2024外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步练习--Unit 3 Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas（含答案与解析）
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中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2024外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步
Unit 3 The world meets China
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.We need to have a basic knowledge of insurance (覆盖范围) if we are to take out insurance.
2.Doing physical exercises regularly (增强) your body and improves your mental health as well.
3.It is suggested that improper parking during the rush hour when traffic reaches itsp should be regulated.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.Besides, you can write a poem about how courage, determination and (strong) have helped you face challenges in your life. (2020全国新高考Ⅰ改编)
2.I heard my truck start up with a thunderous sound, and then the sound faded in the distance.
3.In order to deliver a clear presentation, I slowly explained the traditional procedure for making tea detail.
4.This ancient building group has a long history (date) back to the early period of the Tang Dynasty.
5.Given there was so little time left for them to accomplish such an urgent assignment, I think they have done a good job.
6.He found that everything in the house (cover) with a thick layer of dust.
Ⅲ.选词填空
fade from; date from; add to; be testimony to
Yesterday we paid a visit to the Forbidden City in Beijing, the history of which 1. the 15th century. The classical royal architecture 2. the prosperity of ancient China. Besides, the restoration of the Forbidden City has 3. its charm and vitality. Nowadays, the traditional Chinese cultural heritage has received world wide recognition and will never 4. the memory of people.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.在我看来,为了让自己表现得更好,首先你必须知道自己的优势和劣势。
From my point of view, to make yourself perform better, you first have to know your .
2.鲜花不仅使沉闷的房间恢复了生机,也让她的内心充满阳光。(bring)
Flowers not only the dull room back but also filled her heart with sunshine.(读后续写—环境描写)
3.山顶上矗立着一座大约300年前建造的古庙。(倒装句)
On the top of the hill , which was built about 300 years ago.
4.Whatever difficulties we meet with, we will work hard in order to go to the ideal colleges.(句型转换)
→ , we will work hard in order to go to the ideal colleges.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Dunhuang, 1 used to be the gateway to and from Ancient China, has a long and glorious history. Its history represents its significance as a centre of 2 (culture) and commercial exchange. And now, it is a world class tourist destination boasting 3 (site) with UNESCO protected heritage status. 4 (know) as the Mogao Grottoes, its more than 700 ancient caves were carved out of the rock over a period of 1,000 years. The subjects of the Dunhuang murals vary from religious stories 5 scenes of everyday life. These images reflect the 6 (confident) and optimism of people from that time. In a sealed cave 7 (hide) thousands of manuscripts, paintings, scrolls and silk embroideries. However, the reason why the cave was sealed up remains 8 mystery. In the Ming Dynasty, Dunhuang 9 (be) not as prosperous as it used to be, and faded from memory 10 (gradual).
Now Dunhuang has once again become a global crossroads due to the Belt and Road Initiative.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2022山东淄博联考)
In the spring of 1943, James and Lucy Lo started a photography expedition. Their sights were set on an ancient network of caves in northwest China. Soon after, they arrived at the oasis city of Dunhuang. They would spend the next 18 months at this historic crossroads. And what began as a passion project quickly turned into one of the most ambitious surveys of Dunhuang’s Yulin and Mogao Grottoes.
The Los ended up collecting a considerable number of manuscripts that today make up the largest collection of Dunhuang texts in the United States. The more than 3,000 photographs they amassed have proven extremely valuable to researchers, archaeologists, and art historians because they preserve viewpoints of sites or features that are now long gone, badly damaged, or inaccessible. In June 2021,Visualizing Dunhuang: The Lo Archive Photographs of the Mogao and Yulin Caves, a new book featuring several hundred black and white photos from the Lo Archive(“罗氏档案”), was published. It is a huge contribution that furthers our understanding of Dunhuang.
Now the Mogao Grottoes have re emerged as a popular travel destination. In modern times, however, the caves face unprecedented levels of stress, with over one million tourists each year. Situated within delicate microclimates, the murals are extremely sensitive to changes in moisture and carbon dioxide. Moisture, worsened by a constant flow of visitors during the hot summer months, can cause salts in the walls to liquefy(液化). Also, because the complex lies in an earthquake prone zone (地震易发区), conservators say that action must be taken now to protect against further erosion and collapse.
Countless questions remain about the caves’ past and future. Can we ever come to know a place as vast and mysterious as Dunhuang Perhaps, but we certainly can’t do it by ourselves, let alone in a single lifetime. The Los might not realize they were starting something that would continue long after they were gone. And yet they have brought us closer to reconstructing the past and have driven us to become better caretakers of it. These living histories may still be incomplete,but they are far more complete than anything we could attempt on our own.
1.Why did the Los go to Dunhuang
A.To go on a business trip.
B.To take photos of caves in Dunhuang.
C.To lecture on archaeological expeditions.
D.To participate in a photography exhibition.
2.What does the underlined word “amassed” in Paragraph 2 mean
A.Collected. B.Found.
C.Bought. D.Studied.
3.What can be learned about the Mogao Grottoes
A.They frequently fell victim to earthquakes.
B.They were badly damaged by moisture.
C.They provide an unfavorable environment for the murals.
D.They become unwelcome due to harsh climate.
4.What is the author’s attitude to the Los
A.Doubtful. B.Sympathetic.
C.Worried. D.Admiring.
B
(2023辽宁沈阳郊联体月考)
Los Angeles native Randall Bartlett sat under the rooftop of a traditional Chinese scholar’s studio, occasionally turning a page of his book. The scene was in the reopened Liu Fang Yuan at the Huntington Library, Art Collections and Botanical Gardens. For him, the garden brings to life the Chinese philosophies he learned from books.
