情——无论是在你的学习上、在你的职业生涯中,还是在你的学习和职业将使你能够做的其他事情中。
B
◎语篇解读 这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了Cairo从医的过程及其人生目标。
5.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“After his left leg was blown off, Fahim went to the hospital to seek treatment.(在他的左腿被炸了之后,Fahim 去医院寻求治疗)”、第三段中的“During those visits, the compassionate(有同情心的) treatment from Cairo”及第五段最后一句“Each year...most of whom, like Fahim, require lifetime treatment.(每年,康复中心治疗13,000多名新病人,他们中的大多数人都像Fahim一样,需要终身治疗)”可知,Fahim的左腿被炸了,他需要去医院进行终身治疗。故选D。
易错归因 本题容易根据第三段最后一句“Today Fahim works as a nurse and anesthetist(麻醉师) in a hospital in Afghanistan.”而误选B,根据此句可知Fahim工作的医院与题干所说的医院不是同一家,且根据第三段前两句的描述尤其是其中的countless trips和treatment可知Fahim去喀布尔这家医院是去治疗,而不是去工作,故排除B项。
6.B 细节理解题。根据第四段Cairo所说的话“那时我还是一个少年,当时在意大利我看到一位男士在做一件看似很简单但很有帮助的事情:帮助人们走路。那一刻给我留下了深刻的印象。我最终放弃了我自童年就开始了的追求——律师的培训,选择了医学。”可知,Cairo选择从医是受到他人的助人为乐美德的影响。故选B。
7.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句中Cairo所说的话“我的最终目标是让每位病人回归社会并有尊严地生活”可知,Cairo的最终目标是让患者有尊严地生活。故选D。
8.B 推理判断题。本文主要报道了Cairo从医的经历及其人生目标,讲的是个人的人生经历,因而本文最可能出现在报纸的“人物”板块。故选B。
【高频词汇】 1.by chance偶然,意外地 2.leave a strong impression on给……留下深刻印象 3.focus on集中于,聚焦于 4.expand v.扩大,扩张;扩展,发展 5.disability n.残疾,缺陷 6.leave a lasting impact 留下持久的影响
【熟词生义】 round n.一系列常规活动;惯常的活动the daily round日常活动
长难句 原句 In his early years in Afghanistan, Cairo was shocked by the great number of patients seeking treatment for wounds caused by the war.
分析 本句中“seeking treatment for wounds...”是现在分词短语作定语,修饰patients;“caused by the war”是过去分词短语作定语,修饰wounds。
译文 在阿富汗的前几年,Cairo对因战争受伤而寻求治疗的病人的数量之多感到震惊。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些帮助你在毕业后找到你想要的职业的建议。
1.C 过渡句。根据设空处上文“So how can you make sure your job is the right fit for you (那么,你如何确定你的工作是适合你的呢 )”可知,此处提出了一个问题。结合选项可知C项(这是一个很难回答的棘手的问题)能够承接上文,进一步解释上文提到的问题,C项中的question指代上文提到的问题,且C项能引出下文,幸运的是,你恰恰可以在这里获得一些相关建议,C项中的tough与下文中的Luckily对应,暗含转折意味。故选C。
2.A 主旨句。通读全文可知,文章为总分结构,第二、三、四、五段的第一句为段落主旨句。根据第二段中设空处下文“It is important to understand what ambition you want to achieve in your career. Find out what you like to do by completing a self evaluation. (了解你想在职业生涯中实现什么样的理想是重要的。通过完成自我评估来弄清楚你喜欢做什么)”可知,A项 (知道你想在生活中追求什么)可概括段落内容。故选A。
3.F 细节句。根据本段主旨句“Understand your salary requests.(了解自己的薪资要求)”和设空处下文“This is common”可知,设空处介绍的是薪资方面一种普遍的情况。结合选项可知F项(许多刚毕业的大学生都在竭力寻找一份能得到足够报酬的工作)与本段话题一致,与上下文衔接顺畅,逻辑合理。F项中的pay与上文中的salary为近义词复现。故选F。
4.E 细节句。根据本段主旨句“Set your work life balance needs.(设定工作与生活的平衡需求)”可知,本段主要讲工作与生活的平衡需求。E项(然后找一份能让你有足够时间脱离办公室的工作)符合本段主旨,而且能承接设空处上文内容“Understand how much time you need for the other aspects of life.(了解你需要多少时间给生活的其他方面)”。此处指的是有足够的时间离开办公室才能够保证工作与生活的平衡,故选E。
5.D 细节句。根据本段主旨句“Reach out to the place where you want to work.”可知,本段主要介绍的是主动联系你想工作的地方。结合选项可知,D项(联系那家公司的招聘经理表达你的兴趣)符合本段主旨,而且和下文“You may be surprised that the company may be able to offer you a similar job or the ideal position in the future.(你可能会惊讶未来那家公司也许能为你提供一个类似的工作或理想的职位)”语境相符,衔接连贯。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.unsatisfying adj.不令人满意的 satisfy v.满足;使满意 2.take...into account 考虑到……
3.pursue v.追求 4.discourage v.使灰心;阻止 5.keep sb. informed of 让某人了解……的最新消息
【熟词生义】 land v.成功得到,赢得
【差距词汇】 1.workforce n.劳动力,劳动大军
2.fulfilling adj.令人心满意足的 3.competence n.能力;胜任 4.adequate adj.足够的
长难句 原句 You may have understood the career you want to pursue, but the only problem is that the company isn’t offering that position.
