2024外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步练习--Unit 2 Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas（含答案与解析）
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2024外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步
Unit 2 Lessons in life
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.The new technology has (/ wa dspred/) application in detective stories.
2.Once we discover any (不正常的) phenomenon in management, we should take action to change the situation.
3.He was praised as a thoughtful lecturer because he had (预料) the audience’s needs before he made the lecture.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed nearly beyond (recognize).
2.Checking one’s mobile phone is regarded as a (distract) while working or studying, which may be considered impolite while having dinner with others.
3.Hardly is she pessimistic life, because she is convinced that what really matters is how to overcome the difficulties.
4.When you get out of a taxi, make sure that none of your (possess) are left behind.
5. (normal), giant pandas have a life span of 18 to 20 years in the wild, and up to 37 years in the breeding base.
6.Nowadays, the term “Dazi (搭子)” (view) as a new kind of social connection with the aim of pursuing shared interests.
7.The naughty little boy broke the vase by chance, but he behaved as if nothing (happen).
Ⅲ.选词填空
be reunited with; a pleasant surprise; point of view; get distracted by; lose touch with; live life to the full
The old man was taken abroad as a child and unfortunately 1. his family later. Although he worked hard and 2. , he 3. homesickness. With numerous efforts, finally he got in touch with his family again and decided to go back home. From my 4. , it was 5. that he 6. his family soon.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.如果一名学生在某一科目薄弱的话,他的整体学业水平将会被这一劣势削弱。(weak)
If one student some subject, his overall academic achievement will this .
2.We all recognize that environmental pollution is one of the most serious problems that people are facing now. (句型转换)
→ environmental pollution is one of the most serious problems that people are facing now.
→Environmental pollution one of the most serious problems that people are facing now.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Although Mitch is 1 promising sports journalist, he still feels there is something missing from his life. However, this all changes when he 2 (reunite) with his favourite professor, Morrie. The moment he learns that Morrie is being weakened by a severe illness, Mitch starts visiting him at his house every Tuesday. The 3 (week) conversations between them turn out to be a series of lessons on the meaning of life and how best to live it.
The following are four readers’ reviews of the book Tuesdays with Morrie.
Arthur K:Indeed, it’s a pleasant surprise 4 (find) that this book is full of joy and hope. I am inspired by Morrie’s bravery towards the end of his life, which has made me value my own life more. 5 Morrie says, “Once you learn how to die, you learn how to live.”
Amy Wang: While 6 (live), we tend to get distracted by unimportant things, such as gathering material 7 (possession). What we should do is find out 8 is important in our lives and establish our own values. Reading this book made me feel as if I’d been woken up from a long sleep and finally opened my eyes to the world!
Marty:Receiving widespread 9 (recognize), this book did teach me a lesson or two.
Vivian: One of the lessons of the book is to keep in touch 10 the good people we meet as we go through life.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
(2022天津和平区期末)
I was out of work, doing nothing but pass the time when I came across an advertisement by which you could apply to be a volunteer in a blood donation camp. When I was in college, I tried to donate blood for several times, but I failed because I was underweight. After that it never occurred to me to donate blood again, so the ad caught my attention. I dialed the number and volunteered for it.
It was fun volunteering for it. The blood donation camp was set up every three months, so I used to go out and meet new and old donors. It was a sort of picnic for me till one day a teenage girl came up to the camp.
“Hello! Um, I’m suffering from hemolytic anemia(溶血性贫血), so I just want to know if there is an arrangement in the camp for plasma (血浆) donors,” she asked.
To be frank, I could not even catch what she was suffering from, but I was sure I heard “anemia”. Though a layman in biology, at least I knew “anemia” had something to do with a deficiency(缺乏) of blood in a person. I recalled all the key points of my biology classes just not to make a fool of myself there but still said, “I’m sorry I didn’t get your question. What are you suffering from ”
“I’m suffering from hemolytic anemia. It is a disorder where the red blood cells are destroyed, and their lifespan is abnormal later. In every 120 days, I undergo a blood transfusion,” she replied.
“Oh, I’m sorry, but clearly you need blood in your body. Then why do you...”
She smiled and interrupted me, “I just want to donate the plasma. You know, it is because of people like you that I’m able to stand here. Everything I do is a gift from people who donate blood. I’m so grateful to all of you and I also want to participate in saving lives. I want to donate plasma in case there is someone who needs a transfusion of plasma.”