Phillip Bloom, director of the Center for East Asian Garden Studies, said the idea for Liu Fang Yuan went back to the 1980s with the initial aim of creating a collection of Chinese plants,but after research, they realized plants alone were not sufficient to demonstrate the essence of a Chinese garden. Eventually, it was decided to model a garden on 16th and 17th century scholarly retreats(休养处)in Suzhou.
The decision was made not only partly due to the fame of Suzhou classical gardens, but also because similarities were found between the Huntington and Suzhou gardens. Bloom said that Henry E. Huntington, founder of the Huntington Library, was a successful US businessman who used his fortune to collect rare books and artworks and to create gardens. “Many Suzhou gardens were also created by rich people who tried to pursue a scholarly lifestyle,” he added.
To preserve the character of the Suzhou gardens, the Huntington Library sought help from Suzhou, giving rise to collaboration between US and Chinese architects, contractors and designers. In all stages of construction, artisans(工匠) from Suzhou came to work on details of the venue.
After three years of expansion from 2018 to 2020, Liu Fang Yuan reopened to the public with 4.8 hectares of a new landscape, making it one of the largest classical style Chinese gardens in the world. The additions include courtyards displaying penjing, a scholar’s studio, a pavilion(亭子) situated at the garden’s highest point, etc.
Now, it is meaningful to see how people from local communities interact with the garden. “A lot of volunteers come to different lectures and exhibitions about Chinese culture that we hold regularly,” Bloom said. By exposing its visitors to arts and literature, Liu Fang Yuan goes beyond international boundaries and bridges the cultural gaps between the two countries.
5.What do we know about Liu Fang Yuan
A.It used to be a scholarly retreat in Suzhou.
B.It was constructed by Suzhou artisans alone.
C.It became the largest garden after being expanded.
D.It strengthened cultural exchanges between America and China.
6.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A.The introduction to the founder.
B.The fame of Suzhou classical gardens.
C.The features of a scholarly lifestyle.
D.The reasons for modeling a Suzhou garden.
7.What does the underlined word “collaboration” in Paragraph 4 mean
A.Negotiation.
B.Cooperation.
C.Inspiration.
D.Contradiction.
8.Why did Bloom mention local people’s interactions with the garden
A.To show its cultural significance.
B.To detail its architectural features.
C.To promote its diverse activities.
D.To boost its international fame.
Ⅲ.七选五
(2023安徽合肥七校联考)
Science fiction, or sci fi, with more themes related to environmental issues, overpopulation, and technological growth, has explosively(爆发地) grown in popularity since the beginning of the 21st century. 1
Some Chinese Sci Fi History
2 Few works were translated. And the Western world had little to no taste for it.
The history of Chinese sci fi is extensive, but the modern genre first took root during the 1900s. Authors such as Lu Xun promoted sci fi’s early development in China and translated multiple Western stories like Jules Verne’s From the Earth to the Moon. Following the 1970s, China began its own golden age of science fiction. Movies, clubs, magazines, societies, communities and institutes formed around this genre and became increasingly popular among Chinese readers. 3
Its Entry into the West
Chinese sci fi has become internationally recognized, mainly because of Ken Liu, who translated The Three Body Problem, the first contemporary Chinese sci fi novel to be translated into English. 4 Chinese sci fi’s introduction to the West began with this novel, and it couldn’t have been given a better international debut (首次亮相). Liu has become a go to source for Chinese authors seeking international audiences.
What Makes Chinese Sci Fi Distinctive(独特的)
The subgenre is unique for using a number of cultural and traditional objects, words, places and beliefs. 5 The stories are also different because many modern Chinese sci fi authors were heavily affected by the events of the 20th century. Their perspectives(思维方式) and ideas on morals, ethics(伦理标准), government, politics, science and anything in between come from the standpoint previously unknown to Western readers.
A.Published in 2014, it proved to be a huge success.
B.He is a writer, translator and computer scientist.
C.Before the 2000s, Chinese sci fi was lesser known.
D.Chinese sci fi also made its way in the West.
E.Similar to Western sci fi, it has experienced the ups and downs.
F.This laid the foundation for its eventual introduction to Western readers.