分析 本句是并列复合句,but连接两个并列分句。在but前的分句中,“you want to pursue”是省略了关系词that或which的定语从句,修饰先行词the career。在but后的分句中,is后面是第一个that引导的表语从句。
译文 你可能已经明白了你想追求的职业,但唯一的问题是该公司不提供那个职位。
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2024外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步
Unit 1 Looking forwards
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.These islands are only several (小圆点) on the map, but their scenery is magnificent.
2.A (通讯员,记者) is a person who reports news from a particular place.
3.He left a note at the scene of the crime, challenging (侦探) to catch him.
4.Life can be understood b , but it must be lived forwards.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.How students (ultimate) handle stress may depend on their personal test taking abilities.
2.I like reading (history) stories because I can learn much from them.
3.My sister is a very girl and one of her is to become a chemical engineer in the future.(ambition)
4.So, you are, thank you for the random act of kindness that not only helped my mother out, but made her day too. (2021浙江)
5. The young man with a pair of white is a teacher, and he to be a maths teacher in our school this term. (train)
Ⅲ.选词填空
take action; by contrast; in the face of; come one’s way; take a leaf from one’s book
I failed in a job interview again, but I didn’t give up. I knew opportunity wouldn’t 1. if I didn’t work hard. 2. the difficulty, I 3. to improve myself and learnt about the successful applicants to 4. , because 5. , they were more skillful and had better performance in the interview than me. With my efforts, I managed to get a position in a big company.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.结果是,当谈到英语学习时,学生们更喜欢娱乐的方式而不是传统的方式。(turn out)
students favor the entertaining ways over the traditional ones when it comes to English learning.(2022全国乙写作)
2.正如预料的一样,昨晚他被迫改变了之前的安排。(定语从句,force)
, he the previous arrangements last night.
3.As soon as he saw the video, he felt that the memories of the boyhood came flooding back.(句型转换)
→ the video, he felt that the memories of the boyhood came flooding back.
→ the video, he felt that the memories of the boyhood came flooding back.
→ the video, he felt that the memories of the boyhood came flooding back. (读后续写—心理描写)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
It is known that having plans for the future is no guarantee 1 they will come true. As for this, some people are 2 (fortunate) than others.
The American author, Ernest Hemingway, born in 1899, had an 3 (ambitious) to write from early boyhood. The moment he left high school, he joined a local newspaper as a trainee reporter. He decided to write one story about each thing he knew about. 4 (set) himself this goal, he wrote novels and short stories based on his personal experiences. His novel The Old Man and the Sea 5 (win) the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1953.
In contrast, Arthur Conan Doyle had 6 (original) worked as a doctor. After Sherlock Holmes made him famous, Doyle gave up medicine and devoted himself entirely 7 writing. He wanted to become known for his historical novels, so he killed off the famous detective in a novel 8 (publish) in 1893. However, fans of Holmes were so angry that Doyle was forced 9 (bring) Holmes back from the dead.