I was speechless. I had never taken blood donation seriously. For me, it was just a day of fun, laughing with others and eating free ice cream. Here I was standing before a person who was sick but still willing to help others. So I urge everyone to donate blood as much as they can. It saves lives in despair! It truly does!
1.Why did the advertisement appeal to the author
A.She had never managed to donate blood before.
B.She needed to do something for a living.
C.She wanted to help more people in need.
D.She thought it interesting to do the work.
2.What does the underlined word “layman” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A.Genius.
B.Beginner.
C.Expert.
D.Nonprofessional person.
3.What was the purpose of the girl’s plasma donation
A.To call on more people to donate blood.
B.To give back to society for saving her life.
C.To help those having financial difficulties.
D.To reduce the number of blood transfusions.
4.Which of the following best shows the author’s emotional changes when talking with the girl
A.Worried→grateful.
B.Confused→ashamed.
C.Amused→regretful.
D.Annoyed→embarrassed.
Ⅲ.七选五
(2023湖北鄂东南三校联考期中)
Dr. Esther Ngumbi, now a professor of Entomology (昆虫学) at the University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, was born in a rural farming community along the Kenyan Coast. 1 There were no societal role models to inspire girls to reach for the stars. Luckily, her parents were teachers and struggled to raise enough money to pay for their children’s school fees.
Her parents would go to town to get their pay checks, but eat nothing before coming back in the evening, hungry and tired. She knew that they were able to buy food in town, but they chose not to spend money on themselves so that Esther and her brothers and sisters could go to school. 2 It inspired her to pursue her academic career goals and fight against challenges however tough they seemed.
3 She went through high school and eventually college and attained a Bachelor and Master of Science at Kenyatta University. On a beautiful summer day of August 6, 2011, she attained what at times seemed to be an absurd dream: a PhD in Entomology from Auburn University. 4
She cried on her graduation day as she thought of her community in Kenya and many girls in her community. 5 It was during that day that she told herself she would do everything she needed to do, and give the girls more opportunities to break down the poverty barrier, be educated, and achieve great things.
It’s transparent that she has devoted all of her passion, efforts, heart and resources to bringing sustainable change in her community and she has become a role model for girls in her community.
A.This had a powerful effect on her.
B.Education for girls was considered unimportant there.
C.Once she started to do experiments in the lab, she was devoted to them.
D.She became the first woman in her community to obtain a PhD degree.
E.She was a real leader for many young African girls in similar situations.
F.They had the potential to be a scientist too, but just lacked the opportunity.
G.She studied hard and gained a lot, hoping she could help her family and community.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Unit 2 Lessons in life
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.widespread 2.abnormal 3.anticipated
Ⅱ.1.recognition 考查名词。句意:从Sara很小的时候起,我就没见过她,她已经变得让人几乎认不出来了。根据空前的介词beyond可知设空处应用名词。change beyond recognition为固定搭配,意为“变得让人认不出来”。故填recognition。
