2024外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步练习--Unit 1 Part 2 Using language（含答案与解析）
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| 名称 | 2024外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步练习--Unit 1 Part 2 Using language（含答案与解析） |  | |
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| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-11-13 23:02:44 | ||
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2024外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步
Part 2 Using language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.These athletes will be likely to become coaches and managers in the future, and drive more (参与) in ice and snow sports.
2.It’s said that people can gain a to most museums free of charge in this city.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.All our suggestions put forward at the meeting were rejected out hand.
2.The festival was celebrated by participating competitive activities and feasting on traditional food, which left a deep impression on all the (participate).
3.I was informed that he had made up his mind (work) as a volunteer in Africa during his gap year.
4. difficulties we may encounter in study, we are determined to overcome them.
Ⅲ.单元语法专练
题型(一)
1.I used to imagine that some day I (become) a renowned tech innovator in the world.
2.Please focus on what you (do) now and try your best to avoid being distracted by small annoying things.
3.I can’t offer you a ride tomorrow morning because I (meet) a friend at the airport then.
4.The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and (remain) around that level ever since. (2020天津)
5.By the time he was fourteen, the boy (establish) a small company of his own.
6.Tom is planning to buy a car and by next month, he (save) enough for a used one.
7.When I entered the hall, the lecture (begin) and the audience (listen) carefully with interest.
8.I (prepare) myself for an exam this whole morning, and I will finish my revision in two hours.
题型(二)
1.这是我第一次离开家人这么长时间。
This is the first time that I for such a long time.
2.到目前为止,我已经发表了10篇学术论文。
, I ten academic papers.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.汽车司机承认向警察撒了谎,而且他应该为事故负责。(admit)
The car driver , and he should be to blame for the accident.
2.写完英文剧本后,我仍然对一些表达感到困惑。(现在分词作状语)
the English script, I still feel confused about some expressions. (2020全国Ⅲ写作)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2022山东肥城期中)
Frequent goodbyes to her family come hand in hand with Wang Yaping’s intensive training. This time, however, her goodbye has sparked joy in her 5 year old daughter’s eyes as she is “shooting for the stars”.
Known for broadcasting a 40 minute live lesson during her first space trip, she drew global attention again during her second space mission.
Wang was born in 1980 into a rural family in Shandong Province. “When I was young, my world was small,” Wang recalled. “My ambition was much more simple: to go beyond the village and to repay all that my parents had given me.”
Her space dream started in 2003 when China sent Yang Liwei into space. “I watched the bright rocket flame on TV, and an idea flashed through my mind: China now has a male taikonaut, and when will there be a female one ” Wang said. After racking up safe flights for 1,600 hours over nine years, Wang became a strong candidate (候选人) for China’s first flight with a female taikonaut. However, she did not pass her final tests and passed up the chance. Wang did not have second thoughts but pushed forward even harder. She always ran three laps more than others in physical courses; she volunteered to be held to the same standards as her male partners during desert survival training, and she asked to train in the pressure chamber for an extra 30 minutes each time. “You can’t catch a break simply for being a woman,” she said.
Her efforts were not in vain. Wang became a crew member of the Shenzhou 10 space mission in 2013. And more notably, she earned the title of China’s first space teacher after giving a lecture to students from an orbit more than 300km above the Earth’s surface.
Liu Cixin, China’s famous sci fi writer and Hugo Award winner, said Wang’s lesson was like a “brush”, which painted a space world for children that is different from Earth.
1.What do we know about Wang Yaping
A.She is the first Chinese woman to enter space.
B.She went to space just for a lecture in 2013.
C.She is the first Chinese to give a lesson in space.
D.She dreamed to repay her hometown as a child.
2.How did Wang Yaping react in the face of failure
A.She was puzzled about her future for a period.
B.She felt down completely under great pressure.
C.She volunteered for heavier tasks than men.
D.She strengthened herself through hard practice.
3.Which of the following can best describe Wang Yaping according to the text
A.Learned and generous. B.Wise and cooperative.
C.Honest and ambitious. D.Determined and hard working.
4.What is the name of the rhetoric device(修辞手法) of Liu Cixin’s words in the last paragraph
A.Simile. B.Quotation. C.Repetition. D.Personification.
Ⅱ.七选五
(2023安徽池州期中)
How to develop personal responsibility
Responsibility makes a man ultimately. It plays a significant role in the satisfaction you get from your personal and professional life. 1 These five strategies will help you start being responsible today.
Be self aware.
Whenever you have second thoughts about your decision or want to make excuses for your behavior, step back and evaluate your emotions from a sensible place. Whether at work or in your personal life, be willing to step up and take on your duty, even if you are afraid of what will happen if things go wrong.
Turn your “shoulds” into “musts”.
2 Start with turning your “shoulds” into “musts”. Our lives are filled with numerous things we “should” do. To turn these goals into “musts”, you can connect them to your purpose in life. Understand that they are essential to your happiness. Make a promise to yourself to live with no regrets.
Set goals.
Setting goals (even small ones) and achieving them allows you to demonstrate that you can hold yourself responsible. 3
Watch your words.