Though the two men were successful at last, their paths to success were different. So, 10 difficulties you might encounter, learn from the two authors and be prepared for the unexpected.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2023重庆八中阶段练习)
I major in Mechanical Engineering and Political Science. When someone hears what I study, I’m usually meant with two reactions. The first is a small smile with the word “overachiever” on the tip of their tongue. The second is a look of confusion, followed by an exaggerated(夸张的) “Why ” The short answer: I want to be a problem solver, and engineering teaches me how to become that type of person. In addition, I also want to be able to look at the bigger picture.
It’s the beginning of a new year, and numerous first years have plans for double or triple majors. However, as most of us quickly realize after that first fall semester, college is a lot! We are unavoidably forced to make up our minds—do we keep trying to make our double or triple majors work or do we completely switch gears The thing I wished someone told me on day one is that if you’re passionate about something, it’s not going to feel like work. Political Science can be challenging, but to me, it’s fun to read the Constitution(宪法) and see the impact each word has on our interpretation.
This may sound hard to accept, but if you are double or triply majoring because you think you’re in a race with your peers, you’re only running yourself into the ground. Don’t double or triply major if you are doing it for a mark on your résumé(简历) ultimately, because then your life will be a living hell for the next four years. What is going to make you impressive is the passion that you have—whether it is in your study, your career, or something else your study and career will enable you to do.
Always think about your “why” when it comes to the schedule double or triple majors entail, because at the end of the day, it’s going to be you doing the homework—so try to enjoy what you’re doing along the ride for what it’s worth.
1.How do people tend to feel about the writer’s majors
A.Satisfied or confused.
B.Amazed or concerned.
C.Impressed or puzzled.
D.Ashamed or challenged.
2.What enables the writer to enjoy learning Political Science
A.His enthusiasm for the major.
B.His career planning for the future.
C.The influence of learning engineering.
D.The value of studying the Constitution.
3.What causes the hard situation of students with multiple majors
A.Adjusting the schedule for majors constantly.
B.Pursuing multiple majors out of competitive motivation.
C.Making random choices without sufficient consideration.
D.Estimating the difficulty of multiply majoring inaccurately.
4.What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A.To promote the concept of multiply majoring.
B.To explain the reasons for choosing a double major.
C.To compare the gains and losses of multiply majoring.
D.To stress the significance of passion in multiply majoring.
B
(2022辽宁大连期末)
Fahim was only 11 years old when he first met Alberto Cairo in 1993 in a hospital in Kabul, the Afghan capital.
At the time, Kabul was caught in a bloody civil war. After his left leg was blown off, Fahim went to the hospital to seek treatment. This is a hospital run by the International Committee of the Red Cross(ICRC). There, he met Alberto Cairo, who arrived in Kabul in 1990.
Over the next three decades, Fahim has made countless trips to the hospital. During those visits, the compassionate(有同情心的) treatment from Cairo deeply moved him. “He is a friend of the Afghan people,” Fahim said of Cairo. When Fahim decided to study medicine, it was Cairo who kept encouraging him. Today Fahim works as a nurse and anesthetist(麻醉师) in a hospital in Afghanistan.
Fahim is only one example of what Cairo leaves behind in Kabul. For Cairo, the job as a doctor came by chance. “I was a teenager in Italy when I saw a man doing something that seemed so simple but so helpful: helping people to walk. That moment left a strong impression on me. I ultimately left my training as a lawyer behind, which was my ambition from boyhood, to choose medicine.”
In his early years in Afghanistan, Cairo was shocked by the great number of patients seeking treatment for wounds caused by the war. Each year, the rehabilitation(康复) centers treat more than 13,000 new patients, most of whom, like Fahim, require lifetime treatment.
At first, the ICRC’s treatment center only focused on war sufferers, but Cairo expanded its treatment to include all people with disabilities in the country. He made two decisions that have left a lasting impact. One was to employ former patients to work in the treatment center. The second was to organize an athletic group for people with disabilities. “My final goal is to let each patient go back to society and live with dignity(自尊),” said Cairo while waiting to begin his daily round in the West Kabul Rehabilitation Center.
5.Why has Fahim made countless trips to the hospital in Kabul
A.To express his appreciation to Cairo.