G.This makes Chinese sci fi a cultural and historical analysis of China.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Unit 3 The world meets China
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.coverage 2.strengthens 3.peak
Ⅱ.1.strength 考查名词。句意:此外,你可以写一首诗,讲述勇气、决心和力量是如何帮助你面对生活中的挑战的。由空前的 and可以判断,此处与courage和determination并列,作how引导的宾语从句的主语,应用名词。这里表示“力量”,故填strength。
2.away 考查副词。句意:我听见我的卡车发动起来,发出雷鸣般的声音,然后那声音逐渐消失在了远处。fade away意为“逐渐消失”。
3.in 考查介词。句意:为了进行清晰的展示,我慢慢地详细解释了传统的泡茶程序。in detail为固定搭配,意为“详细地”。
4.dating 考查现在分词。句意:这个古建筑群历史悠久,可追溯到初唐时期。date back to 意为“追溯到”,既没有进行时态,也没有被动形式,句中已有谓语动词has,此处应用其现在分词形式作定语。
5.that 考查原因状语从句。句意:考虑到他们用留给他们的那么短的时间完成了这么紧急的任务,我认为他们已经做得很好了。given that引导原因状语从句,意为“考虑到……”。
6.was covered 考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意:他发现房子里所有的东西都覆盖着一层厚厚的灰尘。found是主句的谓语动词,found后是that引导的宾语从句。由found及句意可以判断宾语从句用一般过去时;be covered with意为“被……覆盖着”,则从句主语everything与cover之间为被动关系,应用被动语态;不定代词everything作主语,谓语用第三人称单数形式,故填was covered。
Ⅲ.1.dates from 2.is testimony to 3.added to 4.fade from
Ⅳ.1.strengths and weaknesses 2.brought; to life
3.stands an old temple 4.No matter what difficulties we meet with
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.which 考查定语从句的关系代词。句意: 敦煌曾是进出古代中国的门户,有着悠久而辉煌的历史。“ 1 used to be the gateway to and from Ancient China”为设空处引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Dunhuang,关系词在从句中作主语,指物,故用which引导定语从句。
2.cultural 考查形容词。设空处与commercial并列作定语修饰名词exchange,则设空处应用形容词;由语境可知设空处表示“文化的”,故填cultural。
3.sites 考查名词的数。分析句子结构可知,“boasting 3 ...heritage status”为现在分词作定语,修饰tourist destination,其中设空处为boasting的宾语。site为可数名词,其前无限定词修饰,故用复数形式sites。
4.Known 考查过去分词。 句意:它的七百多个古老的洞穴被称为莫高窟,是在一千年的时间里在岩石上雕刻而成的。(be) known as是固定搭配,表示“被称为……”。此处作状语,故填Known。
5.to 考查介词。句意:敦煌壁画的主题从宗教故事到日常生活场景各不相同。 vary from...to...为固定搭配,意为“从……到……各不相同”。
6.confidence 考查名词。设空处与后面的optimism并列,应用名词形式。
7.were hidden 考查倒装句、时态、语态及主谓一致。句意:在一个密封的洞穴里,隐藏着数千份手稿、绘画、卷轴和丝绸刺绣品。表示地点的介词短语“In a sealed cave”放在了句首,故可推测此句为倒装句。设空处为句子的谓语,句子主语是后面的“thousands of manuscripts, paintings, scrolls and silk embroideries”,与hide之间为被动关系,应用被动语态。由语境可知此处表示“过去隐藏着”,应用一般过去时,且主语为复数,故填were hidden。
8.a 考查冠词。句意:然而,这个洞被密封起来的原因仍然是个谜。此处表泛指,mystery在此处意为“谜”,为可数名词,且以辅音音素开头,故填不定冠词a。
9.was 考查时态和主谓一致。根据句中的时间状语In the Ming Dynasty可知此处指过去的事,应用一般过去时;主语Dunhuang为地名,表示单数意义,谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填was。
10.gradually 考查副词。此处应用副词作状语,修饰faded;gradual的副词形式为gradually,表示“逐渐地”。
Ⅱ.A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了罗寄梅夫妇对敦煌石窟研究作出的巨大贡献。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“James and Lucy Lo started a photography expedition”和“Their sights were set on an ancient network of caves in northwest China. Soon after, they arrived at the oasis city of Dunhuang.”可知,罗氏夫妇来到敦煌是为了拍摄石窟的照片。故选B。
2.A 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在段中的“The Los ended up collecting a considerable number of manuscripts”和“The more than 3,000 photographs they amassed have proven extremely valuable”可知,罗氏夫妇积累了大量的原稿,也就是拍了大量照片,这些照片被证明非常有价值。由此可知此处是说这三千多张照片是由罗氏夫妇积累的。故选A(积累,积聚)。B.发现;C.买;D.研究。
3.C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Situated within delicate microclimates, the murals are extremely sensitive to changes in moisture and carbon dioxide.”可知,莫高窟壁画所处的小气候是脆弱的,壁画对湿气和二氧化碳的变化极度敏感。再结合第三段最后提到的“the complex lies in an earthquake prone zone(地震易发区)”可知莫高窟地理条件也脆弱。由此可知莫高窟为壁画提供了一个不利的环境。故选C。
4.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“they have brought us closer to reconstructing the past and have driven us to become better caretakers of it”和“These living histories may still be incomplete, but they are far more complete than anything we could attempt on our own.”可知,作者认为罗氏夫妇帮助我们重现过去,促使我们能更好地保护莫高窟,虽然他们所重塑的历史尚不完整,但他们提供的记录已非我们凭一己之力可及。因此可以看出,作者非常钦佩罗氏夫妇,对他们所作的贡献给予了高度赞扬。故选D(钦佩的)。A.怀疑的;B.同情的;C.担心的。
【高频词汇】 1.passion n.热情;酷爱 2.considerable adj.相当大的,相当多的 3.preserve v.保护,保留;保存,维持 4.sensitive adj.敏感的,脆弱的 5.collapse n.& v.倒塌 6.let alone 更不必说 7.frequently adv.频繁地
8.harsh adj.恶劣的;艰苦的;严厉的;残酷的
【熟词生义】 1.ambitious adj.宏大的,费力的,艰巨的
2.lecture v.开讲座,讲课
【差距词汇】 1.expedition n.探险;考察
2.unprecedented adj.前所未有的 3.delicate adj.脆弱的
4.moisture n.潮气;水分 5.erosion n.侵蚀
6.unfavorable adj.不利的,有害的
长难句 原句 The Los might not realize they were starting something that would continue long after they were gone.