2.distraction 考查名词。句意:在工作或学习时查看自己的手机被认为是一件让人分心的事,在与别人一起吃饭时看手机可能会被认为是不礼貌的。根据设空处前面的冠词a可知此处应用名词单数形式,由语境可知此处表示“使人分心的事”,故填distraction。
3.about 考查介词。句意:她几乎不会对生活感到悲观,因为她坚信真正重要的是如何克服困难。由句意可知,此处使用的是固定搭配“be pessimistic about”,表示“对……悲观”。故填about。
4.possessions 考查名词。句意:下出租车时,你要确保你的东西一件都没有落下。根据空前的形容词性物主代词your可知设空处应用名词。根据句意可知设空处的意思为“所有物”,应用名词possession。possession意为“所有物”时是可数名词,根据空后的are可知应用复数形式。故填possessions。
5.Normally 考查副词。句意:通常,野外大熊猫的寿命是15年到20年,在繁育基地的可活到37岁。设空处修饰整个句子,应用副词作状语,由语境可知设空处表示“通常”,故填Normally。
6.is viewed 考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意:如今,“搭子”这个词被视为一种新型的以追求共同兴趣为目的的社交关系。根据时间状语Nowadays及语境可知,应用一般现在时表示一般情况;be viewed as...为固定搭配,意为“被视为……”,则the term “Dazi”与view之间为被动关系,应用被动语态;主语为第三人称单数形式,谓语也应用第三人称单数形式。故填is viewed。
7.had happened 考查虚拟语气。句意:那个淘气的小男孩意外打碎了花瓶,但他表现得好像什么事都没发生一样。由句意可知,as if引导的方式状语从句要用虚拟语气,表示不是真实的情况;由behaved及语境可知表示对过去事情的虚拟,从句要用过去完成时。故填had happened。
Ⅲ.1.lost touch with 2.lived life to the full 3.got distracted by 4.point of view 5.a pleasant surprise
6.would be reunited with
Ⅳ.1.is weak in; be weakened by; weakness
2.It is recognized that;is recognized as
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.a 考查冠词。journalist为可数名词,根据空后的“promising sports journalist”及句子结构可知此处应填冠词。由语境可知,此处表示“一位……的记者”,表泛指,应用不定冠词,且promising以辅音音素开头,故填a。
2.is reunited 考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句中when引导时间状语从句,设空处作从句的谓语。由主句中的changes及语境可知从句也应用一般现在时;be reunited with为固定搭配,意为“与……重聚”,由此可知从句主语he与reunite之间为被动关系,应用被动语态,且主语为第三人称单数形式,故填is reunited。
3.weekly 考查形容词。根据空后的名词conversations可知设空处应用形容词作定语修饰名词,此处表示“每周的”,故填weekly。
4.to find 考查动词不定式。分析句子结构可知,此句使用了“it is+n.+to do sth.”结构,其中it为形式主语,不定式短语作真正的主语,设空处应用动词不定式,故填to find。
5.As 考查关系代词。分析句子结构可知,设空处作非限制性定语从句的引导词,表示“正如”,故填As。
6.living 考查现在分词。分析句子结构可知,“While 6 ”为状语从句的省略形式,还原后为“While we are living”,此处省略了主语we和be动词,故填living。
7.possessions 考查名词的数。根据空前的形容词material可知设空处应用名词,作gathering的宾语。possession表示“财产,财物”时为可数名词且常用复数形式,且其前没有冠词等限定词,故填possessions。
8.what 考查连接代词。句意:弄清楚在我们的生活中什么是重要的并且建立我们自己的价值观,这是我们应该做的事。分析句子结构可知,“ 8 is important in our lives”是设空处引导的宾语从句,作find out的宾语,且从句缺少主语,结合句意可知设空处表示“什么”,应用连接代词what。
9.recognition 考查名词。根据空前的形容词widespread可知,设空处应用名词作Receiving的宾语,表示“认可”,故填名词recognition。
10.with 考查介词。keep in touch with与……保持联系。故填with。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者开始献血时只是觉得这是一件有趣的事,直到有一天见到一个患有溶血性贫血的女孩,她经常接受输血,却来捐献血浆,回报社会,作者开始重新看待输血的意义。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When I was in college, I tried to donate blood for several times, but I failed...so the ad caught my attention.”可知,作者之前一直没有献血成功,所以这次看到这则广告,作者产生了兴趣。故选A。
2.D 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“Though” 可知,“Though a layman in biology”和“at least I knew ‘anemia’ had something to do with a deficiency(缺乏) of blood in a person”之间是转折关系,由此推测此处表示“尽管我是生物上的 ,但至少我知道‘贫血’与人的血液缺乏有关”。由此可推断,作者对这种病及相关术语不是很了解,对生物学知识不熟悉, D项(非专业人士)与之语境相符。故选D。layman意为“门外汉,外行”。
3.B 推理判断题。根据倒数第四段和倒数第二段女孩所说的话可知,这个女孩经常接受输血,她自己想捐献血浆来感谢献血的人们,回报社会。故选B。
4.B 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“哦,对不起,但很明显你的身体需要血液。那你为什么……”可知,作者一开始对女孩的做法是感到困惑的(confused)。根据最后一段可知,通过和女孩交谈,作者明白了献血真的可以救人性命,并为自己以前没有认真对待献血这件事感到惭愧(ashamed)。故选B。
【高频词汇】 1.donation n.捐献 donate v.献(血);捐献(器官) 2.to be frank坦白说 3.recall v.回忆起;记起
4.disorder n.失调;紊乱 5.lifespan n.寿命;有效期
6.appeal to吸引;呼吁
【差距词汇】 1.undergo v.经历,经受
2.blood transfusion n.输血
长难句 原句 I was out of work, doing nothing but pass the time when I came across an advertisement by which you could apply to be a volunteer in a blood donation camp.