B.To carry out his work as a nurse.
C.To strengthen his friendship with Cairo.
D.To receive his lifetime treatment.
6.Why did Cairo choose to be a doctor
A.He followed his childhood dream.
B.He valued the virtue of helpfulness.
C.He was removed from the law school.
D.He was shocked by the war.
7.What is Cairo’s ultimate aim as a doctor
A.To build more rehabilitation centers.
B.To give treatment to war sufferers.
C.To offer jobs to all with disabilities.
D.To bring dignity to patients.
8.Which part of a newspaper is the text probably from
A.Entertainment.
B.People.
C.Technology.
D.Culture.
Ⅲ.七选五
(2023山东“学情空间”区域教研共同体月考)
If you are seeking a new career opportunity rather than just a job, you are not alone. So how can you make sure your job is the right fit for you 1 Luckily, you are in the right place to get some tips on landing the career you are looking for after graduation.
2 It may sound simple, but many recent graduates struggle for the big picture. Often, we see career seekers fall into the workforce without a true understanding of what they truly want to do. It is important to understand what ambition you want to achieve in your career. Find out what you like to do by completing a self evaluation.
Understand your salary requests. 3 This is common; however, you can find yourself in an unsatisfying field if satisfying your salary requests is impossible in that field. That is a problem. It will make your job much less fulfilling ultimately.
Set your work life balance needs. This is important for finding the career that best suits you. In selecting a career, you often have to take various factors into account. Understand how much time you need for the other aspects of life. 4
Reach out to the place where you want to work. You may have understood the career you want to pursue, but the only problem is that the company isn’t offering that position. Don’t let that discourage you. 5 You may be surprised that the company may be able to offer you a similar job or the ideal position in the future.
A.Know what you want to pursue in life.
B.Show off your competence properly.
C.It’s a tough question without a simple answer.
D.Contact the hiring manager at that company to express your interest.
E.Then find a job that will allow you enough time away from the office.
F.A lot of recent graduates struggle to find a job from which they can get adequate pay.
G.Keep yourself well informed of the latest information about the labor market.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
答案与分层梯度式解析
Unit 1 Looking forwards
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.dots 2.correspondent 3.detectives 4.backwards
Ⅱ.1.ultimately 考查副词。分析句子结构可知,“How students handle stress”为主语从句,其中students为从句主语,handle为从句谓语;设空处修饰handle,应用副词作状语,故填ultimately, 意为“最终”。
2.historical 考查形容词。根据空后的名词stories可知,设空处应用形容词作定语;根据语境可知设空处表示“有关历史的”,应用形容词historical。historical stories历史故事。易错归因 此题易错填historic,原因是没有准确掌握两个形容词的不同意义。historical表示“(有关)历史的;有关历史研究的;历史学的”,通常涉及历史、史学、过去的事实;而historic表示“历史性的,历史上重要的/著名的”,强调事件本身具有的重大历史意义。