Everyone has an inner monolog (独白) that affects the way we interact with the world. That little voice turns into our behaviors and the words we choose to speak. 4 Next time something goes wrong, notice how you react.
5
Ask a friend to keep you answering for certain goals; this can be especially helpful if you share a common goal. For example, if you’re both training to run a race, check each other to see how the other is doing.
A.Transform your way of thinking.
B.Conduct emotional evaluation.
C.Have a responsible partner.
D.However, many people struggle with it.
E.When you complete goals, take time to celebrate in your own way.
F.Shift your thoughts and think about how to improve yourself.
G.The ability to stop any negative self talk is important to positively engaging with others.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2022吉林辽源期末) For the first fourteen years of my life, I thought science was boring. As far as I could tell, science was a process of memorizing 1 : the order of the planets, the names of clouds, etc. So instead I spent all my spare time reading and writing, and made up my mind to be a 2 . This all 3 in my first year of secondary school, when I met the periodic table(元素周期表) that I found amazing. In the next year, maths also became 4 . So now I had a 5 . I wasn’t so interested in being a writer any more, and I 6 liked maths and science. However, in my school, all the best maths and science students 7 to be doctors; but I wasn’t so excited about 8 things. I needed to weigh up my decision. During this inner 9 , something else was going on: I was becoming interested in the 10 . There was a cool group of students, who’d started an environmental club. Once a week, I 11 with them at club meetings, where we had long discussions. I started to wonder if there was a career path which 12 the environment with maths and science. Then, one day I was chosen to 13 a climate change conference. The speaker talked about many different things and all of them were 14 . It slowly occurred to me that the job called the“scientist”basically 15 you could study whatever you found interesting, and get paid to do so.“Right then,”I thought,“I’ll be a scientist.” 1.A.examples B.rules C.facts D.events 2.A.novelist B.correspondent C.researcher D.detective 3.A.occurred B.improved C.disappeared D.changed 4.A.rare B.interesting C.vital D.unbearable 5.A.schedule B.tendency C.trouble D.decision 6.A.really B.occasionally C.accidentally D.ultimately 7.A.tried out B.got back C.put off D.went on 8.A.physical B.medical C.academic D.mental 9.A.comfort B.participation C.failure D.struggle 10.A.planet B.maths C.environment D.cloud 11.A.walked B.agreed C.played D.stayed 12.A.handled B.preserve C.connected D.equipped 13.A.attend B.close C.monitor D.cancel 14.A.confusing B.amazing C.boring D.relaxing 15.A.meant B.believed C.announced D.found
Part 2 Using language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.participation 2.admission
Ⅱ.1.of 考查介词。句意:我们在会议上提出的所有建议都被彻底否决了。“reject...out of hand”为固定搭配,意为“坚决拒绝,彻底否决”,由句意可知,此处使用的是其被动形式,故填of。
2.in; participants 考查介词和名词。句意:庆祝这个节日的方式是参加竞技活动,尽情享用传统食品,这给所有参与者留下了深刻的印象。participate in为固定搭配,意为“参加,参与”,故第一空填in。根据第二空前的“all the”可知,第二空应用名词复数形式;由句意可知第二空表示“参与者”,故填participants。
3.to work 考查动词不定式。句意:有人跟我说他已经下定决心在间隔年去非洲当一名志愿者。make up one’s mind to do sth.为固定搭配,意为“下定决心做某事”,故填to work。
4.Whatever 考查连词。句意:无论我们可能在学习上遇到什么样的困难,我们都下定决心去克服它们。分析句子结构可知,“ difficulties we may encounter in study”为设空处引导的让步状语从句,结合句意可知,此处要用whatever修饰difficulties,表示“无论什么样的”。设空处位于句首,首字母应大写。
学科思维 whatever在引导状语从句或名词性从句时,如表示“无论什么”,可作主语、宾语、表语等;如表示“无论什么样的”,可作定语,修饰后面的名词。在让步状语从句中,whatever可转换为no matter what。
Ⅲ.题型(一)
1.would become 考查过去将来时。句意:我过去常常想象着某天自己将成为一名世界著名的科技创新者。由主句的谓语动词used和从句的时间状语some day可知,设空处应用过去将来时。