分析 when是并列连词,在句中表示“(正在……)在那时”;“by which...donation camp”为by which引导的定语从句,修饰 an advertisement。
译文 我失业了,无所事事打发时间时,偶然看到一则广告,上面写着你可以申请成为献血营的志愿者。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文,文章主要讲述了肯尼亚女孩Esther Ngumbi在艰苦的条件下努力获得了奥本大学昆虫学博士学位,并全心投入到为她的社区带来可持续的变化的工作中,成为社区女孩的榜样的故事。
1.B 细节句。根据设空处上文“Dr. Esther Ngumbi... was born in a rural farming community”和下文“There were no societal role models to inspire girls to reach for the stars.”可知,Esther出生在一个农村的农业社区,没有社会上的榜样来激励那里的女孩们去勇攀高峰,实现自己的梦想。结合选项可知B项“那里对女孩的教育并不看重”与上下文话题一致,符合语境,其中there指代上文中的“a rural farming community”,girls、unimportant与下文中的“no societal role models to inspire girls to reach for the stars”相呼应。故选B。
2.A 细节句。根据空前内容“她知道他们有能力在城里买食物,但他们选择不把钱花在自己身上,这样Esther和她的兄弟姐妹就可以上学了”及空后内容“这激励她追求自己的学术生涯目标,并与无论看起来多么艰难的挑战作斗争”可知,上文Esther父母的行为对Esther产生了积极的影响,A项“这(样的做法)对她产生了极大的影响”符合语境,其中“This”指代Esther父母的做法。故选A。
3.G 主旨句。根据设空处下文“她读完了高中,最后上了大学,并在肯雅塔大学获得了科学学士和硕士学位”以及后两段中提到她打算帮助她的社区和社区的女孩并真的这样做了可推断,G项“她努力学习并收获了很多,希望可以帮助她的家庭和社区”符合语境,且能概括下文。故选G。
4.D 细节句。根据设空处上文“2011年8月6日,一个美丽的夏日,她获得了奥本大学昆虫学博士学位……”可知,Esther获得了奥本大学昆虫学博士学位,D项“她成为她的社区第一个获得博士学位的女性”承接上文,符合语境。故选D。
5.F 细节句。设空处上文提到“毕业那天,当她想到她在肯尼亚的社区和社区里的许多女孩时,她哭了。”;根据设空处下文中的“she would do everything she needed to do”和“give the girls more opportunities to break down the poverty barrier, be educated, and achieve great things”可知,她要帮助社区的女孩们,给她们更多打破贫穷的障碍、接受教育、获得伟大成就的机会。设空处上下文都提到了社区的女孩们,由此推测设空处是关于那些女孩的情况。F项“她们也同样有潜力成为科学家,但只是缺少机会”符合语境,说这些女孩缺少机会,这是下文Esther下定决心给那些女孩更多机会的原因,上下文衔接顺畅。F项中的They指代上文的“many girls”,opportunity与下文中的“more opportunities”相照应。故选F。
【高频词汇】 1.raise money筹钱 2.pursue v.追求,致力于;继续探讨;追逐 3.academic adj.学业的,学术的an academic career学术生涯 4.tough adj.艰难的,艰苦的,棘手的;坚韧不拔的 5.break down the barrier 打破壁垒 6.devote...to... 致力于,献身于 7.sustainable adj.可持续的 8.have an effect on...对……有影响
9.obtain a...degree获得……学位
【差距词汇】 1.societal adj.社会的,关于社会的
2.reach for the stars有九天揽月之志;努力完成壮举
长难句 原句 It was during that day that she told herself she would do everything she needed to do, and give the girls more opportunities to break down the poverty barrier, be educated, and achieve great things.
分析 “It was...that...”是强调句,强调时间状语“during that day”。“she told herself”后为省略that的宾语从句,作told的宾语。宾语从句中“she needed to do”是省略that的定语从句,修饰先行词everything。
译文 正是在那天,她告诉自己她将做一切需要做的事,并给女孩们更多机会去打破贫穷壁垒,去接受教育,去成就大事。
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2024外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步
Unit 2 Lessons in life
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.The new technology has (/ wa dspred/) application in detective stories.