3.ambitious; ambitions 考查形容词和名词复数。句意:我的姐姐是一个非常有雄心的女孩,她的理想之一是将来成为一名化学工程师。由第一空前面的a very和后面的girl可知,第一空应用形容词作定语,修饰girl;由句意可知第一空表示“有雄心的”,故填ambitious。由第二空前面的one of和形容词性物主代词her可知,第二空应用名词的复数形式,故填ambitions。
4.whoever 考查连词。句意:所以,不管你是谁,谢谢你随意的善举,这不仅帮助我妈妈摆脱了困境,也让她那一天很开心。分析句子结构可知,“ you are”为设空处引导的让步状语从句,设空处在从句中作are的表语,结合句意可知此处表示“无论谁”,故填whoever。
类比启发 “特殊疑问词+ ever”构成的词(如whatever、whoever、however、whenever、wherever等)可引导让步状语从句,也可引导名词性从句。仅在让步状语从句中该类词可转换为“no matter+特殊疑问词”,如whatever=no matter what。
5.trainers; trainee; is being trained/is training 考查名词和动词的时态、语态及主谓一致。句意:穿着一双白色运动鞋的那个年轻人是一位实习老师,这个学期正在我们学校接受数学教师培训。由句意及“a pair of”可推知,第一空表示“运动鞋”且应用复数,故第一空应填trainers。a trainee teacher 意为“一位实习老师”,符合语境,故第二空填trainee。本句中and连接两个并列分句,and后的分句中缺少谓语动词,因此第三空应用动词。根据第三空后面的时间状语“this term”和语境可知,此处要用现在进行时,表示“现阶段正在做某事”;主语为he,谓语应用第三人称单数形式;train可以作及物动词,意为“培训”,也可以作不及物动词,意为“接受培训”,由语境可知此处表示“他正被培训”或者“他正接受培训”,因此用被动语态和主动语态都可以,故填is being trained或is training。
类比启发 以下名词中,以 er结尾的表示动作的发出者,以 ee结尾的表示动作的承受者。
trainer教练;trainee 实习生
employer雇主;employee 雇员
interviewer采访者,主持面试者;interviewee 受访者,参加面试者
Ⅲ.1.come my way 2.In the face of 3.took action
4.take a leaf from their book 5.by contrast
Ⅳ.1.It turns out that 2.As was expected; was forced to change 3.On/Upon seeing;Immediately/Directly/Instantly
he saw;The moment/instant/minute he saw
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.that 考查连接词。句意:众所周知,对未来有所计划并不能保证它们会实现。分析句子结构并结合句意可知,设空处后为完整句子,意思完整且不缺少成分,“they will come true”为guarantee的具体内容,由此推断设空处引导同位语从句,故填that。
2.more fortunate 考查形容词比较级。句意:关于这一点,一些人比其他人更幸运。根据空后的than可知,本空应用形容词fortunate的比较级形式。
3.ambition 考查名词。句意:美国作家欧内斯特·海明威生于1899年,从少年时代早期起他的理想就是写作。根据空前的不定冠词an可知本空应用名词单数形式,此处表示“追求的目标,理想”,故填名词ambition。
4.Having set 考查现在分词的完成式。句意:在为自己设定了这个目标之后,他根据他的亲身经历写了长篇小说和短篇小说。句中已有谓语wrote且逗号前后没有连词连接,则设空处应用非谓语动词形式。本空在句中作状语,句子主语he和动词set之间为主动关系,应用现在分词形式,且set表示的动作在wrote表示的动作之前发生,故本空应用现在分词的完成式Having set。
5.won 考查时态。句意:他的小说《老人与海》于1953年获得普利策小说奖。设空处作谓语,根据时间状语in 1953可知,本空应用一般过去时。
6.originally 考查副词。句意:相比之下,阿瑟·柯南·道尔原先是一名医生。本空修饰谓语had worked,应用副词作状语,表示“原来,起初”,故填originally。
7.to 考查介词。句意:在夏洛克·福尔摩斯使道尔成名后,他放弃了医学,全身心地致力于写作。devote oneself to意为“致力于,献身于”,故本空应用介词to。
8.published 考查过去分词。句意:……所以他在1893年出版的一部小说中除掉了这位著名的侦探。本句中so连接前后两个并列分句;so后的分句中已有谓语动词killed且该分句中没有连词,则设空处应用非谓语动词形式。由句意及句子结构可知本空修饰名词novel,novel和publish之间为逻辑上的被动关系,故本空应用过去分词作后置定语。
9.to bring 考查不定式。句意:然而,福尔摩斯的粉丝们如此愤怒以至于道尔被迫使福尔摩斯起死回生。be forced to do sth.意为“被迫做某事”,故本空应用不定式形式。
10.whatever 考查让步状语从句。句意:所以,不管你可能遇到什么困难,向这两位作家学习,为应对意外做好准备。根据语境和句子结构可知设空处引导让步状语从句,表示“无论什么”,根据空后的difficulties可知,本空应用whatever。
Ⅱ.A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了大学生不要为了竞争而盲目选择多个专业,而是要因为热情而去选择多个专业。
1.C 推理判断题。综合第一段第二、三、四句“When someone hears...‘Why ’”可知,人们对作者所学专业的两种反应是“a small smile with the word ‘overachiever’ on the tip of their tongue”和“a look of confusion, followed by an exaggerated(夸张的) ‘Why ’ ”,即赞美和困惑。对比选项可知C项“印象深刻的或困惑的”符合文意,且C项中的puzzled(困惑的)与第一段中的confusion(困惑)对应。故选C。
2.A 细节理解题。结合第二段最后一句“Political Science can be challenging, but to me, it’s fun to read...and see...”和第三段最后一句“What is going to make you impressive is the passion that you have...”可知,是热情使得作者喜欢学习政治学。A项中的“enthusiasm”与第三段最后一句中的“passion”是近义词,也对应第二段最后一句中的fun。故选A。