分析 本句为主从复合句。realize后面是一个省略了引导词that的宾语从句。在该宾语从句中,“that would continue long after they were gone”是由that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词something;在该定语从句中,“after they were gone”是由after引导的时间状语从句。
译文 罗氏夫妇可能没有意识到他们(当时)正着手做的事情在他们离世后还会持续很长时间。
B
◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了以中国的苏州园林为模板,美国的流芳园在中美建筑师、承包商和设计师之间合作扩建的基础上重新开放。
5.D 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“For him, the garden brings to life the Chinese philosophies he learned from books.(对他来说,这个花园使他从书中学到的中国哲学思想生动起来。)”可知,流芳园使美国人Randall Bartlett更加了解中国文化。根据第二段的内容可知,Phillip表示,流芳园的创意最初的目的是收集一批中国植物,但是后来发现这不足以展示中国园林的精髓,故最终决定以苏州园林为模板建造一个花园,由此可知,流芳园的创意来自苏州园林的建筑艺术,使中美文化联系起来。再根据最后一段最后一句“By exposing...Liu Fang Yuan goes beyond international boundaries and bridges the cultural gaps between the two countries.”可知,通过让游客接触艺术和文学,流芳园超越了国际边界,弥合了两国之间的文化鸿沟。综合以上分析可知,流芳园在加强中美之间的文化交流方面起着重要的作用。故选D。
6.D 主旨大意题。根据第三段的内容可知,亨廷顿图书馆与苏州园林都是富有的人为藏书或过一种学术氛围的生活而建的,它们之间有很多相似之处,故建成了苏州园林样式的花园。因而本段主要介绍流芳园以苏州园林为模板来设计的原因。故选D。
7.B 词义猜测题。设空处所在的第四段的内容为:为了保持苏州园林的特色,亨廷顿图书馆向苏州寻求帮助,促成了中美建筑师、承包商和设计师之间的“collaboration”;在建设的各个阶段,来自苏州的工匠会到建设场地参与细节工作。由此可知,在建设园林期间,中美建筑师、承包商和设计师有很多合作,结合选项可知B项(合作)符合语境,故选B。
8.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Now, it is meaningful to see how people from local communities interact with the garden.”和最后一句“By exposing its visitors to arts and literature, Liu Fang Yuan goes beyond international boundaries and bridges the cultural gaps between the two countries.”可知,现在,看看当地社区的人们如何与花园互动是很有意义的,通过让游客接触艺术和文学,流芳园超越了国际边界,弥合了两国之间的文化鸿沟。由此可知,提及人们与流芳园的互动是为了充分说明流芳园在中美之间的文化交流方面起着重要的作用。故选A。
【高频词汇】 1.sufficient adj.足够的 2.demonstrate v.展示,证明 3.expose v.使接触 4.boundary n.边界,界限
【熟词生义】 bridge v.弥合(差异),消除(分歧)
【差距词汇】 1.essence n.本质,精髓 2.model...on...模仿……建造/建立…… 3.contractor n.承包商
4.venue n.举办场所
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国科幻小说的发展历史、进入西方世界的原因及中国科幻小说的独特魅力。
1.D 主旨句。根据下文的几个小标题“Some Chinese Sci Fi History(一些中国科幻小说史)”“Its Entry into the West(它进入西方)”“What Makes Chinese Sci Fi Distinctive(是什么让中国科幻小说与众不同)”及它们对应的段落内容可知,本文介绍了中国科幻小说与世界的联系,D项(中国科幻小说也在西方取得了成功)是对本文内容的概括,起到了引出下文的作用。故选D。
2.C 细节句。下文“Few works were translated. And the Western world had little to no taste for it.(翻译的作品很少,且西方世界对此几乎没有兴趣。)”是对C项(在2000年之前,中国科幻小说鲜为人知)内容的解释,与C项构成因果关系,是中国科幻小说在2000年之前鲜为人知的原因。C项与下文逻辑连贯,故选C。
3.F 细节句。上文“Movies, clubs, magazines, societies, communities and institutes formed around this genre and became increasingly popular among Chinese readers. (电影、俱乐部、杂志、社团、社区和研究院都围绕着这一类型形成,并在中国读者中越来越受欢迎。)”和F项(这为它最终被西方读者初次了解奠定了基础)形成内容上的承接,讲述了中国科幻小说的发展。F项中的“Western readers”与空前的“Chinese readers”和下一段小标题中的“into the West”对应,F项中的“This”指的是上文提到的生活中的很多方面都与中国科幻小说有关且这些受到了中国读者的欢迎。故选F。
4.A 细节句。根据空上文“Chinese sci fi has become internationally recognized, mainly because of Ken Liu, who translated The Three Body Problem, the first contemporary Chinese sci fi novel to be translated into English. (中国科幻小说已经得到了国际认可,这主要是因为刘宇昆翻译了《三体》,这是第一部被翻译成英文的当代中国科幻小说。)”可知,《三体》是第一部被翻译成英文的当代中国科幻小说。A项(该书于2014年出版,取得了巨大成功)承接上文内容,是对该书的进一步介绍,与下文中的“Chinese sci fi’s introduction to the West began with this novel(中国的科幻小说被介绍到西方是从这部小说开始的)”内容也对应,故选A。
5.G 细节句。上文“The subgenre is unique for using a number of cultural and traditional objects, words, places and beliefs.(该亚体裁因使用了许多与文化有关的传统的物品、词语、地点和信仰而独特。)”和G项(这使得中国科幻小说成为对中国的文化和历史的一种分析)构成因果关系,空上文是中国科幻小说成为对中国的文化和历史的一种分析的原因。G项中的“cultural and historical”与空上文中的“cultural and traditional”对应,故选G。
【高频词汇】 1.technological adj.技术的,与技术有关的
2.popularity n.流行,普及 3.have a taste for... 对……有兴趣 4.previously adv.先前,之前 5.ups and downs兴衰,起伏 6.lay the foundation for为……打下基础
【差距词汇】 1.genre n.类型 2.contemporary adj.当代的,现代的 3.standpoint n.立场,观点
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
2024外研版高中英语选择性必修第四册同步
Unit 3 The world meets China
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.We need to have a basic knowledge of insurance (覆盖范围) if we are to take out insurance.