2.Once we discover any (不正常的) phenomenon in management, we should take action to change the situation.
3.He was praised as a thoughtful lecturer because he had (预料) the audience’s needs before he made the lecture.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl, and she has changed nearly beyond (recognize).
2.Checking one’s mobile phone is regarded as a (distract) while working or studying, which may be considered impolite while having dinner with others.
3.Hardly is she pessimistic life, because she is convinced that what really matters is how to overcome the difficulties.
4.When you get out of a taxi, make sure that none of your (possess) are left behind.
5. (normal), giant pandas have a life span of 18 to 20 years in the wild, and up to 37 years in the breeding base.
6.Nowadays, the term “Dazi (搭子)” (view) as a new kind of social connection with the aim of pursuing shared interests.
7.The naughty little boy broke the vase by chance, but he behaved as if nothing (happen).
Ⅲ.选词填空
be reunited with; a pleasant surprise; point of view; get distracted by; lose touch with; live life to the full
The old man was taken abroad as a child and unfortunately 1. his family later. Although he worked hard and 2. , he 3. homesickness. With numerous efforts, finally he got in touch with his family again and decided to go back home. From my 4. , it was 5. that he 6. his family soon.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.如果一名学生在某一科目薄弱的话,他的整体学业水平将会被这一劣势削弱。(weak)
If one student some subject, his overall academic achievement will this .
2.We all recognize that environmental pollution is one of the most serious problems that people are facing now. (句型转换)
→ environmental pollution is one of the most serious problems that people are facing now.
→Environmental pollution one of the most serious problems that people are facing now.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Although Mitch is 1 promising sports journalist, he still feels there is something missing from his life. However, this all changes when he 2 (reunite) with his favourite professor, Morrie. The moment he learns that Morrie is being weakened by a severe illness, Mitch starts visiting him at his house every Tuesday. The 3 (week) conversations between them turn out to be a series of lessons on the meaning of life and how best to live it.
The following are four readers’ reviews of the book Tuesdays with Morrie.
Arthur K:Indeed, it’s a pleasant surprise 4 (find) that this book is full of joy and hope. I am inspired by Morrie’s bravery towards the end of his life, which has made me value my own life more. 5 Morrie says, “Once you learn how to die, you learn how to live.”
Amy Wang: While 6 (live), we tend to get distracted by unimportant things, such as gathering material 7 (possession). What we should do is find out 8 is important in our lives and establish our own values. Reading this book made me feel as if I’d been woken up from a long sleep and finally opened my eyes to the world!
Marty:Receiving widespread 9 (recognize), this book did teach me a lesson or two.
Vivian: One of the lessons of the book is to keep in touch 10 the good people we meet as we go through life.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
(2022天津和平区期末)
I was out of work, doing nothing but pass the time when I came across an advertisement by which you could apply to be a volunteer in a blood donation camp. When I was in college, I tried to donate blood for several times, but I failed because I was underweight. After that it never occurred to me to donate blood again, so the ad caught my attention. I dialed the number and volunteered for it.
It was fun volunteering for it. The blood donation camp was set up every three months, so I used to go out and meet new and old donors. It was a sort of picnic for me till one day a teenage girl came up to the camp.
“Hello! Um, I’m suffering from hemolytic anemia(溶血性贫血), so I just want to know if there is an arrangement in the camp for plasma (血浆) donors,” she asked.
To be frank, I could not even catch what she was suffering from, but I was sure I heard “anemia”. Though a layman in biology, at least I knew “anemia” had something to do with a deficiency(缺乏) of blood in a person. I recalled all the key points of my biology classes just not to make a fool of myself there but still said, “I’m sorry I didn’t get your question. What are you suffering from ”
“I’m suffering from hemolytic anemia. It is a disorder where the red blood cells are destroyed, and their lifespan is abnormal later. In every 120 days, I undergo a blood transfusion,” she replied.
“Oh, I’m sorry, but clearly you need blood in your body. Then why do you...”
She smiled and interrupted me, “I just want to donate the plasma. You know, it is because of people like you that I’m able to stand here. Everything I do is a gift from people who donate blood. I’m so grateful to all of you and I also want to participate in saving lives. I want to donate plasma in case there is someone who needs a transfusion of plasma.”