2.are doing 考查现在进行时和主谓一致。句意:请专注于你现在正在做的事情,并尽最大努力避免被令人烦恼的小事分心。结合设空处后面的时间状语now和句意可知,此处要用现在进行时表示正在发生。主语为you,故填are doing。
3.will be meeting 考查将来进行时。句意:我明天上午不能载你一程了,因为那时候我将正在机场迎接一位朋友。because引导的从句的时间状语then指的是tomorrow morning,结合句意可知,本空指的是将来正在做的事,故应用将来进行时。
4.has remained 考查现在完成时和主谓一致。句意:在20世纪90年代初,医学院的数量达到了18所,而且自从那时起就一直保持在那个水平左右。根据句中的时间状语ever since可知应用现在完成时;主语是The number of medical schools,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,故填has remained。
5.had established 考查过去完成时。句意:截止到这个男孩14岁时,他已经建立了一家自己的公司。根据“By the time he was fourteen”可知,本空动作表示“过去的过去”,故应用过去完成时。
6.will have saved 考查将来完成时。句意:汤姆正计划买辆车,而且截止到下个月,他将已经攒够一辆二手车的钱。根据时间状语by next month可知,设空处应用将来完成时。
7.had begun; was/were listening 考查过去完成时和过去进行时及主谓一致。句意:当我进入大厅时,演讲已经开始了,观众们正饶有兴趣地认真聆听。根据句意可知,第一空表示的动作发生在entered之前,为“过去的过去”,应用过去完成时。第二空表示过去的某个时刻正在发生的动作,应用过去进行时;主语为the audience,谓语用单数复数均可。
8.have been preparing 考查现在完成进行时。句意:我今天一上午一直在准备一场考试,我将在两小时后完成复习。由句意可知,准备考试这一动作从过去持续到现在,并要持续下去,因此要用现在完成进行时。
题型(二)
1.have been away from my family 2.So far/By now/Till now/Until now; have published
Ⅳ.1.admitted lying to the police 2.Having written
能力提升练
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了中国女航天员王亚平的故事。她受到中国第一位进入太空的航天员杨利伟的触动,决心成为一名女航天员。虽然遭受了挫折,但她没有放弃,而是更刻苦地训练,最终梦想成真,成为神舟十号航天任务的一名机组成员,并获得了“中国第一位太空教师”的称号。
1.C 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“she earned the title of China’s first space teacher(她获得了‘中国第一位太空教师’的称号)”可知,她是第一位在太空给学生上课的中国人。故选C。
2.D 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Wang did not have second thoughts but pushed forward even harder.”可知,在首次失败后,她没有犹豫,在训练上更加刻苦努力。故选D。
3.D 推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“However, she did not pass her final tests and passed up the chance. Wang did not have second thoughts but pushed forward even harder.”可知,在首次失败后,她没有灰心,而是更加刻苦训练,由此可推知,她是一个意志坚定的人;由第四段中的“She always ran three laps...she volunteered...and she asked to train...each time.”可知,在训练方面她很刻苦努力。D项“坚定且努力的”符合王亚平的主要品质,故选D。A.博学且慷慨的;B.明智且乐意合作的;C.诚实且有雄心的。
4.A 推理判断题。根据文章末段中国著名科幻小说作家、雨果奖得主刘慈欣将王亚平的课比作画笔可知,最后一段使用了明喻的修辞手法。故选A。B.引用;C.重复;D.拟人。
【高频词汇】 1.frequent adj.经常的,频繁的
2.broadcast v.播送;广播;播放 3.mission n.任务
4.flash through one’s mind在某人头脑中闪现
5.volunteer v.自愿做;主动建议 n.志愿者 6.survival n.生存;幸存 7.in vain徒劳 8.earn the title of赢得……的称号
【熟词生义】 hold v.使保持同样程度
【差距词汇】 1.spark v.引发,触发 2.intensive adj.集中的 3.taikonaut n.中国航天员 4.notably adv.尤其;特别
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文,文章主要介绍了如何培养个人责任感。
1.D 过渡句。根据设空处上文可知,责任会塑造一个人,它在你从个人生活和职业生活里获得满足感的过程中发挥着重要作用,即责任很重要。根据设空处下一句及后文的介绍可知,下面是作者给出的帮助你获得责任感的方法策略。设空处与上下文构成的逻辑关系为:责任的重要作用→ 1 →帮助你负责任的五个策略。分析选项可知,D项“然而,许多人对它感到吃力”对上文进行转折,指出虽然责任很重要,但很多人无法很好地承担起责任,同时引出下文介绍的策略,给出解决这个问题的方法,承上启下,符合语境,故选D。
2.A 细节句。根据此部分的小标题“Turn your ‘shoulds’ into ‘musts’.”及设空处下一句“Start with turning your ‘shoulds’ into ‘musts’.(从把‘应该’变成‘必须’开始。)”可知,设空处是关于转变的内容。分析选项可知,A项“转变你的思维方式”符合语境,A项中的“Transform”与下文中的“turning”相照应,且能引出下文的具体做法。故选A。
3.E 细节句。根据此部分的小标题“Set goals.”及设空处上文“设定目标(即使是很小的目标)并实现它们可以让你证明你可以对自己负责。”可知,此部分讲的是与目标相关的策略。分析选项可知,E项(当你完成目标时,花点时间用自己的方式庆祝一下)与此部分话题一致,符合语境,且E项中的“goals”是对上文的复现。故选E。
4.G 细节句。此部分的小标题为“Watch your words.(注意你的言辞。)”,G项(停止任何消极的自我对话的能力对于积极地与他人交往很重要)与此部分话题一致,且G项中的“self talk”与上文的“inner monolog (独白)”和“That little voice”相呼应。故选G。
5.C 主旨句。根据此部分中的“Ask a friend to keep you answering for certain goals; this can be especially helpful if you share a common goal.(让朋友帮你保持对某些目标负责;如果你们有共同的目标,这一点尤其有用。)”可知,本段是建议和他人共同完成目标,分析选项可知,C项(有一个负责任的同伴)符合语境,故选C。
【高频词汇】 1.strategy n.策略 2.evaluate v.评价,评估 evaluation n.评价,评估 3.take on承担 4.be essential to 对……至关重要 5.interact with 与……互动/沟通 6.transform v.转变
【差距词汇】 step back跳出(某事物的)圈子看问题
长难句 原句 Whether at work or in your personal life, be willing to step up and take on your duty, even if you are afraid of what will happen if things go wrong.