2.Doing physical exercises regularly (增强) your body and improves your mental health as well.
3.It is suggested that improper parking during the rush hour when traffic reaches itsp should be regulated.
Ⅱ.单句语法填空
1.Besides, you can write a poem about how courage, determination and (strong) have helped you face challenges in your life. (2020全国新高考Ⅰ改编)
2.I heard my truck start up with a thunderous sound, and then the sound faded in the distance.
3.In order to deliver a clear presentation, I slowly explained the traditional procedure for making tea detail.
4.This ancient building group has a long history (date) back to the early period of the Tang Dynasty.
5.Given there was so little time left for them to accomplish such an urgent assignment, I think they have done a good job.
6.He found that everything in the house (cover) with a thick layer of dust.
Ⅲ.选词填空
fade from; date from; add to; be testimony to
Yesterday we paid a visit to the Forbidden City in Beijing, the history of which 1. the 15th century. The classical royal architecture 2. the prosperity of ancient China. Besides, the restoration of the Forbidden City has 3. its charm and vitality. Nowadays, the traditional Chinese cultural heritage has received world wide recognition and will never 4. the memory of people.
Ⅳ.完成句子
1.在我看来,为了让自己表现得更好,首先你必须知道自己的优势和劣势。
From my point of view, to make yourself perform better, you first have to know your .
2.鲜花不仅使沉闷的房间恢复了生机,也让她的内心充满阳光。(bring)
Flowers not only the dull room back but also filled her heart with sunshine.(读后续写—环境描写)
3.山顶上矗立着一座大约300年前建造的古庙。(倒装句)
On the top of the hill , which was built about 300 years ago.
4.Whatever difficulties we meet with, we will work hard in order to go to the ideal colleges.(句型转换)
→ , we will work hard in order to go to the ideal colleges.
能力提升练
Ⅰ.课文语法填空
Dunhuang, 1 used to be the gateway to and from Ancient China, has a long and glorious history. Its history represents its significance as a centre of 2 (culture) and commercial exchange. And now, it is a world class tourist destination boasting 3 (site) with UNESCO protected heritage status. 4 (know) as the Mogao Grottoes, its more than 700 ancient caves were carved out of the rock over a period of 1,000 years. The subjects of the Dunhuang murals vary from religious stories 5 scenes of everyday life. These images reflect the 6 (confident) and optimism of people from that time. In a sealed cave 7 (hide) thousands of manuscripts, paintings, scrolls and silk embroideries. However, the reason why the cave was sealed up remains 8 mystery. In the Ming Dynasty, Dunhuang 9 (be) not as prosperous as it used to be, and faded from memory 10 (gradual).
Now Dunhuang has once again become a global crossroads due to the Belt and Road Initiative.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2022山东淄博联考)
In the spring of 1943, James and Lucy Lo started a photography expedition. Their sights were set on an ancient network of caves in northwest China. Soon after, they arrived at the oasis city of Dunhuang. They would spend the next 18 months at this historic crossroads. And what began as a passion project quickly turned into one of the most ambitious surveys of Dunhuang’s Yulin and Mogao Grottoes.
The Los ended up collecting a considerable number of manuscripts that today make up the largest collection of Dunhuang texts in the United States. The more than 3,000 photographs they amassed have proven extremely valuable to researchers, archaeologists, and art historians because they preserve viewpoints of sites or features that are now long gone, badly damaged, or inaccessible. In June 2021,Visualizing Dunhuang: The Lo Archive Photographs of the Mogao and Yulin Caves, a new book featuring several hundred black and white photos from the Lo Archive(“罗氏档案”), was published. It is a huge contribution that furthers our understanding of Dunhuang.
Now the Mogao Grottoes have re emerged as a popular travel destination. In modern times, however, the caves face unprecedented levels of stress, with over one million tourists each year. Situated within delicate microclimates, the murals are extremely sensitive to changes in moisture and carbon dioxide. Moisture, worsened by a constant flow of visitors during the hot summer months, can cause salts in the walls to liquefy(液化). Also, because the complex lies in an earthquake prone zone (地震易发区), conservators say that action must be taken now to protect against further erosion and collapse.
Countless questions remain about the caves’ past and future. Can we ever come to know a place as vast and mysterious as Dunhuang Perhaps, but we certainly can’t do it by ourselves, let alone in a single lifetime. The Los might not realize they were starting something that would continue long after they were gone. And yet they have brought us closer to reconstructing the past and have driven us to become better caretakers of it. These living histories may still be incomplete,but they are far more complete than anything we could attempt on our own.
1.Why did the Los go to Dunhuang
A.To go on a business trip.
B.To take photos of caves in Dunhuang.
C.To lecture on archaeological expeditions.
D.To participate in a photography exhibition.
2.What does the underlined word “amassed” in Paragraph 2 mean
A.Collected. B.Found.
C.Bought. D.Studied.
3.What can be learned about the Mogao Grottoes
A.They frequently fell victim to earthquakes.
B.They were badly damaged by moisture.
C.They provide an unfavorable environment for the murals.
D.They become unwelcome due to harsh climate.
4.What is the author’s attitude to the Los
A.Doubtful. B.Sympathetic.
C.Worried. D.Admiring.
B
(2023辽宁沈阳郊联体月考)
Los Angeles native Randall Bartlett sat under the rooftop of a traditional Chinese scholar’s studio, occasionally turning a page of his book. The scene was in the reopened Liu Fang Yuan at the Huntington Library, Art Collections and Botanical Gardens. For him, the garden brings to life the Chinese philosophies he learned from books.