I was speechless. I had never taken blood donation seriously. For me, it was just a day of fun, laughing with others and eating free ice cream. Here I was standing before a person who was sick but still willing to help others. So I urge everyone to donate blood as much as they can. It saves lives in despair! It truly does!
1.Why did the advertisement appeal to the author
A.She had never managed to donate blood before.
B.She needed to do something for a living.
C.She wanted to help more people in need.
D.She thought it interesting to do the work.
2.What does the underlined word “layman” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A.Genius.
B.Beginner.
C.Expert.
D.Nonprofessional person.
3.What was the purpose of the girl’s plasma donation
A.To call on more people to donate blood.
B.To give back to society for saving her life.
C.To help those having financial difficulties.
D.To reduce the number of blood transfusions.
4.Which of the following best shows the author’s emotional changes when talking with the girl
A.Worried→grateful.
B.Confused→ashamed.
C.Amused→regretful.
D.Annoyed→embarrassed.
Ⅲ.七选五
(2023湖北鄂东南三校联考期中)
Dr. Esther Ngumbi, now a professor of Entomology (昆虫学) at the University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, was born in a rural farming community along the Kenyan Coast. 1 There were no societal role models to inspire girls to reach for the stars. Luckily, her parents were teachers and struggled to raise enough money to pay for their children’s school fees.
Her parents would go to town to get their pay checks, but eat nothing before coming back in the evening, hungry and tired. She knew that they were able to buy food in town, but they chose not to spend money on themselves so that Esther and her brothers and sisters could go to school. 2 It inspired her to pursue her academic career goals and fight against challenges however tough they seemed.
3 She went through high school and eventually college and attained a Bachelor and Master of Science at Kenyatta University. On a beautiful summer day of August 6, 2011, she attained what at times seemed to be an absurd dream: a PhD in Entomology from Auburn University. 4
She cried on her graduation day as she thought of her community in Kenya and many girls in her community. 5 It was during that day that she told herself she would do everything she needed to do, and give the girls more opportunities to break down the poverty barrier, be educated, and achieve great things.
It’s transparent that she has devoted all of her passion, efforts, heart and resources to bringing sustainable change in her community and she has become a role model for girls in her community.
A.This had a powerful effect on her.
B.Education for girls was considered unimportant there.
C.Once she started to do experiments in the lab, she was devoted to them.
D.She became the first woman in her community to obtain a PhD degree.
E.She was a real leader for many young African girls in similar situations.
F.They had the potential to be a scientist too, but just lacked the opportunity.
G.She studied hard and gained a lot, hoping she could help her family and community.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Unit 2 Lessons in life
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.widespread 2.abnormal 3.anticipated
Ⅱ.1.recognition 考查名词。句意:从Sara很小的时候起,我就没见过她,她已经变得让人几乎认不出来了。根据空前的介词beyond可知设空处应用名词。change beyond recognition为固定搭配,意为“变得让人认不出来”。故填recognition。