分析 本句为主从复合句。主句为祈使句“be willing to step up and take on your duty”,“Whether at work or in your personal life”作状语;even if引导让步状语从句,其中,what引导宾语从句,if引导条件状语从句。
译文 无论在工作中还是你的私人生活中,你要愿意上前一步并承担责任,即使你担心如果事情不顺将会发生什么。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从小到大兴趣爱好的变化过程,由刚开始想要成为小说家,到对数学和科学感兴趣,后来又对环境产生了兴趣,作者经过思考,最后决定成为一名科学家。
1.C 根据空后的“the order of the planets, the names of clouds, etc.”可知,作者认为科学是一个记忆事实(facts)的过程。故选C。A.例子;B.规则;D.事件。故选C。
2.A 根据空前的“I spent all my spare time reading and writing”及第二段中的“I wasn’t so interested in being a writer any more”可知,作者最开始想要成为小说家(novelist)。故选A。B.记者;C.研究员;D.侦探。
3.D 根据第二段中的“I wasn’t so interested in being a writer any more”可知,这一切都变了(changed)。故选D。A.发生;B.提高,改善;C.消失。
4.B 根据空前的“I met the periodic table(元素周期表) that I found amazing”和“maths also became”中的“amazing”和“also”可知此处应填一个和amazing感彩相同的词,再结合下文的“and I 6 liked maths and science”和最后一段中的“I started to wonder if there was a career path which 12 the environment with maths and science.”以及选项可知,此处指作者认为数学也变得有趣(interesting)了。故选B。 下一段中的“I was becoming interested in...”给出了提示,interesting与interested为同根词复现。A.罕见的; C.至关重要的;D.无法忍受的。
5.C 根据设空处后三句内容可知,作者喜欢数学和科学,但作者和学校里最优秀的数学、科学学生志向不同,需要权衡自己的决定,由此可知此处指作者遇到了一个问题(trouble)。故选C。A.时刻表,日程安排;B.趋势,倾向;D.决定。
6.A 根据“I met the periodic table(元素周期表) that I found amazing”“In the next year, maths also became interesting”以及最后一段中的“I started to wonder if there was a career path which 12 the environment with maths and science.”可知,作者确实(really)喜欢数学和科学。故选A。B.偶尔;C.偶然地,意外地;D.最后,最终。
7.D 根据“to be doctors”和“but I wasn’t so excited”可知,所有最优秀的数学和科学学生都要成为医生。A.试用,测试;B.找回;C.推迟;D.继而。此处指学生深造继而成为医生,故选D。
8.B 根据前面的“to be doctors”和“but”可知,作者对医学上的(medical)东西不感兴趣。故选B。A.身体的;C.学术的;D.精神上的。
9.D 作者喜欢数学和科学,所有最优秀的数学和科学学生都要成为医生,但作者对医学不感兴趣,因此作者的内心有挣扎(struggle)。故选D。A.安慰;B.参与;C.失败。
10.C 根据下文的“an environmental club”可知,作者变得对环境(environment)感兴趣。故选C。A.星球;B.数学;D.云。
11.D 根据“where we had long discussions”可知,作者每周都和俱乐部的人待(stayed)在一起开会讨论环境问题。故选D。A.散步;B.同意;C.玩。
12.C 由上文可知作者喜欢环境、数学和科学,根据“the environment with maths and science”可知,作者想要找一条能将环境与数学和科学联系起来(connected)的职业道路。故选C。A.处理;B.保护;D.装备。
13.A 根据“a climate change conference”可知,作者被选中参加(attend)一个气候变化会议。attend a conference参加会议。故选A。B.关闭;C.监视;D.取消。
14.B 根据设空处后两句“It slowly occurred to me that the job called the‘scientist’ basically 15 you could study whatever you found interesting, and get paid to do so. ‘Right then,’ I thought, ‘I’ll be a scientist.’”可知,这次会议给作者带来了重要的积极影响,作者决定要成为一名科学家。再结合选项可推断会议的内容令人惊叹(amazing)。故选B。A.令人困惑的;C.无聊的;D.令人放松的。
15.A 根据下文“you could study whatever you found interesting, and get paid to do so”可知,作者意识到成为科学家基本上意味着(meant)你可以研究任何你感兴趣的东西,并以此获得报酬。故选A。B.相信;C.宣布;D.找到。
【高频词汇】 1.process n.过程 2.environmental adj.环保的;有关环境的 3.career n.职业 4.occur to 被想到;出现在头脑中
长难句 原句 It slowly occurred to me that the job called the “scientist” basically meant you could study whatever you found interesting, and get paid to do so.
分析 本句中It是形式主语,that引导的主语从句是真正的主语。这个主语从句又是一个主从复合句,其中meant后是省略了that的宾语从句。该宾语从句中,whatever引导宾语从句,作study的宾语。
译文 我慢慢想到,“科学家”这份工作基本上意味着你可以研究任何你感兴趣的东西,并以此获得报酬。
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2024外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步
Part 2 Using language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.These athletes will be likely to become coaches and managers in the future, and drive more (参与) in ice and snow sports.