Phillip Bloom, director of the Center for East Asian Garden Studies, said the idea for Liu Fang Yuan went back to the 1980s with the initial aim of creating a collection of Chinese plants,but after research, they realized plants alone were not sufficient to demonstrate the essence of a Chinese garden. Eventually, it was decided to model a garden on 16th and 17th century scholarly retreats(休养处)in Suzhou.
The decision was made not only partly due to the fame of Suzhou classical gardens, but also because similarities were found between the Huntington and Suzhou gardens. Bloom said that Henry E. Huntington, founder of the Huntington Library, was a successful US businessman who used his fortune to collect rare books and artworks and to create gardens. “Many Suzhou gardens were also created by rich people who tried to pursue a scholarly lifestyle,” he added.
To preserve the character of the Suzhou gardens, the Huntington Library sought help from Suzhou, giving rise to collaboration between US and Chinese architects, contractors and designers. In all stages of construction, artisans(工匠) from Suzhou came to work on details of the venue.
After three years of expansion from 2018 to 2020, Liu Fang Yuan reopened to the public with 4.8 hectares of a new landscape, making it one of the largest classical style Chinese gardens in the world. The additions include courtyards displaying penjing, a scholar’s studio, a pavilion(亭子) situated at the garden’s highest point, etc.
Now, it is meaningful to see how people from local communities interact with the garden. “A lot of volunteers come to different lectures and exhibitions about Chinese culture that we hold regularly,” Bloom said. By exposing its visitors to arts and literature, Liu Fang Yuan goes beyond international boundaries and bridges the cultural gaps between the two countries.
5.What do we know about Liu Fang Yuan
A.It used to be a scholarly retreat in Suzhou.
B.It was constructed by Suzhou artisans alone.
C.It became the largest garden after being expanded.
D.It strengthened cultural exchanges between America and China.
6.What is Paragraph 3 mainly about
A.The introduction to the founder.
B.The fame of Suzhou classical gardens.
C.The features of a scholarly lifestyle.
D.The reasons for modeling a Suzhou garden.
7.What does the underlined word “collaboration” in Paragraph 4 mean
A.Negotiation.
B.Cooperation.
C.Inspiration.
D.Contradiction.
8.Why did Bloom mention local people’s interactions with the garden
A.To show its cultural significance.
B.To detail its architectural features.
C.To promote its diverse activities.
D.To boost its international fame.
Ⅲ.七选五
(2023安徽合肥七校联考)
Science fiction, or sci fi, with more themes related to environmental issues, overpopulation, and technological growth, has explosively(爆发地) grown in popularity since the beginning of the 21st century. 1
Some Chinese Sci Fi History
2 Few works were translated. And the Western world had little to no taste for it.
The history of Chinese sci fi is extensive, but the modern genre first took root during the 1900s. Authors such as Lu Xun promoted sci fi’s early development in China and translated multiple Western stories like Jules Verne’s From the Earth to the Moon. Following the 1970s, China began its own golden age of science fiction. Movies, clubs, magazines, societies, communities and institutes formed around this genre and became increasingly popular among Chinese readers. 3
Its Entry into the West
Chinese sci fi has become internationally recognized, mainly because of Ken Liu, who translated The Three Body Problem, the first contemporary Chinese sci fi novel to be translated into English. 4 Chinese sci fi’s introduction to the West began with this novel, and it couldn’t have been given a better international debut (首次亮相). Liu has become a go to source for Chinese authors seeking international audiences.
What Makes Chinese Sci Fi Distinctive(独特的)
The subgenre is unique for using a number of cultural and traditional objects, words, places and beliefs. 5 The stories are also different because many modern Chinese sci fi authors were heavily affected by the events of the 20th century. Their perspectives(思维方式) and ideas on morals, ethics(伦理标准), government, politics, science and anything in between come from the standpoint previously unknown to Western readers.
A.Published in 2014, it proved to be a huge success.
B.He is a writer, translator and computer scientist.
C.Before the 2000s, Chinese sci fi was lesser known.
D.Chinese sci fi also made its way in the West.
E.Similar to Western sci fi, it has experienced the ups and downs.
F.This laid the foundation for its eventual introduction to Western readers.