2.distraction 考查名词。句意:在工作或学习时查看自己的手机被认为是一件让人分心的事,在与别人一起吃饭时看手机可能会被认为是不礼貌的。根据设空处前面的冠词a可知此处应用名词单数形式,由语境可知此处表示“使人分心的事”,故填distraction。
3.about 考查介词。句意:她几乎不会对生活感到悲观,因为她坚信真正重要的是如何克服困难。由句意可知,此处使用的是固定搭配“be pessimistic about”,表示“对……悲观”。故填about。
4.possessions 考查名词。句意:下出租车时,你要确保你的东西一件都没有落下。根据空前的形容词性物主代词your可知设空处应用名词。根据句意可知设空处的意思为“所有物”,应用名词possession。possession意为“所有物”时是可数名词,根据空后的are可知应用复数形式。故填possessions。
5.Normally 考查副词。句意:通常,野外大熊猫的寿命是15年到20年,在繁育基地的可活到37岁。设空处修饰整个句子,应用副词作状语,由语境可知设空处表示“通常”,故填Normally。
6.is viewed 考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意:如今,“搭子”这个词被视为一种新型的以追求共同兴趣为目的的社交关系。根据时间状语Nowadays及语境可知,应用一般现在时表示一般情况;be viewed as...为固定搭配,意为“被视为……”,则the term “Dazi”与view之间为被动关系,应用被动语态;主语为第三人称单数形式,谓语也应用第三人称单数形式。故填is viewed。
7.had happened 考查虚拟语气。句意:那个淘气的小男孩意外打碎了花瓶,但他表现得好像什么事都没发生一样。由句意可知,as if引导的方式状语从句要用虚拟语气,表示不是真实的情况;由behaved及语境可知表示对过去事情的虚拟,从句要用过去完成时。故填had happened。
Ⅲ.1.lost touch with 2.lived life to the full 3.got distracted by 4.point of view 5.a pleasant surprise
6.would be reunited with
Ⅳ.1.is weak in; be weakened by; weakness
2.It is recognized that;is recognized as
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.a 考查冠词。journalist为可数名词,根据空后的“promising sports journalist”及句子结构可知此处应填冠词。由语境可知,此处表示“一位……的记者”,表泛指,应用不定冠词,且promising以辅音音素开头,故填a。
2.is reunited 考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句中when引导时间状语从句,设空处作从句的谓语。由主句中的changes及语境可知从句也应用一般现在时;be reunited with为固定搭配,意为“与……重聚”,由此可知从句主语he与reunite之间为被动关系,应用被动语态,且主语为第三人称单数形式,故填is reunited。
3.weekly 考查形容词。根据空后的名词conversations可知设空处应用形容词作定语修饰名词,此处表示“每周的”,故填weekly。
4.to find 考查动词不定式。分析句子结构可知,此句使用了“it is+n.+to do sth.”结构,其中it为形式主语,不定式短语作真正的主语,设空处应用动词不定式,故填to find。
5.As 考查关系代词。分析句子结构可知,设空处作非限制性定语从句的引导词,表示“正如”,故填As。
6.living 考查现在分词。分析句子结构可知,“While 6 ”为状语从句的省略形式,还原后为“While we are living”,此处省略了主语we和be动词,故填living。
7.possessions 考查名词的数。根据空前的形容词material可知设空处应用名词,作gathering的宾语。possession表示“财产,财物”时为可数名词且常用复数形式,且其前没有冠词等限定词,故填possessions。
8.what 考查连接代词。句意:弄清楚在我们的生活中什么是重要的并且建立我们自己的价值观,这是我们应该做的事。分析句子结构可知,“ 8 is important in our lives”是设空处引导的宾语从句,作find out的宾语,且从句缺少主语,结合句意可知设空处表示“什么”,应用连接代词what。
9.recognition 考查名词。根据空前的形容词widespread可知,设空处应用名词作Receiving的宾语,表示“认可”,故填名词recognition。
10.with 考查介词。keep in touch with与……保持联系。故填with。
Ⅱ.◎语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者开始献血时只是觉得这是一件有趣的事,直到有一天见到一个患有溶血性贫血的女孩,她经常接受输血,却来捐献血浆,回报社会,作者开始重新看待输血的意义。
1.A 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When I was in college, I tried to donate blood for several times, but I failed...so the ad caught my attention.”可知,作者之前一直没有献血成功,所以这次看到这则广告,作者产生了兴趣。故选A。
2.D 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的“Though” 可知,“Though a layman in biology”和“at least I knew ‘anemia’ had something to do with a deficiency(缺乏) of blood in a person”之间是转折关系,由此推测此处表示“尽管我是生物上的 ,但至少我知道‘贫血’与人的血液缺乏有关”。由此可推断,作者对这种病及相关术语不是很了解,对生物学知识不熟悉, D项(非专业人士)与之语境相符。故选D。layman意为“门外汉,外行”。
3.B 推理判断题。根据倒数第四段和倒数第二段女孩所说的话可知,这个女孩经常接受输血,她自己想捐献血浆来感谢献血的人们,回报社会。故选B。
4.B 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“哦,对不起,但很明显你的身体需要血液。那你为什么……”可知,作者一开始对女孩的做法是感到困惑的(confused)。根据最后一段可知,通过和女孩交谈,作者明白了献血真的可以救人性命,并为自己以前没有认真对待献血这件事感到惭愧(ashamed)。故选B。
【高频词汇】 1.donation n.捐献 donate v.献(血);捐献(器官) 2.to be frank坦白说 3.recall v.回忆起;记起
4.disorder n.失调;紊乱 5.lifespan n.寿命;有效期
6.appeal to吸引;呼吁
【差距词汇】 1.undergo v.经历,经受
2.blood transfusion n.输血
长难句 原句 I was out of work, doing nothing but pass the time when I came across an advertisement by which you could apply to be a volunteer in a blood donation camp.