2.It’s said that people can gain a to most museums free of charge in this city.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.All our suggestions put forward at the meeting were rejected out hand.
2.The festival was celebrated by participating competitive activities and feasting on traditional food, which left a deep impression on all the (participate).
3.I was informed that he had made up his mind (work) as a volunteer in Africa during his gap year.
4. difficulties we may encounter in study, we are determined to overcome them.
Ⅲ.单元语法专练
题型(一)
1.I used to imagine that some day I (become) a renowned tech innovator in the world.
2.Please focus on what you (do) now and try your best to avoid being distracted by small annoying things.
3.I can’t offer you a ride tomorrow morning because I (meet) a friend at the airport then.
4.The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and (remain) around that level ever since. (2020天津)
5.By the time he was fourteen, the boy (establish) a small company of his own.
6.Tom is planning to buy a car and by next month, he (save) enough for a used one.
7.When I entered the hall, the lecture (begin) and the audience (listen) carefully with interest.
8.I (prepare) myself for an exam this whole morning, and I will finish my revision in two hours.
题型(二)
1.这是我第一次离开家人这么长时间。
This is the first time that I for such a long time.
2.到目前为止,我已经发表了10篇学术论文。
, I ten academic papers.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.汽车司机承认向警察撒了谎,而且他应该为事故负责。(admit)
The car driver , and he should be to blame for the accident.
2.写完英文剧本后,我仍然对一些表达感到困惑。(现在分词作状语)
the English script, I still feel confused about some expressions. (2020全国Ⅲ写作)
能力提升练
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2022山东肥城期中)
Frequent goodbyes to her family come hand in hand with Wang Yaping’s intensive training. This time, however, her goodbye has sparked joy in her 5 year old daughter’s eyes as she is “shooting for the stars”.
Known for broadcasting a 40 minute live lesson during her first space trip, she drew global attention again during her second space mission.
Wang was born in 1980 into a rural family in Shandong Province. “When I was young, my world was small,” Wang recalled. “My ambition was much more simple: to go beyond the village and to repay all that my parents had given me.”
Her space dream started in 2003 when China sent Yang Liwei into space. “I watched the bright rocket flame on TV, and an idea flashed through my mind: China now has a male taikonaut, and when will there be a female one ” Wang said. After racking up safe flights for 1,600 hours over nine years, Wang became a strong candidate (候选人) for China’s first flight with a female taikonaut. However, she did not pass her final tests and passed up the chance. Wang did not have second thoughts but pushed forward even harder. She always ran three laps more than others in physical courses; she volunteered to be held to the same standards as her male partners during desert survival training, and she asked to train in the pressure chamber for an extra 30 minutes each time. “You can’t catch a break simply for being a woman,” she said.
Her efforts were not in vain. Wang became a crew member of the Shenzhou 10 space mission in 2013. And more notably, she earned the title of China’s first space teacher after giving a lecture to students from an orbit more than 300km above the Earth’s surface.
Liu Cixin, China’s famous sci fi writer and Hugo Award winner, said Wang’s lesson was like a “brush”, which painted a space world for children that is different from Earth.
1.What do we know about Wang Yaping
A.She is the first Chinese woman to enter space.
B.She went to space just for a lecture in 2013.
C.She is the first Chinese to give a lesson in space.
D.She dreamed to repay her hometown as a child.
2.How did Wang Yaping react in the face of failure
A.She was puzzled about her future for a period.
B.She felt down completely under great pressure.
C.She volunteered for heavier tasks than men.
D.She strengthened herself through hard practice.
3.Which of the following can best describe Wang Yaping according to the text
A.Learned and generous. B.Wise and cooperative.
C.Honest and ambitious. D.Determined and hard working.
4.What is the name of the rhetoric device(修辞手法) of Liu Cixin’s words in the last paragraph
A.Simile. B.Quotation. C.Repetition. D.Personification.
Ⅱ.七选五
(2023安徽池州期中)
How to develop personal responsibility
Responsibility makes a man ultimately. It plays a significant role in the satisfaction you get from your personal and professional life. 1 These five strategies will help you start being responsible today.
Be self aware.
Whenever you have second thoughts about your decision or want to make excuses for your behavior, step back and evaluate your emotions from a sensible place. Whether at work or in your personal life, be willing to step up and take on your duty, even if you are afraid of what will happen if things go wrong.
Turn your “shoulds” into “musts”.
2 Start with turning your “shoulds” into “musts”. Our lives are filled with numerous things we “should” do. To turn these goals into “musts”, you can connect them to your purpose in life. Understand that they are essential to your happiness. Make a promise to yourself to live with no regrets.
Set goals.
Setting goals (even small ones) and achieving them allows you to demonstrate that you can hold yourself responsible. 3
Watch your words.
Everyone has an inner monolog (独白) that affects the way we interact with the world. That little voice turns into our behaviors and the words we choose to speak. 4 Next time something goes wrong, notice how you react.