G.This makes Chinese sci fi a cultural and historical analysis of China.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Unit 3 The world meets China
Part 1 Starting out & Understanding ideas
基础过关练
Ⅰ.1.coverage 2.strengthens 3.peak
Ⅱ.1.strength 考查名词。句意:此外,你可以写一首诗,讲述勇气、决心和力量是如何帮助你面对生活中的挑战的。由空前的 and可以判断,此处与courage和determination并列,作how引导的宾语从句的主语,应用名词。这里表示“力量”,故填strength。
2.away 考查副词。句意:我听见我的卡车发动起来,发出雷鸣般的声音,然后那声音逐渐消失在了远处。fade away意为“逐渐消失”。
3.in 考查介词。句意:为了进行清晰的展示,我慢慢地详细解释了传统的泡茶程序。in detail为固定搭配,意为“详细地”。
4.dating 考查现在分词。句意:这个古建筑群历史悠久,可追溯到初唐时期。date back to 意为“追溯到”,既没有进行时态,也没有被动形式,句中已有谓语动词has,此处应用其现在分词形式作定语。
5.that 考查原因状语从句。句意:考虑到他们用留给他们的那么短的时间完成了这么紧急的任务,我认为他们已经做得很好了。given that引导原因状语从句,意为“考虑到……”。
6.was covered 考查时态、语态及主谓一致。句意:他发现房子里所有的东西都覆盖着一层厚厚的灰尘。found是主句的谓语动词,found后是that引导的宾语从句。由found及句意可以判断宾语从句用一般过去时;be covered with意为“被……覆盖着”,则从句主语everything与cover之间为被动关系,应用被动语态;不定代词everything作主语,谓语用第三人称单数形式,故填was covered。
Ⅲ.1.dates from 2.is testimony to 3.added to 4.fade from
Ⅳ.1.strengths and weaknesses 2.brought; to life
3.stands an old temple 4.No matter what difficulties we meet with
能力提升练
Ⅰ.1.which 考查定语从句的关系代词。句意: 敦煌曾是进出古代中国的门户,有着悠久而辉煌的历史。“ 1 used to be the gateway to and from Ancient China”为设空处引导的非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词Dunhuang,关系词在从句中作主语,指物,故用which引导定语从句。
2.cultural 考查形容词。设空处与commercial并列作定语修饰名词exchange,则设空处应用形容词;由语境可知设空处表示“文化的”,故填cultural。
3.sites 考查名词的数。分析句子结构可知,“boasting 3 ...heritage status”为现在分词作定语,修饰tourist destination,其中设空处为boasting的宾语。site为可数名词,其前无限定词修饰,故用复数形式sites。
4.Known 考查过去分词。 句意:它的七百多个古老的洞穴被称为莫高窟,是在一千年的时间里在岩石上雕刻而成的。(be) known as是固定搭配,表示“被称为……”。此处作状语,故填Known。
5.to 考查介词。句意:敦煌壁画的主题从宗教故事到日常生活场景各不相同。 vary from...to...为固定搭配,意为“从……到……各不相同”。
6.confidence 考查名词。设空处与后面的optimism并列,应用名词形式。
7.were hidden 考查倒装句、时态、语态及主谓一致。句意:在一个密封的洞穴里,隐藏着数千份手稿、绘画、卷轴和丝绸刺绣品。表示地点的介词短语“In a sealed cave”放在了句首,故可推测此句为倒装句。设空处为句子的谓语,句子主语是后面的“thousands of manuscripts, paintings, scrolls and silk embroideries”,与hide之间为被动关系,应用被动语态。由语境可知此处表示“过去隐藏着”,应用一般过去时,且主语为复数,故填were hidden。
8.a 考查冠词。句意:然而,这个洞被密封起来的原因仍然是个谜。此处表泛指,mystery在此处意为“谜”,为可数名词,且以辅音音素开头,故填不定冠词a。
9.was 考查时态和主谓一致。根据句中的时间状语In the Ming Dynasty可知此处指过去的事,应用一般过去时;主语Dunhuang为地名,表示单数意义,谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填was。
10.gradually 考查副词。此处应用副词作状语,修饰faded;gradual的副词形式为gradually,表示“逐渐地”。
Ⅱ.A
◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了罗寄梅夫妇对敦煌石窟研究作出的巨大贡献。
1.B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“James and Lucy Lo started a photography expedition”和“Their sights were set on an ancient network of caves in northwest China. Soon after, they arrived at the oasis city of Dunhuang.”可知,罗氏夫妇来到敦煌是为了拍摄石窟的照片。故选B。
2.A 词义猜测题。根据画线词所在段中的“The Los ended up collecting a considerable number of manuscripts”和“The more than 3,000 photographs they amassed have proven extremely valuable”可知,罗氏夫妇积累了大量的原稿,也就是拍了大量照片,这些照片被证明非常有价值。由此可知此处是说这三千多张照片是由罗氏夫妇积累的。故选A(积累,积聚)。B.发现;C.买;D.研究。
3.C 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Situated within delicate microclimates, the murals are extremely sensitive to changes in moisture and carbon dioxide.”可知,莫高窟壁画所处的小气候是脆弱的,壁画对湿气和二氧化碳的变化极度敏感。再结合第三段最后提到的“the complex lies in an earthquake prone zone(地震易发区)”可知莫高窟地理条件也脆弱。由此可知莫高窟为壁画提供了一个不利的环境。故选C。
4.D 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“they have brought us closer to reconstructing the past and have driven us to become better caretakers of it”和“These living histories may still be incomplete, but they are far more complete than anything we could attempt on our own.”可知,作者认为罗氏夫妇帮助我们重现过去,促使我们能更好地保护莫高窟,虽然他们所重塑的历史尚不完整,但他们提供的记录已非我们凭一己之力可及。因此可以看出,作者非常钦佩罗氏夫妇,对他们所作的贡献给予了高度赞扬。故选D(钦佩的)。A.怀疑的;B.同情的;C.担心的。
【高频词汇】 1.passion n.热情;酷爱 2.considerable adj.相当大的,相当多的 3.preserve v.保护,保留;保存,维持 4.sensitive adj.敏感的,脆弱的 5.collapse n.& v.倒塌 6.let alone 更不必说 7.frequently adv.频繁地
8.harsh adj.恶劣的;艰苦的;严厉的;残酷的
【熟词生义】 1.ambitious adj.宏大的,费力的,艰巨的
2.lecture v.开讲座,讲课
【差距词汇】 1.expedition n.探险;考察
2.unprecedented adj.前所未有的 3.delicate adj.脆弱的
4.moisture n.潮气;水分 5.erosion n.侵蚀
6.unfavorable adj.不利的,有害的
长难句 原句 The Los might not realize they were starting something that would continue long after they were gone.