3.B 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“but if you are double or triply majoring because you think you’re in a race with your peers, you’re only running yourself into the ground”和“Don’t double or triply major if you are doing it for a mark on your résumé(简历) ultimately, because then your life will be a living hell for the next four years.”可知,在作者看来,选择多个专业让大学生们处于糟糕状况中的原因是,他们只是为了跟同龄人竞争。B项中的“out of competitive motivation”是 “in a race with...”和“for a mark on your résumé”的语义转换。故选B。
类比启发 有些题目的正确选项不出现原文中的直接信息,而是借语义转换(同义词/近义词/反义词/同源词)、词性转换、句式转换(如改变语态、正话反说等)、语言简化概括等方法对原文信息进行转述。有时选项与原文语句的表达有较大差异,需要进行分析、对比或整理才能得出答案。
4.D 推理判断题。通过作者选多个专业的事例,再结合第三段最后一句“What is going to make you impressive is the passion that you have—whether it be in your study, your career, or something else...”和最后一段中的“Always think about your ‘why’ when it comes to the schedule double or triple majors entail”和“try to enjoy what you’re doing along the ride for what it’s worth”可知,作者写这篇文章的目的是建议人们要带着热情去选择专业。D项“为了强调热情在主修多专业这件事上的重要性”符合文意,故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.major in 主修 2.unavoidably adv.不可避免地 3.passionate adj.热诚的,狂热的 passion n.热情;热爱;酷爱 4.impact n./v.影响,作用;撞击
【差距词汇】 1.Mechanical Engineering机械工程学 2.triple adj.三部分的;三倍的v.使成三倍;变成三倍triply adv.三部分地;三倍地 3.entail v.牵涉,需要,使必要
长难句 原句 What is going to make you impressive is the passion that you have—whether it is in your study, your career, or something else your study and career will enable you to do.
分析 这是一个主从复合句。“What is going to make you impressive”为What引导的主语从句;“that you have”为that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词the passion;whether...or...引导让步状语从句,其中,something else后是省略that的定语从句。
译文 会让你给别人留下深刻印象的是你所拥有的热情——无论是在你的学习上、在你的职业生涯中,还是在你的学习和职业将使你能够做的其他事情中。
B
◎语篇解读 这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了Cairo从医的过程及其人生目标。
5.D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“After his left leg was blown off, Fahim went to the hospital to seek treatment.(在他的左腿被炸了之后,Fahim 去医院寻求治疗)”、第三段中的“During those visits, the compassionate(有同情心的) treatment from Cairo”及第五段最后一句“Each year...most of whom, like Fahim, require lifetime treatment.(每年,康复中心治疗13,000多名新病人,他们中的大多数人都像Fahim一样,需要终身治疗)”可知,Fahim的左腿被炸了,他需要去医院进行终身治疗。故选D。
易错归因 本题容易根据第三段最后一句“Today Fahim works as a nurse and anesthetist(麻醉师) in a hospital in Afghanistan.”而误选B,根据此句可知Fahim工作的医院与题干所说的医院不是同一家,且根据第三段前两句的描述尤其是其中的countless trips和treatment可知Fahim去喀布尔这家医院是去治疗,而不是去工作,故排除B项。
6.B 细节理解题。根据第四段Cairo所说的话“那时我还是一个少年,当时在意大利我看到一位男士在做一件看似很简单但很有帮助的事情:帮助人们走路。那一刻给我留下了深刻的印象。我最终放弃了我自童年就开始了的追求——律师的培训,选择了医学。”可知,Cairo选择从医是受到他人的助人为乐美德的影响。故选B。
7.D 细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句中Cairo所说的话“我的最终目标是让每位病人回归社会并有尊严地生活”可知,Cairo的最终目标是让患者有尊严地生活。故选D。
8.B 推理判断题。本文主要报道了Cairo从医的经历及其人生目标,讲的是个人的人生经历,因而本文最可能出现在报纸的“人物”板块。故选B。
【高频词汇】 1.by chance偶然,意外地 2.leave a strong impression on给……留下深刻印象 3.focus on集中于,聚焦于 4.expand v.扩大,扩张;扩展,发展 5.disability n.残疾,缺陷 6.leave a lasting impact 留下持久的影响
【熟词生义】 round n.一系列常规活动;惯常的活动the daily round日常活动
长难句 原句 In his early years in Afghanistan, Cairo was shocked by the great number of patients seeking treatment for wounds caused by the war.