5
Ask a friend to keep you answering for certain goals; this can be especially helpful if you share a common goal. For example, if you’re both training to run a race, check each other to see how the other is doing.
A.Transform your way of thinking.
B.Conduct emotional evaluation.
C.Have a responsible partner.
D.However, many people struggle with it.
E.When you complete goals, take time to celebrate in your own way.
F.Shift your thoughts and think about how to improve yourself.
G.The ability to stop any negative self talk is important to positively engaging with others.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2022吉林辽源期末) For the first fourteen years of my life, I thought science was boring. As far as I could tell, science was a process of memorizing 1 : the order of the planets, the names of clouds, etc. So instead I spent all my spare time reading and writing, and made up my mind to be a 2 . This all 3 in my first year of secondary school, when I met the periodic table(元素周期表) that I found amazing. In the next year, maths also became 4 . So now I had a 5 . I wasn’t so interested in being a writer any more, and I 6 liked maths and science. However, in my school, all the best maths and science students 7 to be doctors; but I wasn’t so excited about 8 things. I needed to weigh up my decision. During this inner 9 , something else was going on: I was becoming interested in the 10 . There was a cool group of students, who’d started an environmental club. Once a week, I 11 with them at club meetings, where we had long discussions. I started to wonder if there was a career path which 12 the environment with maths and science. Then, one day I was chosen to 13 a climate change conference. The speaker talked about many different things and all of them were 14 . It slowly occurred to me that the job called the“scientist”basically 15 you could study whatever you found interesting, and get paid to do so.“Right then,”I thought,“I’ll be a scientist.” 1.A.examples B.rules C.facts D.events 2.A.novelist B.correspondent C.researcher D.detective 3.A.occurred B.improved C.disappeared D.changed 4.A.rare B.interesting C.vital D.unbearable 5.A.schedule B.tendency C.trouble D.decision 6.A.really B.occasionally C.accidentally D.ultimately 7.A.tried out B.got back C.put off D.went on 8.A.physical B.medical C.academic D.mental 9.A.comfort B.participation C.failure D.struggle 10.A.planet B.maths C.environment D.cloud 11.A.walked B.agreed C.played D.stayed 12.A.handled B.preserve C.connected D.equipped 13.A.attend B.close C.monitor D.cancel 14.A.confusing B.amazing C.boring D.relaxing 15.A.meant B.believed C.announced D.found
Part 2 Using language
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.participation 2.admission
Ⅱ.1.of 考查介词。句意:我们在会议上提出的所有建议都被彻底否决了。“reject...out of hand”为固定搭配,意为“坚决拒绝,彻底否决”,由句意可知,此处使用的是其被动形式,故填of。
2.in; participants 考查介词和名词。句意:庆祝这个节日的方式是参加竞技活动,尽情享用传统食品,这给所有参与者留下了深刻的印象。participate in为固定搭配,意为“参加,参与”,故第一空填in。根据第二空前的“all the”可知,第二空应用名词复数形式;由句意可知第二空表示“参与者”,故填participants。
3.to work 考查动词不定式。句意:有人跟我说他已经下定决心在间隔年去非洲当一名志愿者。make up one’s mind to do sth.为固定搭配,意为“下定决心做某事”,故填to work。
4.Whatever 考查连词。句意:无论我们可能在学习上遇到什么样的困难,我们都下定决心去克服它们。分析句子结构可知,“ difficulties we may encounter in study”为设空处引导的让步状语从句,结合句意可知,此处要用whatever修饰difficulties,表示“无论什么样的”。设空处位于句首,首字母应大写。
学科思维 whatever在引导状语从句或名词性从句时,如表示“无论什么”,可作主语、宾语、表语等;如表示“无论什么样的”,可作定语,修饰后面的名词。在让步状语从句中,whatever可转换为no matter what。
Ⅲ.题型(一)
1.would become 考查过去将来时。句意:我过去常常想象着某天自己将成为一名世界著名的科技创新者。由主句的谓语动词used和从句的时间状语some day可知,设空处应用过去将来时。
2.are doing 考查现在进行时和主谓一致。句意:请专注于你现在正在做的事情,并尽最大努力避免被令人烦恼的小事分心。结合设空处后面的时间状语now和句意可知,此处要用现在进行时表示正在发生。主语为you,故填are doing。