分析 本句为主从复合句。realize后面是一个省略了引导词that的宾语从句。在该宾语从句中,“that would continue long after they were gone”是由that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词something;在该定语从句中,“after they were gone”是由after引导的时间状语从句。
译文 罗氏夫妇可能没有意识到他们(当时)正着手做的事情在他们离世后还会持续很长时间。
B
◎语篇解读 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了以中国的苏州园林为模板,美国的流芳园在中美建筑师、承包商和设计师之间合作扩建的基础上重新开放。
5.D 推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“For him, the garden brings to life the Chinese philosophies he learned from books.(对他来说,这个花园使他从书中学到的中国哲学思想生动起来。)”可知,流芳园使美国人Randall Bartlett更加了解中国文化。根据第二段的内容可知,Phillip表示,流芳园的创意最初的目的是收集一批中国植物,但是后来发现这不足以展示中国园林的精髓,故最终决定以苏州园林为模板建造一个花园,由此可知,流芳园的创意来自苏州园林的建筑艺术,使中美文化联系起来。再根据最后一段最后一句“By exposing...Liu Fang Yuan goes beyond international boundaries and bridges the cultural gaps between the two countries.”可知,通过让游客接触艺术和文学,流芳园超越了国际边界,弥合了两国之间的文化鸿沟。综合以上分析可知,流芳园在加强中美之间的文化交流方面起着重要的作用。故选D。
6.D 主旨大意题。根据第三段的内容可知,亨廷顿图书馆与苏州园林都是富有的人为藏书或过一种学术氛围的生活而建的,它们之间有很多相似之处,故建成了苏州园林样式的花园。因而本段主要介绍流芳园以苏州园林为模板来设计的原因。故选D。
7.B 词义猜测题。设空处所在的第四段的内容为:为了保持苏州园林的特色,亨廷顿图书馆向苏州寻求帮助,促成了中美建筑师、承包商和设计师之间的“collaboration”;在建设的各个阶段,来自苏州的工匠会到建设场地参与细节工作。由此可知,在建设园林期间,中美建筑师、承包商和设计师有很多合作,结合选项可知B项(合作)符合语境,故选B。
8.A 推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“Now, it is meaningful to see how people from local communities interact with the garden.”和最后一句“By exposing its visitors to arts and literature, Liu Fang Yuan goes beyond international boundaries and bridges the cultural gaps between the two countries.”可知,现在,看看当地社区的人们如何与花园互动是很有意义的,通过让游客接触艺术和文学,流芳园超越了国际边界,弥合了两国之间的文化鸿沟。由此可知,提及人们与流芳园的互动是为了充分说明流芳园在中美之间的文化交流方面起着重要的作用。故选A。
【高频词汇】 1.sufficient adj.足够的 2.demonstrate v.展示,证明 3.expose v.使接触 4.boundary n.边界,界限
【熟词生义】 bridge v.弥合(差异),消除(分歧)
【差距词汇】 1.essence n.本质,精髓 2.model...on...模仿……建造/建立…… 3.contractor n.承包商
4.venue n.举办场所
Ⅲ.◎语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国科幻小说的发展历史、进入西方世界的原因及中国科幻小说的独特魅力。
1.D 主旨句。根据下文的几个小标题“Some Chinese Sci Fi History(一些中国科幻小说史)”“Its Entry into the West(它进入西方)”“What Makes Chinese Sci Fi Distinctive(是什么让中国科幻小说与众不同)”及它们对应的段落内容可知,本文介绍了中国科幻小说与世界的联系,D项(中国科幻小说也在西方取得了成功)是对本文内容的概括,起到了引出下文的作用。故选D。
2.C 细节句。下文“Few works were translated. And the Western world had little to no taste for it.(翻译的作品很少,且西方世界对此几乎没有兴趣。)”是对C项(在2000年之前,中国科幻小说鲜为人知)内容的解释,与C项构成因果关系,是中国科幻小说在2000年之前鲜为人知的原因。C项与下文逻辑连贯,故选C。
3.F 细节句。上文“Movies, clubs, magazines, societies, communities and institutes formed around this genre and became increasingly popular among Chinese readers. (电影、俱乐部、杂志、社团、社区和研究院都围绕着这一类型形成,并在中国读者中越来越受欢迎。)”和F项(这为它最终被西方读者初次了解奠定了基础)形成内容上的承接,讲述了中国科幻小说的发展。F项中的“Western readers”与空前的“Chinese readers”和下一段小标题中的“into the West”对应,F项中的“This”指的是上文提到的生活中的很多方面都与中国科幻小说有关且这些受到了中国读者的欢迎。故选F。
4.A 细节句。根据空上文“Chinese sci fi has become internationally recognized, mainly because of Ken Liu, who translated The Three Body Problem, the first contemporary Chinese sci fi novel to be translated into English. (中国科幻小说已经得到了国际认可,这主要是因为刘宇昆翻译了《三体》,这是第一部被翻译成英文的当代中国科幻小说。)”可知,《三体》是第一部被翻译成英文的当代中国科幻小说。A项(该书于2014年出版,取得了巨大成功)承接上文内容,是对该书的进一步介绍,与下文中的“Chinese sci fi’s introduction to the West began with this novel(中国的科幻小说被介绍到西方是从这部小说开始的)”内容也对应,故选A。
5.G 细节句。上文“The subgenre is unique for using a number of cultural and traditional objects, words, places and beliefs.(该亚体裁因使用了许多与文化有关的传统的物品、词语、地点和信仰而独特。)”和G项(这使得中国科幻小说成为对中国的文化和历史的一种分析)构成因果关系,空上文是中国科幻小说成为对中国的文化和历史的一种分析的原因。G项中的“cultural and historical”与空上文中的“cultural and traditional”对应,故选G。
【高频词汇】 1.technological adj.技术的,与技术有关的
2.popularity n.流行,普及 3.have a taste for... 对……有兴趣 4.previously adv.先前,之前 5.ups and downs兴衰,起伏 6.lay the foundation for为……打下基础
【差距词汇】 1.genre n.类型 2.contemporary adj.当代的,现代的 3.standpoint n.立场,观点
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