分析 本句中“seeking treatment for wounds...”是现在分词短语作定语,修饰patients;“caused by the war”是过去分词短语作定语,修饰wounds。
译文 在阿富汗的前几年,Cairo对因战争受伤而寻求治疗的病人的数量之多感到震惊。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些帮助你在毕业后找到你想要的职业的建议。
1.C 过渡句。根据设空处上文“So how can you make sure your job is the right fit for you (那么,你如何确定你的工作是适合你的呢 )”可知,此处提出了一个问题。结合选项可知C项(这是一个很难回答的棘手的问题)能够承接上文,进一步解释上文提到的问题,C项中的question指代上文提到的问题,且C项能引出下文,幸运的是,你恰恰可以在这里获得一些相关建议,C项中的tough与下文中的Luckily对应,暗含转折意味。故选C。
2.A 主旨句。通读全文可知,文章为总分结构,第二、三、四、五段的第一句为段落主旨句。根据第二段中设空处下文“It is important to understand what ambition you want to achieve in your career. Find out what you like to do by completing a self evaluation. (了解你想在职业生涯中实现什么样的理想是重要的。通过完成自我评估来弄清楚你喜欢做什么)”可知,A项 (知道你想在生活中追求什么)可概括段落内容。故选A。
3.F 细节句。根据本段主旨句“Understand your salary requests.(了解自己的薪资要求)”和设空处下文“This is common”可知,设空处介绍的是薪资方面一种普遍的情况。结合选项可知F项(许多刚毕业的大学生都在竭力寻找一份能得到足够报酬的工作)与本段话题一致,与上下文衔接顺畅,逻辑合理。F项中的pay与上文中的salary为近义词复现。故选F。
4.E 细节句。根据本段主旨句“Set your work life balance needs.(设定工作与生活的平衡需求)”可知,本段主要讲工作与生活的平衡需求。E项(然后找一份能让你有足够时间脱离办公室的工作)符合本段主旨,而且能承接设空处上文内容“Understand how much time you need for the other aspects of life.(了解你需要多少时间给生活的其他方面)”。此处指的是有足够的时间离开办公室才能够保证工作与生活的平衡,故选E。
5.D 细节句。根据本段主旨句“Reach out to the place where you want to work.”可知,本段主要介绍的是主动联系你想工作的地方。结合选项可知,D项(联系那家公司的招聘经理表达你的兴趣)符合本段主旨,而且和下文“You may be surprised that the company may be able to offer you a similar job or the ideal position in the future.(你可能会惊讶未来那家公司也许能为你提供一个类似的工作或理想的职位)”语境相符,衔接连贯。故选D。
【高频词汇】 1.unsatisfying adj.不令人满意的 satisfy v.满足;使满意 2.take...into account 考虑到……
3.pursue v.追求 4.discourage v.使灰心;阻止 5.keep sb. informed of 让某人了解……的最新消息
【熟词生义】 land v.成功得到,赢得
【差距词汇】 1.workforce n.劳动力,劳动大军
2.fulfilling adj.令人心满意足的 3.competence n.能力;胜任 4.adequate adj.足够的
长难句 原句 You may have understood the career you want to pursue, but the only problem is that the company isn’t offering that position.
分析 本句是并列复合句,but连接两个并列分句。在but前的分句中,“you want to pursue”是省略了关系词that或which的定语从句,修饰先行词the career。在but后的分句中,is后面是第一个that引导的表语从句。
译文 你可能已经明白了你想追求的职业,但唯一的问题是该公司不提供那个职位。
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