3.will be meeting 考查将来进行时。句意:我明天上午不能载你一程了,因为那时候我将正在机场迎接一位朋友。because引导的从句的时间状语then指的是tomorrow morning,结合句意可知,本空指的是将来正在做的事,故应用将来进行时。
4.has remained 考查现在完成时和主谓一致。句意:在20世纪90年代初,医学院的数量达到了18所,而且自从那时起就一直保持在那个水平左右。根据句中的时间状语ever since可知应用现在完成时;主语是The number of medical schools,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式,故填has remained。
5.had established 考查过去完成时。句意:截止到这个男孩14岁时,他已经建立了一家自己的公司。根据“By the time he was fourteen”可知,本空动作表示“过去的过去”,故应用过去完成时。
6.will have saved 考查将来完成时。句意:汤姆正计划买辆车,而且截止到下个月,他将已经攒够一辆二手车的钱。根据时间状语by next month可知,设空处应用将来完成时。
7.had begun; was/were listening 考查过去完成时和过去进行时及主谓一致。句意:当我进入大厅时,演讲已经开始了,观众们正饶有兴趣地认真聆听。根据句意可知,第一空表示的动作发生在entered之前,为“过去的过去”,应用过去完成时。第二空表示过去的某个时刻正在发生的动作,应用过去进行时;主语为the audience,谓语用单数复数均可。
8.have been preparing 考查现在完成进行时。句意:我今天一上午一直在准备一场考试,我将在两小时后完成复习。由句意可知,准备考试这一动作从过去持续到现在,并要持续下去,因此要用现在完成进行时。
题型(二)
1.have been away from my family 2.So far/By now/Till now/Until now; have published
Ⅳ.1.admitted lying to the police 2.Having written
能力提升练
Ⅰ.◎语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了中国女航天员王亚平的故事。她受到中国第一位进入太空的航天员杨利伟的触动,决心成为一名女航天员。虽然遭受了挫折,但她没有放弃,而是更刻苦地训练,最终梦想成真,成为神舟十号航天任务的一名机组成员,并获得了“中国第一位太空教师”的称号。
1.C 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“she earned the title of China’s first space teacher(她获得了‘中国第一位太空教师’的称号)”可知,她是第一位在太空给学生上课的中国人。故选C。
2.D 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Wang did not have second thoughts but pushed forward even harder.”可知,在首次失败后,她没有犹豫,在训练上更加刻苦努力。故选D。
3.D 推理判断题。根据文章第四段中的“However, she did not pass her final tests and passed up the chance. Wang did not have second thoughts but pushed forward even harder.”可知,在首次失败后,她没有灰心,而是更加刻苦训练,由此可推知,她是一个意志坚定的人;由第四段中的“She always ran three laps...she volunteered...and she asked to train...each time.”可知,在训练方面她很刻苦努力。D项“坚定且努力的”符合王亚平的主要品质,故选D。A.博学且慷慨的;B.明智且乐意合作的;C.诚实且有雄心的。
4.A 推理判断题。根据文章末段中国著名科幻小说作家、雨果奖得主刘慈欣将王亚平的课比作画笔可知,最后一段使用了明喻的修辞手法。故选A。B.引用;C.重复;D.拟人。
【高频词汇】 1.frequent adj.经常的,频繁的
2.broadcast v.播送;广播;播放 3.mission n.任务
4.flash through one’s mind在某人头脑中闪现
5.volunteer v.自愿做;主动建议 n.志愿者 6.survival n.生存;幸存 7.in vain徒劳 8.earn the title of赢得……的称号
【熟词生义】 hold v.使保持同样程度
【差距词汇】 1.spark v.引发,触发 2.intensive adj.集中的 3.taikonaut n.中国航天员 4.notably adv.尤其;特别
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文,文章主要介绍了如何培养个人责任感。
1.D 过渡句。根据设空处上文可知,责任会塑造一个人,它在你从个人生活和职业生活里获得满足感的过程中发挥着重要作用,即责任很重要。根据设空处下一句及后文的介绍可知,下面是作者给出的帮助你获得责任感的方法策略。设空处与上下文构成的逻辑关系为:责任的重要作用→ 1 →帮助你负责任的五个策略。分析选项可知,D项“然而,许多人对它感到吃力”对上文进行转折,指出虽然责任很重要,但很多人无法很好地承担起责任,同时引出下文介绍的策略,给出解决这个问题的方法,承上启下,符合语境,故选D。
2.A 细节句。根据此部分的小标题“Turn your ‘shoulds’ into ‘musts’.”及设空处下一句“Start with turning your ‘shoulds’ into ‘musts’.(从把‘应该’变成‘必须’开始。)”可知,设空处是关于转变的内容。分析选项可知,A项“转变你的思维方式”符合语境,A项中的“Transform”与下文中的“turning”相照应,且能引出下文的具体做法。故选A。
3.E 细节句。根据此部分的小标题“Set goals.”及设空处上文“设定目标(即使是很小的目标)并实现它们可以让你证明你可以对自己负责。”可知,此部分讲的是与目标相关的策略。分析选项可知,E项(当你完成目标时,花点时间用自己的方式庆祝一下)与此部分话题一致,符合语境,且E项中的“goals”是对上文的复现。故选E。
4.G 细节句。此部分的小标题为“Watch your words.(注意你的言辞。)”,G项(停止任何消极的自我对话的能力对于积极地与他人交往很重要)与此部分话题一致,且G项中的“self talk”与上文的“inner monolog (独白)”和“That little voice”相呼应。故选G。
5.C 主旨句。根据此部分中的“Ask a friend to keep you answering for certain goals; this can be especially helpful if you share a common goal.(让朋友帮你保持对某些目标负责;如果你们有共同的目标,这一点尤其有用。)”可知,本段是建议和他人共同完成目标,分析选项可知,C项(有一个负责任的同伴)符合语境,故选C。
【高频词汇】 1.strategy n.策略 2.evaluate v.评价,评估 evaluation n.评价,评估 3.take on承担 4.be essential to 对……至关重要 5.interact with 与……互动/沟通 6.transform v.转变
【差距词汇】 step back跳出(某事物的)圈子看问题
长难句 原句 Whether at work or in your personal life, be willing to step up and take on your duty, even if you are afraid of what will happen if things go wrong.