分析 when是并列连词,在句中表示“(正在……)在那时”;“by which...donation camp”为by which引导的定语从句,修饰 an advertisement。
译文 我失业了,无所事事打发时间时,偶然看到一则广告,上面写着你可以申请成为献血营的志愿者。
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文,文章主要讲述了肯尼亚女孩Esther Ngumbi在艰苦的条件下努力获得了奥本大学昆虫学博士学位,并全心投入到为她的社区带来可持续的变化的工作中,成为社区女孩的榜样的故事。
1.B 细节句。根据设空处上文“Dr. Esther Ngumbi... was born in a rural farming community”和下文“There were no societal role models to inspire girls to reach for the stars.”可知,Esther出生在一个农村的农业社区,没有社会上的榜样来激励那里的女孩们去勇攀高峰,实现自己的梦想。结合选项可知B项“那里对女孩的教育并不看重”与上下文话题一致,符合语境,其中there指代上文中的“a rural farming community”,girls、unimportant与下文中的“no societal role models to inspire girls to reach for the stars”相呼应。故选B。
2.A 细节句。根据空前内容“她知道他们有能力在城里买食物,但他们选择不把钱花在自己身上,这样Esther和她的兄弟姐妹就可以上学了”及空后内容“这激励她追求自己的学术生涯目标,并与无论看起来多么艰难的挑战作斗争”可知,上文Esther父母的行为对Esther产生了积极的影响,A项“这(样的做法)对她产生了极大的影响”符合语境,其中“This”指代Esther父母的做法。故选A。
3.G 主旨句。根据设空处下文“她读完了高中,最后上了大学,并在肯雅塔大学获得了科学学士和硕士学位”以及后两段中提到她打算帮助她的社区和社区的女孩并真的这样做了可推断,G项“她努力学习并收获了很多,希望可以帮助她的家庭和社区”符合语境,且能概括下文。故选G。
4.D 细节句。根据设空处上文“2011年8月6日,一个美丽的夏日,她获得了奥本大学昆虫学博士学位……”可知,Esther获得了奥本大学昆虫学博士学位,D项“她成为她的社区第一个获得博士学位的女性”承接上文,符合语境。故选D。
5.F 细节句。设空处上文提到“毕业那天,当她想到她在肯尼亚的社区和社区里的许多女孩时,她哭了。”;根据设空处下文中的“she would do everything she needed to do”和“give the girls more opportunities to break down the poverty barrier, be educated, and achieve great things”可知,她要帮助社区的女孩们,给她们更多打破贫穷的障碍、接受教育、获得伟大成就的机会。设空处上下文都提到了社区的女孩们,由此推测设空处是关于那些女孩的情况。F项“她们也同样有潜力成为科学家,但只是缺少机会”符合语境,说这些女孩缺少机会,这是下文Esther下定决心给那些女孩更多机会的原因,上下文衔接顺畅。F项中的They指代上文的“many girls”,opportunity与下文中的“more opportunities”相照应。故选F。
【高频词汇】 1.raise money筹钱 2.pursue v.追求,致力于;继续探讨;追逐 3.academic adj.学业的,学术的an academic career学术生涯 4.tough adj.艰难的,艰苦的,棘手的;坚韧不拔的 5.break down the barrier 打破壁垒 6.devote...to... 致力于,献身于 7.sustainable adj.可持续的 8.have an effect on...对……有影响
9.obtain a...degree获得……学位
【差距词汇】 1.societal adj.社会的,关于社会的
2.reach for the stars有九天揽月之志;努力完成壮举
长难句 原句 It was during that day that she told herself she would do everything she needed to do, and give the girls more opportunities to break down the poverty barrier, be educated, and achieve great things.
分析 “It was...that...”是强调句,强调时间状语“during that day”。“she told herself”后为省略that的宾语从句,作told的宾语。宾语从句中“she needed to do”是省略that的定语从句,修饰先行词everything。
译文 正是在那天,她告诉自己她将做一切需要做的事,并给女孩们更多机会去打破贫穷壁垒,去接受教育,去成就大事。
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