分析 本句为主从复合句。主句为祈使句“be willing to step up and take on your duty”,“Whether at work or in your personal life”作状语;even if引导让步状语从句,其中,what引导宾语从句,if引导条件状语从句。
译文 无论在工作中还是你的私人生活中,你要愿意上前一步并承担责任,即使你担心如果事情不顺将会发生什么。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从小到大兴趣爱好的变化过程,由刚开始想要成为小说家,到对数学和科学感兴趣,后来又对环境产生了兴趣,作者经过思考,最后决定成为一名科学家。
1.C 根据空后的“the order of the planets, the names of clouds, etc.”可知,作者认为科学是一个记忆事实(facts)的过程。故选C。A.例子;B.规则;D.事件。故选C。
2.A 根据空前的“I spent all my spare time reading and writing”及第二段中的“I wasn’t so interested in being a writer any more”可知,作者最开始想要成为小说家(novelist)。故选A。B.记者;C.研究员;D.侦探。
3.D 根据第二段中的“I wasn’t so interested in being a writer any more”可知,这一切都变了(changed)。故选D。A.发生;B.提高,改善;C.消失。
4.B 根据空前的“I met the periodic table(元素周期表) that I found amazing”和“maths also became”中的“amazing”和“also”可知此处应填一个和amazing感彩相同的词,再结合下文的“and I 6 liked maths and science”和最后一段中的“I started to wonder if there was a career path which 12 the environment with maths and science.”以及选项可知,此处指作者认为数学也变得有趣(interesting)了。故选B。 下一段中的“I was becoming interested in...”给出了提示,interesting与interested为同根词复现。A.罕见的; C.至关重要的;D.无法忍受的。
5.C 根据设空处后三句内容可知,作者喜欢数学和科学,但作者和学校里最优秀的数学、科学学生志向不同,需要权衡自己的决定,由此可知此处指作者遇到了一个问题(trouble)。故选C。A.时刻表,日程安排;B.趋势,倾向;D.决定。
6.A 根据“I met the periodic table(元素周期表) that I found amazing”“In the next year, maths also became interesting”以及最后一段中的“I started to wonder if there was a career path which 12 the environment with maths and science.”可知,作者确实(really)喜欢数学和科学。故选A。B.偶尔;C.偶然地,意外地;D.最后,最终。
7.D 根据“to be doctors”和“but I wasn’t so excited”可知,所有最优秀的数学和科学学生都要成为医生。A.试用,测试;B.找回;C.推迟;D.继而。此处指学生深造继而成为医生,故选D。
8.B 根据前面的“to be doctors”和“but”可知,作者对医学上的(medical)东西不感兴趣。故选B。A.身体的;C.学术的;D.精神上的。
9.D 作者喜欢数学和科学,所有最优秀的数学和科学学生都要成为医生,但作者对医学不感兴趣,因此作者的内心有挣扎(struggle)。故选D。A.安慰;B.参与;C.失败。
10.C 根据下文的“an environmental club”可知,作者变得对环境(environment)感兴趣。故选C。A.星球;B.数学;D.云。
11.D 根据“where we had long discussions”可知,作者每周都和俱乐部的人待(stayed)在一起开会讨论环境问题。故选D。A.散步;B.同意;C.玩。
12.C 由上文可知作者喜欢环境、数学和科学,根据“the environment with maths and science”可知,作者想要找一条能将环境与数学和科学联系起来(connected)的职业道路。故选C。A.处理;B.保护;D.装备。
13.A 根据“a climate change conference”可知,作者被选中参加(attend)一个气候变化会议。attend a conference参加会议。故选A。B.关闭;C.监视;D.取消。
14.B 根据设空处后两句“It slowly occurred to me that the job called the‘scientist’ basically 15 you could study whatever you found interesting, and get paid to do so. ‘Right then,’ I thought, ‘I’ll be a scientist.’”可知,这次会议给作者带来了重要的积极影响,作者决定要成为一名科学家。再结合选项可推断会议的内容令人惊叹(amazing)。故选B。A.令人困惑的;C.无聊的;D.令人放松的。
15.A 根据下文“you could study whatever you found interesting, and get paid to do so”可知,作者意识到成为科学家基本上意味着(meant)你可以研究任何你感兴趣的东西,并以此获得报酬。故选A。B.相信;C.宣布;D.找到。
【高频词汇】 1.process n.过程 2.environmental adj.环保的;有关环境的 3.career n.职业 4.occur to 被想到;出现在头脑中
长难句 原句 It slowly occurred to me that the job called the “scientist” basically meant you could study whatever you found interesting, and get paid to do so.
分析 本句中It是形式主语,that引导的主语从句是真正的主语。这个主语从句又是一个主从复合句,其中meant后是省略了that的宾语从句。该宾语从句中,whatever引导宾语从句,作study的宾语。
译文 我慢慢想到,“科学家”这份工作基本上意味着你可以研究任何你感兴趣的东西,并以此获得报酬。
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